CREATIVITY LAB – EE 223 B

EXPERIMENT NO. 4
AIM: To make an Automatic Visitor Counter circuit using CD4026 IC and LDR,
which displays the count on a 7-segment Display.

APPARATUS USED:

S.
Apparatus Name Specifications Quantity
No.
1. Bread Board - 1
2. Jumper Wires - 1 m (approx.)
3. Soldering Iron 25 W 1
Soldering Accessories (Wire, flux,
4. - -
etc.)
5. PCB 4’’ x 6’’ 1
6. Counter IC 4026 - 2
7. BJT BC547/BC548 - 1
Common Cathode 7-segment
8. - 2
Display LTS543
Rmax as required in
9. LDR 1
circuit
100 Ω 2
1 kΩ 1
10. Resistors
10 kΩ 1
4.7 kΩ 1
Potentiometer (optional in place
11. 100 kΩ 1
of 10 kΩ resistance)
12. Push-to-on Switch - 1
13. Battery 6 V/9 V 1

THEORY:
Digital counters are needed everywhere in this digital world, and 7 segment
display is one the best component to display the numbers. Counters are
needed in object/products counters, digital stopwatches, calculators, timers
etc. To use the 7 segment with ease, there is a 7 segment driver IC which is IC
CD4026.

IC 4026:
4026 IC is a 4000 series IC. It is a CMOS seven-segment counter IC and can be
operated at very low power. It is a decade counter, counts in decimal digits (0-
9). It is used to display numbers on seven segment displays and it increment
the number by one, when a clock pulse is applied to its PIN 1. Means more the
clock pulse rate, faster the numbers change in 7 segment Display. Below is the
pin diagram and pin description of 4026 IC:

Pin
Name Description
number

Clock in, Increment the counter with each Positive clock

1 CLK
pulse (LOW to HIGH).

Clock inhibit - when low, clock pulses increment the

2 CI seven-segment. Freezes the counter when HIGH, active
HIGH.
 Display enable- chip will be ON when this pin is HIGH,
3 DE
and OFF if it is LOW.

4 DEO Display enable out - for chaining 4026s

The CARRY-OUT (Cout) signal completes one cycle every

ten CLOCK INPUT cycles and is used to clock the
5 CO
succeeding decade directly in a multi-decade counting
chain

6 F Connected to ‘f’ of the 7 segment.

7 G Connected to ‘g’ of the 7 segment.

8 VSS Ground PIN

9 D Connected to ‘d’ of the 7 segment.

10 A Connected to ‘a’ of the 7 segment.

11 E Connected to ‘e’ of the 7 segment.

12 B Connected to ‘b’ of the 7 segment.

13 C Connected to ‘c’ of the 7 segment.

Ungated C-segment - an output for the seven-

segment's C input which is not affected by the DE input.
14 UCS
This output is high unless the count is 2, when it goes
low.

Reset PIN, active HIGH. Reset the counter to 0 when

15 RST
HIGH.
 16 VDD Power supply PIN

Seven Segment Display:

It consists 8 LEDs, each LED used to illuminate one segment/line of the unit
and the 8th LED used to illuminate DOT in 7 segment display. We can refer each
line/segment "a, b, c, d, e, f, g" and for dot character we will use "h". There are
10 pins, in which 8 pins are used to refer a, b, c, d, e, f, g and h/dp, the two
middle pins are common anode/cathode of all the LEDs.
IC 4026 is used to drive common cathode 7 segment display. In common
cathode 7 segment display cathodes of all the LEDs are connected together,
and all the positive terminals are left alone.

WORKING:
 This is a simple visitor counter circuit that counts the number of visitors
entering or exiting an auditorium or any other place where you have installed
this circuit at the gates. On receiving an interrupt from light-dependent resistor
(LDR) sensors, the counter circuit increments the count and shows it on a 7-
segment display.
The circuit is built around popular CD4026 counter ICs (IC1 and IC2), light-
dependent resistor (LDR1), transistor BC547 (T1), common-cathode seven-
segment displays (DIS1 and DIS2) and a few other components. The advantage
of using CD4026 counter IC is that it drives a 7-segment display without the need
of a driver IC.

Working of the Circuit:

The resistance of LDR1 decreases when the intensity of light falling on it
increases and vice versa. In dark or absence of light, the LDR exhibits a resistance
in the range of mega-ohms, which decreases to a few hundred ohms in presence
of bright light.
 In this circuit, the amount of light falling on LDR1 decreases as a person
crosses the entrance/exit gate and his shadow falls on LDR1. Consequently, the
resistance of LDR1 increases to provide a clock pulse to pin 1 of IC1 through
transistor T1. During this time, LED1 stops glowing momentarily, indicating that
someone is entering or exiting the hall.
IC1 consists of a Johnson decade counter and an output decoder that
converts the Johnson code into a 7-segment decoded output for driving one
stage in a numerical display. When it receives a clock at pin 1, it advances the
count on display DIS1 by ‘one.’ Similarly, the count on the display advances by
‘one’ with each person entering through the gate. When the count reaches ‘9,’
one cycle completes.
Carry-out pin 5 of IC1 is connected to clock pin 1 of IC2 to cascade another
counter. On the next clock after count ‘9,’ it goes high to provide a clock pulse
to IC2, advancing its counter by one. Now IC1 starts all over again.
DIS1 shows the unit’s digit and DIS2 shows the ten’s digit of the count.
After completion of each cycle, ten’s digit advances by one. You can add more
CD4026 counters with 7-segment displays for further extending the display to
three digits, four digits, etc. For this, you have to connect carry-out pin 5 of each
CD4026 to clock pin 1 of the next CD4026 as shown in the circuit diagram. Pin
15 of both IC1 and IC2 are connected to ground through resistor R5. A reset
switch (S1) is connected to 6V for resetting the display to ‘00.’

OBSERVATIONS:

RESULT: