SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

Use Signal Words Sentences

Geniş Zaman
Affirmative/Negative/Question

• Evrensel/Genel doğrular Frequency Adverbs 1. I never forget a face.

I/you/we/they/Plural
• Günlük düzenli eylemler Always, 2. I always forget the names of new acquaintances.
A: I work.
• Sık eylemler, usually, 3. The sun rises in the east.
N: I do not work.
alışkanlıklar often, 4. Italians love cooking.
Q: Do you work?
Yes, I do. / No, I don't • Gelenek/adetler generally, 5. The English do not like travelling to cold countries for their

• Programlı eylemler frequently, holidays.

He/She/It Singular
sometimes, 6. The party starts at nine.
A: He works. • Hikaye , masal, anlatımı
occasionally, 7. What time does the morning lesson start?
N: He does not work.
rarely, 8. The adult human body contains 206 bones.
Q: Does he work?
seldom, 9. Light travels at almost 300,000 kilometres per second.
Yes, he does? / No, he doesn't?
hardly ever, 10. Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.

every day, 11. A horse walks into a bar, and the barman says, "why the

every month, long face?"

every week, 12. The bus leaves every 30 minutes.

once a week, 13. When I arrive home tomorrow, I will call you.

twice a month, 14. If I see Ann tomorrow, I will ask her.

once in two days, 15. Unlike humans, cows and horses sleep while standing up.

at times, 16. Electricity travels at the speed of light - more than 186,000

from time to time, miles per second.

on Fridays 17. Babies normally start walking sometime between 10 and 18

still, months.

nowadays, 18. The average American over the age of 2 spends more than

these days etc. 34 hours a week watching television.

19. Studies show that video gaming improves skills in vision,

attention and certain aspects of cognition.

20. Fish breathe through gills, and live in water; most are cold-

blooded and lay eggs.

21. During photosynthesis, plants take carbon dioxide out of

the atmosphere and replace it with oxygen

 
1  
 PRESENT CONT. TENSE
Use Signal Words Sentences
Şimdiki Zaman
Affirmative/Negative/Question
I am
• Konuşma anında Now 1. Car prices are getting higher nowadays /these days.
He
She is meydana gelen bir olay Right now 2. We are learning English now.

It için Just now 1. We're watching TV right now.

We
At present 2. At present my father is working abroad.
• Yakın gelecekte planlı
You are
eylemler için Presently 3. He is presently studying in Istanbul.
They
Singular is At the moment, 4. We're using my old computer for the time being.
• Şu anda geçici olan
Plural are Listen!, 5. The Director is currently having talks in the USA
olaylar
Look!, 6. She's not waiting here at the moment
A: I am working now. • Değişim dönüşüm ifade
these days, 7. Charles is taking three courses this year / this term.
N: I am not working now. eden için (get, grow
Q: Are you working now? nowadays, 8. China is currently building a series of big new synthetic gas
become..vb)
Yes, I am. / No, I am not. currently, plants to turn coal into natural gas

temporarily, 9. Nowadays people are getting more and more concerned

A: She is working now.
for the time being about the food.
N: She isn’t working now.
Q: Is she working now? still, 10. The majority of Syrian refugees are living in camps Jordan
Stative Verbs
Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t. more and more, and Lebanon for the time being.

• Adore, agree, appear day by day, 11. We often have dinner at home, but this time we are eating
(seem), appreciate, be this week/month/year out.
A: They are working now.
(exist), believe,
N: They aren’t working now. while.. etc. 12. The world is getting more peaceful overall, but many
• belong to, concern, consist
Q: Are they working now? of, contain, cost, deny, people are still suffering from violence today.

Yes, they are / No, they aren’t
depend on, deserve, detest, 13. We are using more and more electricity while the fossil
disagree, dislike, doubt,
fuels are running down.
equal, feel, hate, hear,
have (possession), imagine, 14. He is constantly talking in the lesson.

include, involve, know, 15. I don't like them because they are always complaining.
lack, like, look (seem), love,
16. He's continuously changing his mind.
matter, mean, measure,
17. They are flying to Paris next week.
mind, need, owe, own,
possess, promise, realize, 18. My dad is retiring in June.
recognize, remember,
resemble satisfy, see,
seem, smell, sound,
suppose, surprise, taste,
understand,
• think,(opinion), want, weigh,
wish

 
2  
 PAST TENSE
Use Signal Words Sentences
Geçmiş Zaman
Affirmative/Negative/Question
A: I worked yesterday.
• Geçmişte belirli bir yesterday, 1. We finished our final exam an hour ago.
N: I didn’t work yesterday.
Q: Did you work yesterday? zamanda tamamlanmış last Friday 2. Alexander Bell invented the telephone in 1876.

Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t. bir olay için. 2 years ago, 3. The Jurassic period lasted about 62 million years.

In 1960, 4. The ancient Greeks developed new ideas for government,

• Geçmiş alışkanlık.
A: She bought a car last month.
• Geçmiş düzenli rutin in the 1960s, science, philosophy, religion, and art.
N: She didn’t buy a car last
month. aktivite. during the 1960s, 5. My father worked at a bank from 1990 to 1995.

Q: Did she buy a car last Between 1960 and 6. World War II ended in 1945.
month? 90, 7. Romans built strong bridges.
Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t.
From 1990 to 2000, 8. The 'Hundred Years War' lasted 116 years.

During WW II 9. When I arrived home last night, I called her.

formerly, 10. Ottoman Empire once ruled three continents.

previously, 11. The first written language developed in Mesopotamia

originally 12. Originally, the Chinese traded silk within the empire, from

initially, the interior to the western borders

early, earlier, 13. In East Asia, early settlers used markings on turtle shells

the earliest and bones as an early form of record keeping.

until recently, 14. The Soviet Union and the US did not have actual battles

in ancient times during the Cold War.

in antiquity 15. There is no doubt that in ancient times there were

once commercial ties between West Africa and Egypt.

the first…etc. 16. Until recently, scientists believed that the sole source of

energy responsible for life on earth was the sun.

 
3  
 PAST CONT. TENSE
Use Signal Words Sentences

Affirmative/Negative/Question

I
• Geçmişte belirli while, 1. I was studying when Danny called me.
He
She was zamanda süren bir olayı as, 2. She was answering an important e-mail when I interrupted

It anlatmak için. just as her.

We
when, 3. While I was jogging, it started raining.
• Geçmişte eş zamanlı
You were
olarak devam eden iki at 5 o’clock 4. What was he doing when you walked into the room?
They
Singular was olayı anlatmak için yesterday, 5. John was waiting for us when we got off the train.

Plural were • Geçmişte çakışan iki at this time yesterday 6. I broke my leg while I was skiing.

olaydan süren olayı 7. I was watching TV while the children were playing outside.
A: I was working.
anlatmak için “Past 8. Were you listening while Kevin was explaining the new
N: I wasn’t working.
Q: Were you working? Continous Tense”, onu policy?

Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t. kesen anlık olayı 9. While Sarah was speaking to Fred, Peter was trying to get

anlatmak için “Simple her attention.

A: She was working.
Past Tense” kullanlır. 10. It started raining while I was jogging. / While I was jogging,
N: She wasn’t working.
Q: Was she working? § it started raining.

Yes, she was. / No, she wasn’t. 11. When it started raining, I was jogging. / I was jogging when

it started raining.

A: They were working. 12. Most of the Palestinians were killed while they were fighting

N: They weren’t working. against Israel.

Q: Were they working? 13. British didn't suffer from any partisan attacks while they

Yes, they were / No, they were fighting against Ottoman Empire.

weren’t 14. Some 25 workers were working on the project when the

incident occurred.

15. While they were analyzing data collected by seismographs,

they noticed a series of perplexing seismic waves.

 
4  
 PAST PERFECT TENSE
Use Signal Words Sentences

Affirmative/Negative/Question

A: He had worked. § Geçmişteki bir olaydan By the time V2, had3 1. When I woke up this morning, my roommate had left

N: He hadn’t worked. daha önce olmuş bir olayı By 1950, had V3 already.

Q: Had he worked? anlatmak için Already, 2. After I had eaten my dinner, I went to see a movie.

Yes, he had / No, he hadn’t just, 3. Before I arrived at the theatre, the movie had already

after, begun.

prior to, 4. Tom had interviewed five times before he got his first job.

A: I had worked. before that, 5. She had already eaten by the time they arrived.

N: I hadn’t worked. 6. By the time China began its economic transition, it had

Q: Had you worked? already introduced nearly universal access to preventative

Yes, I had / No, I hadn’t health.

7. Before the scientists made the first atomic bomb, Germany

had already surrendered and World War II in Europe was

over.

8. In 1994, China planned a broad strategy to achieve

sustainable development and by 1996, China had already

developed its first five-year plan on environmental

protection.

9. The world gold price increased sharply after Greek had

adopted measures to cope with a breakdown in talks

between Athens and its creditors.

10. In January 2013, the government announced that it had

reached a deal with creditors to restructure its $544 million

commercial external debt.

11. Portuguese politician denied that the EU had created

Greece's financial problems.

12. Greece had been under Ottoman occupation for almost

four centuries when it gained its independence in the

beginning of the 19th century

 
5  
 PAST PERFECT CONT.
Use Signal Words Sentences
TENSE
Affirmative/Negative/Question

A: He had been speaking. § Geçmişteki bir olaydan By the time V2, had3 1. They had been waiting for an hour before we arrived.

N: He had not been speaking. daha once olmuş bir olayı By 1950, had V3 2. She had been working at that trading company for five

Q: Had he been speaking? anlatmak için years before she moved to their rival company.

3. I had been trying to contact Sarah for two hours before she
§ süre özellikle vurgulanır
called me?

4. I had been studying medicine for two years before you

dropped out.

5. Peter was tired because he had been working for more

than eighteen hours.

6. He failed the test because he had not been studying.

7. I had been playing tennis for five years before the injury.

8. During 19th century, Iran irreversibly lost many of its

territories in the Caucasus and it had been ruling them

constantly for millennia.

9. The government had been working to find a sustainable,

long-term water supply for 15 years when it developed a

new water carrying system.

 
6  
 PRESENT PERFECT.
Use Signal Words Sentences
TENSE
Affirmative/Negative/Question
I have V3
• Zaman belirtmeksizin already, 1. I have lost my mobile phone.
He
She has V3 geçmişte tamamlanmış ever, 2. Mary has fixed my computer

It eylemler. just, 3. You haven't eaten very much.

We
• Yakın geçmişte olan never, 4. I haven't read this letter yet.
You have V3
ancak sonuçları ve not yet , 5. I've played tennis 3 times already this week
They
Singular has V3 etkileri süren olayları still, 6. She's been back to Korea twice already this year.

Plural have V3 anlatmak için since, 7. Sorry, I've seen that film already.

• Konuşma anına kadar for, 8. I've lived in Germany since 1986.

A: I have worked.
süren olaylar. this week/ month 9. She's had a lot of bad luck recently.
N: I haven’t worked.
Q: Have you worked? • Tamamlanmış fakat this year, 10. I haven't seen my mother for 2 months.

Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t. etkisi süren görülen lately , recently , 11. You haven't finished the exercise yet.

olaylar 12. She hasn't called me lately.

A: She has worked.
• Zaman belirtmeksizin so far, till now, 13. Have you ever seen a ghost?
N: She hasn’t worked.
geçmişte belirsiz up to now, up until 14. Has he lived here all his life?
Q: Has she worked?
Yes, she has. / No, she hasn’t. zamanda olan olaylar now, to date, thus far, 15. Esther Miller has become the first person to make 2 million

contributions to Wikipedia.

A: They have worked. over the last ..years, 16. For the past five years, health-care costs have grown at

N: They haven’t worked. over the past.. years, roughly the same rate as the rest of the economy.

Q: Have they worked? for a long time, 17. Recent experiments have revealed that pigeons are

Yes, they have / No, they for the last/past three capable of detecting the Earth's magnetic field and can use

haven’t days, it to orient and possibly to navigate.

in the last two years, 18. Since the country ratified the treaty, it has not done much

in the past two years, to advance the standing of women in the nation.

19. To date, Ebola has affected more than 20,000 people with

during the history over 7,800 deaths, mainly in Guinea and Liberia.

20. Young people have fully embraced the use of information

in the course of and communication technologies to maintain contact with

history, friends and make new ones lately.

21. During the history, human inventions have dramatically

during the past two increased the average amount of energy available for use

months, per person.

22. The democratic states have signed international human

during the last two rights treaties and but they haven't still made enough

months, promotion of these rights among their population.

23. It is the first time a country has taken the top four places at

It’s the first time…. an Olympic Winter Games since East Germany did it in

etc. 1972.

It’s the best ….. 24. Although cosmetics tests on animals have been banned in

the EU since 2009, companies could still profit from the

sales of such products if the testing was done elsewhere.

 
7  
 PRESENT PERFECT
Use Signal Words Sentences
CONT. TENSE
Affirmative/Negative/Question
I have been Ving
• Geçmişte başlamış Since 1. I have been living in this house for 40 years.
He
She has been Ving konuşma anına kadar For 2. I have been climbing up this mountain for over two hours

It sürmüş muthemelen Lately 3. I have been waiting for you since 10 am.
We
devam edecek olaylar Recently 4. I’ve been thinking about you since you called.
You have been Ving
• Yakın zamanda bitmiş All day/week/year 5. He’s been singing for two hours.
They
Singular has been Ving fakat etkisi görülebilen The whole day 6. We’ve been helping her out for a few months.

Plural have been Ving olaylar 7. Tony has been listening to the news ever since the conflict

began.
A: I have been working.
8. The country has been experiencing political and internal
N: I haven’t been working.
Q: Have you been working. instability and a civil war since 1983.

Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t. 9. The country has been suffering from war, instability and

natural and humanitarian disasters.

A: She has been working.
10. Much of Australia has been suffering from extreme drought
N: She hasn’t been working.
Q: Has she been working? for around 14 years

Yes, she has. / No, she hasn’t. 11. Google has revealed that it has been working on a top-

secret drone delivery program for the last two years

A: They have been working. 12. We have been conducting researches and providing

N: They haven’t been working. technical consultancies on health system strengthening in

Q: Have they been working? connection with WHO policies and strategies.

Yes, they have / No, they 13. Lately, companies have been taking advantage of low

haven’t interest rates to borrow cheaply and buy back stocks.

14. For many years, our partners and our company have been

developing variety of products and formulations for

sustainable agricultural plant production.

 
8  
 FUTURE TENSE
Use Signal Words Sentences
Gelecek Zaman
Affirmative/Negative/Question
A: He will work tomorrow.
• Tahmin, varsayım next …, 1. I won’t tell anyone your secret.
N: He will not work tomorrow.
• Gelecekten planlı tomorrow, 2. I’ll give you a ride home after work
N: He won’t work tomorrow.
Q: Will he work tomorrow? eylemler two weeks later; 3. Brazil’s economy will continue to grow over the next 10
• Olasılık in 2050, years.
Yes, he wil / No, he won’t
• Söz verme shortly, 4. The meeting will begin at 9.00 a.m. Drinks will be available
• Teklif
briefly, from 8.30 onwards.
I am going to V1
• Plan, karar, niyet
He soon, 5. Tomorrow will be warm and sunny everywhere.

She is going to V1 before long, 6. It looks as if it is going to rain.

It in/within two weeks, 7. I am excited because I am going to Bali next summer.
We
in a year, 8. The Government will introduce an early bill for a
You are going to V1
They referendum on the UK's membership of the European

Singular is going to V1 Union before the end of 2017.

Plural are going to V1 9. We hope that the government will enact the law to protect

our children from the devastating effects of smoking.

A: I am going to work.
N: I am not going to work. 10. In the next century or so, one in six species of plants and

Q: Are you going to work? animals will become extinct in South America, New
Yes, I am. / No, I am not. Zealand, and Australia.

11. Non-native insects and diseases will likely create more

A: She is going to work.
forest health issues around the world within the next 50
N: She isn’t going to work.
Q: Is she going to work? years.
Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t. 12. We're not that important in the history of the whole

universe, and we're going to go extinct before long.

A: They are going to work. 13. The EU is going to be the biggest economy, leading
N: They aren’t going to work. techno-power and the biggest superpower of the 22nd

Q: Are they going to work? century.

Yes, they are / No, they aren’t 14. Temperature rises resulting from unchecked climate

change will be at the severe end of those projected in

2100.

15. The scientists claim that the Earth will no longer have clean

food and other crucial resources by the year 2100.

 
9  
 FUTURE CONT. TENSE
Use Signal Words Sentences
Gelecek Zaman
Affirmative/Negative/Question
A: He will be working tomorrow
Gelecekte belirli bir zamanda next …, 1. He will be taking up her place at the University of Oxford
N: He will not be working.
N: He won’t be working. devam eden bir olayı tomorrow, next October

Q: Will he be working anlatmak two weeks later; 2. Dr. Jones will be giving the same talk in room 193 at 10.00
tomorrow?
in 2050, next Thursday

Yes, he wil / No, he won’t shortly, 3. We will be leaving for Istanbul at 7.00 in the evening.

briefly, 4. By 2050 it is estimated that we will be consuming the

I am going to be Ving soon, resources of two planets

He before long, 5. In the near future human beings will be living in a world
She is going to be Ving in/within two weeks, where all objects such as electronic appliances are
It
in a year, networked to each other.
We
You are going to be Ving 6. The children will be learning about the impact of alcohol,

They smoking and drugs have on the heart and lungs next term.
Singular is going to be Ving 7. 25 years from now, all the countries will be using birth
Plural are going to be Ving
control measure to curb the growing population.

A: I am going to be working. 8. We will be using alternative forms of energy in the future.

N: I am not going to be working. 9. As technology develops, we will be using alternative

Q: Are you going to be working ingredients as a base for our meals
Yes, I am. / No, I am not.

A: She is going to be working.

N: She isn’t going to be working
Q: Is she going to be working
Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t.

A: They are going to be working

N: They aren’t going to be

working.

Q: Are they going to be

working?

Yes, they are / No, they aren’t

 
10  
 FUTURE PERF. TENSE
Use Signal Words Sentences
Affirmative/Negative/Question

A: He will have worked. • Gelecekte belirli bir By 2100, will have V3 1. By next June I will have gone to Spain.

N: He will not have worked. olaydan daha once 2. By the time the guests arrive, we will have prepared

N: He won’t have worked. olacak olan bir olayı By the time Simple everything.

Q: Will he have worked? anlatmak için Present, will have V3 3. You will have learnt enough German to communicate with

Yes, he will / No, he won’t the delegates by the day of the conference.

Before 4. How many cities will you have visited by the time you

By tomorrow retire?

By7o'clock 5. I will have been in Tokyo for three months before you visit.

By next month 6. I will have written a book before I’m 40.

by then 7. By the time we get to the theatre, the movie will have

Until/till started.

Within 50 years 8. We will have travelled to 12 different countries by 2020.

9. We will almost certainly have discovered sustainable

renewable energy sources by the time fossil fuels run out.

10. By 2100 we will have made substantial efforts to protect

ecosystem services.

11. Within 1000 years the Earth will have exhausted its

resources and no longer be habitable for humanity.

12. If we continue at our current rate of forest loss, we will have

destroyed more than half of the Earth’s forests within a

century.

13. Before the students complete 10 week of the school year,

they will have learned the entire alphabet thoroughly.

14. By the year 2050, scientists will have discovered the cure

for many diseases like AIDS and cancer.

 
11  
 FUTURE PERF. Use Signal Words Sentences

CONT.TENSE
Affirmative/Negative/Question

A: He will been have working. • Gelecekte belirli bir By 1. You will have been waiting for more than two hours when

N: He will not have been olaydan daha once By the time she finally arrives.

working olacak olan bir olayın ne Before 2. We will have been talking for over an hour by the time my

N: He won’t have been working. kadar sürdüğünü By tomorrow parents arrive.

Q: Will he have been working? anlatmak için By7o'clock 3. Peter will have been teaching at the university for more

Yes, he will / No, he won’t By next month than a year by the time he leaves for Japan.

by then 4. How long will you have been studying when you graduate?

Until/till 5. I will have been working in the company for five years next

Within 50 years month.

6. By the time she graduates, she will have been studying for

7 years.

7. By 7 PM, I will have been working on this project for eight

hours straight.

8. By this time next year, they will have been living in Japan

for two decades.

9. By 2020, scientists will have been studying that bacteria for

over 40 years

 
12  
 STATIVE  VERBS  

agree

I don’t agree with you on nuclear energy.

appear

Bulgaria appears to have strong potential for U.S. companies

Believe

Some experts believe that malaria has killed more people in history than any other disease

belong

This small island belongs to Denmark but is located between Sweden and Germany in the Baltic Sea

consist

The Earth's atmosphere consists of five layers: the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere and exosphere

contain

Left side of human body contains different types of body part including left side chest, left side abdomen, left side
neck and much more.

depend

I strongly think that the success depends upon the hard work, smartness, talent but some people say that it depends
upon the astrology, birth time and birth-place.

deserve

Children deserve care and love and good parents

disagree

Some scientists disagree with Hawking as he does not really provide any concrete evidence to support his theory

Dislike

Many kids simply dislike the texture, colour, or taste of some foods

doubt

Some politicians doubt the science behind global warming.

feel (=have an opinion)

A lot of nutritionists feel that diabetes can be contained or even cured without medication.

hate

Many students hate math because they have the feeling that math is a hard subject.

imagine

Fear and anxiety thrive when we imagine the worst.

 
13  
Impress

The quality of a product always impresses consumers a lot.

include

GM food includes at least one ingredient that comes from a plant that has a genetically modified gene.

involve

Developing a curriculum involves many steps and produces many questions throughout the process

Know

We all know that exercising and remaining active benefit the brain in a number of ways

like

Many experts suggest that younger children like play and imaginative games

love

The children at nursery love cooking with fresh produce

mean

The greenhouse effect means that in general, the planet is getting hotter

measure (=be long)

From the ground to the top of the torch Statue of Liberty measures 93 metres, and weighs 204 metric tonnes.

mind

Parents usually don't mind to hand over their smart-phones to their kids for few minutes.

need

Plants need water and certain mineral nutrients to remain healthy.

owe

Western intellectual tradition owes a great debt to the Arabic scholars in terms of understanding Aristotle's thought.

prefer

Employers usually prefer candidates with some level of industrial experience

promise

Many students promise themselves to do practice tests and study hard , but they actually can’t do.

realise

The teachers realise the importance of feedback for children on their work so that they can aim to achieve higher
standards

recognise

The food-mood connection has been the subject of recent research, and many experts now recognize that certain foods
have a powerful effect on mood.
 
14  
remember

Most dogs remember what their previous owners.

seem

Children with autism seem indifferent to other people, and often seem to prefer being alone.

sound

Although stem cells sounds innovative and cutting edge, this therapy has been around for quite some time.

suppose

Scientists suppose that Mars appeared simultaneously with the Earth

surprise

It surprises many that there are folk in the UK who cannot afford to eat themselves or feed their children.

understand

Today, many firms understand how consumer's opinions are extremely important

want

The EU wants to develop a new model of city, investing for sustainable and territorial development

weigh (=have weight)

Normally a new-born baby weighs between 2kg750 and 4kg500

wish

Many parents wish their children to have a mobile phone in case of emergencies

have

Turkey has an abundant workforce and the necessary infrastructure for the development of multiple investment
projects in various sectors.

 
15  
  
TENSE  UYUMU  
 

After  

Before     S      +      V      +      O  ,                                  S      +      V      +      O  

When       Present     ,     Present    

As  soon  as   Present     ,   Future  

Until     Past     ,   Past  

When  I  arrive  home,  I  always  have  a  shower.  When+Present,  Present  

When  I  arrive  home  tonight,  I  will  have  a  shower.  When+Present,  Future  

When  I  arrived  home  last  night,  I  had  a  shower.  When+  Past,  Past  

When  I  arrrive  home,  I  will  call  you.  

I  will  call  you  when  I  arrive  home.  

When  

He  was  talking  on  the  phone  when  I  arrived  home  last  night.  

When  she  called  us  yesterday,  we  had  already  eaten  lunch.  

I  washed  the  dishes  when  my  daughter  fell  asleep.  

We'll  go  to  lunch  when  you  come  to  visit  us  tomorrow.  

Before  

We  will  finish  the  project  before  he  arrives  tomorrow.  

She  (had)  left  the  office  before  I  telephoned  her.  

After  

We  will  finish  the  project  after  he  comes.  

She  ate  after  I  (had)  left.  

After  I  have  finished  studying,  I  will  go  abroad.  

While,  As,  Just  as  

She  began  cooking  while  I  was  finishing  my  homework.  

As  I  was  finishing  my  homework,  she  began  cooking.  

While  I  am  studying,  I  usually  listen  to  the  radio.  

 
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By  the  time  

By  the  time  he  arrived  home,  I  had  cooked  dinner.  

We  will  have  finished  our  homework  by  the  time  they  arrive.  

Until,  till  

We  waited  until  he  finished  his  homework.  

I'll  wait  till  you  finish.  

Since  ,  Ever  since  

I  have  played  tennis  since  I  was  a  young  boy.  

They  have  worked  here  since  1987.  

As  soon  as,  Once,  The  moment  

He  will  let  us  know  as  soon  as  he  decides    

As  soon  as  I  hear  from  Tom,  I  will  give  you  a  telephone  call.  

Whenever,  every  time  

Whenever  he  comes,  we  eat  out.  

We  take  a  hike  every  time  he  visits  us.  

As  long  as,  so  long  as  

I  will  keep  learning  English  for  as  long  as  it  is  necessary.  

 
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 TEST  1  

1. Nowadays, people ----- constantly around for job reasons and for leisure. ( move )
2. Prior to the 19th century, personal vehicles usually ---- horse-drawn carriages, but during the 19th century,
manufacturers ----- cheaper, lighter vehicles. (mean / develop )
3. When the bicycle ---- in the late 1880s, Americans ----it enthusiastically as it offered great personal mobility at
low cost. ( arrive / embrace)
4. When Europeans first ----- on the American continent, they ----it as a vast, empty space for people, buildings and
farms. ( reach / see)
5. Since automobiles ---- widespread, 40,000 to 50,000 Americans ---- annually in auto accidents. ( become / die )
6. In 1910, the United States ---- one of the world’s great public transportation systems: 353,000 miles of railroad
track knitted states and cities together, carrying over 970 million passengers (have )
7. Communication ---- certainly ----- a lot over the past 150 years.( change). When first Europeans ------ to America,
the only form of communication ----- through letters. ( come / to be). But even before that Native Americans -----
smoke signals to communicate with one another (use ).
8. In the 1870s, two relatively unheard of inventors of this time, Alexander Graham Bell and the less known Elisha
Gary, both independently ----- devices that could transmit speech electrically (design.)
9. For decades, agricultural science ----- on boosting production through the development of new technologies. (
focus)
10. Millions of people still ----- on traditional bio-energy like wood or charcoal for cooking and heating. ( depend )
11. Obesity and chronic diseases ----- across the world because of people eating too much of the wrong foods. (
increase)
12. After its introduction from South America to Spain in the late 1500s, the potato ----- an important staple crop
throughout Europe by the late 1700s. (become)
13. Despite the tremendous gains in agricultural productivity, famines ---- to sweep the globe through the 20th
century. ( continue)
14. Early people ---- altering communities of flora and fauna for their own benefit through means such as farming
very early. (begin)
15. Recent discoveries in Europe ---- that farming ---- early in south east Europe. ( show / start)
16. Agriculture ----- for 70% of withdrawals of freshwater resources. (account )
17. Since the 1940s, agricultural productivity ---- dramatically, due largely to the increased use of energy-intensive
mechanization, fertilizers and pesticides. ( increase)
18. By the end of the Neolithic period in the 6th millennium B.C., ancient people ----- many of the major food plants .
( domesticate)
19. While Pasteur ---- on developing the vaccine, his three daughters --- but these monumental tragedies ---- him
from carrying on his work. (work / die / not stop )
20. After the experts ------------- out many methods without result, they decided to give up the study. ( try)

 
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 TEST  2  

1. As soon as they ----- the swimmers were in distress, the captain and other ferry staff launched a workboat and
rescued the two swimmers.
A ) will notice B ) were noticing C ) had noticed D ) notice

2. Before he discovered penicillin, Fleming ----- a reputation as a brilliant researcher.

A ) had developed B ) was developing C ) has developed D ) develop

3. Before a scientist -------- a project, he usually reads what other scientists have learned about the topic.
A ) will begin B ) began C ) is beginning D ) begins

4. Latvia ---- significant change since the country gained its independence several years ago
A ) underwent B ) had undergone C ) undergo D ) has undergone

5. The West ---- China with great respect until it developed a nuclear weapon
A ) doesn’t treat B ) didn’t treat C ) wasn’t treating D ) hasn’t treated

6. At the conference, while he was expressing his ideas, he ---- traditional resources by many methods.
A ) had used B ) will use C ) use D ) used

7. Archaeological evidence indicates that agricultural developments ----10,000 or more years ago.
A ) occurred B ) had occurred C ) were occurring D ) have occurred

8. Agriculture ---- an important aspect of economics throughout the history

A ) had been B ) has been C ) was D ) is

9. In a broad sense agriculture ----- cultivation of the soil, breeding and raising of livestock, and forestry.
A ) will include B ) included C ) includes D ) has included

10. When a country ----, it basically gets better for the inhabitants, and their quality of life improves
A ) developed B ) had developed C ) develops D ) will develop

11. The United States entered World War II when it ----- war against Japan
A ) was declaring B ) declared C ) had declared D ) has declared

12. Before people ---- growing food on farms, they travelled from places to places to find something to eat..
A ) started B ) had started C ) were starting D ) start

13. Once children ---- to read, parents often encourage their children to read on their own and stop reading to their
children
A ) will learn B ) are learning C ) learned D ) learn

14. Most Western European countries changed the start of the year to 1 January before they ---------- the Gregorian
calendar.
A ) adopt B ) adopted C ) had adopted D ) have adopted

15. Most China ------- at about 9% per annum and its goods and services are rapidly rising in quality and value.
A ) grew B ) had grown C ) has been growing D ) was growing

 
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 TEST  3  

1. After the team finishes the project, they ----- to study on new nanotechnology project next month.
A ) will intend B ) intend C ) will have intended D ) are intending

2. By the time the scientists develops a cure for AIDS, many people ----- from the disease around the world.
A ) will have died B ) die C ) are dying D ) had died

3. When we ----- on Mars in the next century, we will create an advanced community on the planet.
A ) will settle B ) settle C ) settled D ) will have settled

4. When explorers discovered the Americas, Europeans ----- to this new land to settle permanently.
A ) was travelling B ) had travelled C ) travelled D ) have travelled

5. Until children read fluently, they ----- through verbal instruction.

A ) have learned B ) are learning C ) learn D ) will learn

6. Before he started his own firm, Mark ----- for various private and public sector firms.
A ) has worked B ) had worked C ) was working D ) works

7. U.S. President Barack Obama and Chinese President Xi Jinping ---- nuclear arms reduction when they meet this
week in California.
A ) discuss B ) will have discussed C ) have discussed D ) will discuss

8. Europeans ---- a serious impact on native plants, animals, land and sea after they settled in New Zealand.
A ) had B ) had had C ) was having D ) have had

9. Asus company has been one of the most innovative laptop manufacturers since they ----- the first net-book.
A ) has introduced B ) introduced C ) had introduced D ) introduces

10. While the police were checking on the alarm, they ----- that someone had entered the school and caused damage.
A ) realized B ) were realizing C ) had realized D ) have realized

11. When man ---- to plant seeds to grow crops, he didn’t move about in search of food any longer.
A ) will learn B ) has learned C ) learned D ) learns

12. Dogs were the earliest domesticated animal.  Humans and dogs ----- side by side for over 30,000 years.
A ) are existing B ) have existed C ) exist D ) existed

13. Plants ,animals and humans ---- on each other as well as microorganisms, land, water, and climate to keep our
entire system alive and well.
A ) are depending B ) depend C ) will depend D ) depended

14. In the last three decades in China, deaths from lung cancer ---- 465%.
A ) are rising B ) have risen C ) had risen D ) rise

15. On 19 July 1969, Jonh Faixfax ---- the first person to row solo across an ocean
A ) was becoming B ) had become C ) became D ) has become

 
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16. The kids were extremely disappointed when the committee cancelled the drama contest because they ----- for two
months to put on the play
A ) had been working B ) were working C ) have worked D ) worked

17.  In another hundred years, our descendants ---- new galaxies and move there to create new civilizations.
A ) will discover B ) discover C ) discovered D ) have discovered

18. Our planet ---- in the near future if we do not take steps to save it.
A ) isn’t existing B ) won't exist C ) doesn’t exist D ) won’t be existing

19. By the end of this century, scientists ----- miniature robots capable of performing microsurgery
A ) had created B ) will be creating C ) will have created D ) have created

20. Scientists ----- the link between stress and junk food for two decades.
A ) have been studying B ) are studying C ) were studying D ) had studied

21. In the late 1970s the U.S. economy faced an economic crisis. The country ---- from an oil embargo for a decade.
A ) has suffered B ) suffered C ) had suffered D ) was suffering

22. Before early explorers brought the potato to Europe, Indians ---- potatoes for 10,000 years Andes in Latin
America.
A ) have grown B ) grew C ) were growing D ) had been growing

23. The Roman Empire once ----- all the way from modern-day Scotland to modern-day Syria and Armenia .
A ) stretched B ) had stretched C ) have stretched D ) was stretching

24. In the UK an average person ---- 130 litres of drinking quality water each day.
A ) is consuming B ) consumes C ) has consumed D ) will consume

25. Many anthropologists argue that the age of dinosaurs ----- 170 million years or more
A ) was lasting B ) lasted C ) had lasted D ) has lasted

26. According to research results, the difference in the behaviour of the students ---- from their individual differences
namely inherited properties, family, social environment.
A ) stems B ) is stemming C ) has stemmed D ) stemmed

 
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 TEST  4  

1. The first means of communication ------ (to be) the human voice but in 3,300 BC in Iraq Sumerians ----- (invent)
writing. In the Ancient World many civilizations including Egypt, Assyria, Persia, Rome and China ----- (have)
efficient postal systems to deliver messages to parts of their empires.

2. Over the last twenty years, the average size of households ----- dramatically. ( fall) The number of one person
households -----, due largely to the ageing of the population, as has the number of one parent families. (grow)
Couples having smaller families ----- also ------- to the fall in household size. (contribute)

3. In 1976, 60% of families ----- couples with children. (to be) By 1996, this ----- to 51%. (fall). Now, people -----
children later in life, and are living longer. ( have) . In 1981, 34% of children aged 20-24 ----- with their parents.
(live). By 1991, this ----- to 40%. (increase)

4. Prior to the development of plant cultivation, human beings ---- hunters and gatherers. (to be) Full dependency on
domestic crops and animals ----- until the Bronze Age. (not occur)

5. Since the first cases of AIDS were identified in 1981, more than 30 million people ---- from AIDS. (die) An
estimated 1.7 million people --- as a result of AIDS in 2011 alone. (die).

 
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