UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY

(DR. SANTIAGO G. ORTEGA MEMORIAL)

Iriga, City

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Parents as a Home School

Teacher in Modular Learning

By:
Ma. Jasmin B. Barela
Joyce Anne Genova
 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(DR. SANTIAGO G. ORTEGA MEMORIAL)
Iriga, City

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Chapter 1
The Problem

Introduction
There are many issues when it comes to the knowledge of parents as a

Homeschool Teachers in Modular Learning. However, the parent’s primary job is to

teach their child while the child’s primary job is to listen and to learn from their parents.

The present research was conducted to investigate the cause of lack of

knowledge of parents as a homeschool teachers. The main problem of this study is how

to help the parents to teach their child well in terms of modular learning nowadays. An

article states that children learn best when the significant adults in their lives – parents,

teachers, and other family and community members – work together to encourage and

support them. This basic fact should be a guiding principle as we think about how

parents should do and how children should be taught. Parents alone cannot address all

of a child’s developmental needs. The meaningful involvement of parents and support

from the community and teachers are essential. The need for a strong partnership

between schools and families to educate children may seem like common sense. In

simple times, this relationship was natural and easy to maintain. Teachers and Parents

were often neighbors and found many occasions to discuss a child’s progress. Children
 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(DR. SANTIAGO G. ORTEGA MEMORIAL)
Iriga, City

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

heard the same messages from teachers and parents and understood that they were

expected uphold the same standards at home and at school.

As society has become more intricate and requesting, however, these

connections have very frequently dropped off the radar. Neither teachers nor guardians

have sufficient opportunity to become more acquainted with each other and build up

working connections in the interest of kids. In numerous networks, guardians are

deterred from investing energy in study halls and instructors are relied upon to talk with

relatives just when a kid is in a tough situation. The outcome, in such a large number of

cases, is misconception, question, and an absence of regard, so when a kid falls behind,

instructors fault the guardians and guardians fault the educators. Simultaneously, our

general public has made fake differentiations about the jobs that guardians and

instructors should play in a youngster's turn of events. We will in general figure that

schools should adhere to showing scholastics and that house is where youngsters'

moral and enthusiastic advancement should occur.

However children don't quit finding out with regards to qualities and connections

when they enter a study hall, nor do they stop learning scholastics - and mentalities

about learning - when they are at home or somewhere else locally. They continually see

how the critical grown-ups in their lives treat each other, how choices are made and

executed, and how issues are settled. Every one of the encounters children have, both
 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(DR. SANTIAGO G. ORTEGA MEMORIAL)
Iriga, City

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

all through school, assist with molding their feeling that somebody thinks often about

them, their sensations of self-esteem and skill, their comprehension of their general

surroundings, and their convictions regarding where they fit into the plan of things.

Nowadays, it can take exceptional endeavors to construct solid connections among

families and teachers. Schools need to connect with families, causing them to feel

appreciated as full accomplices in the instructive interaction. Families, thus, need to

make a responsibility of time and energy to help their youngsters both at home and at

school.The work engaged with restoring these associations is definitely justified, as

numerous networks the nation over - incorporating those we work with - are finding.

Our experience is that critical and significant parent inclusion is conceivable, alluring,

and important in further developing understudy development and execution.

Parents often tell me, "I'd love to homeschool my kids, but I don't think I'm

qualified." Other parents are intrigued by homeschooling, but couldn't possibly imagine

themselves as both parent and teacher. Is it possible for average parents to take on the

enormous job of educating their children? Aren't years of specialized training required

to become a good teacher? The answer to both of these questions is "yes." How is that

possible? Because learning at home is very different from learning in a classroom. To

teach in today's classrooms, educators certainly do need years of specialized training.

 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(DR. SANTIAGO G. ORTEGA MEMORIAL)
Iriga, City

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Large groups of kids with different interests and abilities spend six or seven hours a day

together memorizing blocks of often abstract information.

On the other hand, children who learn at home have the freedom to choose

when, where, and how they learn. The only credentials parents need for this type of

teaching are a strong desire to help their children achieve academic excellence and a

belief that their kids can and will succeed. This sounds like a simple process, but how

does a parent become a good teacher?

Self-teaching, found in this light, isn't about a parent turning into an instructor, in the

customary sense, yet a parent turning into an aide and an accomplice in the learning

experience. Fruitful home learning includes noticing your kid, taking cues from him, and

regarding his decisions. This should be possible inside the structure of center subjects

like perusing, math, and history - it's simply done innovatively.

The main role of a homeschooling parent is to act as an academic teacher, teaching

children a range of different topics. It can be hard teaching your children, as sometimes

they act up and refuse to listen. As children get older, however, there’s also the issue of

being able to understand the level of work that needs to be taught. You can opt to pass

over any complex work, such as mathematics at high school level, to an online tutor. As

your child’s teacher, it’s up to you to ensure that they are getting enough lesson time,

understanding their lessons and are on track with their learning.

 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(DR. SANTIAGO G. ORTEGA MEMORIAL)
Iriga, City

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Theoretical Framework

The study was premised on the Bruner’s Scaffolding Theory that children need

support and active help from their teachers and parents if they are going to become

independent learners as they are mature. According to Bruner’s Scaffolding Theory,

children are somewhat dependent on those who have more knowledge or competency

than they do in a certain areas, such as reading or calculating square roots, when they

begin learning. As students gain more independence and confidence, the help from

teachers and parents decreases until the students are independent learners, much as

scaffolding used to support construction workers and their materials is removed as a

building project nears completion.

In an elementary school classroom, for example, Bruner’s Scaffolding Theory can

be implemented as children learn how to read. At first, the teacher might do most or all

of the reading aloud to students, pronouncing all words for them, defining unfamiliar

vocabulary words, and explaining the meaning of the text. After the students have had

the teacher to model effective reading for them for a while, they will begin to be

assigned more independent reading, reading aloud in small groups as they tackle the

words and meanings but still asks questions.

In the field of education, the term scaffolding refers to a process in which

teachers model or demonstrate how to solve a problem, and then step back, offering
 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(DR. SANTIAGO G. ORTEGA MEMORIAL)
Iriga, City

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

support as needed. Psychologists and instructional designer Jerome Bruner first used

the term ‘scaffolding’ in this context back in 1960’s. The story is that when students are

given the support they need while learning something new, they stand a better chance

of using that knowledge independently. Bruner recommends positive interaction and

three modes of representation during teaching: actions, images and languages.

Students learn from experts by building or what they already know; each learner

background shapes how he/she learns. How children learns and think derives directly

from the culture around them, but that of a child perceive things much differently from

an adult. Children learns from building on what they already know to what they need to

know, with the help of adults. Many visual technology tools from video-based scenarios

to virtual reality, are designed to scaffolds students’ understanding through graphic

examples and real-life experiences relevant to their individual needs.

The paradigm or idea behind Bruner’s scaffolding theory can be used across all age and

grade levels and across all subject areas. In a high school math course, for example,

students might begin to learn how to solve quadratic equations or to prove a geometric

formula by listening to their teacher describe how to do it as she works examples for

them. They might then be asked to work independently or in groups to solve some of

these problems as their teacher circulates, helps them and then goes over the answers

with the entire class to check for accuracy. Once students have gained more
 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(DR. SANTIAGO G. ORTEGA MEMORIAL)
Iriga, City

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

independence and competency in these mathematical concepts, they might work in

groups where they teach and guide

one another or present problems and solutions to their class without help from their

instructor.
 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(DR. SANTIAGO G. ORTEGA MEMORIAL)
Iriga, City

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Theoretical Paradigm

Figure 1.

Parents is our first teacher even if we don’t go to school because they teach us not only

the lesson but also they teach us to mold and elevate ourselves as a good person.

Giving them a modular instruction help them to develop their knowledge in teaching

their children.
 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(DR. SANTIAGO G. ORTEGA MEMORIAL)
Iriga, City

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Conceptual Framework

The conceptual paradigm is presented in Figure 2 which serves as the research

guide for the study. The researcher uses the system to approach which shows the

interplay of three important elements.

Input. The input of the study included the Cause of lack of Knowledge of

parents as a homeschool teacher. The result of the questionnaire given to the parents

of Elementary students with Modular Learning status.

Process. Conduct survey using survey questionnaire and consist of analysis and

interpretation of data and test significant of relationship between the student and

parents.

Output. Parents as a Homeschool Teacher, Modular Instruction can be based

from the findings of the study.

Feedback Loop: The return to the input of a part of the output of a system or

process as for creating changes to provide corrective action.

 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(DR. SANTIAGO G. ORTEGA MEMORIAL)
Iriga, City

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

1.What educational
background they
finished?

2. What are cause of lack

of knowledge of parents
as a homeschool 1. Conduct survey
teacher? What using Questionnaire.
educational background 2. Consist of analysis Parents as a Home
they finished? and interpretation of School Teacher,
3.What are the data by use of mean Modular Instruction
challenges encountered rating.
by the homeschool
parents to teach their
child?

4. What are the

challenges of Modular
Instruction?

FEEDBACK

Conceptual Paradigm

Figure 2.
 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(DR. SANTIAGO G. ORTEGA MEMORIAL)
Iriga, City

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Statement of the Problem 

            The cause of lack of knowledge of parents as a home school teacher in

modular learning. Since were facing pandemic, during this time some students are

forced to stop their studies and some just don't have any choice but pursued their

studies despite the situation. So even though it's hard to just at first and

students as well just to accept this tryingng times.

            We have the so-called modular learning studying through the use of modules in

printed materials to be used as learning references. Sometimes unlocally is also possible

that the parents does not have a great deal interest in school or his child's education.

Return for lack of involvement is embarrassing The parents may be illiterate or unable

to speak English or can't perform any other subjects. There are also other depressions

or perceive barriers to spirit involvement in school programs and other school activities.

Some of this are a lot of parent education to help their children's school work cultural or

economic differences, language differences between parents and staff , attitude about

school, stuff attitude towards parents and concerns about safety in the area of their

school.This are all in the face to face education.

              
 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(DR. SANTIAGO G. ORTEGA MEMORIAL)
Iriga, City

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

 Modular teaching is more effective in teaching learning process as compared to

ordinary teaching methods. Because in this modular approach the students learn at

their own pace. Modular approach helps to maximize the chances of student

participation in classroom in respect to fulfill the given tasks at the spot.

             But since we are in the new normal education, I already said she's focusing on

the main causes of parents not involvement in their child's modular learning. And also

we are going to find possible solutions to some barriers that effect appearance ability to

become involved.

           Also sometimes good and financial concerns and our parents Major obstacle the

participation and their child

school activities. This look of belonging creates many barriers for parents. Diverse

linguistic and cultural practices.

Thanks for doing speak fluent English off and feel inadequate in school context.

Research from the national coalition for parent environment and education shares

that ," no mother dear income or background, students with involved parents are more

likely to have high grades in scores, but then school regularly, have better social skills,

show improved behavior and adapt well to school". This research is associated during

the first phase classes. In accordance reduce study, same emoji learning, Even students
 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(DR. SANTIAGO G. ORTEGA MEMORIAL)
Iriga, City

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

attend online classes are just using printed learning materials such as modules, support

and involvement is a must.

              Parents are partners of teachers in education, they are home facilitators at

the tagapagdaloy ( channel ).

But they will not totally teach the subject matter. The primary role in the modular

learning is to establish a

connection and guide the child.

              Scholars generally agree that modular degrees how many advantages for

students in terms of their

capability to offer flexibility, choice, access and mobility. It is widely argued that module

or structures may be

beneficial to universities in that they potentially allow institutions to respond to the

needs of employees as well as

the students.

           
 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(DR. SANTIAGO G. ORTEGA MEMORIAL)
Iriga, City

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

                Well, some have also disadvantages or modular learning like, not all

students to their modules wholeheartedly, some parents spoil their children and do the

deed instead of their children, and also vice versa, some students tend to copy their

answers from the others without reading the module, in many students as they actually

never learn from modules.

              Conclusions showed that there are significant differences between modular

and traditional in general comprehension. Mean challenges that the students have

encountered our self studying, poor internet connection, lack of sleep and time to

answer all the modules due to the great number of activities, distractions and lack of

focus. Findings to tweeted that students thought through modular approach gained

higher mean score in teacher-made general comprehension based tests than students

taught through traditional approach.

                  Using a difference-in-differences framework with diverse adoption dates

per school, the results indicate that modular education may significantly reduce school

dropout by 2.5 percentage points, with the largest effects on foreign origin

students.This study concurs with the general body of knowledge that distance

education can be just as good as traditional face-to-face education. No significant

differences were found between pre-test scores, homework grades, research paper
 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(DR. SANTIAGO G. ORTEGA MEMORIAL)
Iriga, City

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

grades and final course grades.

                  Unlike online distance learning, modular learning is a form of individualized

instruction where students can use self learning modules like textbooks, ebooks, activity

sheets & study guides.

                Modular learning also enables lifelong learning because working

professionals are able to learn new skills in a shorter amounts times even while they

work. They will be able to combine humanity skills with technical skills, communication

skills with coding skills, analytical skills with design skill and others. Parent's support

and help in this mode of learning is really important.There are actually lessons which

are not found in the modules but the students learn this pandemic. These are the

values of making an effort, time management, discipline and experimentation.

         First ,by being engage with the child to increase the child's perception of

cognitive competence and by being engage with the teacher and school to promote a

stronger and more positive student -teacher relationship.

 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(DR. SANTIAGO G. ORTEGA MEMORIAL)
Iriga, City

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

 Hypothesis

  They point out that parents generally became less involved as their

children grow older for many reasons:

schools are bigger, further from home, to curriculum is more sophisticated ,each

student has several teachers ,parents of older students are more likely to be

employed ,and students are beginning to establish ,these studies are when the studies

course face-to-face. Findings from the present study demonstrated that increased

parents involvement defined, as the teachers perception of positive attitude, parents

have to order children's education. Teachers and school was significantly related to

increased academic performance measured, both a standardized achievement

tests .Also quality of student-teacher relationship fully mediated, the relation between

parent involvement and teacher ratings of child's classroom academic

performance.Limitations of parent involvement of text academic performance of

students even in modular type of learning.

                  Therefore, it is important to examine factors that contribute to early

academic success and that marable to change . Parent-child interactions specifically,

stimulating and responsive parenting practices, are important influences on a child's

academic development ,by examining specific parenting practices that are amenable to

change such as parent involvement and conditions, by which these are the parents
 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(DR. SANTIAGO G. ORTEGA MEMORIAL)
Iriga, City

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

primary role in modular distance learning ,establish connection and guide the child.

When parents and teachers communicate with one another, they are able to work

together towards this common goal ,and when each party contribute their own specific

skills and knowledge toward meeting the objectives. And parent can contribute and

help with the modular distance learning by staying in contact with teachers. Parents can

make it easier on their kids if they maintain open lines of communication with their

child's teacher.

                       For those students who experience anxiety during these pandemic,

online education is the perfect alternative. Online education provides a way for students

to learn the important and required information without being forced to be surrounded

by other people. This will reduce their social anxiety levels and help them live a better

quality of life.

                      Online courses can be wonderful educational opportunities for students

whose schedules or situations do not permit them to attend classes in classrooms.

However, they are generally not easier than in-person classes and are often more

difficult.But still, students receiving in-person instruction have fewer distractions,

increased concentration, and can receive more direct, personalized learning experiences

that keep them from falling behind.

 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(DR. SANTIAGO G. ORTEGA MEMORIAL)
Iriga, City

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

   Modular distance learning ,parents incredible challenges and opportunities for

teachers, students and also parents .Even everyone circumstances are different, more

focused and independent learning from home is easier for some students and families

than others.

                          While no one is sure yet how long distance only learning will

continue, we know that i won't last forever. Children and young cues from adult

behavior and attitudes so it is important to communicate calm, confidence and

optimism that everyone will pull through the crisis together .

                     Perceived cognitive competence is defined as the extent to which

children believe that they possess the necessary cognitive skills to be successful when

completing academic task ,such as reading ,writing ,arithmetic and even during modular

type of learning.

                     We all know that the proper role of parent is to provide encouragement,

support and access to activities that enable the child to master key developmental task.

In this role you can give directions, impose roles, use discipline ,set limits ,establish and

follow through consequences ,hold your children accountable for the behavior and

teach values ,you provide guidance that helps your children to change grow and

mature.
 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(DR. SANTIAGO G. ORTEGA MEMORIAL)
Iriga, City

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

                       Also the primary function of family specially parents is to ensure

the continuation of society both biologically ,trough procreation and socially ,through

socialization .From the point of view ,parents ,the family's primary purpose is

procreation the family functions to produce and socialize children.

Assumptions

With the emergence of the pandemic, the task to educate students has become

more challenging because schools are temporarily halted and the DepEd saw that

parents could be vital in fulfilling the learning continuity.In a distance learning

approach, parents would have to play an active role in the learning process. They would

be the one to facilitate and guide their children through the modular lessons that would

be sent to students while doing remote learning. Just like the rest of the country, many

have preferred to do modular learning due to the absence of a gadget that can be used

to access their lessons.Offline learning is for those students who have gadgets but do

not have access to the internet.

                     Online learning can be as good or even better than in-person classroom

learning. Research has shown that students in online learning performed better than

those receiving face-to-face instruction, but it has to be done right.As the Modular
 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(DR. SANTIAGO G. ORTEGA MEMORIAL)
Iriga, City

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Distance Learning is implemented to every public school some say it is easy to adopt. If

teachers and schools will just have to distribute and not to be bothersome of any

interventions for students to learn then the use of module perse could be found the

easiest to implement.

                       Scholars generally agree that modular degrees have many advantages

for students in terms of their capacity to offer flexibility, choice, access and mobility.It is

also widely argued that modular structures may be beneficial to universities in that they

potentially allow institutions to respond to the needs of employers .As the Modular

Distance Learning is implemented to every public school some say it is easy to adopt. If

teachers and schools will just have to distribute and not to be bothersome of any

interventions for students to learn then the use of module perse could be found the

easiest to implement.

                         Yes, and in many ways online learning is more effective than face to

face learning. As research shows 80% of organizations believe their use of digital

learning will remain the same, increase or decrease only slightly as restrictions on live

training ease.

          Modular teaching is more effective in teaching learning process as compared to

ordinary teaching methods. Because in this modular approach the students learn at
 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(DR. SANTIAGO G. ORTEGA MEMORIAL)
Iriga, City

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

their own pace. Modular approach helps to maximize the chances of student

participation in classroom in respect to fulfill the given tasks at the spot.

                      Research shows that online classes can be better at engaging students,

increasing retention rates up to 60% in some cases while video content is predicted to

account for 80% or more of all global web activity by 2020.And that's what makes the

self study route so difficult. There may be no teacher or guidance, but you are learning

something simply out of interest. You are learning material that you truly want to

understand, rather than being forced to cram it to meet a deadline.But, chances of

distraction is high: with no faculty around for face-to-face interaction and no classmates

who can help with constant reminders about pending assignments, the chances of

getting distracted and losing track of deadlines are high.

                          Conclusions showed that there were significant differences between

modular and traditional in general comprehension of students'. Findings depicted that

students taught through modular approach gained higher mean score in teacher made

general comprehension-based test than students taught through traditional approach.

                          Modular Programming allows development to be divided by splitting

down a program into smaller programs in order to execute a variety of tasks. This

enables developers to work simultaneously and minimizes the time taken for

development.Students can learn at their own pace. Self-study allows students to take
 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(DR. SANTIAGO G. ORTEGA MEMORIAL)
Iriga, City

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

learning at their own pace, focusing on areas they are most interested in (or want to

understand a bit better). This helps reduce feelings of frustration, anxiety, or boredom

that students may struggle with in a classroom setting.Many studies have shown that

retention rates for online students are much higher than for traditional, in-person

students. Online learning increases access and makes it more likely that a student can

finish a course or program when physical limitations are removed.

                         Students learn in a more interactive setting like an online class. A

class setting that requires students to be more participative results better than working

alone on modules. The online class is a streamlined form of a traditional class, wherein

students and teachers can interact.Yes, in many ways online learning is more effective

than face to face learning. As research shows 80% of organizations believe their use of

digital learning will remain the same, increase or decrease only slightly as restrictions

on live training ease. But still,It's important to remember the extraordinary challenges

many students faced during distance learning, including family illness (and in some

cases the death of loved ones), job loss, financial insecurity, chronic stress and

uncertainly, loss of normalcy, and losing out on activities and social connections.Also,

these problems include the quality of instruction, hidden costs, misuse of technology,

and the attitudes of instructors, students, and administrators. Each one of these has an

effect on the overall quality of distance learning as a product.

 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(DR. SANTIAGO G. ORTEGA MEMORIAL)
Iriga, City

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION