Efficacy of Guyabano Leaves Extract (Annona Muricata) As a Syrup to Reduce Hyperglycemic Effect

ABSTRACT

This research study conducted to the efficacy of Guyabano Leaves (Annona Muricata) As

a syrup to Reduce Blood Sugar.

Guyabano leaves were collected from the researcher’s house. Albino rats are the test

organisms used in the experiment and is purchased from a registered pet shop in San Carlos City

Pangasinan.

The guyabano leaves were pulverized in preparation for the different treatments: for

treatment 1, there will be 75% of guyabano leaves extract and 25% of artificial sweetener, for

treatment 2, there will be 50% of guyabano leaves extract and 50% of artificial sweetener, for

treatment 3, 25% of guyabano leaves extract and 75% of artificial sweetener,

The experimentation takes place at the VMU College of Pharmacy Laboratory with the

supervision of their Medical Technologist, Laboratory Technician and Laboratory Coordinator.

The blood samples were used to determine the decreasing of platelet of the eighteen white rats.

The results of the study showed that treatment 3 is the most feasible treatment in reducing

the blood pressure of the white rats. There is a significant difference between the initial and final

blood pressure level of white rats before and after the application of treatment. There is a

significant difference among the treatments in terms of effectiveness in reducing blood sugar

victim of white rats. In conclusion, guyabano leaves extract can be used as syrup to reduce blood

sugar.
Efficacy of Guyabano Leaves Extract (Annona Muricata) As a Syrup to Reduce Hyperglycemic Effect

Chapter 1

Introduction

Background of study:

One of the most common problems in today's world is the high number of population that

have high blood sugar. Blood sugar control is at the center of any diabetes treatment plan. High

blood sugar, or hyperglycemia, is a major concern, and can affect people with both type one and

type two diabetes. Frequent or ongoing high blood sugar can cause damage to your nerves, blood

vessels, and organs. It can also lead to other serious conditions. People with type two diabetes

are prone to a build-up of acids in the blood called ketoacidosis. If a person has type 2 diabetes

or if he is at risk for it, extremely high blood sugar can lead to a potentially deadly condition in

which the human body can’t process sugar. It's called hyperglycemic hyperosmolar non ketotic

syndrome (HHNS). A person will pee more often at first, and then less often later on, but his

urine may become dark and he could get severely dehydrated. It's important to treat symptoms of

high blood sugar right away to help prevent complications.

The body of a person with Type 1 diabetes needs insulin because their pancreas is

damaged in a way that will not produce enough insulin as needed. Insulin is a chemical

compound used to break down sugar (glucose) in the bloodstream. Those with type 1 diabetes

must work with their doctor to find their correct dosage of insulin, because different individuals

have different reactions to various types of insulin, and because some individuals with this type

of diabetes may still be producing insulin at mild levels.

In general, people with diabetes should strive to be physically fit. Physical exercise has the

effect of lowering the body's glucose levels - sometimes for as long as 24 hours. Because the
Efficacy of Guyabano Leaves Extract (Annona Muricata) As a Syrup to Reduce Hyperglycemic Effect

most harmful effects of diabetes are caused by elevated glucose levels (blood sugar "spikes"),

exercise after eating is a valuable tool that uses sugar naturally and allows people with diabetes

to keep glucose at manageable levels.

If you have Type 2 diabetes, your body is able to produce some insulin, as opposed to

none at all, but has a diminished capacity for producing insulin or is not able to use the chemical

correctly. Because of this crucial difference, Type 2 diabetes symptoms can be more mild than

Type 1 symptoms, and have a more gradual onset, and can require less drastic treatments.

Type 2 diabetes is known to be a progressive disease. This means that it can get worse

over time. This is thought to be because the body's cells responsible for producing insulin get

"worn out" from having to work extra hard in people with Type 2 diabetes. As a result, cases of

Type 2 diabetes that once required relatively minor treatment options can eventually require

more drastic treatments, including insulin therapy, after several years. This is often not due to

any fault on the patient's behalf.

Those with Type 1 diabetes are often instructed to check their blood sugar three or

more times a day. This is often done before or after certain meals, before or after exercise, before

bed, and even during the night. If you are sick or are taking a new medication, you may need to

monitor your blood sugar even more closely.

Those with Type 2 diabetes, on the other hand, usually don't have to check their

blood sugar quite as often - they may be instructed to check their levels once or more per day. In

cases where Type 2 diabetes can be managed with non-insulin medications or diet and exercise

alone, your doctor may not even require you to check your blood sugar every day. A1C tests

work by analyzing a molecule in your blood called hemoglobin. When glucose enters your
Efficacy of Guyabano Leaves Extract (Annona Muricata) As a Syrup to Reduce Hyperglycemic Effect

blood, some of it binds to these hemoglobin molecules. Because hemoglobin molecules usually

live for about 3 months, analyzing the percentage of hemoglobin molecules that are bound to

glucose can paint a picture of how high blood sugar levels were over the past few months.

This study will help in reducing the blood sugar in the human body by producing a syrup

that is made out from Guyabano leaves. It is a known fact that Guyabano leaves has its ability to

treat high blood sugar. A group of scientist published their report in the 2008 African Journal of

Traditional Complementary and Alternative Medicine that looked into the effect of Guyabano

leaves extracts in diabetes melitus-induced rats. The test subject was induced with diabetes

melitus and then fed with the extracts of Guyabano leaves for an extended period. The study

reported positive effects of leveling down the blood sugar of the animal test subjects. It’s worth

to note that there haven’t been any studies that research the effects of Guyabano leaves tea and

extract on humans in regard to diabetes. However, people in Southeast Asia have been using the

leaves tea as herbal medication for diabetes and continually reporting positive effects, especially

when paired with switching the diet to healthier choices.

Efficacy of Guyabano Leaves Extract (Annona Muricata) As a Syrup to Reduce Hyperglycemic Effect

Statement of the problem:

This study will determine The Efficacy of Guyabano Leaves (Annona Muricata) as Syrup

to Reduce Blood sugar. Specifically, this study aims to seek the answers to the following

questions.

1. Is the Guyabano Leaves (Annona Muricata) has an effect to reduce blood sugar?

2. Is there a significant difference of Guyabano Leaves (Annona Muricata) to the commercial

medicine for high blood sugar between prices?

3. How long it takes before the Guyabano Leaves reduce the blood sugar?

Statement of the Hypothesis:

Alternative Hypothesis

1. Guyabano Leaves (Annona Muricata) is effective to reduce high blood sugar.

2. Guyabano Leaves (Annona Muricata) is effective within a week or month.

Null Hypothesis

1. Guyabano Leaves (Annona Muricata) is not effective to reduce high blood sugar.

2. Guyabano Leaves (Annona Muricata) is not effective within a week or month.

Objectives of the Study

This study aimed to test the Guyabano leaves (Annona Muricata) as Syrup to reduce blood

sugar.

1. To determine the significant effect of the different treatment to reduce blood sugar.
Efficacy of Guyabano Leaves Extract (Annona Muricata) As a Syrup to Reduce Hyperglycemic Effect

2. To determine the best quality of Guyabano leaves (Annona Muricata) we use 3

treatments in trials.

Significance of the Study

The Efficiency of Guyabano Leaves (Annona Muricata) as Syrup to Reduce Blood sugar

will contribute to the following:

To the People who can’t afford the commercial medicine for reducing blood sugar, it

helps people to buy cheaper cure for the high blood sugar

To the Department of Health, that is finding more sources of different medicines. We can

help DOH to make new products to cure Diabetes.

To the Community, to let them know that Guyabano (Annona Muricata) leaves can be

made as Syrup to cure or to reduce blood sugar. To let the people in the community know that

there is cheaper way to reduce blood sugar.

To the Environment, that provides our needed resources and natural systems that keep all

life on this planet alive and healthy.

Scope and limitation

This study had been conducted to determine the efficiency of Guyabano leaves (Annona

Muricata) as syrup to reduced blood sugar. We have conducted this research in Alaminos City

National High School Science Laboratory. This research has taken five days. This is used a

laboratory equipment. There were many treatments used.

Efficacy of Guyabano Leaves Extract (Annona Muricata) As a Syrup to Reduce Hyperglycemic Effect

Definitions of Terms and Variables

For clearer understanding of this study, the following terms and variable are defined in

relation to the purpose of this study.

Diabetes mellitus, commonly referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorders in

which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period. Symptoms of high blood sugar

include frequent urination, increased thirst, and increased hunger. If left untreated, diabetes can

cause many complications.

Hyperglycemia or high blood sugar is an abnormally high blood glucose (blood sugar)

level in the blood. Hyperglycemia is a hallmark sign of diabetes (both type 1 diabetes and type 2

diabetes) and prediabetes. The main symptoms of hyperglycemia are increased thirst and a

frequent need to urinate

Angiosperms are vascular seed plants in which the ovule (egg) is fertilized and develops

into a seed in an enclosed hollow ovary. The ovary itself is usually enclosed in a flower, that part

of the angiospermous plant that contains the male or female reproductive organs or both.

Magnoliids is the botanical name of a subclass, and magnoliids is an informal name that

does not conform to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants.

The circumscription of a subclass will vary with the taxonomic system being used. The only
Efficacy of Guyabano Leaves Extract (Annona Muricata) As a Syrup to Reduce Hyperglycemic Effect

requirement is that it must include the family Magnoliaceae. The informal name "magnoliids" is

used by some researchers to avoid the confusion that recently surrounds the name

"Magnoliidae". More recently, the group has been redefined under the PhyloCode as a node-

based clade comprising the Canellales, Laurales, Magnoliales, and Piperales Chase & Reveal

have proposed, "Magnoliidae" as the name used for the entire group of flowering plants, and the

formal name "Magnolianae" for the group of four orders are discussed here.

Clade a group of organisms believed to have evolved from a common ancestor, according

to the principles of cladistics.

Eczema is a condition that makes your skin red and itchy. It's common in children but can occur

at any age. Atopic dermatitis is long lasting (chronic) and tends to flare periodically. It may be

accompanied by asthma or hay fever.

Antispasmodic is a pharmaceutical drug or other agent that suppresses muscle spasms.

Sudorific causing or increasing sweating.

Emetic a medicine or other substance that causes vomiting. It is something that is given to

someone to swallow, in order to make them vomit.

Poultice a soft, moist mass of material, typically of plant material or flour, applied to the body to

relieve soreness and inflammation and kept in place with a cloth.

Alleviate to make (something, such as suffering) more bearable 

to partially remove or correct (something undesirable)

Efficacy of Guyabano Leaves Extract (Annona Muricata) As a Syrup to Reduce Hyperglycemic Effect

Beaker refers to a simple container for stirring, mixing and heating liquids commonly used in

many laboratories. Beakers are generally cylindrical in shape, with a flat bottom.

Test tubes refers to a culture tube or sample tube, is a common piece of laboratory glassware

consisting of a finger-like length of glass or clear plastic tubing, open at the top, usually with a

rounded U-shaped bottom.

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

A. GUYABANO LEAVES

Kingdom : Plantae

Clade : Plantae

Clade : Angiosperms

Order : Magnoliids

Family : Annonaceae

Genus : Annona

Species : A.muricata

General Features

Guyabano or Soursop Fruit Nutrition Guyabano belongs to the family of Annonaceae, (A.

muricata L.) Soursop (also graviola, custard apple, and in Latin America, guanábana) is the

fruit of Annona muricata, a broadleaf, flowering, evergreen tree. The exact origin is

Efficacy of Guyabano Leaves Extract (Annona Muricata) As a Syrup to Reduce Hyperglycemic Effect

unknown; it is native to the tropical regions of the Americas and the Caribbean and is widely

propagated. It is in the same genus, Annona, as cherimoya and is in the Annonaceae family.

Distribution

Annona muricata is tolerant of poor soil and prefers lowland areas between the altitudes of 0

metres (0 ft) to 1,200 metres (3,900 ft). It cannot stand frost. The exact origin is unknown; it

is native to the tropical regions of the Americas and is widely propagated. It is an introduced

species on all temperate continents, especially in subtropical regions.

Cultivation

The plant is grown for its 20–30 cm (7.9–11.8 in) long, prickly, green fruit, which can have

a mass of up to 6.8 kg (15 lb), making it probably the second biggest annona after

the Junglesop. Away from its native area, some limited production occurs as far north as

southern Florida within USDA Zone 10; however, these are mostly garden plantings for

local consumption. It is also grown in parts of Southeast Asia and is abundant on the Island

of Mauritius.

Nutritional Value

The flesh of the fruit consist of a white edible pulp that is high in carbohydrates and

considerable amounts of Vitamin C, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B2, Potassium and dietary fiber.

Guyabano is low in cholesterol, saturated fat and sodium.

Medical Uses
Efficacy of Guyabano Leaves Extract (Annona Muricata) As a Syrup to Reduce Hyperglycemic Effect

Medicinal Uses of Guyabano has been used as folkloric herbal medicine in many regions

thought the world. It is considered to be antispasmodic, sudorific and emetic.

The crushed fresh leaves are also applied on skin eruptions for faster healing. A poultice of

young guyabano leaves is applied on the skin to alleviate rheumatism and other skin

infections like eczema. Applied during the healing of wounds, this can result in less or no

skin scars.

The juice of the fruit is taken orally as a herbal remedy for urethritis, haematuria and liver

ailments. Studies are underway by leading medical institutes, universities and

pharmaceutical companies of the healing properties of guyabano against cancers.

Culinary Uses

Aside from being eaten raw, the guyabano fruit is processed into candies, tarts, shakes, ice-

cream, sherbets and other beverages.

B. HIGH BLOOD SUGAR(Diabetes)

Description

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood sugar

(glucose) levels that result from defects in insulin secretion, or its action, or both. Diabetes

mellitus, commonly referred to as diabetes (as it will be in this article) was first identified as

a disease associated with "sweet urine," and excessive muscle loss in the ancient world.

Elevated levels of blood glucose (hyperglycemia) lead to spillage of glucose into the urine,

hence the term sweet urine.

Efficacy of Guyabano Leaves Extract (Annona Muricata) As a Syrup to Reduce Hyperglycemic Effect

Diabetes is a chronic condition associated with abnormally high levels of sugar (glucose) in

the blood. Insulin produced by the pancreas lowers blood glucose. Absence or insufficient

production of insulin, or an inability of the body to properly use insulin causes diabetes

Causes

We can have a diabetes if our blood gets too much sugar. It occurs when your immune

system, the body’s system for fighting infection, attacks and destroys the insulin-producing

beta cells of the pancreas. Scientists think type 1 diabetes is caused by genes and

environmental factors, such as viruses, that might trigger the disease.

CHAPTER III

Methodology

This chapter presents the research design and methodology, including the materials and

instruments, gathering of materials, and preparation of treatments.

A. Instrument and Materials Used

Guyabano Leaves. It refers to the main ingredient that is going to use in the study.

Stove. It refers to the heating of the casserole.

Casserole. It refers to the container for the Guyabano leaves (Annona Muricata) in boiling

process.

Knife. It is used to cut the Guyabano leaves (Annona Muricata) from the Guyabano tree.
Efficacy of Guyabano Leaves Extract (Annona Muricata) As a Syrup to Reduce Hyperglycemic Effect

Plastic Cylinder. It refers to the containers which contain the Guyabano leaves (Annona

Muricata) extract.

Test tubes. It refers to a culture tube or sample tube, is a common piece of laboratory glassware

consisting of a finger-like length of glass or clear plastic tubing, open at the top, usually with a

rounded U-shaped bottom.

Beaker. It refers to a simple container for stirring, mixing and heating liquids commonly used in

many laboratories. Beakers are generally cylindrical in shape, with a flat bottom.

Ladle. It is used to stir the Guyabano leaves (Annona Muricata) from boiling.

Water. It is used for the boiling process.

Gathering of Materials.

The materials Guyabano Leaves (Annona Muricata), Stove, Casserole, Knife, Plastic Cylinder,

Test tubes, Beaker., Water.

The Guyabano Leaves is collected from the backyard by the researchers.

The other materials are gathered from the house of the researchers.

Preparation of Treatments

The research study used 3 treatments. Treatments 0, 1, 2, and it was test through the alternative

medicine for the high blood sugar.

Procedure
Efficacy of Guyabano Leaves Extract (Annona Muricata) As a Syrup to Reduce Hyperglycemic Effect

Collect Guyabano Leaves from the backyard. Wash the Guyabano leaves with tap water. Get the

casserole and put tap water on it for the boiling process. And put the casserole that filled with

water in the stove. Then, put the washed Guyabano leaves. And get the other materials for

boiling. Boil it until you observe that the water became brownish.

Pre-treatment Evaluation

Identify the level of blood sugar before the treatment. The researchers shall record or test the

blood sugar if the syrup has an effect on the blood sugar.

TREATMENT SYRUP SUGAR LEVEL

0 0 220

1 30ml 220

2 25ml 220

3 20ml 220
Efficacy of Guyabano Leaves Extract (Annona Muricata) As a Syrup to Reduce Hyperglycemic Effect

T0. 220 sugar level through 0ml of syrup.

T1.220 sugar level through 30ml of syrup.

T2.220 sugar level through 25ml of syrup.

T3220 sugar level through 20ml of syrup.

Application of Treatment

The application of the treatments will be held in the ACNHS Laboratory. The rats will receive

each treatment daily for one week. Treatment 0 will have 0% of guyabano leaves extract and 0%

of artificial sweetener. Treatment 1 will have 75% of guyabano leaves extract and 25% of

artificial sweetener. Treatment 2 will have 50% of guyabano leaves extract and 50% of artificial

sweetener. Treatment 3 will have 25% of guyabano leaves extract and 75% of artificial

sweetener.

Post-treatment evaluation

After 3 trials, the blood sugar shall test again if it is reduced by the guyabano leaves (Annona

Muricata) syrup. And if the guyabano leaves (Annona Muricata) syrup has an effect to the high

blood sugar.

Recording and Gathering of Data

The effectiveness of the syrup will be determined, the data were recorded, tabulated, and

analyzed using appropriate statistical tools.

Efficacy of Guyabano Leaves Extract (Annona Muricata) As a Syrup to Reduce Hyperglycemic Effect

TREATMENT NO. OF DAYS NO. OF SYRUP

Treatment 1 (T1) 1

25% artificial sweetener, 2

75% Guyabano leaves 3

extract 4

Treatment 2 (T2) 1

50% artificial sweetener, 2

3
50% Guyabano leaves 4
5
extract

Treatment 3 (T3) 1

75% artificial sweetener, 2

3
25% Guyabano leaves 4
5
extract

Table 2. Mean Percentage of Survival Rate of Anti- Dengue capsule treated with varied

concentrations of Dragon fruit peeling and Bamboo leaves extract after 1 week-days observation

period.

SURVIVAL RATE

TREATMENTS R1 R2 R3 Means percent

of survival rate
Efficacy of Guyabano Leaves Extract (Annona Muricata) As a Syrup to Reduce Hyperglycemic Effect

Treatment 1

Treatment 2

Statistical Design

Based on the central composite design, two quadratic models were developed to correlate the

preparation variables to the two responses. From the analysis of variance (ANOVA), the most

influential factor on each experimental design response was identified.

Workflow of Gathering

Collections of Materials Preparation of Set-Up

Preparation of the Preparation of the test of

Treatments blood with high sugar and
the Syrup

Exposure of Treatments
Application of Treatments
Efficacy of Guyabano Leaves Extract (Annona Muricata) As a Syrup to Reduce Hyperglycemic Effect

Evaluating the Results Data Gathering

Data Log
Efficacy of Guyabano Leaves Extract (Annona Muricata) As a Syrup to Reduce Hyperglycemic Effect
Efficacy of Guyabano Leaves Extract (Annona Muricata) As a Syrup to Reduce Hyperglycemic Effect
Efficacy of Guyabano Leaves Extract (Annona Muricata) As a Syrup to Reduce Hyperglycemic Effect
Efficacy of Guyabano Leaves Extract (Annona Muricata) As a Syrup to Reduce Hyperglycemic Effect
Efficacy of Guyabano Leaves Extract (Annona Muricata) As a Syrup to Reduce Hyperglycemic Effect

Apendix A

Data Book
Efficacy of Guyabano Leaves Extract (Annona Muricata) As a Syrup to Reduce Hyperglycemic Effect

Activities Days

Choosing a Topic

Collecting Background Information

Problem Hypothesis

Review of Related Literature

Preparation of Peanut Shell

Preparation of Treatments

Compiling the Bibliography

Encoding and Editing the Write-up

Documentation

Apendix B

Materials
Efficacy of Guyabano Leaves Extract (Annona Muricata) As a Syrup to Reduce Hyperglycemic Effect