Lecture 1-Gas Supply System

GAS SUPPLY
SYSTEM
QUS 3206/MNA
INTRODUCTION
• Gas - a fossil fuel in the gaseous state; used
for cooking and heating homes.
• A pipeline system (gas lines) for the
transport of gas fuels and their distribution
among consumers; the basic element of a
populated area’s gas supply system.
QUS3206/MNA/updated2018
TYPE OF GASES
• There are two types of fuel gas that normally
piped or reticulated to end user ;
1- Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
2- Natural Gas
1- NATURAL GAS
• fossil fuel formed when layers of buried plants and
animals are exposed to intense heat and pressure over
thousands of years.
• Non-renewable resource because it cannot be
replenished on a human time frame.
• energy source often used for heating, cooking, and
electricity generation
• Natural gas is not stored at the consumer’s premises
due to the complexity of storage facilities.
• Natural gas is lighter than air so escaping vapor rises
upwards
• Natural gas is odorized before distribution
2- LIQUEFIED
PETROLEUM GAS (LPG)
• Is a mixture of propane (30% - 40%) and butane (60%
- 70%)
• LPG is stored under pressured, is colorless and
odorless in its natural state.
• LPG vapor is heavier than air. Therefore than vapor
may flow along the grounds
• LPG from a flammable mixture when mixed with air
within a flammability limits to large volume of vapor.
• In Malaysia, LPG is often used in homes for cooking.
This energy source is usually supplied using gas
cylinders, which limits its practicality of usage.
GAS PIPING
SYSTEM
CONFIGURATION
• The main components :
1) STORAGE VESSEL
LPG PIPING SYSTEM
LPG PIPING SYSTEM
2) DELIVERY OR SERVICE PIPELINE
Manifold System
Bulk Storage System
NATURAL GAS PIPING
SYSTEM
Peninsular Gas Utilization
(PGU)
• The PGU project which commenced in 1984 is the
longest in Malaysia spanning more than 2,500km.
• It comprises main gas transmission pipelines, supply
pipelines and lateral pipelines.
• The system comprises six gas-processing plants with a
combined capacity of 2,000 million standard cubic feet
per day producing methane, ethane, propane, butane
and condensate.
• The PGU is owned by PETRONAS and operated by
PGB
Natural Gas Pipeline
City Gate Station
• Stations with pressure-regulating and gas metering facilities,
and are located just off the Peninsular Gas Utilization
pipeline owned by PETRONAS.
 Station with an odorant dispensing facility located

immediately after City Gate Stations.
 This is where an odorant such as mercaptan is
injected into the gas to odorise it so as to meet safety
requirements.
 As natural gas is colourless and odourless, the
odorant is added to provide a distinctive odour to the
gas to enable readily detection of leaked gas in the
environment
Feeder Line
• This gas pipeline is made of carbon steel.
• It distributes natural gas at the pressure of 150~260
psi from the City Gate Stations to the service line of
District Stations and Service Stations.
• These pipes usually reside on the Government’s road
reserved
Natural Gas Distribution
Pressures
• Three
Pressure
Classifications
High Pressure (1,000’s PSI to
100’s)
Medium Pressure (5 PSI to 100’s
PSI)
Low Pressure (Less Than 5 PSI)
High Pressure gas is in typically only utilized in
utility distribution lines, so most plumbing
engineers will deal with only Medium or Low
Pressure Gas
Service connection
(from gas meter):
1. Gas meter
-Nominal gas consumption
-Curb cock (main cock)
-Water bag
2. Equipments
-Kitchen stove
-Boilers
-Auxiliary gas cocks
3. Flue Gas
-Chimney
-Draft diverter
-Chimney Body
Rules of Domestic Pipe
Networks
Interconnecting pipe network:
 Each estates has to have its own interconnecting pipe network,
 Smallest Diameter of the interconnecting network is : DN25,
 The highest pressure of the interconnecting pipe is 0.1 bar
 Gas pipe can pass room where the elevation is higher than 1.7m
 In garage interconnecting pipe can not pass
 Not allowed to build any types of gas network in: sleeping room,
living room, larder, toilet, in any non ventilable room,
Rules of Domestic Pipe
Networks
Not allowed to build any types of pipe network in
 Chimney
 Under the building (or basement),

 In floor or ceiling
 In suspended floor or ceiling
 In toilets in cold storage rooms in storage rooms(larder)
Service connection (after the gas meter):
 The highest pressure is 0.1 bar
 The
pipe network can not be driven through in other properties, in
common properties
 The pipe network can not be driven through in Class „A”, and Class
„B” fire danger areas, in car storage areas, in the rooms of gas
equipment which has bigger consumption than 116kW, Switch gear
rooms or cabinets where voltage higher than 0.4kV
 Smallest diameter of the service connection is DN15
DESIGN CONSIDERATION
• Drawings prepared early stage indicate the
following :
1. Position of ducts, chases and channels
(pipes are to be concealed.
2. Position of control cocks or valves
3. Routes and diameters of all installation
works
 Pipes
 Copper pipes widely used
 Common material for gas pipes in buildings is mild steel
• Pipe positions
- If gas pipe runs close to come other service,
contact between them should prevent by a spacing
or insulation.
• Diameter of pipes
- Depends its length, frictional loss due to fittings,
amount of gas required and the permissible
pressure required at the appliance.
DO YOU
KNOW
THERE HAVE
A LOT OF
EXPLOSION
CAUSES BY
LPG?
CASE 1
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE CASE 2
WHERE IN
MALAYSIA
USING
NATURAL GAS
?

Lecture 1-Gas Supply System

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lecture 1-Gas Supply System

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

GAS SUPPLY

 Station with an odorant dispensing facility located

 Under the building (or basement),

You might also like