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    Car mufflers

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    8 views7 pages

    Car Mufflers

    Uploaded by

    mohamed

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    Acoustics/Car Mufflers Contents Introduction The absorber muffler floctor muff. Definition of destructive interferences Definition ofthe reflection Example Back pressure Muffler modeling by transfer matrix method Example Results Comments Links Introduction Acar muffler is a component of the exhaust system of a car. The exhaust system has mainly 3 functions: 1, Gelting the hot and noxious gas from the engine away from the vehicle 2. Reduce exhaust emission 3, Allenuating the noise output from the engine ‘The last specified function is the function of the car muffler. It is necessary because the gas coming from the combustion in the pistons of the engine would generate an extremely loud noise if it were sent directly in the ambient air surrouncling engine through the exhaust valves, There are 2 techniques used to dampen the noise: absorption and reflection. Each technique has its advantages and disadvantages. The absorber muffler ‘The muffler is composed of a tube covered by sound absorbing material. The tube is perforated so that some part \ 7 of the sound wave goes through the perforation to the absorbing material. The absorbing material is usually made of fiberglass or steel wool. The dampening material is protected from the surrounding by a supplementary coat J made of a bend metal sheet. ‘The advantage of this method is low back pressure with a relatively simple design. The inconvenience of this method is low sound damping ability compared to the other techniques, especially at low frequency. ‘The mufflers using the absorption technique are usually sports vehicle beeause they increase the performances of the engine because of their low back pressure, A trick to improve their muffling ability consists of lining up several "straight" mutflers. The reflector muffler Principle: Sound wave reflection is used to create a maximum amount of destructive interferences Definition of destructive interferences Let's consider the noise a person would hear when a car drives past. This sound would physically correspond to the pressure variation of, the air which would make his ear-drum vibrate. The curve At of the graph 1 could represent this sound. The pressure amplitude is a function of the time at a certain fixed place. If another sound wave A2 is produced at the same time, the pressure of the two waves will, add. If the amplitude of A1 is exactly the opposite of the amplitude Az, then the sum will be zero, which corresponds physically to the ‘atmospheric pressure. The listener would thus hear nothing although there are two radiating sound sources. A2 is called the destructive interference. Definition of the reflection ‘The sound is a traveling wave i.e. its position changes in function of the time. As long as the wave travels in the same medium, there is no change of speed ‘and amplitude, When the wave reaches a frontier between two mediums which have different impedances, the speed, and the pressure amplitude ‘change (and so does the angle if the wave does not propagate perpendicularly to the frontier). The figure 1 shows two medium A and B and the 3 waves: incident transmitted and reflected, Example Af plane sound waves are propagating across a tube and the section of the tube changes, the impedance of the tube will change. Part of the incident waves will be transmitted through the

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