LEMBAR TUGAS MANDIRI

ENGLISH FOR NURSE II

Academic Writing Skill

Name : Sisca Yunita Eka Futry

NPM : 1806270141
Class : B Ekstensi 2018

Program Studi Sarjana Keperawatan

Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Indonesia
Semester Gasal 2018/2019
 ACADEMIC WRITING SKILL

Writing is about communicating with words, and academic writing is about

choosing words carefully to communicate complex ideas to a range of readers and
audiences. Academic writing is clear, concise, focussed, structured and backed up by
evidence. Its purpose is to aid the reader’s understanding. It has a formal tone and
style, but it is not complex and does not require the use of long sentences and
complicated vocabulary. Each subject discipline will have certain writing
conventions, vocabulary and types of discourse that you will become familiar with
over the course of your degree. However, there are some general characteristics of
academic writing that are relevant across all disciplines.

 Characteristics of academic writing

1. Planned and focused: answers the question and demonstrates an understandi
ng of the subject.

2. Structured: is coherent, written in a logical order, and brings together relate

d points and material.

3. Evidenced: demonstrates knowledge of the subject area, supports opinions a

nd arguments with evidence, and is referenced accurately.

4. Formal in tone and style: uses appropriate language and tenses, and is clear,
concise and balanced.
 How To Make A Good Academic Writing Skill?

1. Pre Write

Pre write is the first step you use in the academicessay writting process. Pre
writing helps you to get ideas aboout a topic

In this step, you write down your ideas in any way or form that helps you
remember your ideas. Most students prefer todo a brainstorm or cluster, however, the
other techniques such as listing, free writing, and note taking discussed in your first
book. Use a technique that you like and are comfortable with.

2. Organize

Most student tend to understand outlining, but they fail to recognize that doing an
outline is actually a part of a organize step.

When you organize your pre-writing you follow this two sub step :

1. First, you look at your list and group your ideas logically. Circle the ideas
you want to use. Delete the ideas you believe are unnecessary or are
duplicated points. Sometimes your idea may be better organized into a table
with category heading.

2. One this part complete, you do an outline. An outline help you organized or
arrange your idea in a logical order. When you start writing you should have
 a clear idea of what you want to say. Create a list of your main points and thi
nk about what the reader needs to know and in what order they will need to k
now it. To select the main points you want to include, ask yourself whether e
ach point you have considered really contributes to answering the question. I
s the point relevant to your overall argument?Select appropriate evidence that
you will use to support each main point. Think carefully about which evidenc
e to use, you must evaluate that information as not everything you find will b
e of high quality.See our searching for information page for advice on how to
find high quality, academic information.Grouping your points may help you
create a logical order. These groups will broadly fit into an overall pattern, su
ch as for and against, thematic, chronological or by different schools of thoug
ht or approach.

3. Daft

Some academic writing, such as lab or business reports, will have a fairly
rigid structure, with headings and content for each section. For more details see
our Report writing pages. In other formats, writing usually follows the same
overall structure: introduction, main body and conclusion. The introduction
outlines the main direction the writing will take, and gives any necessary
background information and context. In the main body each point is presented,
explored and developed. These points must be set out in a logical order, to make
it easier for the reader to follow and understand. The conclusion brings together
the main points, and will highlight the key message or argument you want the
reader to take away. It may also identify any gaps or weaknesses in the arguments
or ideas presented, and recommend further research or investigation where
appropriate.

Use paragraphs to build and structure your argument, and separate each of
your points into a different paragraph. Make your point clear in the first or
second sentence of the paragraph to help the reader to follow the line of
reasoning.
 Academic writing must be supported by evidence such as data, facts,
quotations, arguments, statistics, research, and theories.

This evidence will:

 add substance to your own ideas

 allow the reader to see what has informed your thinking and how your ideas fit
in with, and differ from, others' in your field

 demonstrate your understanding of the general concepts and theories on the to

pic

 show you have researched widely, and know about specialist/niche areas of int
erest.

There are several methods that you can use to incorporate other people's work into
your own written work. These are:

 paraphrasing
 summarising

 synthesising

 quoting.

4. Edit and Review

There are two kinds of reviews for academic essay writing :

a. Peer Review
b. Self Edit

5. Start Writing

6. Summary and Conclusion

 Summary writing a brief written descriptions of other written materials.

  Writing a good summaries requires accurate reading and the ability to find the main i
dea and most important supporting evidence in a piece of writing.
 Summaries are always much SHORTER than the original text.
 To write a good summary, keep the following in mind:
1. Mention the source and the author at the beginning of the summary.
2. State the author’s main idea without distorting those ideas or adding your own.
3. State the author’s most important supporting evidence or sub-points without disto
rting them. Do not include details.
4. Use your own wording. Occasionally, however, a phrase in the original may be es
pecially striking, interesting, or controversial. In that case you may use the autho
r’s exact words if you put quotation marks around them.

Step in Writing Summaries

Writing a good summary demonstrates that you clearly understand a text...and that you c
an communicate that understanding to your readers. A summary can be tricky to write at first
because it’s tempting to include too much or too little information. But by following our easy
8-step method, you will be able to summarize texts quickly and successfully for any class or s
ubject.

1) Divide…and conquer. First off, skim the text you are going to summarize and divide it int
o sections. Focus on any headings and subheadings. Also look at any bold-faced terms and ma
ke sure you understand them before you read. 

2) Read. Now that you’ve prepared, go ahead and read the selection. Read straight through. A
t this point, you don’t need to stop to look up anything that gives you trouble—just get a feel f
or the author’s tone, style, and main idea.

3) Reread. Rereading should be active reading. Underline topic sentences and key facts. Labe
l areas that you want to refer to as you write your summary. Also label areas that should be av
oided because the details—though they may be interesting—are too specific. Underline the m
ain ideas to gather the necessary information for the summary and Make notes about those ide
as in the margin to make further re-reading easier and quicker. Identify areas that you do not u
nderstand and try to clarify those points. 

4) One sentence at a time. You should now have a firm grasp on the text you will be summar
izing. In steps 1–3, you divided the piece into sections and located the author’s main ideas an
d points. Now write down the main idea of each section in one well-developed sentence. Mak
e sure that what you include in your sentences are key points, not minor details. 
5) Write a thesis statement. This is the key to any well-written summary. Review the senten
ces you wrote in step 4. From them, you should be able to create a thesis statement that clearl
y communicates what the entire text was trying to achieve. If you find that you are not able to
do this step, then you should go back and make sure your sentences actually addressed key po
ints.

6) Ready to write. At this point, your first draft is virtually done. You can use the thesis state
ment as the introductory sentence of your summary, and your other sentences can make up th
e body. Make sure that they are in order. Add some transition words (then, however, also, mor
eover) that help with the overall structure and flow of the summary. And once you are actuall
y putting pen to paper (or fingers to keys!), remember these tips:

 Write in the present tense.

 Make sure to include the author and title of the work.
 Be concise: a summary should not be equal in length to the original text.
 If you must use the words of the author, cite them.
 Don't put your own opinions, ideas, or interpretations into the summary. The purp
ose of writing a summary is to accurately represent what the author wanted to say,
not to provide a critique.
7) Check for accuracy. Reread your summary and make certain that you have accurately repr
esented the author’s ideas and key points. Make sure that you have correctly cited anything di
rectly quoted from the text. Also check to make sure that your text does not contain your own
commentary on the piece. 

8) Revise. Once you are certain that your summary is accurate, you should (as with any piece
of writing) revise it for style, grammar, and punctuation. If you have time, give your summary
to someone else to read. This person should be able to understand the main text based on your
summary alone. If he or she does not, you may have focused too much on one area of the piec
e and not enough on the author’s main idea.

Organization of Summaries

 The introduction contains the kind (an article? A book? A film?), the title, and the aut
hor of the written material and states the main point of the original article
 The middle (the body) contains the main ideas of the article in the same order they ap
peared in the article
 The conclusion briefly relates the conclusion of the author of the original article
 REFERENCES

https://library.leeds.ac.uk/info/14011/writing/106/academic_writing/7

http://sugiritama.blogspot.co.id/2012/07/cara-menulis-summary-jurnal-how-to.html
Dew, E.S. 2015. Practical Academic Essay Writing Skills 2 Edition. CreateSpace
Independent Publishing Platform