OUTLINE OF ARTICLE ANALYSIS/ ELC 550

OUTLINE OF ARTICLE ANALYSIS (15%)

GROUP MEMBERS: 1 NUR ZUMRAH SAKINAH BINTI OMAR (2014548627)

2 NUR LIYANA BINTI ANUAR (2018852004)
3 RABIATUL ADAWIAH BINTI MUHAMMAD (2019987867)
4. SABARIAH BINTI AZANI (2019465002)

TITLE: The Advantages and Disadvantages of Smartphones.

Thesis Statement:
Smartphones will improve reading, ease the learning process, allow smooth communication
even in remote areas, contain advanced and powerful features but can cause distractions,
anxiety, physical health problems and also can damage family relationship.

Point 1: Smartphones improve reading (Imam & Kabir, 2020).

Supporting details Paraphrased supporting details

a) Smartphones apps make reading easier. Apps for smartphones make reading more
(Yeh & Wu, 2015 as cited in Imam & convenient. (Imam & Kabir, 2020, citing Yeh
Kabir, 2020). & Wu, 2015).
b) Mobility of smartphone annotations Learners can complete reading annotation
ensures that learners may do reading activities in any location where mobile
annotation activities in any possible devices can access the Internet, such as a
place where mobile devices may access train, a library, a street walk, or a coffee
the Internet, such as a train, a library, a shop, thanks to the mobility of smartphone
street walk, or a coffee shop. (Yeh & Wu, annotations. (Imam & Kabir, 2020, citing Yeh
2015 as cited in Imam & Kabir, 2020) & Wu, 2015).
c) Therefore, the smartphone plays an As a result, the smartphone serves as an
alternative method for learners to alternate tool for students to communicate in
communicate in a practical situation to a practical setting in order to strengthen their
improve English communication skills English communication abilities (Ahmed,
(Ahmed, 2019, as cited in Imam & Kabir, 2019, as cited in Imam & Kabir, 2020).
2020).
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d) The learners who are allowed to use In numerous educational institutions,

mobile devices inside the classroom in students who are allowed to use mobile
several educational institutions improve devices in the classroom perform much
significantly (Rao, 2019, as cited in Imam better (Rao, 2019, as cited in Imam & Kabir,
& Kabir, 2020). 2020).

Point 2: Smartphones ease the learning process (Imam & Kabir, 2020).

Supporting details Paraphrased supporting details

a) Ahmed, (2019, as cited in Imam & According to Ahmed (2019, as cited in Imam
Kabir, 2020) claims that social media & Kabir, 2020), social media apps like
apps in smartphones such as WhatsApp, Facebook, and Twitter help
WhatsApp, Facebook, and Twitter help achieve this goal by providing ample space for
achieve this aim by offering adequate dialogue, interaction, and free learning.
room for conversation, engagement,
and free learning.

b) It enables learners to actively search It allows learners to actively seek out learning
for learning resources that can be seen resources, which is a key characteristic of
as a significant attribute of learners who learners who take ownership of their learning
take ownership of learning material materials (Sato et al., 2015, as cited in Imam
(Sato et al., 2015, as cited in Imam & & Kabir, 2020).
Kabir, 2020).

c) The researcher notices that WhatsApp WhatsApp, according to the researcher, has a
plays a significant role in big influence in vocabulary development.
vocabulary learning (Fattah and Flores, (Flores and Fattah, 2015, as cited in Imam &
2015, as cited in Imam & Kabir, 2020). Kabir, 2020).
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d) Many students think that smartphones Many students believe that cellphones can
may help them learn, speed up the help them learn faster, improve their
lessons, boost their knowledge and knowledge and word memorization, and close
word memorization, and reduce the gap the gap between them and their teachers
between students and teachers (Hulse, (Hulse, 2018, as cited in Imam & Kabir, 2020).
2018, as cited in Imam & Kabir, 2020).

Point 3: Smartphones allow smooth communication even in remote areas (Johnson,

2013).
Supporting details Paraphrased supporting details
a) With business becoming more and According to Johnson (2013), as businesses
more mobile, it is thus necessary to become increasingly mobile, smartphones
adopt smartphones in the must be integrated into the communication
communication system (Johnson, system.
2013).
b) With this, it is crucial to have something With smartphones, having anything that can
that can help you maintain a smooth help you keep in touch with your staff,
communication with your employees, business partners, and consumers is critical
business partners and customers (Johnson, 2013).
(Johnson, 2013).
c) With smartphones, you can easily In addition, you may effortlessly send and
perform communication actions such as receive Internet faxes, make and receive
sending and receiving of Internet fax, phone calls, check and record voicemails, and
making and receiving calls, checking many other communication tasks using a
and recording voicemails, and many smartphone (Johnson, 2013).
others (Johnson, 2013).
d) You do not have to go outside and look You don't need to walk outside to find an
for an Internet café just to check your Internet café to check your email (Johnson,
email (Johnson, 2013). 2013).

Point 4: Smartphones contain advanced and powerful features (Johnson, 2013).

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Supporting details Paraphrased supporting details

a) Some of these are Internet connection According to Johnson (2013), some of these
which is possible either by plan or features include Internet connections by plan
wireless connectivity, bluetooth, and or wireless, bluetooth, and different apps.
various apps (Johnson, 2013).
b) For businesses, important business Johnson (2013) says that, the important
files such as presentation can be easily business files, such as presentations, may be
shared (Johnson, 2013). simply shared for businesses.
c) Another feature that can be of great Video conferencing is another tool that can be
use for businesses is the video quite useful for organizations (Johnson, 2013).
conferencing (Johnson, 2013).
d) In this way, communication with It is possible to communicate with numerous
multiple people is possible (Johnson, people in this way (Johnson, 2013).
2013).

Point 5: Smartphones can cause distractions in education (Singh & Narina A. Samah,
2018)
Supporting details Paraphrased supporting details
a) The result indicates that the use of The findings show that texting disrupts
mobile phone distracts students students' learning processes and that students
learning process and students believe perceive their classroom learning is hindered
that their classroom learning is when they are using the mobile phone
disrupted during texting (Froese et al., (Froese et al., 2012, as cited in Singh &
2012, as cited in Singh & Narina A. Narina A. Samah, 2018).
Samah, 2018).
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b) Study conducted by Elder (2013, as According to Elder (2013, as cited in Singh &
cited in Singh & Narina A. Samah, Narina A. Samah, 2018), students who use
2018) shows that students who used their phones in class perform worse than
mobile phone in class score lower than those who don't, and they can't recollect as
students who did not use mobile phone much material from the lecture.
and they even not able to recall much
information from the lecture.

c) Alfawareh and Jusoh’s (2014, as cited According to Alfawareh and Jusoh (2014, as
in Singh & Narina A. Samah, 2018) cited in Singh & Narina A. Samah, 2018),
study revealed that students do not fully students do not utterly employ smartphones
utilize smartphones for learning motive for learning purposes, instead of using them to
but utilize it to make calls, taking make calls, snap photos, and access the
pictures and browsing internet. internet.
d) Hanson et al. (2011, as cited in Singh & Students prefer to use instant messaging,
Narina A. Samah, 2018) stated that email, and web-browsing in the library rather
students prefer to use instant than accessing library online resources,
messaging, email and web-surfing in according to Hanson et al. (2011, as cited in
library rather than looking into library Singh & Narina A. Samah, 2018).
online resources.

Point 6: Smartphones can cause anxiety (Singh & Narina A. Samah, 2018).
Supporting details Paraphrased supporting details
a) Study conducted on smartphone users A study of smartphone users found that those
revealed that users that overuse who use their phones excessively have higher
smartphone experience higher level of levels of depression, trait anxiety, and state
depression, trait anxiety and state anxiety than those who don't (Hwang et al.,
anxiety compare to normal smartphone 2012, as cited in Singh & Narina A. Samah,
users (Hwang et al., 2012, as cited in 2018).
Singh & Narina A. Samah, 2018).
b) Berger (2013, as cited in Singh & According to Berger (2013, as cited in Singh &
Narina A. Samah, 2018) study shows Narina A. Samah, 2018) students who use
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that students who utilize mobile phone their phones regularly have bottom grades,
more tend to achieve lower grades and increased anxiety, and are less cheerful than
have higher anxiety and felt less happy students who do not use their phones
than students who do not utilize mobile frequently.
phone frequently.
c) Study by Smith (2013, as cited in Singh Smith (2013, as cited in Singh & Narina A.
& Narina A. Samah, 2018) had also Samah, 2018) discovered that when students
shown that students tend to have high use their phones more, they experience
anxiety and their GPA was low when higher levels of anxiety and have poorer
they tend to use their phone more. grades of GPA.
d) The increasing frequency and time The rising frequency and duration spent (Lee
spend (Lee et al., 2014) beside of et al., 2014), as well as youth dependence on
dependency on smartphone among smartphones, might be viewed as indicators of
youth can be seen as an indicator of smartphone use progressing from a habit to
development of smartphone use from a an addiction (Roberts et al., 2014, as cited in
habit to an addiction (Roberts et al., Singh & Narina A. Samah, 2018).
2014, as cited in Singh & Narina A.
Samah, 2018).

Point 7: Smartphones can cause physical health problems (Sarwar & Soomro, 2013).
Supporting details Paraphrased supporting details
a) According from articles of ComScore Inc This easy accessibility to health resources
(2012, as cited in Sarwar & Soomro, 2013) through smartphone can be problematic if
This convenience of smartphones access people begin to avoid face-to-face
to health resources can be dangerous if interactions with doctors for routine
patients start avoiding personal interaction procedures (ComScore Inc, 2012 as cited
with doctors for mandatory tasks. in Sarwar & Soomro, 2013)
b) This convenience of smartphones access This easy accessibility to health resources
to health resources can be dangerous if through smartphones can be problematic if
patients start avoiding personal interaction people begin to avoid face-to-face
with doctors for mandatory tasks (Laird, interactions with doctors for routine
2012, as cited in Sarwar & Soomro, 2013). procedures (Laird, 2012, as cited in
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Sarwar & Soomro, 2013).

c) The use of smartphones exposes children The usage of smartphones exposes kids
to the habit of jumping from one option to to the tendency of moving from one option
another that trains them to gather small to the next, which educates them to gather
portions of information instead of little amounts of information rather than
concentrating and getting which is concentrating and obtaining which
information, which is harmful for information, which is detrimental to brain
development of brain (ComScore Inc, development. (ComScore Inc, 2012, as
2012, as cited in Sarwar & Soomro, 2013) cited in Sarwar & Soomro, 2013).
d) Excessive exposure of these devices in Early exposure to these technologies can
early age can cause poor eye sight for kids lead to poor eye sight in children.
(ComScore Inc., 2012, as cited in Sarwar & (ComScore Inc., 2012, as cited in Sarwar
Soomro, 2013) & Soomro, 2013)

Point 8: Smartphones can damage family relationship (Sarwar & Soomro, 2013).
Supporting details Paraphrased supporting details
a) Addiction of smartphones is impacting the Smartphones addiction is affecting our
social life and family life also creating social and familial lives, causing tension in
frictions in our lives (Idugboe, 2011, as our lives (Idugboe, 2011, as cited in
cited in Sarwar & Soomro, 2013) Sarwar & Soomro, 2013).
b) In short, the higher integration of the work In brief, the increased integration of work
and home facilitated by smartphones result and home enabled by smartphones leads
in work-home interference (WHI), which is to work-home interference (WHI), which is
considered as a potential source of stress a major source of stress that negatively
that having negative effect of employee affects employee social and family life
social and family life (Derks et al, 2012, as (Derks et al, 2012, as cited in Sarwar &
cited in Sarwar & Soomro, 2013). Soomro, 2013).
c) Many smartphones’ users engage in Many smartphones’ users engage in
continuous monitoring of their work-related continual monitoring of their work-related
emails, which creates compulsive routines emails, which leads to compulsive chronic
of chronic checking and in the long run it is checking habits and, in the long run,
responsible for increased stress. (Derks et greater stress. (Derks et al, 2012, as cited
al, 2012, as cited in Sarwar & Soomro,
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2013) in Sarwar & Soomro, 2013).

d) In short, the higher integration of the work In brief, the increased integration of work
and home facilitated by smartphones result and home enabled by smartphones leads
in work-home interference (WHI), which is to work-home interference (WHI), which is
considered as a potential source of stress a major source of stress that negatively
that having negative effect of employee affects employee social and family life
social and family life (Derks et al, 2012, as (Derks et al, 2012, as cited in Sarwar &
cited in Sarwar & Soomro, 2013) Soomro, 2013).

Conclusion (Restatement of thesis):

While smartphones will improve reading, ease the learning process, allow smooth
communication even in remote areas, contain advanced and powerful features they can give the
effect to distractions, anxiety, physical health problems and will damage family relationship.

CRITICAL COMMENTS BASED ON THE FOUR ARTICLES

TONE/ BIAS
Article 1: Factual
Article 2: Encouraging
Article 3: Formal
Article 4: Serious

INTENDED AUDIENCE
Article 1: Asian EFL learners
Article 2: General public especially businessmen
Article 3: University’s students
Article 4: Researchers

PURPOSE OF THE ARTICLES

Article 1: To inform the effectiveness of smartphones on EFL reading.
Article 2: To discuss the advantages of smartphones and how they might be used in
businesses.
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Article 3: To identify the motive of students in utilizing their smartphones; positive and negative
effect of smartphone use on student’s life in term of their education, socialization, and
psychological health.
Article 4: To explain the impact of smartphones on society.

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS ABOUT THE ARTICLES

Article 1: Mostly findings from this article are about the benefits of the smartphone to the student
and it’s explained that learning process is easier with smartphone.
Article 2: The article is also reader friendly as the author has used simple language that is both
clear and intelligible.
Article 3: This article is important in providing the outcome of smartphone use either it is
positively or negatively effecting students’ life, which is useful for researchers to conduct further
studies in this field.
Article 4: This article is well developed as the author provides sufficient and relevant facts from
experiments and studies related to the topic.

REFERENCES

Imam, H.T., & Kabir, N.B., (2020). Effectiveness of smartphone on efl reading:
Learners’ perception in asian countries. European Journal of Education Studies, 7(12),
675-714. http://doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v7i12.3484

Johnson, L. (2013, January 13). Advantages of using smartphones in your business.

Business2Community. https://www.business2community.com/tech-gadgets/advantages-
of-using -smartphones-in-your-business

Singh, M.K.K., & Narina A. Samah (2018). Impact of smartphone: A review on positive and
negative effects on students. Asian Social Science, 14(11), 83-89.
https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v14n11p83
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Sarwar, M. & Soomro, T.R. (2013). Impact of smartphones on society: European Journal of
Scientific Research, 98(2), 216-226.
http://www.europeanjournalofscientificresearch.com