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Example; Find the ultimate bending moment for the section shown in fig.
Fc’=20.7 Mpa, Fy=400 Mpa

Check the reason for using of compression reinforcement :

5 × = 4021.24

ρ(provided)=4021.24/360×600=0.0186
Ρ(max)=0.85 .
= 0.016<ρ(provided)

Then the compression reinforcement has been added for changing the failure
mode from compression failure to tension failure.
Assume fs’=fy

=2 × = 981.75

2= ’ = 981.75

1 = 4021.24 981.75 = 3039.5

. . ×
= = = 191.94
. . . × . ×.
191.94 225.8 60
c= = = 225.8 = 600 = 440.6
0.85 225.8
400 .
control
.
ρ .= = 0.0028 = .
×

ρ
.
.= = . < ρ′ = 0.85 = 0.85 × 0.85
× .
o.k.
. . .
× = .
. . ×

the section is O.K. as ACI Code

= × 0.003 = 0.005 ∅ = 0.9
.
=∅ 1. .( )+ . = 0.9 3039.5 × 400 600
981.75 × 400 600 60 × 10 = 742.37 kN.m

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Example; Find the ultimate bending strength for the doubly reinforced concrete
section shown in fig. use Fc’=27.6 Mpa, Fy=345 Mpa

=4 × = 3217 =2 × = 628

Fs’=Fy So 2= ’ = 628 ,
1= = 2589
. ×
= = = 105.7
. . . . × . ×
.
= = 124.3

Check
.
= 600 = 600 = 310 < = 345
.

. So take = 1 2
. = 0.85 . . . = . = 600
3217 × 345 = 0.85 × 27.6 × 360 × 0.85 628 × 600

102.12 3149.29 = 0 c=126.93 mm = 0.85 × 126.93 = 107.9

126.93 60
= 600 = 316.38 < 345
126.93
Check .
.
act 2= ′ = 628 = 575.9
.
.ρ .= ×
= 0.0038 = .

ρ .= = .
×
. . .
ρ′ = 0.85 ρ = 0.85 × 0.85 ×
. . . ×
= .
the section is satisfied the ACI Code conditions
Calculate ø ,
.
= = 0.003 = 0.003 = 0.011 0.005 ∅ = 0.9
.

= ∅ 0.85 . . .( )+ . . = 0.9 × 10 0.85 × 27.6 × 360 × 107.9

=544.4 kN. m
.
× (600 )+ 628 × 316.38 600 60

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Design of Doubly reinforced concrete Rectangular beams

Find the ultimate applied moment Mu, external moment

Calculate . = 0.85 .
to Find . = . × ×
.×
= =
. × ×

Use ø=0.816 calculate from ∅ = 0.65

. .
= 0.8167
× .

Calculate internal Mu, max ∅ . × ×

Compare .
1.
So that 1 = , = =
=
∅. .

= 600
If = =
If < = =
2.
So find act., from . = ∅. . . . 1 0.59
2.36
(1 1 )
∅
=
(1.18 )

Check , .
.
=
×
= × ×

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Example; Find the steel reinforcement area for the section shown in fig.
Assume M.D.L=150 kN.m, M.L.L.=200 kN.m, Fc’=20.7 Mpa, Fy=414 Mpa.
= 1.2 × 150 1.6 × 200 = 500 .

. = 0.85 = 0.0155
.

. = . = 2786.79
.× . ×
= = = 182.14
. × × . × . ×
.
= = = 214.28
.
.
∅ . × × = 0.816 × 2786.79 × 414 × 500 × 10
=385 kN.m
= 500 = 385 . .
1= = 2786.79

= = 385 . , = = 115 .
115 × 10
= = = 733.68
∅. . 0.816 × 414 × (500 60)
′ 214.28 60
= 600 = 600 = 432 = 414
214.28
∴ = = 733.68
= = 2786.79 733.68 = 3560.5
Assume ø=36mmNo.=
.
= 3.45 4∅36
25
=
× × . ×
= 37 =
. . .
For compression reinforcement Ab=201
No.=
.
= 3.65 4 4∅16

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Example; for cantilever beam L=4 m. find the steel reinforcement area, if the live
load is 20 kN/m and the dead load within self weight for the beam is 18 kN/m
where Fc’=21 Mpa , Fy=400 Mpa d=510 mm, d’=90 mm b=300 mm
= 1.2 × 18 1.6 × 20 = 53.6 /
. ×
. = = = 428.8 .

. = 0.85 = 0.01626 = 0.01626 × 300 × 510 = 2487.78

.
. × .
= = 185.83 = = 218.62
. × × .

. =∅ 1 0.59 = 0.816 × 0.01626 × 400 × 300 × 510 1

0.59 × 0.01626 × 10 = 338.45 . < 428.8
∴
1= . = 0.01626 × 300 × 510 = 2487.78

= . = 338.45 .
= = 90.35 .
. ×
= = = 658.5
∅. . . × ×(
.
= 600 = 600 = 353 < 400
.

so <
= = 658.5 = 746.18

Use ø=16 mm
.
.= = 3.71 4 4∅16
= = 2478.78 658.5 = 3137.28
.
∅ = 30 .= = 4.44 5 5∅30
. .
. . . .
× ×

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H.W.12; Find capacity of the sections shown below where Fc’=20 Mpa,
Fy=400 Mpa

H.W.13; Find the required area of steel to resist dead load moment of 60 kN.m
within self weight and live load moment 100 kN.m, if Fc’=21 Mpa and Fy=400
Mpa while b=250 mm, and d=400, d’=75 mm resolved when Mu=464 kN.m

H.W.14; design the beam (find area of steel required ) shown below when
b=300, d=500 mm, d’=60 mm, Fc’=25 Mpa, Fy=400 Mpa

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