Homework for 09-24-99:

Consider the throttling valve illustrated below:

px
Am
Aa

pi
po

Given:
Inlet pressure: pi 14 .MPa
Outlet pressure: po 6 . MPa

The orifice equation provides the following basic relationship for computing flow:

( 2 . ∆p )
Q C 0 .A 0 .
ρf

Starting with the orifice equation, derive an equation for px in terms of

pi ,po,Am, and Aa.

Flow through the manual section:

2. p i px
Q m C 0 .A m .
ρf

Flow through the automatic section:

2. p x po
Q a C 0 .A a .
ρf

To balance the flow through the system (continuity equation)

Qa Qm

1
 2. p x po 2. p i px
C 0 .A a . C 0 .A m .
ρf ρf

Aa . p x Am . pi
2 2
po px

2 2
Aa Aa
1 .p .p
x pi o
Am Am

2
Aa
pi .p
o
Am
px
2
Aa
1
Am

Compute the value of px if Am =Aa and pi =14MPa and po=6MPa.

Aa Am

2
Aa
pi .p
o
Am
px
2
Aa
1
Am p x = 10 MPa

Compute the value of Am and Aa required to deliver 70 L/min through the

valve:
Assume a sharp-edged orifice: C0 0.6

liter
Flow: Qa 70 . kg
min Assume a fluid density: ρf 900 .
3
m
Qm Qa

2
 2. p i px
Q m C 0 .A m .
ρf

Qm
Am
2
2. p i px A m = 20.624 mm
C 0.
ρf

2. p x po
Q a C 0 .A a .
ρf

Qa
Aa
2. p x po
C 0.
2
A a = 20.624 mm
ρf

Note that the automatic section of the valve has to adjust to equal the manual setting.

3
 Pa .10
6
MPa

1
 1 .cm
2
Am