AMAUROTI

C SPHERE
W ELF
AREI
NSTI
TUTI
ON FOR BLI
ND
li
teraturecasestudy
G
Ar
chi
t
ect
ureWor
kshop-
Maur
ici
oRochaC B V I

I B B L

li
vecasestudy

.
I

speaci
alstudy
glassgow hazel
w ood bli
nd school I
NFERENCE
Hazelwood i
s a st
ate schoolf
ort
he t
eachi
ng ofli
fe
ski
ll
stothechil
drenandyoungpeoplewit
hvisualdi
s- -Cor ri
dorshavecor nersandonlyf ew amount
ofhandr ail
sar elocated.
abi
li
ti
es.I
tsit
sin a par
kland set
ti
ng wi
thin a cl
early
-They mobi l
ate onl yt hr
ough touchi ng t
he
def
inednei
ghbor
hoodandbuildingconservat
ionar ea, walls.
t
othesout
hofGl
asgow. -Tacti
lefloori
ngsar enotpr ovi
dedint hisbui
ld-
i
ng.
-Wal l
sisc l
adinac ork(whichhaswar mthand
tact
ilequaliti
esandpr ovidessi
gni
fiersormes -
sagealongt herout etoconfi
rmthec hil
dren’
slo-
cati
on)
ASPER ARCHI
TECTS’
SVI
EW

-
Topromotearealsenseofi
ndependence
-
placeofsaf
ety
.

-
Ambit
ion t
hatwould suppor
tthe chi
ld and
f
reef
rom t
heteacher
s

-
HighCei
li
ngsar
eprovi
dedonl
yfortheSpeci
f-
i
careasuchasswi
mmingpool& audi
tor
ium.

-
Buil
dings are connect
ed t
hrough cor
ridor
s
whi
chisinlinearmanner.
location:Glassgow ,scotland.
completed:2007.
-
Classr
oom l
iesal
ongt
henor
ther
nqui
et,
cli
ent:Glassgow ci ty counci
leducati
on.
architect:
Ar.alan dunlop
area:2660 sq.m -
Highlevelcl
estor
yGlaci
ngfor
m asubot
an-
no.of.storey:Singlestorey t
ialpar
tofthefacade.
edgeoft
hesi
te.
Therangeofcomplexcli
ni
calneedsmadeHaz elwoodanex t
remel
yc hal
lengingproject
.i
nvol
v-
i
ngdetail
edprebuildanal
ysi
s.Thegradualcontourl
evelofthesi
teisleftundis
turbed.Rat
her
thani
tsconsi
derat
ionasapr oj
ectthearchi
tectwasc ommit
tedtotheideaofabui l
di
ngthat
classroom

offi
ce

gatheri
ng &studi
o

lobby

common space

sportsfi
eld

i
nternalci
rculati
on

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wood school li
teraturestudy thesi
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c ni
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SPACE[ internalstreet] TRANSI TI
ON [internalstreet]
The“ internalstreet”actsasaspi net ouni t
et hecl assr oomsandext e-t ransit
ion spot
shappen atvar ying intervalsthroughoutthe int
er nal
riorspaces.Fr om thisspace,st udentsmayaccesscl assr oomsi none st reet.Thecurvil
inearnatureoft hei nternalstr
eetistrul
yreflectedi n
direct i
onandout doorspacesi nt heot her.thecur vil
inearf eatur
esoft hepur ecurvealongt heglazedwal l
.Ont heoppositewallwhichcon-
thisi nternalstreet.wher eonemaynot ethegl azingact stohi ghli
ghtt ainsthesensor ycorkwal l
,thest udent sdonotmovei nacompl etely
the cor k wal lon the opposi t
e side.The amountofl ightis evenly cur vi
li
nearpath;rather,t
heyf eelthesuddenchangewhent herei san
spr ead and notover whelming tot hose wi t
hl ow vi si on.acti nthis appr oachi
ng transiti
on between t he i nter
nalst r
eet and anot her
space–anechoof ft hehardfloormat erialdissipatesupi ntothehi gh space.St udentsar eabletomovegr acefull
yalongt hesensor ywal l
ceiling.Somesoundi salsoabsor bedi ntothecor kwal l.Thisspace andf eelopeningsal ongthet acti
lehandr ail
wi l
lbel ouderthant heclassroom spacest odenot ei ti smor eheavi-
l
y- occupi ed.

Space.Byaut
hor t
act
il
e.Byaut
hor
. Vi
sual
.Byaut
hor
.
SPACE[pointofentry]
Space.Byaut
hor Acoust
ic.Byaut
hor
. Vi
sual
.Byaut
hor
.
Asyou approach one ofthe entrancesofHazel wood School ,This
EDGE[i
nternalstreet]
] l
ackofboundaryandencl osi
ngf eatureonthet
opoft hespacemakes
Edgeofthei
nter
nalstreeti
smarkedst
rongl
ybyt
hecor
kwal
landr
e- theacoust
icsdissi
pateint
otheai raboveandar ound,Acoust i
cshave
i
nfor
cedbyast r
ipalongthefl
oor. nocontai
ner.Acousti
cchangehappensupont ransit
ioni nt
otheinter
i-
orspace,aswewi lldi
scussshor t
ly.Thespaceisdef inedbyat acti
le
groundsurf
ace–woodcover edi namet almesh.

Space.Byaut
hor Acoust
ic.Byaut
hor
. Vi
sual
.Byaut
hor
.
PATH [i
nternalstreet]
Ther ei
sno speci f
icpath withinthe space,al
t hough studentsmay Space.Byaut hor t
acti
le.Byaut
hor. acousti
c.Byaut
hor.
natural
lydri
ftmor etowar
dst hesensorywal lt
ogui det hem through EDGE[ pointofentry]
thespace.Silhouett
esportrayedal l
udetot hemovementofst udents Edgeoft hepoi ntofent ryisdef i
nedwel linthevisualandacoust i
c
ont hepat
h.thecor kport
ionoft hesensor ywall–amat eri
althatab-sense,butnotspeci f
icall
yi nthetactil
esense.Ther eisnochangei n
sorbssound.Thishelpstodul lsoundononesi deoft hepat h,making materi
al,besidesthe userbumpi ng i
ntothe wallto know the edge
anacousticpulltowardst
hemor equietarea.Thet acti
lehandr ai,as Acoust
l i
cally
,theedgeasyougetcl osertothepoi ntofentryismor e
wellasavental ongt heopposi t
esideoft hepat hTheset acti
lefea-definedandasmal l
erar ea.
tur
esdenot etheedgeofpat h.

Space.Byaut
hor t
act
il
e.Byaut
hor
. acoust
ic.Byaut
hor
.
Space.Byaut
hor Acoust
ic.Byaut
hor
. Vi
sual
.Byaut
hor
.
PATH [ pointofentry]
LANDMARK [ i
nternalstreet] ]
Ther ei snopr escri
bed
Thisisoneoft hemor esuccess- path t
o meander
fulwaysatorientingpeopl ewi t
hin through t he space of
a path.The grooveson t he cork thi
spoi ntofent r
y,but
walllettheuserknow ( iftheyar e thereisadi r
ectpathto
runningthei
rhandal ongthewal l
) the door i nto Hazel-
thattheyareappr oachingaspe- wood Schoolf rom the
cif
icroom basedont heamountof pointatwhi cht hi
sper-
grooves.The wal lalso absor bs spective Ther ei s no
the sound ofchildren movi ng in mat eri
al or acoust i
c
thehallwaybet weencl asses. changeal ongthispathSpace.Byaut
hor t
act
il
e.Byaut
hor
.
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Hazel
wood Schoolthesouth ofGlasglow li
teraturestudy thesi
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9-i
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tuti
on for amauroti
c ni
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Center for theBli
nd

Classroom the Mexico Ci ty governmentt o pr ovi

de
Spor t
sf i
eld servi
cestooneoft hemostdi sadvantaged
Dressup andhighly-populatedar easoft hecity;Iz-
Swimmi ngpool tapal
apa is t
he di
stri
ct wit
h thelargestv i
-
suall
yimpai r
edpopul ati
oni ntheMexi can
Machi neroom
capit
al.
Audi t
orium
Cafeteri
a Archi
tect:TallerdeAr quit
ectura – Maur i
-
Lobby cioRocha
Li
br ary Locati
on:Mexi coCi t
y,Mexi co
Managementof f
iceYear:2001

Par
kingar
ea

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414251035
Archi
tectureW orkshop-Mauri
cio Rocha CenterfortheBlind and Visually Impaired li
teraturestudy thesi
s201
9-i
nsti
tuti
on for amauroti
c ni
vasp
SPACE[
mai
n outdoor corri
dor] TRANSI
TION [
mai
n outdoor corri
dor] SPACE[
smalloutdoor corri
dor]
] TRANSI
TION [
smalloutdoor corri
dor]
]

space int wo areaswi thinthe Centerf orthe Blind Transit

ioninthemai nout doorspaceoccur sasyou A smal loutdoorcor ri
dorrunspar all
eltot he Tactil
et r
ansition isevidentand obvi ousfor
andVi sual lyImpairedmai noutdoorcor r i
dorinpl an crossthewat erchannelt oent eranotherpor t
ionof mai n outdoorcor r
idor.
The sound on the lef
tt hosewi thasi ghtcane,asi tisachangei n
aswel lasanar r
ow todenot ewher ethevi ew i
nper -t he complexAs user s cross t
he wat er,thereisa i
s open i nr elati
on tot he large volumes t hesizeoft het il
es.
specti
ve i s.You can see t hatthe outdoorspace i n change in materialThis change i
nt actil
it
y actsto wher eas the planes tothe ri
ghtar e placed A sightcaneuserwoul df eelthetil
echange
generalgoes f rom wal lto wal
lface and br eeches war nt he user t hat t
he wat er channeli s being closer to each ot her and create echo t o and not ethatt her eis something ofimpor-
acrossachannelofwat errunni
ngf r
om lefttorightin crossed and he orshe i stransit
ioning fr
om one denot easmal lerspace.The“ lar
ge”soundt ot ancei nli
newi t
ht hemat eri
ali
tychange.The
thediagr am.Ther earenoover hangsi ntothemai n spacet oanother.Thewat erchannelal soactsasan theleftand“ smal l
”soundt other i
ghtdenot e change isnotasobvi ousf orthose who ob-
space,soi thasaver yopenf eel. acousti
cwar ning thelar geandsmal lvol
umesofspaces:l arge servet hespacevi sual
ly.Multi
-sensoryexpe-
veryopenspace,t hereisnoupwar dboundar yt othe gather i
ngspacesver sussmallerclassrooms r ience could be enhanced by changi ng the
acoustics;t herefore,the space sounds ver y open, coloraswel last extur
e,notonl ythesi zeof
vast,andunencl osed thet i
les.

Space.Byaut
hor t
act
il
e& acoust
ic.Byaut
hor Vi
sual
.Byauthor Space.Byaut
hor
THRESHOLD [
mai
n outdoor corri
dor] EDGE[ smalloutdoor corridor]]
Acoust
ic,t
act
il
eByaut
hor Space.Byaut
hor
Space.Byaut
hor Visual
.Byaut
hor
EDGE[ thresholdt o ent
er another space occur s on the Edgeoft hesmal loutdoorcorridorisdenot ed
he THRESHOLD [
mai
n outdoor corri
dor] smalloutdoor corri dor]]
cross-axest hatr
unperpendiculart othechannelof mos ts pecif
ical
ly in t
he tact
il
e natur
e oft
Whi l
ethesi ghtedcanseet helargehardbl ocksas wat er
actasamovementf r
om onespacet oanother, wallclassroomsOnemaywal kal ongt hecor-
Thresholdsfrom themai nout doorspacel ead
an edge- definer,someone who i s bli
nd f i
nds the ast heyr amp down tothe smallout doorcor r
idors. r
idor w hile f
eeli
n g the wa l
l to get a good
tothe sma l
lou t
d oorc orr
idor. The l
att
e rtr
an-
edgewi ththet ouchoft hei
rcane.Wallshavegr ooves Theycr eatemomentsofcompr essionbefor emoving senseoft herhythm oft hespace.Si nceitis
sit
ion zone mo ves us from t
h e pat
h int
o the
i
nt hem,mar kingaspeci fi
ctypeofroom byt hest ei
yl ntot he nextspace,al t
hough t herei s no vertcal a r
i elatively smallerspace compar ed t othe
thr
e shol
d. This t
hres hol
d i
s t
h e space be-
oft he pattern on the wal l
sThi
st echnic could be compr essionOpennessoft hethresholdmakest hem mai nout doorcor ri
dor,thereflecti
onofsound
tween theo ut
d oor zone an dthe indoor gat
h-
usefulforthe desi gn pr snotde-easyt
ocess.The edge i ofindandeasyt ohavemul ti
pleuser satthe offt he wal l
s willnotbe as l oud,ther ef
ore
eri
n g r
ooms A h ori
zo nt
a lplane a bove each
fi
ned by a di sti
nctchange i ntext
ure ormat eri
al;samet ime. marking edge ofspace wi t
ht he r
hyt hm of
l
oud and softnoises. thr
eshold stands as an acoust ic markerfor
r her
at ,thevi sitormayheart hesoundechoi ngof ft
he users who ent er t he r ooms The subt l
e
walls change int i
le size as one appr oaches the
thr
esholdt oent erthegat her i
ngspacecoul d
beemphasi zedmor est rongly

spaceByaut
hor t
hreshol
d.Byaut
hor Vi
sual
.Byaut
hor Space.Byaut
hor
LANDMARK [
mai
n outdoor corri
dor]
PATH [
smalloutdoor corri
dor]
]
acoust
ic.Byaut
hor space.Byaut
hor
Landmar kasanar chit
ectur alelementi sani mport- The pat h oft he smal lout doorcor r i
dorr uns
PATH [main outdoor corri dor] ant piece i
n t
h i
s ma ino utdoo rcorri
dor,as itseeks t
o alongt heopeni ngt ot hesmal lerrooms, This
orienttheuser( bothbl i
ndandsi ght
ed).Landmar kis i
snott hewi destpar toft hepat h,buti tmain-
Themai npat hthrought hespacer unsalongachan- typical
ly aresultof theo t
h er el
e ments,and be comes tains a relat
ionshi p witht hose smal lrooms Acousti
c,vi
sualByauthor thr
eshol
d.Byaut hor
nelofwat erThechannelofwat erori
entsvisit
orsin that el
e men twh i
ch users se ek t
o ori
en tthems el
ves and al l
owsaccesst ot hose spaces. allowing
the di
rect
ion oft he main gatherng spaceSound ofi
i n a space.The acoust icl andmar kist he sound of anacoust i
cqual i
tytor einfor
cet heideat hatLANDMARK [ smalloutdoor corri dor] ]
the waterdirects and ori
entst he vi
sit
or,whilethe the w aterch annelw hi
c h r
u ns t
hrougho utthe entir
e thespacesi ndi r
ectr elationtot hispat har e
pathi sfar enough away f rom the wallfaces to outdo orspa ce.T here i
s a s t
rip ofpebbles along t
he smal lclassrooms.Achangei nt acti
lequal iy Whenwal
t kingt hroughthesmal loutdoorcor -
denoteasepar at
espaceandacoust icquali
ty.
atac- w ater’
s edge tow arn some o ne t
h atadrop isco ming. differ
entiates the pat hf rom t he restoft he ri
dor,thestron gestori
en t
ing l
an dma r
k i
s t
he
ti
le warni
ng so thatthe bli
nd feelitwiththeirsi
ght A nother l
a ndma rk prima r
ily for the si
g ht
e d is t
he space.suppl yingat actilewar ningt hatonei sr hyt
hm ofnoi ses coming from each oft he
caneanddonotf alli
ntothechannel . l
ar gebui l
dingint hedi stance.I tisdiff
erentfrom the movi ngonorof fthepat h openings high l
ight
ed T he rhythm no t onl
y
restandt hereforeahi erarchicallandmar k comesacr ossvi sual
ly

vi
sual acoust
ic, ,
tact
il
e pat
h.Byaut
hor Acoust
ic,vi hor l
sualByaut andmar
k.Byaut
hor
vi
sual acoust
ic, ,
tact
il
e pat
h.Byaut
hor spaceByaut
hor t
act
il
e,acoust
icvi
sualByaut
hor

921
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Archi
tectureW orkshop-Mauri
cio Rocha CenterfortheBlind and Visually Impaired li
teraturestudy thesi
s201
9-i
nsti
tuti
on for amauroti
c ni
vasp
Géza Kendi
k archi
tect-designed thehomeofthe18+children.
Theiraim wasasimple,saf
eanduserf riendlybui
ldi
ng,whichservestheli
feofthechi
ldrenThei nst
it
utewasfoundedin1898,Budapest.
Mostoft hechi
ldr
enwhoar elivi
ngherehavemul t
ipl
edisadvantages.Therearebli
nds,disableds,mental
lyr
etardeds,andmostofthem
areorphans.Thestatesupportsthem unti
ltheageof18.Af t
erthisagetheyhavenopl acet ogot o..
Archit
ects:A4Studi
oLocation:Hungar yAr ea:1500.0sqm

Ourai m was a simpl e,safe and userf ri

endly buil
ding,whi ch
servest helif
eoft hechildren.Mostoft hecor ri
dorsgetnat ur al
l
ight,whi chhelpst heorientati
onoft heblinds.Thest rongl i
ght
transmissionisreducedbyt heper f
orat
edmet alsheet s.These
sheetsar eplacedinf r
ontoft helargeglasssurfaces.Theper fo-
rati
oni sformedf r
om br ail
lesubt i
tl
es,withthef ol
lowingwor ds:
trust
,home,shel terandl ove.Si zeandl ocati
onoft hewi ndows
aredi f
ferentinever ybedroom,whi chcanal sohelpt heor i
enta-
ti
onf orthekids.

Thenew bui
ldi
ngi
sconnectedtotheexi
sti
ngone,wi
thabridge.I
nthefi
rstt
wof
loor
soft
he5st
oreybui
ldi
ngar
ethecommonspaces,
act
ivi
tyr
oomsandthedini
ngr oom.I
nthe3upperfl
oorsar
et hebedr
ooms.

Desi
gnedar
ea
No ramps.
functi
onalplan
properventilation
spati
alaccommodati on
easyaccess
barrierfreemovement
playofsun path

ground floor plan fri

stfloor plan (
livi
ng floor)

921
414251035
Batthyany Laszlo li
ghthouseI
nsti
tutefor theBli
nd li
teraturestudy thesi
s201
9-i
nsti
tuti
on for amauroti
c ni
vasp
 RULESANDREGULATI ONS BUILDING HEI GHTS
about
Thebuil
dingconstr uctedfoll
owingt herulesofmadur ai
urbandev op-Thebui
el l
dinghei ghtsofthebuildi
ngint hes i
teis10m (schoolblockwi
th3fl oorsheight)
Architect:Y.R.Ramnat h and voca t
ionalt
ra i
ngingblockisa r
oun d7 m hei
ghtw i
th2 floo r
s.
mentands pec i
ficdes i
gnc onsiderati
onforblindandv i
suall
yimpai
red
rm :CSdes
Fi i
gnersPvt.l
td,
Chennai
. Themi nimum s etbac ksbetweent hebuildi
ngswer emaintainedas6m thustheshadow
i
salsotakeintoac count.
Contractor:K. Rangaraj
an,Ran- cast byt hebuildingdoesnotf allontheot herbuil
dingsthereby al
l
owi
ngproperv enti
l
a-
consengineer
s ,Chennai. t
ionandl i
ghti
ng.
TOPOGRAPHY
te:3.
si 50acres( approx)
Thecentr
ei slocatedinafl atlandwi t
hc ountablenumberoftreeswih DORMI
t TORY
buituparea:42000S
l q.
ft The f
ac i
li
tyishomet oaround300c hi
ldrenwhostayont hec ampusandmak ethemost
pl
easantenv i
ronment .
form :Li
near ofthethought f
ullypl
annedf aci
l
iti
es.
year:1992 The spac i
ous di
n i
n ghallaccomo dat
es120c hi
ldr
enatat i
me.
NOISEPOLLUTI ONSTUDY
SI
TE Noi
seinthes i
teismai nl
yduet othetrafficinal agar
kovil
mainroadand SPACEANAL YSIS
somenoi
sei
spr
oducedbyt
hepar
kingi
nthec
ent
ralcour
t.
ST
ORAGE L
ADI
ESHOST
EL T
OIL
ET

LANDSCAPEFEATURES
commer
cial
n
ai

I
nthec entreofsit
etherei
slar
geopens pacelef
tunbui
lt
whi chisplant
-
ad lm

edwithc ountabl
enumberoft r
eesandt hespaceisus edasout door
ro ovi

1 SECONDF
LOORPL
AN
gat
heri
ngs pace.Thi
sisusedalsof
orparki
ng.Duetothec ent
ralcourt
-
k
ar
ag

yar
dairget sc i
rcul
atedpr
operl
yandgiv esenoughdayl i
ghti
ngtot he
Al

bui
ldi
ng.
Agr
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tur
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Nestledi nthev il
lageofs undar aj
anpat t
iintheouterfri
nges LI
BRARY

ofmadur aiint ami l

nadu,t hei ndianas sos i
ati
onf orbli
nd
(I
AB)pr omis esthev isuall
yc hal l
engedal i
feofc onfidence
and oppur tuniti
es .
av isuall
yc hallenged ac t
ivi
st,I AB has GROUNDF
LOORPL
AN
beent hepi oneeri nempower ingt hev i
suallychall
engedto-
wardss elf-r eli
anc ethroughv ari
ousi ni
ti
atives.
HavingUnder gonenumer ousstr ugglestoc ompletehised-CAREERANDSKI LLTRAI NING
andsStudentsar etaughtski
ll
ss uchask eyboardtypi
ng,internetus age MEN’
S
ucati
on,J innahenv is
ionedac hangedf utureforthous HOST
EL
ofvisually-chall
engedc hil
drensbypr ovi
dingt hem educa- andfamil
i
a r
izedw i
thsof
tware packages l
ikeMS offi ceand a dvanced
t
ion. wi
ndowsf uncti
onal
it
y.
I
ntensi
vet r
aini
ng toint
erf
ac e wi
tht he computerus i
ng J aws( Job RESI
DENT
IALSPACE

Thisdr eam l edt oestabl ishingI AB,t hei nstitut

et hathas accesswit
h speech)andN VDA fur
the rempo wer
s t
he stu dents.
ADMI
NIST
RAT
IVESPACE
mader emar kabl
epr ogress,beiti
nt henumberofli
v esit MEN’
S
hastouc hedornumer ouss ervi
cesthatarebei
ngoffer ed.ComputerLbhas40c omputerswithroundtheclockint
ernetaccess HOST
EL
EDUCAT
IONALSPACE
Currentl
y,inTamil
nadu,outof t
heeduc at
edandvocat
ional-
l
yt r
ainedv isual
l
yc hall
engedpeople,arebei
ngeducat ed,Around 300 vi
sual
lyc hall
enged people acqui
rec omputerli
ter
acy
CI
RCUL
ATI
ONSPACE
rehabil
i
tatedandev enempl oyedbyIAB. thr
oughitswel
lthrough out
progr
amme s.

MEN’
S
HOST
EL

OF
FICE

GREENSPACE

OF
FICE

KI
TCHEN DI
NING CL
ASS CL
ASS CL
ASS CL
ASS CL
ASS CL
ASS CL
ASS

921
414251035
i
ndi
an associ
ati
on ofthebli
nd casestudy thesi
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9-i
nsti
tuti
on for amauroti
c ni
vasp
consept

eachclassr equi
res1 st
or-
agelocker
s,14t o18t
ables.
1longshelves.

CLASSROOM nopermenentf
urni
tur
es
cl
asses has cr
ossv ent
il
a-
t
ion.

pat
hwasl i
nearandfuncti
onalunwant
edcurvesmayaffec tt
heki
nesthi
sa gr
id mov ement f
or easy
oft
hebli
nd. ac
c ess.
easyaccessf
rom oneplacetoanot
herpl
ace.
cl
assr
oom,hostel,
groundaretri
angl
econnectf
orm access cl
assr
ooms ar e easyi
l
y
accessf
rom cor
ri
der
.

CORRI
DER

BACK ENTRANCE

921
414251035
i
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an associ
ati
on ofthebli
nd casestudy thesi
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9-i
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tuti
on for amauroti
c ni
vasp
FRONTENTRANCE BACK ENTRANCE

BRAI
LLEPRESS

PRESSMACHI
NEROOM

COMPUTER LAB T NG &BRAI

ALKI LLELI
BRARY
.

DINNING 6 0’X 48’

seat
i
ngfor100peopl
es/buthar
dforbl
i
ndk
inest
hesi
a

CORRIDOR
i
thasfr
ee walkabl
espace
i
thasproperv
entil
at
ion

CHESSBOARD CLASSROOM 2 6’X 20’ HOSTELBLOCK

spar
ksi
ntr
est
i
ngi
deas. 20member
spercl
ass/spaci
ous/buti
rr
egul
arar
rangementoft
abl
es,nonar
chi
t
ect
uri
zedr
ooms. smoot
hti
l
e/r
iskf
orwal
k WORKSHOP20’X 1
8’
921
414251035
i
ndi
an associ
ati
on ofthebli
nd REQUIRMENT&PHOTOS casestudy thesi
s201
9-i
nsti
tuti
on for amauroti
c ni
vasp
 SI
TE i
ntroducti on
about
st
.j
os ephs eededbyar chitectofmi serorassociati
on.l andppr op- storage
Architect:MISEREOR. ert
ieswasdonat edbymi sereor .madur ai
”s1steduc ati
onal school
te:3.
si 40acres(approx) f
orblindi n1976.nowitwashi ghers econdrys chool forbli
nd.peo-
buituparea:13600S
l q.
ft pl
e’swel ltr
ainedinmus icalands port.
year:1976 t
hes pat i
alarrangementandk inesti
sawaseas yf orbl i
ndt oac ess
f
rom onepl ac etoanother.
t
hought hedes i
gnwasnotwel lmoder nised&t ec hnolised,butits
hi
ghlyf unci
ti
onal &moder nisedat1976.
storage

Tact
il
eel
ementusedonthepathways.
andcour
tyar
dusedasrest
ingpeace.

Pl
anterboxhasthechar
act
eroft
act
il
e,
whi
chguidesthebli
nd

Typi
cal"
classroom"plan.18-
21
st
udent can accommodat
e per
cl
assr
oom

school1400sqm
requirmants
kinaesthesia groundfl oorplan fri
stfl
oorplan st
affhostel800sqm
2HALL
l
inearmovementhelptoi
dent
if
ytheplace.
nodi
str
act
ionori
rr
egu- 7CLASSROOM
l
arar r
angementofroom,f
orcl
assroomsdoorspl
acedatthebe- 1STAFFROOM
N gini
ngofarr
ivalt
otakeeasymovement. BOYSHOSTEL&GI RLSHOSTEL
TOILETS SPORTSROOM
cl
asseshaspr
opervent
il
ati
on&l
i
ght
ing. KITCHEN PLAYGROUND
DINNING PARKING
hal
l
s&commonspaceusedf
orl
owvi
si
onpeopl
es. MUSI CROOM STAFFHOSTEL
TALKING LI
BRARY CHURCH
musi
croom &st
orage f
ort
hei
rinst
rument
sar
eeasyaccessabl
e. MUL TI
PURPOSEHALL LABOURSROOM

921
414251035
st.
joseph schoolfor bli
nd,madurai casestudy sheet1 thesi
s201
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on for amauroti
c ni
vasp
 G

HALL/PARTI
TIONED CLASS

921
414251035
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joseph schoolfor bli
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c ni
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I
NTRODUCTI
ON Visual l
yI mpai red:r educ edv isions os ev ereast oc ons t
ituteahandi cap.T actil
eAr chitectur e
Whati saBar ri
er -Fr eeEnv i
ronment ? Thisi sac ollec ti
v et erm us edt odes cribeal lc ondi ti
onsofi mpai r
edv i
s on,Bl
i i
ndpeopl el i
v ei nawor ldofs urfac es.Theyc anonl yus et heirs enseof
t
o uc h w i
thi
n t
h e ra di
u s o ftheir arms an dhe n ce rely on th i
s s en se f
o rde-
Abar rier -freeenv i
ronmenti sas pac et hatal l
ows forf reeands afemov e-inc ludingt ot al blindnes saswel laspar tial sight
t
er mini ngthei rex ac tloc ation.T ac t
il
eai dspr ovidei nfor mat ionaboutt hei r
ment ,f unc ti
onandac ces sforal l,r egar dles sofage,s exorc ondi tion.Bl i
nd:i nabi l
it
yt os eewi tht hephy sicaley es,wi thouts ight
pos i
tionwi thinanenv ironmentbyt hef eeloft hei rs ur r
oundi ngs urf
ac es
As pac eoras etofs er vicest hatc anbeac c ess edbyal l
,wi thoutobs ta-Par ti
allySi ght ed:wi thr esidual v i
sion
by h an d or und erfoo t
. C han ge s in fl
o orte xtures t
o d eli
n e ate dif
fere nt
c l
es ,wi thdi gni tyandwi thasmuc hi ndependenc easpos sible.Theenv -LegalBl
i indnes s( Legal lyBl ind):aper s oni sc ons i
der ed" l
egal l
ybl ind"
ronmentmeansbui l
di ngs ,r oads ,par ks,gardensandot herpl aces ,s er-whent hei rv isualac uityi s20/ 200orl es si nt hebet terey e.Aper sonwhoar easar eus eful aids.
v i
c es ,modesof trans por tation,pr oduc t
sofdai lyus e,et c.Ther ei sapopu-i sl egal lybl indi sel i
giblef ordi sabili
tybenef i
tsandr ec ogni s edashav inga A hi ghl yt acti
leenv i-
larbel i
eft hatar ampandanel ev ator /
lif
tisal lt
hati sneededt omak e handi c ap. ron me n t gi
v es a
bui lts pac ebar rier-free. Itmus tbec l
ear l
yunder stoodt hatbar r
ier–free- Kina e sthes i
a:t heper cept i
onoft hebodi espos i
tionandmov ement ,t he bui l
dingr i
c hnes sand
goesf arbey ondj us tar ampandhasmanyot her nec es s aryas pec t
s.s ens ationac c ompany ingt hemov ementofmus cles . adept hwhi chc anbe
Thes er angef rom doorandpas s agewi dthst of loor i
ngs ur f
ac es ,fr om TheHumanSens ob se rve d b y the
es
c ount erhei ght st odoorhandl esandr ail
ings ,f r
om s ignageandaudi toryPeopl blind, t he par t
ially
eus ef ouroft heirfives ens es-s ight ,s ound,t ouc hands mel l-i n
s i
gnal st ot ac til
egui des . sigh ted , an d the
vary i
ngdegr eesands omet imess ubc ons c i
ous lywheni nt erac t
ingwi t
ht he
sight edper son.
Whoal l fac ebar riers ? builtenv i
r onment .Byl ook i
ngateac hs ens ei ndependent lywec andi sti
n-
Ont hef ac eofi t,i tisonl yper sonswi t
hdi s abi l
it
iesf orwhom bar r
ier sgui s hhoweac hs ens ei sus ed.Thec ons equenc ewhenones ens eisr e-•Di ffer enti
atings urfac esc ani dent i
fydi ff
erentar easwi thinabui l
ding
bec omemaj orobs tac les .Howev er,i tisnec es saryt or eal i
s et hatev er ymov edori tsef fec t
ivenes sr educ edi st hatt heot hers ens esar egr eater•Di ffer entedgest os ur fac espr ov i
deawar ningofc hange
per s on,ats omes tageofl if
e,f ac esbar r
iers.As mal lc hild,anel der yordependedupon.
l •Differ enti
atings urfac espr ovideawar ni
ngofhaz ards
infirm per son,apr egnantl ady ,thet empor ar i
lydi sabl ed,al lar ev ulner a-Si ght •Gui des tr
ipsgi v edi rec ti
onal aids
blet obar ri
er s .Ther ef ore,t ol i
s toutpeopl eaf fectedbybar riers . Sighti st hes ens emos treliedupon.Ourv isional lowsust oc ompr ehend
-Wheel c hai rus er s i
ma g es th a ta re fa ra nd ne a r.We can s e e t
h e na ture o f objec t
s, w hether
-Peopl ewi thl imi tedwal k i
ng/ t
heyar es moot horr ough,s oftorhar d.Ourey esr ef lec ttheenv i
ronment
mov ementabi lit
ies bac kt ous .Les st han10% ofv i
sual l
yi mpai redpeopl ear et otallybl i
nd.I t
-Peopl ewi thv isual impai rment i
s th ere fore imp ortan tn ot to exc l
u de the inc l
u sion o f v i
su a leleme nt
s i
n
orl owv is i
on t
hewayofbol df or ms ,tonal c ontras t
sandc olour .
-Peopl ewi thhear i
ngi mpai rment Sound
-El der lyandi nfirm per s ons Foraper s onwi thouts ight.t hemos tinf ormat iveanddev elopeds ens eis
-Pr egnantl adi es hear ing. Soundi somni -dir
ec ti
onalpr ov idingi nfor mat ionaboutac ti
viti
es
-Chi ldr en whi char eal lar ound,f arornear .Soundgi v eswar ningandof f
ersdi rec-
-Peopl ewi tht empor arydi sabilit
ies t
ion.Bui l
di ngsr et urns oundt ous ,s t
ruc turingandar ti
c ulatingourunder -
st
andi ngofs pac e.
Whyi si tnec es sar yt or emov ebar rier s?
Bar riersmak eanenv i
ronmentuns afeandc aus eahi ghl ev elofdi f
ficultyT ouc h
tot heus er.Butmor ei mpor t
ant ly,bar ri
er sc aus es pac est obeoutof Tex turec anonl yof ferinformat i
onatar msl engt h.T ex tur ec anbei nforma-
reac h,deny ingpeopl et heoppor t
uni tyofpar tic i
pat i
oni nv ar iouss pher est ivebutc annotgi vei nformat ionabouts omet hi ngal ongdi s t
anc eaway ,
ofl ife.Thi sr angesf rom educ at i
on,ec onomi c,s oc ial,c ulturalandmanyonl yt hatwhi c hi si mmi nent .
ot herac tivities .Thi sl os sofoppor tuni t
yi snotonl yal os sf ort heper s on Smel l
c onc ernedbutal sos oc iety ’
slos swhi chmi ssesoutont hei rc ont ri
bution. Sme llisr arelyus edasadi rec t
ionalc l
ue.Howev eri tc anbeus edasa
Si mpl yput ,abar rierc aus esex clus ionandi tsr emov alisnec es sar yf ors our ceofi nfor mat ionandgui danc e.Ac offees hop,f orex ampl e,emi tsan
ens ur i
ngi nc l
us i
onandpar tici
pat ionofal li
ns oc i
et y. aroma o fc offe e d i
s closing its loca t
ion to t
h e v i
s ua l
ly i
mp air
e d pers on.
Acous ticAr chitec ture
Fort hev i
s ual l
yi mpai redas pac eisunder stoodandappr eciatedt hrough
Ex plic i
tlySt at ed: -
i
tsec ho.As ounds ourc ec anpr ov i
dedi rectionalgui danc e.Hear i
ngpr o-
-Di ffer entgui del inesgav ev aryings etsofpar amet ers .Thought hev ar i
-
vi
desamedi um ofi ns tructi
onandagui dei nmov ement .Commons oundsLy nc h( 1992,p. 1)s tat est hatev eryi ns t
anti nt hec ityr epr es entsmor e
anc ewasnotv er yhi gh,y etitwasl eadi ngt oc onfus iondur ingac tual de-
withinbui ldingspr ov i
dec l
uess ot hes es oundss houl dnotbes uppr es sed.t hanwhatt heey ec ans eeorwhatt heearc anhear .Ev erys ett
ingi s
signi ng.Ov erandabov e,t heques tional way swas
Thes oundofac ashr egi st
erwi t
hinas hopgi v esdi r ec tionort her umbl ing wai ti
ngt obemor edeepl yex plored.Not hingi sex per i
enc edi nis ol
ation,
–whi chgui del inest of ollow? b uta l
w aysin rela ti
on to it
s su rr
o un ding s.Th e se que n ce o fe ven t
s lead-
ofes calat orsort hec himeswhent hel iftdoor sopenal lpr ovidec lues
-Mos toft hegui del inesi nus ewer eofi nternat i
onalor igin.Ther ewasa ingupt ot heex perienc er epres entt hememor i
esoft hepas t
.Cons e-
aboutt hebui ldingsl ayout .
f
el tneedofgui del inesadapt edt oI ndi anc ondi t
ionsandt ai l
or edt ol oc al quent ly,thisr eint erpret ati
onoft heTPAbui ldingwi l
li ntroduc ethenew
needs . withr es pec tfort hepr es enc eoft hepas t
.
-Itwasal s of el tthatt heac tualex per i
enc esofpeopl ewi thdi f
ferenc es
andt hebar rier st heyf ac eneedt obei ncor por ated. Arc hitec t
urel eadst heenc ount eringbodyi nt oi t
shi ddenf or m wher e
-Mos tdes igner s had ex pres sed t he need f orc onc ise,c l
earand thei nher entabi litytoar ous ement al i
magesc har gedwi t
hemot ional
eas y -to- us egui del ines .Wi t
ht hisbac kground,needandr ational e,t his connot ati
onsi sfound.Thes eimagesar eroot edi nt hei ndi vidual’sown
par ti
c ulardes ignmanual hasbeenc ompi led. perc ept i
onsands ens or ymemor i
es

921
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sensory archi
tecturespeacialstudy sheet1 thesi
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sensory Desi gn Consi derati ons Design Consi derati ons
Av oidgl areandr eflection,whi chareof t
enc aus edbys hinnyorglossyT exture:Tex t
urec anas si
sti
npr ov i
dingorientat
ionc l
uesaboutas pace.Thekey
surfac es. f
orthedes igneristout i
li
zetheT extureopt i
mall
yandc ons i
deri
ngthefol
lowi
ng:
Plac elights our cesi nloc ationst oavoidc reatings hadows .Shadowsc an
creat eopt i
cal il
lusions .
Dis tri
butel i
ghtl evel sthr oughoutdi f
ferents pac esasmanypeopl ehave
dif
fic ul
tyadjus tingt ofluc tuationsinlightlev els.
I
nc ludet as kands potlight ingt oaugmentt heov eral
lli
ghti
ngs yst
em.
Us eofdi mmers witchesal lowsl i
ghtl evelst obeadj ustedtos ui
tthe
uniqueneedsofus ers..
Ac olourc ontras tof70% i sgener all
yac ceptedi nmanyc ountr
iesasthe
pref err
edamountt odef inei tems . Usingmat eri
alseas i
lyident
if
iedi ntermsoft exture.
Ac olourc ontras tof70% i sgener all
yac ceptedi nmanyc ountr
iesasthe Usingdet ec t
ablewar ningsurf
ac eswhi chhav eat extur
et hat
pref err
edamountt odef inei tems . canbef el
tunderf ootordetec t
edbyaper sonus i
ngal ong
Col ourst o av oid us i
ng t oget herinclude:r ed/black,yellow/
grey,yel
- cane to al
e rt
s ape rson whois vi
sua l
lyimp ai
red t
o a hazard.
l
ow/ white,red/gr een,bl ac k /viol
etandbl ue/green. Usingt act
iles i
gns .
Limi tus e ofc ol
ourand k eep colours chemes s imple and avoid
Ful
lvi
sualf
iel
dand20/
20 40degr
eeconeofvi
si
on.
l
ar ge- scal
epat t
erns .Keepi ngi nmi ndt hatt oomanyCol our
sus edin Providingdi f
fer
entr everber
ationes peciall
yforf l
oorssov i
s-
des ignc anc r
eat ec onf us i
on. uall
yi mpairedc anobt ainafeel ofthes pace.

Provi
deac oust
ical
l
ywell-
def
inedpos
iti
onit
emss uchases-
calat
ors,f
ount
ains,andel
evator
stocr
eateusef
ulsounds.

Avoi
dnoi sesourcesf
rom masksoundsi
ntendedt
opr
ovi
de
di
rect
ionalcues.

20/
40vi
sualacui
t
y. Bi
tempor
alHemi
anopsi
a

Smell:Smel l
sc anassi
sti
ndefi
ningaspacef
orvi
sual
l
yi mpai
red.Smell
maybe
natur
al orart
if
icial
.
Scot
oma I
nfer
iorHemi
anopsi
a. Ther ounduni t
st ogi
vewarni
ngattheendofthepavementsoasnott oover
-
come.
Alsotoalertpeoplewit
hvi
suali
mpair
mentsoft
hei
rapproacht
os t
reet
sandhaz-
ardousdr op-
off
s

Degr
ee:Vi
sualFi
eldi
snor
mal
-
l
y measur
ed i
nter
ms ofde-
gr
eesf
rom t
hecent
er.
20/
100vi
sualacui
ty
. 20degr
eeconeofvi
si
on.
Peopl
e wi
th nor
malvi
sion ar
e
abl
etot
osee:
-95°t
owar
dst
heearf
rom t
he
Thewal li
slaidwithdiff
erentt
ext
uresandindiff
erentconf
igurat
ions.Fr
agr
ant
,
cent
er. ri
chlytext
uredplantsalsoinvi
tet
ouchi
ngands mell
ing.
-60°t
owar
dst
henosef
rom t
he Theyc ascadeov ert
hewal landgrowineasi
lyreachedniches
cent
er. Visual
lyimpairedvisi
tor
sar eabl
etodetectchangesinairtemperat
ureandhu-
midit
yfrom thewaterwal l
.
-60°abovef
rom t
hecent
er.
20/
200vi
sualacui
ty
. Tot
albl
i
ndness. -75°bel
ow f
rom t
hecent
er.

921
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sensory archi
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sensory Design Considerati
ons
Text
ure:Text
urecanassi
sti
npr
ovi
dingor
ientat
ioncl
uesaboutaspace.Thekey
f
orthedes i
gneri
stout
il
izet
heText
ureopti
mall
yandc onsi
deri
ngthefol
lowi
ng:

921
414251035
sensory archi
tecturespeacialstudy sheet3 thesi
s201
9-i
nsti
tuti
on for amauroti
c ni
vasp
sensory Design Considerati
ons
Text
ure:Text
urecanassi
sti
npr
ovi
dingor
ientat
ioncl
uesaboutaspace.Thekey
f
orthedes i
gneri
stout
il
izet
heText
ureopti
mall
yandc onsi
deri
ngthefol
lowi
ng:

921
414251035
sensory archi
tecturespeacialstudy sheet4 thesi
s201
9-i
nsti
tuti
on for amauroti
c ni
vasp
sensory Design Considerati
ons
Text
ure:Text
urecanassi
sti
npr
ovi
dingor
ientat
ioncl
uesaboutaspace.Thekey
f
orthedes i
gneri
stout
il
izet
heText
ureopti
mall
yandc onsi
deri
ngthefol
lowi
ng:

921
414251035
sensory archi
tecturespeacialstudy sheet5 thesi
s201
9-i
nsti
tuti
on for amauroti
c ni
vasp
parki
ng lot tacti
lesi
gn handrai
ldetai
ls
CURBRAMP

V
A
R
I SHARED ACCESSAI
SLE
E
S

SYMBOLOFPAVEMENT
floor si
nage

2400 1500 2400

rampstandards

ki
neti
c clearances

Specialat t
ention shoul d
be paidt o designing the
entr
ancet oandexi tf
rom
uni
versaldesi
gn for bli
nds
the st
aircase wi t
h visual
and perhapst actilefloor
i
ndicators. Mock st eps
aretobeavoi ded.
KERBED SI
DES

human anthropomentry

921
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on sheet1 thesi
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nsti
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on for amauroti
c ni
vasp
parki
ng lot tacti
lesi
gn handrai
ldetai
ls
CURBRAMP

V
A
R
I SHARED ACCESSAI
SLE
E
S

SYMBOLOFPAVEMENT
floor si
nage

2400 1500 2400

rampstandards

ki
neti
c clearances

Specialat t
ention shoul d
be paidt o designing the
entr
ancet oandexi tf
rom
uni
versaldesi
gn for bli
nds
the st
aircase wi t
h visual
and perhapst actilefloor
i
ndicators. Mock st eps
aretobeavoi ded.
KERBED SI
DES

human anthropomentry

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human anthropomentry

GUI
DANCESYSTEM FOR BLI
ND,

Sleepi
ng-li
ving r
oom combi
nati
ons are notrecommended.Bed
rooms fort
he wheel
chai
rusers need morefl
oorarea t
o pr
ovi
de
wheel
chairci
rculati
on.
Thebedroom layoutshoul
dbesucht
hatt
hebedshoul
dnotbei
na
cornerofawal l.Atl east900mm shoul dbepr ovidedforawheel-
chairfrom t hesideoft hewal lforaccessandt hereshouldbelarge
enoughspacef ort r
ansferbyawheel chairuser,orforahelperto
assistint het r
ansf er.’
•Blind users are gener al
ly gui
ded by ,f
orexampl e,t he
Thebedshoul dbeatahei ghtf rom t
hegr oundt hatpermi
tswheel
functi
onbet weenf loorsandper manentf i
xturesli
kebase-
chairturningundert hebed.
boards.
Ami n.900mm wi dthshouldbekepti nf r
ontofbedr oom cl
osetand
•Thegener aldesignshoul dbeor ganizedwiththeideaof
anyot herf urnit
ure.
faci
lit
atingorientat
ionorpr ovidi
ngintermit
tentmarkers.
Clotheshangerr odshoul dbeatahei ghtbetween1050mm -1200
•Skillf
ullyalt
ernating
mm.Themax.andmi n.hei
ghtofshel fshouldbe1400and300mm,
mat erialsorusingacoust i
celementslikesounduni t
s,run-
andt her ecommendedzonei sfrom 450mm t o1200mm.
ning wat er
,orar t
ist
ic components can setaccent sthat
DOOR CLEARANCE
Anyt ypeofdoor ,hi nged,foldedorsl i
dingshoul d
haveami nimum cl earopeningof900mm whenf ully
open,excl
udi
ngt
hef
rameoranyot
hersuchpr
ojec-
ti
ons.
Revol
vingdoor
sandt
urnst
il
esshoul
dbesuppl
e-
ment
edwithauxi
li
arysi
dehungdoornotl
esst
han
900mm cl
ear
.
Two-way swing door
s musthave a cl
earvisi
on
panelplaced bet
ween 1000 t
o 1500 mm fr
om the
fi
nishedfl
oorleveltogi
vevisi
bil
it
ytotheothersi
de.
Inthecaseofdouble-
leafdoors,atleastonedoor
shoul
d have a mi
nimum opening cl
earance of900
mm.
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 Mult
is
ensorysigna
ge ,c ombini
ng “
ful
ls pat
ial
”T al
ki
ng sign sys
tem, pr ovi
ding a
t
acti
leand vi
sualtexta nd mapsa nd i
nfr
ared di
recti
ona l
ly
-sensi
ti
v evoic
e message,incl
udi
ng
t
alk
ingsi
gns.T
heL i
ghthouse,NewYork,
NY.Rogerbuss chedule
,t r
ansmit
tedbyi nf
rar
edlighttoa
Whit
ehouse&Compa ny,Gra
phics
. hand-held r ec
eiver
. S an F r
anci
sco, CA.
Smith-Ket
tl
ewel l
/Ta
lki
ngS i
gns
,Inc
.

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