Molecular Medicine Quiz 2014

Martin Nicklin
1. Which chemical element is not present in
human DNA or RNA but is normally
incorporated into growing protein chains
during translation (or choose F)?
A. nitrogen (N)
B. oxygen (O)
C. phosphorus (P)
D. chlorine (Cl)
E. sulphur (S)
F. Actually, all of the
above are present.

y
1. Which chemical element is not present in
human DNA or RNA but is normally
incorporated into growing protein chains
during translation (or choose F)?
A. nitrogen (N)
B. oxygen (O)
C. phosphorus (P)
D. chlorine (Cl)
E. sulphur (S)
F. Actually, all of the
above are present.

y
2. Which sugar moiety is the backbone sugar
component present in DNA (or select F)?

A. ribulose
B. 2-deoxyribose
C. ribose
D. 3-deoxyribulose
E. 2,3-dideoxyribose
F. none of the above are
present

a
2. Which sugar moiety is the backbone sugar
component present in DNA (or select F)?

A. ribulose
B. 2-deoxyribose
C. ribose
D. 3-deoxyribulose
E. 2,3-dideoxyribose
F. none of the above are
present

a
3. Which pair is odd man out (that is, has not the
same internal relationship as the other pairs)?
Choose F if all have the same relationship.

A. Glucose and glycogen

B. Galactose and polysaccharide
C. Thymidylic acid and DNA
D. Alanine and protein
E. Adenine and mRNA
F. All pairs are related in a similar way

b
3. Which pair is odd man out (that is, has not the
same internal relationship as the other pairs)?
Choose F if all have the same relationship.

A. Glucose and glycogen

B. Galactose and polysaccharide
C. Thymidylic acid and DNA
D. Alanine and protein
E. Adenine and mRNA
F. All pairs are related in a similar way
Adenine is a base, not a whole nucleotide subunit.
All of the other pairs are possible subunits and
polymers that contain them (after condensation
reactions involving the loss of water). b
4. Where, in this nucleoside, is the 5’-hydroxyl ?
(Hint: it’s the hydroxyl that is usually
phosphorylated)
<=D

<=F

<=B
A=>

E=> <=C

a
 4. Where, in this nucleoside, is the 5’-hydroxyl ?
(Hint: it’s the hydroxyl that is usually
phosphorylated)
<=D
23 6
7 5 <=F
1
2 <=B
8
5’ 4 3
A=> 9
4’ 1’
3’ 2’

E=> <=C

a
 5. The diagram shows a two base-pair segment of a DNA
double helix. Which of the following is true (or select
F)?

A. The orange ellipses mark bonds potentially cleaved by DNase I.

B. The magenta bonds are base-stacking interactions
C. The sequence of one strand is 5’-T-G-3’
D. The rings of the 2-deoxyribose moieties contain yellow circles.
E. The blue carbon atom could be the site of CpG methylation.

F. Actually, none of the above are true.

 5. The diagram shows a two base-pair segment of a DNA
double helix. Which of the following is true (or select
F)?

A. The orange ellipses mark bonds potentially cleaved by DNase I.

B. The magenta bonds are base-stacking interactions
C. The sequence of one strand is 5’-T-G-3’
D. The rings of the 2-deoxyribose moieties contain yellow circles.
E. The blue carbon atom could be the site of CpG methylation.

F. Actually, none of the above are true.

6. Which of the following elements, as part of an
amino acid, is never incorporated in human
proteins during translation (or select F)?

A. sulphur
B. oxygen
C. iodine
D. selenium
E. carbon
F. All of the above are incorporated during translation

e
6. Which of the following elements, as part of an
amino acid, is never incorporated in human
proteins during translation (or select F)?

A. sulphur
B. oxygen
C. iodine
D. selenium [as selenocysteine at a few TGA codons]
E. carbon
F. All of the above are incorporated during translation

e
7. Mentally trace a route along the backbone of
a DNA or RNA molecule. Which of the
following sequence of atoms is connected by
bonds in a continuous sequence? (or select
F)?
A. -P-O-C-C-O-P-O-C-C-O-
B. -O-P-O-C-C-C-O-P-O-C-C-C-
C. -C-O-P-O-C-N-C-C-O-P-O-C-N-C-
D. -H-C-C-O-N-H-C-C-O-N-
E. -O-P-C-O-P-C-
F. None of the above is correct

h
7. Mentally trace a route along the backbone of
a DNA or RNA molecule. Which of the
following sequence of atoms is connected by
bonds in a continuous sequence? (or select
F)?
A. -P-O-C-C-O-P-O-C-C-O-
B. -O-P-O-C-C-C-O-P-O-C-C-C-
C. -C-O-P-O-C-N-C-C-O-P-O-C-N-C-
D. -H-C-C-O-N-H-C-C-O-N-
E. -O-P-C-O-P-C-
F. None of the above is correct

h
 8. Which of the following is false (or select F)?
A. 18F is the synthetic radioactive isotope of fluorine used as a
label in positron emission imaging.
B. Tritium, 3H, is a heavy radioactive isotope of hydrogen that
has been traditionally used to label thymidine to demonstrate
DNA replication.
C. 15N, a rare natural heavy stable isotope of nitrogen. It was
used to label new strands of DNA, so they could be separated
by their density in the original studies of the mechanism of
DNA replication.
D. 12C is a radioactive isotope of carbon that may be used to
trace any organic compound in which it has been
incorporated.
E. 32P is a radioactive isotope of phosphorus that can be used to
trace nucleic acids that are synthesised to contain it.

A. Actually, all of the above are true.

 8. Which of the following is false (or select F)?
A. 18F is the synthetic radioactive isotope of fluorine used as a
label in positron emission imaging.
B. Tritium, 3H, is a heavy radioactive isotope of hydrogen that
has been traditionally used to label thymidine to demonstrate
DNA replication.
C. 15N, a rare natural heavy stable isotope of nitrogen. It was
used to label new strands of DNA, so they could be separated
by their density in the original studies of the mechanism of
DNA replication.
D. 12C is a radioactive isotope of carbon that may be used to
trace any organic compound in which it has been
incorporated. (It’s the predominant stable isotope!)
E. 32P is a radioactive isotope of phosphorus that can be used to
trace nucleic acids that are synthesised to contain it.

A. Actually, all of the above are true.!!

9. Which description of an amino acid residue
is incorrect (or select F)?
Amino Acid Description

A. aromatic tyrosine (Tyr, Y)

B. non-polar valine (Val, V)
C. charged arginine (Arg, R)
D. neutral and polar glutamine (Gln, Q)
E. sulphur-containing cysteine (Cys, C)
F. All of the descriptions are appropriate

28
9. Which description of an amino acid residue
is incorrect (or select F)?
Description Amino Acid

A. aromatic tyrosine (Tyr, Y)

B. non-polar valine (Val, V)
C. charged arginine (Arg, R)
D. neutral and polar glutamine (Gln, Q)
E. sulphur-containing cysteine (Cys, C)
F. All of the descriptions are appropriate

28
10. Which chemical element is present in all
nucleic acid but absent from nascent
polypeptides?
A. oxygen (O)
B. sulphur (S)
C. chlorine (Cl)
D. phosphorus (P)
E. nitrogen (N)
F. Actually, all of the
above are present in
both.

y
10. Which chemical element is present in all
nucleic acid but absent from nascent
polypeptides?
A. oxygen (O)
B. sulphur (S)
C. chlorine (Cl)
D. phosphorus (P)
E. nitrogen (N)
F. Actually, all of the
above are present in
both.

y
 11. Which of the following is not required for a
polymerase chain reaction reaction involving a
thermophilic DNA polymerase (or select F)?
A. A DNA template
B. thermophilic DNA ligase
C. deoxy-nucleotide triphosphates or their
analogues
D. water
E. Divalent cations
F. All of the above are needed

j
 11. Which of the following is not required for a
polymerase chain reaction reaction involving a
thermophilic DNA polymerase (or select F)?
A. A DNA template
B. thermophilic DNA ligase
C. deoxy-nucleotide triphosphates or their
analogues
D. water
E. Divalent cations
F. All of the above are needed

j
12. mRNA generation from primary RNA
transcripts involves the removal of intron
sequences. What is this process called (or
select F)?

A. Splicing
B. Transcription
C. Recombination
D. Collusion
E. Frame shifting
F. None of the above.

b
12. mRNA generation from primary RNA
transcripts involves the removal of intron
sequences. What is this process called (or
select F)?

A. Splicing
B. Transcription
C. Recombination
D. Collusion
E. Frame shifting
F. None of the above.

b
13. The segments of RNA that are lost after
conversion of a pre-mRNA to a mature mRNA
are called

A. Codons
B. Polymorphisms
C. Introns
D. Exons
E. Splice boundaries
F. None of the above.

b
13. The segments of RNA that are lost after
conversion of a pre-mRNA to a mature mRNA
are called

A. Codons
B. Polymorphisms
C. Introns
D. Exons
E. Splice boundaries
F. None of the above.

b
14. Which of the following does not happen to
proteins post-translationally within the cell (or
select F)?

A. Sugar moieties may be attached at the side-chain

nitrogen of asparagine.
B. Peptide bonds may be selectively cleaved
C. A phosphate may be added to the side-chain oxygen
of threonine.
D. A methyl group may be added to the side-chain
nitrogen of lysine.
E. Disulphide bonds –S-S- may be created by oxidising
pairs of -SH groups.
F. Actually, all of the above occur, post-translationally.

c
14. Which of the following does not happen to
proteins post-translationally within the cell (or
select F)?

A. Sugar moieties may be attached at the side-chain

nitrogen of asparagine.
B. Peptide bonds may be selectively cleaved
C. A phosphate may be added to the side-chain oxygen
of threonine.
D. A methyl group may be added to the side-chain
nitrogen of lysine.
E. Disulphide bonds –S-S- may be created by oxidising
pairs of -SH groups.
F. Actually, all of the above occur, post-translationally.

c
 15. Molecular hybridisation of nucleic acids
means (or select F)?
A. Mixing and joining of complementary DNA or RNA from
different species of organism.
B. The non-covalent association of similar double stranded
nucleic acid molecules.
C. The covalent joining of two complementary single-stranded
DNA or RNA molecules.
D. The specific non-covalent association of two
complementary or partially complementary single-stranded
nucleic acid strands.
E. The molecular association of two single-stranded
fragments of DNA or RNA with identical sequences.
F. None of the above.

m
 15. Molecular hybridisation of nucleic acids
means (or select F)?
A. 3 Mixing and joining of complementary DNA or RNA from
different species of organism.
B. 0 The non-covalent association of similar double stranded
nucleic acid molecules.
C. 6 The covalent joining of two complementary single-stranded
DNA or RNA molecules.
D. 14The specific non-covalent association of two
complementary or partially complementary single-stranded
nucleic acid strands.
E. 3 The molecular association of two single-stranded
fragments of DNA or RNA with identical sequences.
F. 1 None of the above.

m
 16. Which of the following DNA sequence pairs
are complementary?

A. 5’-AACTACTGG and 5’-AACTACTGG.

B. 5’-TCAGAATCG and 5’-CGATTCTGA.
C. 5’-GACTGGACC and 5’-CCAGGTCAC.
D. 5’-CCCGTAATA and 5’-GGGCATTAT.
E. 5’-GACATAGTC and 5’-GACATAGTC.
F. None of the above are complementary.
 16. Which of the following DNA sequence pairs
are complementary?

A. 5’-AACTACTGG and 5’-AACTACTGG.

B. 5’-TCAGAATCG and 5’-CGATTCTGA.
C. 5’-GACTGGACC and 5’-CCAGGTCAC.
D. 5’-CCCGTAATA and 5’-GGGCATTAT.
E. 5’-GACATAGTC and 5’-GACATAGTC.
F. None of the above are complementary.
 17. Which is the direction that DNA or RNA
polymerases synthesises a new complementary
strand (or select F)?

A. from the 2’ end to the 5’ end.

B. from the 3’ end to the 5’ end.
C. from the 5’ end to the 2’ end.
D. from the 5’ end to the 3’ end.
E. from the 5’ end to the 5’ end.
F. All of the above are incorrect.

k
 17. Which is the direction that DNA or RNA
polymerases synthesises a new complementary
strand (or select F)?

A. from the 2’ end to the 5’ end.

B. from the 3’ end to the 5’ end.
C. from the 5’ end to the 2’ end.
D. from the 5’ end to the 3’ end.
E. from the 5’ end to the 5’ end.
F. All of the above are incorrect.

k
18. Which statement is not true? (or choose F)

What has been called the “universal”

genetic code...
A. indicates how mRNA is transcribed into
protein.
B. applies to triplets of nucleotides.
C. does not apply to protein synthesis in
mitochondria.
D. shows redundancy (there being more than
one codon for most amino-acids).
E. always includes the de-coding of “AUG” as
methionine.
F. All of these statements are true.
18. Which statement is not true? (or choose F)

What has been called the “universal”

genetic code...
A. indicates how mRNA is transcribed into
protein.
B. applies to triplets of nucleotides.
C. does not apply to protein synthesis in
mitochondria.
D. shows redundancy (there being more than
one codon for most amino-acids).
E. always includes the de-coding of “AUG” as
methionine.
F. All of these statements are true.
(translated!!) L
19. Which of the following sets of codons
would end the coding sequence of genes
[they are “nonsense” (stop) codons] in
humans and Escherichia coli?

A. UGA, UAA, UAG

B. ATG, ATC, ATA
C. TCA, TTA, CTA
D. TAG, TAA, TGA
E. AUG, TGA, TTT
F. None of the above sets represent a set of
stop codons that might terminate the sense
seqiuence of a gene.
o
19. Which of the following sets of codons
would end the coding sequence of genes
[they are “nonsense” (stop) codons] in
humans and Escherichia coli?

A. UGA, UAA, UAG [gene, not mRNA]

B. ATG, ATC, ATA
C. TCA, TTA, CTA
D. TAG, TAA, TGA [It’s DNA!]
E. AUG, TGA, TTT
F. None of the above sets represent a set of
stop codons that might terminate the sense
seqiuence of a gene.
o
20. Which of the following is not a sequence-specific
DNA location where transcription factors bind and
regulate gene expression in human cells (or select
F)?

A. A promoter
B. A Shine-Dalgarno sequence
C. A TATAA box
D. A locus control element
E. An enhancer
F. All of the above are involved in
transcriptional control

q
20. Which of the following is not a sequence-specific
DNA location where transcription factors bind and
regulate gene expression in human cells (or select
F)?

A. A promoter
B. A Shine-Dalgarno sequence
C. A TATAA box
D. A locus control element
E. An enhancer
F. All of the above are involved in
transcriptional control

(SD is ribosomal entry site in prokaryotic RNA)

q
21. Which one of the following enzymes catalyses
ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis in the
eukaryotic nucleus (or select F)?

A. RNA polymerase II
B. AMV reverse transcriptase
C. RNA polymerase I
D. SP6 polymerase
E. RNA polymerase III
F. None of the above catalyse rRNA synthesis

30
21. Which one of the following enzymes catalyses
ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis in the
eukaryotic nucleus (or select F)?

A. RNA polymerase II
B. AMV reverse transcriptase
C. RNA polymerase I
D. SP6 polymerase
E. RNA polymerase III
F. None of the above catalyse rRNA synthesis

30
 22. In which of the following situations may the
polymerase chain reaction occur?

A. During the replication of retroviruses.

B. During a DNA-replication cycle of a thermophilic
bacterium.
C. In a test tube in a thermocycler.
D. During a replication cycle of mitochondrial DNA.
E. In ancient DNA.
F. None of the above.

td
 22. In which of the following situations may the
polymerase chain reaction occur?

A. During the replication of retroviruses.

B. During a DNA-replication cycle of a thermophilic
bacterium.
C. In a test tube in a thermocycler.
D. During a replication cycle of mitochondrial DNA.
E. In ancient DNA.
F. None of the above.

PCR is an entirely unnatural process!

23. Which of the following is not required for all
natural template-directed DNA synthesis in
vivo (or select F)?

A. A DNA polymerase
B. dTTP
C. dATP
D. A DNA template
E. A primer that hybridises to the template
F. Actually, all of the above are required.

w
23. Which of the following is not required for all
natural template-directed DNA synthesis in
vivo (or select F)?

A. A DNA polymerase
B. dTTP
C. dATP
D. A DNA template [Reverse transcriptases can
use an RNA template]
E. A primer that hybridises to the template
F. Actually, all of the above are required.
24. Which of the following is not true of transcript
processing in human cells (or select F)?

A. Introns usually represent the greater part of a

primary transcript.
B. Exons are removed from pre-mRNA in the
nucleus by splicing during and after
transcription.
C. The 5’ nucleotide cap structure is added to all
transcripts.
D. The poly-A tail is added when the mRNA is
complete but before the completion of splicing.
E. replication-phase histone mRNA transcripts do
not have a poly-A tail.
F. Actually, all of the statements above are true. ta
24. Which of the following is not true of transcript
processing in human cells (or select F)?

A. Introns usually represent the greater part of a

primary transcript.
B. Exons are removed from pre-mRNA in the
nucleus by splicing during and after
transcription.
C. The 5’ nucleotide cap structure is added to all
transcripts.
D. The poly-A tail is added when the mRNA is
complete but before the completion of splicing.
E. replication-phase histone mRNA transcripts do
not have a poly-A tail.
F. Actually, all of the statements above are true. ta
25. Mentally trace a route along the main chain
(the backbone) of a protein following only
the atoms that make the chain. Which of the
following sequence of atoms is connected
(or select F)?

A. -N-H-C-C-O-N-H-C-C-O-
B. -N-C-C-N-C-C-
C. -N-C-C-O-N-C-C-O-
D. -N-C-N-C-
E. -N-C-C-O-H-N-C-C-O-
F. None of the above are
correct

d
25. Mentally trace a route along the main chain
(the backbone) of a protein following only
the atoms that make the chain. Which of the
following sequence of atoms is connected
(or select F)?

A. -N-H-C-C-O-N-H-C-C-O-
B. -N-C-C-N-C-C-
C. -N-C-C-O-N-C-C-O-
D. -N-C-N-C-
E. -N-C-C-O-H-N-C-C-O-
F. None of the above are
correct

d
26. Which of the following is false (or select F)?

The activity of transcription at a specific

location in the genome can be regulated by
localised…
A. methylation of cytosine bases
B. methylation of lysine residues in
histones
C. acetylation of lysine residues in
histones
D. deamination of cytosine bases
E. deacetylation of lysine residues in
histones
F. all of the above are true.
26. Which of the following is false (or select F)?

The activity of transcription at a specific

location in the genome can be regulated by
localised…
A. methylation of cytosine bases
B. methylation of lysine residues in
histones
C. acetylation of lysine residues in
histones
D. deamination of cytosine bases
E. deacetylation of lysine residues in
histones
F. all of the above are true.
27. Which of the following statements is most correct?
A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides…
A. …present in an exposed loop of each amino-acyl tRNAs. The codon is
used for recognising a complementary anti-codon of mRNA and thus
specifying an individual amino acids for insertion by the translational
machinery into a growing polypeptide chain.

B. …present in a mRNA molecule. A codon is involved in selecting a

unique species of amino-acyl tRNA through its complementary anti-
codon sequence for binding at the “A” site of a ribosome and thus
specifies the amino acids that are inserted in a growing polypeptide
chain.

C. …present in mRNA. A particular codon specifies a unique amino acids

for insertion by the translational machinery into a growing polypeptide
chain.

A. …present in a tRNA molecule. Each codon associates with the mRNA

on a ribosome during translation. A codon, in effect, specifies an
individual amino acid according to the mRNA sequence, for insertion
by the translational machinery into a growing polypeptide chain.

A. …that is not correctly described by any of the statements above.

te
27. Which of the following statements is most correct?
A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides…
A. …present in an exposed loop of each amino-acyl tRNAs. The codon is
used for recognising a complementary anti-codon of mRNA and thus
specifying an individual amino acids for insertion by the translational
machinery into a growing polypeptide chain.

B. …present in a mRNA molecule. A codon is involved in selecting a

unique species of amino-acyl tRNA through its complementary anti-
codon sequence for binding at the “A” site of a ribosome and thus
specifies the amino acids that are inserted in a growing polypeptide
chain.

C. …present in mRNA. A particular codon specifies a unique amino acids

for insertion by the translational machinery into a growing polypeptide
chain.

A. …present in a tRNA molecule. Each codon associates with the mRNA

on a ribosome during translation. A codon, in effect, specifies an
individual amino acid according to the mRNA sequence, for insertion
by the translational machinery into a growing polypeptide chain.

A. …that is not correctly described by any of the statements above.

28. In human blood erythrocytes, which of the
following statements is true (or select F)?

A. X-linked genes in women are present in a single

copy.
B. The great majority of genes are present in two
copies.
C. X-linked genes are absent from in male erythrocytes.
D. There are two copies of the mitochondrial genome.
E. Women have two copies of all human genes.
F. All the statements above are wrong.

f
28. In human blood erythrocytes, which of the
following statements is true (or select F)?

A. X-linked genes in women are present in a single

copy.
B. The great majority of genes are present in two
copies.
C. X-linked genes are absent from in male erythrocytes.
D. There are two copies of the mitochondrial genome.
E. Women have two copies of all human genes.
F. All the statements above are wrong.

Less specifically-- all genes are absent!

f
29. In circulating human male leukocytes, which
of the following statements is true (or select F)?

A. The Y chromosome in men is present in a single copy

per nucleus.
B. Men’s leukocytes have no X chromosomes.
C. All genes are present in two copies per nucleus.
D. Men have two copies of each Y-linked gene.
E. Mitochondrial genes are absent.
F. All the statements above are wrong.

f
29. In circulating human male leukocytes, which
of the following statements is true (or select F)?

A. The Y chromosome in men is present in a single copy

per nucleus.
B. Men’s leukocytes have no X chromosomes.
C. All genes are present in two copies per nucleus.
D. Men have two copies of each Y-linked gene.
E. Mitochondrial genes are absent.
F. All the statements above are wrong.
 30. Which of the following statements is in
error by at least a factor of ten ? (or select F)?

A. Each human sperm nucleus contains 1 m of DNA.

B. Free-living bacteria have 5,000 protein encoding
genes.
C. A single copy of the human genome contains 3100
million base pairs of DNA.
D. Humans have 300,000 protein-encoding genes.
E. A single copy of a free-living bacterial genome
contains 10 million base pairs.

F. All of the above are fair estimates.

g
 30. Which of the following statements is in
error by at least a factor of ten ? (or select F)?

A. Each human sperm nucleus contains 1 m of DNA.

B. Free-living bacteria have 5,000 protein encoding
genes.
C. A single copy of the human genome contains 3100
million base pairs of DNA.
D. Humans have 300,000 protein-encoding genes.
E. A single copy of a free-living bacterial genome
contains 10 million base pairs.

F. All of the above are fair estimates.

31. Estimate the proportion of RNA in a human cell
that is not mRNA?

A. 0.5%
B. 5%
C. 20%
D. 50%
E. 95%
F. 99%

x
31. Estimate the proportion of RNA in a human cell
that is not mRNA?

A. 0.5%
B. 5%
C. 20%
D. 50%
E. 95%
F. 99%

x
 32. In the organisation of genes in mammals,
which statement is false (or F)?

A. The initiation codon must lie in an exon.

B. A transcription promoter usually lies upstream of
or surrounds the transcription start.
C. An enhancer for a gene can lie inside a
neighbouring gene
D. The polyadenylation signal lies in the last exon.
E. The stop codon of a functional coding sequence
cannot lie in an intron of the encoding gene.
F. All of the above statements are true
x
 32. In the organisation of genes in mammals,
which statement is false (or F)?

A. The initiation codon must lie in an exon.

B. A transcription promoter usually lies upstream of
or surrounds the transcription start.
C. An enhancer for a gene can lie inside a
neighbouring gene
D. The polyadenylation signal lies in the last exon.
E. The stop codon of a functional coding sequence
cannot lie in an intron of the encoding gene.
F. All of the above statements are true
33. A small molecule leaves a human cell that is
suspended in culture medium. Which is the last
cell-associated polymer that the molecule is likely
to encounter (or F)?

A. cholesteryl esters
B. polypeptide (protein)
C. nucleic acid
D. phospholipids
E. polysaccharide
F. The molecule cannot encounter any of the above.
33. A small molecule leaves a human cell that is
suspended in culture medium. Which is the last
cell-associated polymer that the molecule is likely
to encounter (or F)?

A. cholesteryl esters
B. polypeptide (protein)
C. nucleic acid
D. phospholipids
E. polysaccharide
F. The molecule cannot encounter any of the above.
34. Which of the following statements about the
endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is false (or select F)?

A. Membrane-bound vesicles leave the ER to carry

proteins into the Golgi apparatus.
B. Rough ER is the site of the synthesis of secreted
proteins.
C. Signalase clips off signal peptides from secreted
proteins in the lumen of the ER.
D. Smooth ER is so named because in electron
microscopy it contains no ribosomes.
E. Rough ER is the site of synthesis of mitochondrial
proteins.
F. Actually, all of the above statements are true.
34. Which of the following statements about the
endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is false (or select F)?

A. Membrane-bound vesicles leave the ER to carry

proteins into the Golgi apparatus.
B. Rough ER is the site of the synthesis of secreted
proteins.
C. Signalase clips off signal peptides from secreted
proteins in the lumen of the ER.
D. Smooth ER is so named because in electron
microscopy it contains no ribosomes.
E. Rough ER is the site of synthesis of mitochondrial
proteins.
F. Actually, all of the above statements are true.
 35. Which answer does not correctly identify a
function that is performed by the following
organelles in human cells (or select F)?

A. The Golgi body modifies proteins for redirection to the

plasma membrane.
B. Desmosomes are points of anchorage for cell membranes
to the extracellular matrix
C. Chloroplasts harvest light energy to reduce NADP+ for
photosynthesis.
D. Mitochondria release cytochrome c into the cytoplasm to
trigger cell death.
E. Nucleoli are the sites for ribosomal RNA synthesis.
F. All of the above are true in humans.
p
 35. Which answer does not correctly identify a
function that is performed by the following
organelles in human cells (or select F)?

A. The Golgi body modifies proteins for redirection to the

plasma membrane.
B. Desmosomes are points of anchorage for cell membranes
to the extracellular matrix
C. Chloroplasts harvest light energy to reduce NADP+ for
photosynthesis.
D. Mitochondria release cytochrome c into the cytoplasm to
trigger cell death.
E. Nucleoli are the sites for ribosomal RNA synthesis.
F. All of the above are true in humans.
 36. Which is false? (or indicate F if all other
answers are true)

A. Transporters carry molecules through impermeable cellular

membranes.
B. Translation factors are involved directly in mRNA
synthesis.
C. Growth factors signal cells to grow.
D. Cell surface receptors bind to extracellular molecules.
E. Apoptosis is programmed cell death.
F. All of the above are actually true.

h
 36. Which is false? (or indicate F if all other
answers are true)

A. Transporters carry molecules through impermeable cellular

membranes.
B. Translation factors are involved directly in mRNA
synthesis.
C. Growth factors signal cells to grow.
D. Cell surface receptors bind to extracellular molecules.
E. Apoptosis is programmed cell death.
F. All of the above are actually true.
 37. Which of the following organelles are not
included in the continuous sorting of
proteins in lipid vesicles within the cell (or
select F)?
A. endosomes
B. the endoplasmic reticulum
C. the Golgi apparatus
D. the plasma membrane
E. the mitochondrial membranes
F. All of the above are linked by vesicular
membrane transport.

s
 37. Which of the following organelles are not
included in the continuous sorting of
proteins in lipid vesicles within the cell (or
select F)?
A. endosomes
B. the endoplasmic reticulum
C. the Golgi apparatus
D. the plasma membrane
E. the mitochondrial membranes
F. All of the above are linked by vesicular
membrane transport.

s
38. Synapses are found between which of the
following cells types?(or select F).

A. B cells and neurones.

B. Dendritic cells and epithelial cells.
C. Cortical neurones and dendritic cells.
D. Skeletal muscle cells and motor neurones.
E. Neutrophils and natural killer cells.
F. None of the above cell types are associated
through synapses.
38. Synapses are found between which of the
following cells types?(or select F).

A. B cells and neurones.

B. Dendritic cells and epithelial cells.
C. Cortical neurones and dendritic cells.
D. Skeletal muscle cells and motor neurones.
E. Neutrophils and natural killer cells.
F. None of the above cell types are associated
through synapses.
39. Which one of the following chemical species
diffuse rapidly through a biological membrane
without using transporters or channels (or
select F)?

A. water
B. oxygen
C. chloride ions
D. citrate ions
E. potassium ions
F. None of the above

i
39. Which one of the following chemical species
diffuse rapidly through a biological membrane
without using transporters or channels (or
select F)?

A. water
B. oxygen
C. chloride ions
D. citrate ions
E. potassium ions
F. None of the above

i
 40. Which of the following statements is not
correct (or select F)?
A. The overwhelmingly common class of cell surface signalling
receptors, the “serpentine” receptors contain seven
sequential alpha-helical domains that snake through the
membrane.
B. Ras, Rac and Rho are “small” GTPases.
C. Serpentine receptors, for their activity, associate with
specific GTPases.
D. Hydrolysis of ATP and GTP are often used in biological
systems to drive unfavourable reactions, in metabolism and
protein interactions, respectively.
E. Some pharmacologically important receptors are protein
kinases, which use ATP to phosphorylate proteins.
F. Actually, all of the statements above are correct.
 40. Which of the following statements is not
correct (or select F)?
4 A. The overwhelmingly common class of cell surface signalling
receptors, the “serpentine” receptors contain seven
sequential alpha-helical domains that snake through the
membrane.
3 B. Ras, Rac and Rho are “small” GTPases.
6
C. Serpentine receptors, for their activity, associate with
specific GTPases. [‘large” GTPases]
3 D. Hydrolysis of ATP and GTP are often used in biological
systems to drive unfavourable reactions, in metabolism and
protein interactions, respectively.
1 E. Some pharmacologically important receptors are protein
kinases, which use ATP to phosphorylate proteins.
10 F. Actually, all of the statements above are correct.