ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY, ISLAMABAD

(Department of Environmental Design, Health & Nutritional Sciences)

WARNING
1. PLAGIARISM OR HIRING OF GHOST WRITER(S) FOR SOLVING
THE ASSIGNMENT(S) WILL DEBAR THE STUDENT FROM AWARD
OF DEGREE/CERTIFICATE, IF FOUND AT ANY STAGE.
2. SUBMITTING ASSIGNMENT(S) BORROWED OR STOLEN FROM
OTHER(S) AS ONE’S OWN WILL BE PENALIZED AS DEFINED IN
“AIOU PLAGIARISM POLICY”.

Course: Environmental Control Systems (3681) Semester: Spring, 2022

Level: Post Graduate Credit Hours: 4(3+1)

Please read the following instructions for writing your assignments. (AD, BS, BEd,
MA/MSc, MEd) (ODL Mode).
1. All questions are compulsory and carry equal marks but within a question the
marks are distributed according to its requirements.
2. Read the question carefully and then answer it according to the requirements of the
questions.
3. Avoid irrelevant discussion/information and reproducing from books, study guide
or allied material.
4. Handwritten scanned assignments are not acceptable.
5. Upload your typed (in Word or PDF format) assignments on or before the due date.
6. Your own analysis and synthesis will be appreciated.
7. Late assignments can’t be uploaded at LMS.
8. The students who attempt their assignments in Urdu/Arabic may upload a scanned
copy of their handwritten assignments (in PDF format) on University LMS. The
size of the file should not exceed 5MP.

Total Marks: 100 Pass Marks: 40

ASSIGNMENT No. 1
(Units 1-7)

Q.1 Write notes on the following: (15)

a) Impact of industrialization on building industry.
b) Impact of industrialization on the overall socio-environmental acceptance of
new products in society. How industrialization change the trends in building
design?

Q.2 a) What are the different forms of heat transfers occurring in the built
environment? Explain each one with examples. (15)

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 b) Relationship of human body heat adaptation to thermal stress and its reaction
on the basis of metabolic rate & physical activities.
Q.3 Climate and Shelter go hand in hand while opting for design development. Discuss
with focus on all major climatic regions in Pakistan and recommended indigenous
housing for each region with examples. (20)

Q.4 With focus on designing with microclimatic data, Elaborate the following factors
with addition of sketches and diagrams: (15)
a) Temperature.
b) Humidity.
c) Predominant wind air directions and velocities.

Q.5 Explain the significance of zoning in the design process for built environment to
optimize solar gains. What are the major factors passive solar gains? (10)

Q.6 Define the following with respect to buildings in hot humid climate of Pakistan: (15)
a) Mass effect.
b) Dehumidification.
c) Evaporation & Ventilation.

Q.7 Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the following with the help of
sketches: (10)
a) Centralized HVAC system
b) Free standing / isolated HVAC system

Total Marks: 100 Pass Marks: 40

ASSIGNMENT No. 2
a) Assignment-2 is field research based comprises of three parts.
i. Part 1 is a selection of a public building in your area or region.
ii. Part two is the critical evaluation of the selected building in terms of passive
heating and passive cooling according to the climatic features of your area or
region.
iii. Part three is based on the alterations suggested by you to improve the
functionality of selected building.
iv. Students will be required to prepare a report for assignment 2. (Refer general
guidelines for detail instructions).
v. The student is supposed to do a presentation in the workshop to the resource
person and course mates; he should prepare slides or other illustrative
material for effective presentation.

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Brief

a) You are required to select a public building which is located in your area/locality or
region.
a. Describe the climatic features of your area/locality and region.
b. Based on the climatic data develop a checklist of passive features that
address the aspects for solar heating and ventilation in building design.

b) Based on your checklist examine your selected building according to the

parameters related to passive heating and cooling.
a. Analyze the building design according to the sun path,
b. What building materials are used to stabilize the interior temperature.
c. What design elements are used in the building that caters direct gain, indirect
gain or isolated gain.
d. Explain the design features that are accountable for natural ventilation in
your building. Features may be the part of your building design or the
landscape available outside.
e. What are the mechanical components installed in the building that are
accountable for heating and cooling.
c) After a detail critical analysis of the selected building give your suggestions to
improve it.
d) Support all your findings with drawings, sketches, charts and photographs. You
need to discuss each aspect which is mentioned above.

All of the above must be considered in relation to local climatic conditions

throughout the year

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General Instructions

1. This assignment is of a practical nature, you have to prepare an analytical report

and present it on scheduled time/date.
2. The workshop component is mandatory for all the students. You cannot sit in the
final examination without completing this project and presenting it in the
workshop.
3. This design project assignment requires careful thought in relation to the selection
of the building. All of these considerations will be incorporated into your 1000-
word project report.
4. Your report should cover both theoretical and practical components.
5. Include the following sections in your report:
a. Introduction and objectives of your study
b. Field research strategy/ methodology
c. Review of relevant literature
d. Graphical representations
e. Analysis/Conclusion/Suggestions
f. Appendices/ Bibliography

6. As the student is supposed to do a presentation in the workshop to the resource

person and course mates, he should prepare slides or other illustrative material for
effective presentation.
7. You are advised to consult with source material frequently as you undertake your
design project. If you need any guidance you may contact your tutor or write to the
Programme / Course Coordinators.
8. Prepare three copies of this assignment, one for yourself, one for the tutor and the
third one for the Department of Environmental Design, Health & Nutritional
Sciences (AIOU) for record. Attach three assignment forms with this assignment as
for assignment one.

Presentation Criteria

a) The report should be supported with necessary visual materials.

b) Text for the project report should be 4-5 typed pages, single spaced and with font
size 14 for headings and 12 for the text.
c) The drawings of project may be presented by either hand-drawn or draft on Auto
CAD.

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 ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL SYSTEMS
COURSE OUTLINE
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Environmental Control Systems (Heating, Cooling, Lighting) by Fuller Moore,
Mcgraw-Hill College, 1992.

Unit 1: Introduction: Architecture and Energy

1.1 Pre-industrial and Industrial Architecture
1.2 The Modern Movement
1.3 Post Industrial Architecture
1.4 Passive Solar Movement
Unit 2: Heat Transfer and Thermal Comfort
2.1 Heat and Temperature
2.2 Conduction, Radiation and Convection
2.3 Phase Change and Psychometric
2.4 Metabolism and Bodily Heat Transfer
2.5 Physiological Adaptation to Thermal Stress
2.6 Thermal Comfort
Unit 3: Designing by determining Climates
3.1 Climatic Regions
3.2 Temperature, Humidity, Solar Radiation and Wind
3.3 Solar Geometry and Shading
Unit 4: Passive Solar Heating
4.1 General Principles
4.2 Direct Gain
4.3 Thermal Storage Wall
4.4 Sun Space
4.5 Convective Air Loop
Unit 5: Passive Cooling
5.1 General Principles
5.2 Ventilation
5.3 Radiation
5.4 Evaporation and Dehumidification
5.5 Mass Effect
Unit 6: Mechanical Heating and Cooling
6.1 Mechanical Heating and Cooling
6.2 HVAC System Types
6.3 Air Filtration and Odor Removed
6.4 Mechanical Equipment Space Requirements

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Unit 7: Materials, Components and Details
7.1 Insulation
7.2 Optical Materials
7.3 Ventilation
7.4 Thermal Storage Components

Unit 8: Day Lighting

8.1 Sources and Concepts
8.2 Design Strategies
8.3 Day lighting Analysis

Unit 9: Electric Lighting

9.1 Components
9.2 Electric Lighting Analysis

STUDENT GUIDE
Dear student,
Assalam-o- Alaikum,
We welcome you to the M.Sc. Sustainable Environmental Design Course entitled
“Environmental Control Systems”. This course is the part of the third semester of your
M. Sc. program. For introduction to the course please go through the guidelines provided
here for successful completion.

In order to understand the course content, it is vital to know its aims and objectives
properly. Let’s go through its aims and objectives first.

Course Objectives
1. To introduce the concept of controlling thermal and luminous environment in the
buildings.
2. To revive the passive heating and cooling systems to minimize energy utilities.
3. To utilize maximum day lighting and design efficient artificial lighting.

Details of the Course

Unit no. 1 introduces different phases of architectural development and response towards
energy efficient solutions for building design.
Unit no. 2 explicates to understand the concepts related to heat and temperature and
clarifies the process of bodily heat transfer with reference to environmental conditions.
Unit no. 3 describes the effect of climate on thermal environment and the design of
buildings in relevance with climatic data.
Unit no. 4 elucidates the passive approaches for building design and help to develop an
intuitive understanding of how heating and lighting affect people and building design.
Unit no. 5 describes the characteristics of passive cooling and understand its direct effect
on building envelope.
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Unit no. 6 helps to understand the need to supplement passive strategies with mechanical
heating and air-conditioning systems.
Unit no. 7 deals with construction techniques and components that are applicable to
energy-efficient construction in general and passively heated and cooled buildings in
particular.
Unit no. 8 focuses on different day lighting sources that directly or indirectly illuminate
the buildings.
Unit no. 9 discusses different electric light sources, their types, standardized distribution
and fundamental approaches for calculating illuminance duo to electric lighting.

This course will, therefore, inculcate the principles of passive systems and mechanical
systems and their relationship with the design of both large and small scale buildings.

Part Time Tutors

Students have been allocated a part time tutor. The name and address of your tutor will be
provided to you. The tutor will help and guide you in studying the books and conducting
activities related to study units. You are expected to take full advantage of the tutor’s
knowledge and experience. These tutors are also responsible for marking your
assignments.

Make all efforts to complete your written assignment according to the prescribed
schedule and try your level best to attend all the study sessions according to the timetable
provided to you.

Schedule for lecture sessions have been arranged on fortnightly bases. Try to attend these
sessions regularly to get proper guidance from your tutor.

Assignments
The course includes two assignments, which are compulsory for successful completion of
the whole course. Each assignment is of 100 marks and out of these students obtaining 40
marks will be declared pass.

Assignment No. 1 is theory based and must reach your assigned tutor before the due
date. The schedule of submitting the assignment is provided separately. The tutor will
send the marked assignment back to the students within 15 days, if you do not receive the
marked assignment after 15 days please contact your tutor or regional office of the
Allama Iqbal Open University.

Assignment No. 2 is a research based and do not need submission to the tutor before the
workshop is held. For detailed instructions related to your research-based assignment,
please go through the detailed instructions enclosed with the assignment.

Note: Do not forget to dispatch the prescribed forms along with the complete
assignments.

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Method of Study
Study period of 16 weeks has been allocated for studying this course through blended
learning (online mode) whereas 17th and 18th weeks are kept for general assessment and
for final examination.

Units Assignments Study period

1-2 4 weeks
3-6 4 weeks
7 Assignment 1 2 weeks
8-9 2 weeks
Revision Assignment 2 4 weeks
Preparation for examination 2 weeks

You are expected to spend four weeks on studying first two units, this will help to
improve your reading speed and get familiar with the contents of the units. The next three
units 3 to 6 will become easier for you and you will be able to study them in
comparatively less time. You can spend four weeks on studying these four units, during
the ninth week you can study the unit no. 7 and during the tenth week you must complete
your first assignment and dispatch it to your tutor.
Unit 8 to 9 can be studied during 11 th and 12th week respectively and you can complete
your second assignment along with the revision of your book during the weeks 13-16.
The last two weeks will be kept for examination and its preparation.

Workshop
Workshop will be arranged for three days. Schedule of the workshop and venue will be
sent to the students during the study period. Workshop will cover some of the lectures of
the specialist on important topics. The tutor will provide guidance for the workshop.
Attendance in workshop is compulsory for the students.

Final Examination
At the end of the course there will be a final examination, all the students will be
expected to take this examination in the examination halls especially established for this
purpose.
For any queries, you can write to the program coordinator. Suggestions for improvement
will also be welcomed.
We wish you all the best.

Dr. Hajra Ahmad

Chairperson
Department of Environmental Design, Health & Nutritional Sciences,
Allama Iqbal Open University,
H-8, Islamabad
Phone No. 051-9250063

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 TUTOR GUIDE
Dear tutor,
Students enrolled in M.Sc. Sustainable Environmental Design offered through the
blended learning system belong to a number of professions and have a variety of
educational backgrounds and experience.

These students have very limited contact with their course mates and the part time tutors.
It is therefore important to keep in mind that some of the blended-learning students have
had no links with education during the past few years after completing their formal
education therefore they might lack confidence. Secondly blended-learning students are
involved in studying during their spare time, probably after office hours. You are
therefore requested to guide and help the students while keeping these issues in mind.
Some students may need help in developing professional attitudes as well as
understanding the facts about design and environmental sustainability.

Study Center
The main purpose of establishing the study center for blended learning students is to
provide help and guidance for the difficulties faced by the students while studying at
home. The study centers have been established in local institutions (AIOU Regional
Campus Karachi, Multan, Faisalabad, Peshawar, Quetta, Lahore, and Main Campus
Islamabad). During the tutorials it is required to provide guidance to the students to sort
out their problems.

Assignments
In the blended learning system, studying the course units has its own importance but
assignments and workshops are the major source of link between tutor and the student.
Therefore, it is important to offer your comments through these assignments. Express
your views in such a way that the student is not discouraged hurt or feels depress after
going through your comments.

You are also expected to guide on issues like methods of solving assignments, effective
methods of studying and methods to improve study habits and working hard.

It is anticipated that the student will submit their assignments in time according to the
prescribed schedule.

You are therefore requested to mark the assignments within 15 days and return these
with detailed comments within the scheduled dates.

Marking guides are provided to you. You are expected to follow the instructions and
make full use of these guides while marking the assignments. The students are expected
to avoid giving unnecessary details and try to be brief and comprehensive. While marking
the assignments the tutor has to assess whether the students have followed the
instructions provided to them or not.
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The students are given another assignment which is based on the videos provided to you
as well and would involve the student with conceptual clarity after which they will be
representing their work report in the workshop held by the end of the semester. The
students are not required to submit this assignment to you before it is presented however,
after the workshop the assignments will be submitted to the tutor and will be marked by
you.

Workshop
A three days workshop will be arranged for the students for each course in their
respective study center. You will be intimated before time, as your presence in the
workshop is necessary.
 During the workshop, the experts will be delivering lectures to the students in the
main areas of the subject.
 Secondly, the students would be presenting their research-based assignment and
you are required to mark the assignments after their presentation.

MARKING GUIDE
It is anticipated that the tutors mark the assignments carefully and follow the similar
marking standard for all the students.

Assignment One
For the theory-based assignments you are requested to follow the marks division as
indicated on the assignment that is eight questions, making a total of hundred.

Assignment Two
For the research-based assignment the allocation of marks is indicated as under:

Research Activity..................................................................................................40 Marks

Report Writing......................................................................................................30 Marks
Presentation in the Workshop...............................................................................20 Marks
Attendance and Participation ...............................................................................10 Marks

You are expected to stick to the guidelines provided to maintain the standardization and
uniformity.

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