1) List any two restriction for applet.
1.If we are running an applet from a provider who is not
trustworthy than security is important.
2.Applet itself cannot run or modify any application on the local
system.
3.Applets has no access to client-side resources such as files , OS
etc.
2)What are different ways of creating string object ?
There are two ways to create a String object:
By string literal : Java String literal is created by using double
quotes. For Example: String s=“Welcome”;
By new keyword : Java String is created by using a keyword “new
”. For example: String s=new String(“Welcome”);
3)Can we use super() and this() within the same
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4)State the use of wrapper class.
The wrapper class implements the technique to convert the
primitive into object and object into primitive. There is a concept
of autoboxing and unboxing in the wrapper class, which
transform the primitives into objects and objects into primitives
automatically.
5)How to create and access the package in Java ?
1.First create a directory within name of package.
2.Create a java file in newly created directory.
3.In this java file you must specify the package name with the help
of package keyword.
4.Save this file with same name of public class.
5.Now you can use this package in your program.
6)State the purpose of throw keyword.
The throws keyword is used to declare which exceptions can be
thrown from a method, while the throw keyword is used to
explicitly throw an exception within a method or block of code.
The throws keyword is used in a method signature and declares
which exceptions can be thrown from a method.
7)State the use of jar file.
JAR files are packaged with the ZIP file format, so you can use
them for tasks such as lossless data compression, archiving,
decompression, and archive unpacking. These tasks are among
the most common uses of JAR files, and you can realize many JAR
file benefits using only these basic features.
8)Which container use border layout as its default layout ?
The window, Frame and Dialog classes use a border layout as their
default layout.
9)Does the order of public static void matter in main method.
It doesn't matter but void should always come before main().
10)List the types of Applet.
1.Form applet , 2.List applet , 3.Pick applet , 4.Multi-value group
applet , 5.Chart applet , 6.Association applet , 7.Explorer or Tree
applet , 8.File attachment applet.
11)What is exception ?
An exception is an event, which occurs during the execution of a
program, that disrupts the normal flow of the program's
instructions. When an error occurs within a method, the method
creates an object and hands it off to the runtime system.
12)What is collection framework ?
The Java collections framework is a set of classes and interfaces
that implement commonly reusable collection data structures.
Although referred to as a framework, it works in a manner of a
library. The collections framework provides both interfaces that
define various collections and classes that implement them.
13)What is JVMA Java virtual machine is a virtual machine that
enables a computer to run Java programs as well as programs
written in other languages that are also compiled to Java bytecode.
The JVM is detailed by a specification that formally describes
what is required in a JVM implementation.
14)List any two differences between HashMap and HashTable.
HashMap :-
1.HashMap is non-synchronized. It is not thread-safe and can't be
shared between many threads without proper synchronization
code
2.HashMap allows one null key and multiple null values
3.Multiple threads can operate simultaneously and hence
hashmap's object is not thread-safe.
Hashtable:-
1.Hashtable is synchronized. It is thread-safe and can be shared
with many threads.
2.Hashtable doesn’t allow any null key or value.
3.At a time only one thread is allowed to operate the Hashtable’s
object. Hence it is thread-safe.
2.Java Class. newInstance() method.
3.Java newInstance() method of constructor.
4.Java Object. clone() method.
5.Java Object Serialization and Deserialization.
16)Can you save a Java source file by name than class name ?
Yes,you can save your java source code file with any other name,
not same as your main class name but when you comiple it than
byte code file name will be same as your main class name.
alization.
17)What is instance variable ?
An instance variable is a variable which is declared in a class but
outside of constructors, methods, or blocks. Instance variables
are created when an object is instantiated, and are accessible to
all the constructors, methods, or blocks in the class. Access
modifiers can be given to the instance variable.mplementation.
18)List Java non-access modifiers.
Modifiers in Java fall into one of two groups - access and non-
Access:
Access:- public , private , protected .
Non-Access:- static, final, abstract, synchronized, volatile,
transient and native .
19) Swing :-
Java Swing is a lightweight Java graphical user interface (GUI)
widget toolkit that includes a rich set of widgets. It is part of the
Java Foundation Classes (JFC) and includes several packages for
developing rich desktop applications in Java.
20) AWT :-
AWT stands for Abstract window toolkit is an Application
programming interface (API) for creating Graphical User
Interface (GUI) in Java. It allows Java programmers to develop
window-based applications. AWT provides various components
like button, label, checkbox, etc. used as objects inside a Java
Program.
21)Container :-
Containers are the interface between a component and the low-
level, platform-specific functionality that supports the component
. Before it can be executed, a web, enterprise bean, or application
client component must be assembled into a Java EE module and
deployed into its container.
23)Event:-
An event in Java is an object that is created when something
changes within a graphical user interface. If a user clicks on a
button, clicks on a combo box, or types characters into a text field
, etc., then an event triggers, creating the relevant event object.
24)Event handling :-
Event Handling is the mechanism that controls the event and
decides what should happen if an event occurs. This mechanism
have the code which is known as event handler that is executed
when an event occurs. Java Uses the Delegation Event Model to
handle the events.
1)What is applet ? Explain life cycle of applet.
Applet is a class in Java. The applet life cycle can be defined as the
process of how the object is created, started, stopped, and destroyed
during the entire execution of its application. It basically has five
core methods namely init(), start(), stop(), paint() and destroy().
1.init(): The init() method is the first method to run that initializes the
applet. It can be invoked only once at the time of initialization.
2.start(): The start() method contains the actual code of the applet
and starts the applet. It is invoked immediately after the init()
method is invoked.
3.stop(): The stop() method stops the execution of the applet. The
stop () method is invoked whenever the applet is stopped, minimized
, or moving from one tab to another in the browser, the stop()
method is invoked
4.destroy(): The destroy() method destroys the applet after its work is
done.
5.paint(): The paint() method belongs to the Graphics class in Java. It
is used to draw shapes like circle, square, trapezium, etc.
2)Explain the use of super keyword with reference to inheritance.
The super keyword refers to superclass (parent) objects.
It is used to call superclass methods, and to access the superclass
constructor.The most common use of the super keyword is to
eliminate the confusion between superclasses and subclasses that
have methods with the same name.
1.super variable refers immediate parent class instance.
2.super variable can invoke immediate parent class method.
3.super() acts as immediate parent class constructor and should be
the first line in child class constructor
3)Explain exception handling with example.
Exception handling is the process of responding to unwanted or
unexpected events when a computer program runs. such as
ClassNotFoundException, IOException, SQLException,
RemoteException, etc.
Example ;
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
at ExceptionDemo.main(Exception.java:5)
ExceptionDemo : The class name
main : The method name
ExceptionDemo.java : The filename
java:5 : Line numberception
This message is not user friendly so a user will not be able to
understand what went wrong. In order to let them know the reason
in simple language, we handle exceptions. We handle such
conditions and then prints a user friendly warning message to user,
which lets them correct the error as most of the time exception
occurs due to bad data provided by user.
4)How to create user defined package ? How to access it ?Explain
with example.
Step 1: Creating a package in java class. The format is very simple
and easy. Just write a package by following its name.
package example1;
Step 2: Include class in java package, But remember that class only
have one package declaration.
package example1;
class gfg {
public static void main(Strings[] args){
} Java application and to recycle this memory for other uses.In the
} common language runtime (CLR), the garbage collector (GC) serves as
Step 3: Now the user-defined package is successfully created, we can
import it into other packages and use functions
Example :-
import example.gfg;
public class GFG {
public static void main(String args[])
{
gfg obj = new gfg();
System.out.println(obj.show());
}} . Output :- hello geeks !! How are you ?
5)What is Interface ? Why are they used in Java ? Explain
An Interface in Java programming language is defined as an abstract
type used to specify the behavior of a class. An interface in Java is a
blueprint of a class. A Java interface contains static constants and
abstract methods.
1.It is used to achieve total abstraction.
2.Since java does not support multiple inheritances in the case of
class, by using an interface it can achieve multiple inheritances.
3.It is also used to achieve loose coupling.
4.Interfaces are used to implement abstraction.
6)Define collection. Explain any two classes used with collection.
The Collection in Java is a framework that provides an architecture to
store and manipulate the group of objects.A Collection represents a
single unit of objects, i.e., a group.
1.ArrayList:-
The ArrayList class implements the List interface. It uses a dynamic
array to store the duplicate element of different data types. The
ArrayList class maintains the insertion order and is non-synchronized.
The elements stored in the ArrayList class can be randomly accessed.
2.LinkedList :-
LinkedList implements the Collection interface. It uses a doubly
linked list internally to store the elements. It can store the duplicate
elements. It maintains the insertion order and is not synchronized. In
LinkedList, the manipulation is fast because no shifting is required.
7)Write similarities and dissimilarities between Abstract Class
and Interface.
Similarities:-
1.We can't create object for both.
2.All the abstract methods must be overridden by subclass.
3.Don’t have default constructor.
4.By using both we can go for dynamic polymorphism.
5.Both can contain static and final variable.
6.Both inherited from common domain of itself using extends
keyword.
7.Both provide static method implementation.
Dissimilarities:-
1.Type of methods: Interface can have only abstract methods. An
abstract class can have abstract and non-abstract methods. From
Java 8, it can have default and static methods also.
2.Final Variables: Variables declared in a Java interface are by default
final. An abstract class may contain non-final variables.
3.Type of variables: Abstract class can have final, non-final, static and
non-static variables. The interface has only static and final variables.
8)Explain any four methods of file class.
1. canExecute() :- Tests whether the application can execute the file
denoted by this abstract pathname. :- boolean
2. canRead() :- Tests whether the application can read the file
denoted by this abstract pathname. :- boolean
3. canWrite() :- Tests whether the application can modify the file
denoted by this abstract pathname. :- boolean
4. compareTo :- (File pathname) Compares two abstract pathnames
lexicographically. :- int
9)Explain the need of garbage collection in java.
Java applications obtain objects in memory as needed. It is the task of
garbage collection (GC) in the Java virtual machine (JVM) to
automatically determine what memory is no longer being used by a
an automatic memory manager. The garbage collector manages the
allocation and release of memory for an application. For developers
working with managed code, this means that you don't have to write
code to perform memory management tasks.
1)What is jar file ? Give steps and example of creating jar file. 6)Write a short note on Abstract class.
JAR stands for Java ARchive. It's a file format based on the popular Data abstraction is the process of hiding certain details and showing
ZIP file format and is used for aggregating many files into one. only essential information to the user.
1.-c creates new archive file. Abstraction can be achieved with either abstract classes or interfaces
2.-v generates verbose output. It displays the included or extracted (which you will learn more about in the next chapter).
resource on the standard output. The abstract keyword is a non-access modifier, used for classes and
3.-m includes manifest information from the given mf file. methods:
4.-f specifies the archive file name. Abstract class: is a restricted class that cannot be used to create
5.-x extracts files from the archive file. objects (to access it, it must be inherited from another class).
itC:\> jar cf pack.jar pack Abstract method: can only be used in an abstract class, and it does
create jar file using this command by converting it into Pack.jar not have a body. The body is provided by the subclass.
2)Explain data types in Java. 1.An instance of an abstract class can not be created.
Data types specify the different sizes and values that can be stored in 2.Constructors are allowed.
the variable. There are two types of data types in Java that are 3.We can have an abstract class without any abstract method.
divided into two groups. 4.There can be a final method in abstract class but any abstract
Primitive data types :- The primitive data types include boolean, char, method in class(abstract class) can not be declared as final or in
byte, short, int, long, float and double.In Java language, primitive simper terms final method can not be abstract itself as it will yield an
data types are the building blocks of data manipulation. error: “Illegal combination of modifiers: abstract and final”
Non-primitive data types :- The non-primitive data types include We are not allowed to create objects for an abstract class.
Classes, Interfaces, and Arrays. 7)Explain inner class in Java with example.
3)What is adapter class ? Explain its purpose. In Java, inner class refers to the class that is declared inside class or
In JAVA, an adapter class is the default implementation of listener interface which were mainly introduced, to sum up, same logically
interfaces. The notion of listener interfaces stems from the relatable classes as Java is purely object-oriented so bringing it closer
Delegation Event Model. It is one of the many techniques used to to the real world.
handle events in Graphical User Interface (GUI) programming Example :-
languages, such as JAVA. An adapter class in JAVA is therefore class Outer {
purpose is to implement an interface having a set of dummy methods void outerMethod() {
. If a programmer chooses to inherit an adapter class, they will not be int x = 98;
forced to implement all the methods listed under a particular listener System.out.println("inside outerMethod");
interface. class Inner {
4)Differentiate StringBuffer and StringBuilder class. void innerMethod() {
StringBuffer :- System.out.println("x= "+x);
1.StringBuffer is synchronized i.e. thread safe. It means two threads }
can't call the methods of StringBuffer simultaneously. }
2.StringBuffer is less efficient than StringBuilder. Inner y = new Inner();
3.StringBuffer was introduced in Java 1.0 y.innerMethod();
StringBuilder :- }
1.StringBuilder is non-synchronized i.e. not thread safe. It means two }
threads can call the methods of StringBuilder simultaneously. class MethodLocalVariableDemo {
2.StringBuilder is more efficient than StringBuffer. public static void main(String[] args) {
3.StringBuilder was introduced in Java 1.5 Outer x=new Outer();
5)Explain arrays in Java. How does it differ from C++ ? x.outerMethod();
There are three behavioral differences between an array in C++ and a }
similar array in Java: }
1.A Java array is aware of its size while a C++ array is not Output inside innerMethod
2.Java detects and notifies a programmer when an array is indexed x= 98
out of bounds C++ does not
3.In C++ it is possible to create an array of fully constructed objects in
a single operation; Java requires multiple operations to create an
array of objectsThree behavioral differences between an array in C++
and a similar array in Java:Array Size1.A Java array is aware of its size
while a C++ array is not
Array Size :-
An array in Java is an object (i.e., an instance of an unnamed class),
so, like any object, it may have instance fields. Every Java array has a
field defined as public int length; that stores the size of (or the
number of elements in) the array.
Bounds Checking :-
Arrays, in both the C++ and Java programming languages, are zero-
indexed, meaning that legal index values range from 0 to size - 1
(where size is the maximum number of elements in the array).
Arrays Of Objects :-
It is possible in both C++ and in Java to have arrays of objects.
However, creating an array of objects in Java is a multi-step process
of building pointers and pointers-to-pointers (technically, Java has
references, but a Java reference is pretty close to a C++ pointer).