Republic of the Philippines

Mindanao State University

MALABANG COMMUNITY HIGH SCHOOL
Malabang, Lanao del Sur

Lesson Quantitative and Qualitative

3 Research
I. INSTRUCTION

Before going through, it is very important to read the lessons carefully to understand the concept. You
may collaborate with other students or consult other references, if it is necessary. There are follow-up activities
that are intended for you to process what have your learned. Lastly, enjoy what you are doing and be inspired
to study well.

II. INTRODUCTION

Research has two broad methodologies; qualitative research and quantitative research. Quantitative and
qualitative researches are complementary methods that you can combine in your research studies to get results
that are both wide-reaching and profound. To get the best results from these methods in your research, it’s
important that you understand the differences between them which you will study in this lesson.

Learning Objectives
After going through this module, you are expected to be able to:
▪ share research experiences and knowledge;
▪ explain the importance of research in daily life;
▪ describe characteristics, processes, and ethics of research;
▪ differentiate quantitative from qualitative research; and
▪ provide examples of research in areas of interest (arts, humanities, sports, science, business,
agriculture and fisheries, information and communication technology, and social inquiry)

III. CONCEPTS

In the previous lessons, you learned that research should be systematic, objective, feasible, empirical
and clear. These characteristics guide you in realizing the real nature of research following the processes as
well as the factors in selecting your general problem or topic. As a researcher you need to consider the ethics
and unethical practices in conducting research.

When to use Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research

Quantitative data can help you see the big picture.

Qualitative data adds the details and can also give a human voice to your survey results.

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 Difference: Qualitative Research versus Quantitative Research
Qualitative
It aims to create new theory based on
the gathered data.
A fact-finding research used to gain
Objective
understanding of individual
differences in terms of feelings and
experiences.
-natural setting
-making stories out of a certain
phenomenon.
Data Description
-Uses pictures, words, sentences,
paragraphs, compositions, narrations
and short stories
Small judgment (by decision)
Sample (size)
sampling
Unstructured or semi structured
(flexible processes)
Uses interviews, participant
observation, group discussions.
Ex: Case Study, field research
Uses open ended questions.
It is a freeform survey questions allow
a participant to answer in open-text
format, responses are unlimited to a
set of options.
Data Gathering Example:
Guide questions for the interviews
1. What was your experiences during
quarantine period on the COVID-19
pandemic? How did you handle the
situation caused by the pandemic?
2. Was the support of the National
and Local Government enough for
your basic needs? Did they conduct
evaluation for those who were
affected?
Inductive
The researcher starts with the
observations, an open mind without
Activities biases, gathering all exact details of
the topic and generalization or new
theory is given towards the end of
the research process.
Uses both inductive and deductive
They are not mutually exclusive with each other in research.
Inductive method or “bottom-up” is used if the researcher starts discussions
Data discussions from the lowest and highest means then explains the overall mean.
and Presentation
Deductive or “top-down “if discussion is from the overall mean going to the
lowest and highest means, deductive.
Quantitative
The purpose is to test a hypothesis or
theory.
Measures problem using rating scale
and other research parameters of group
similarities.
-measurement setting
-performs measures out of a certain
phenomenon.
- Uses numbers, scales, hypotheses,
calculations, computations and
statistics tools.
Large sample representatives of
population
Standardized /Structured
Uses census, survey questionnaire,
checklist, paper-pencil test and
experimentation.
Uses closed ended questions.
This questions can only be answered
by selecting from a limited number of
options, usually “multiple-choice”, “yes
or no”, or a rating scale
Example:
Strongly agree to strongly disagree
In quantitative research closed ended
questions are the basis of all statistical
analysis techniques applied on
questionnaires and surveys.
Sample Question:
Do you agree on online modality class
in transitioning the new normal of
education?
a. Strongly agree
b. Agree
c. Disagree
d. Strongly disagree
Deductive
Starts from a hypothesis or already
created theory emphasizing the
previously researched phenomenon
from different views (tested against
observations).
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 Opinions are based on experience or Opinions are based on laws, rules, or
observation. There are no criteria other recognized principles.
used in data discussions.
Data Analysis Synthesize data, interpret, thematic. Statistical

Subjective Objective

Data analysis is influenced by the The researcher employs standard

personal experiences and views. criteria in analyzing data.
Outcome Cultivates understanding with high Endorse a development.
validity. Has high output replicability.

There are no conclusions formulated. Conclusion is formulated towards the

end of the research process.

IV. GENERALIZATION

Similarities: Qualitative Research and Quantitative Research

1. Both have the process of inquiry and investigation.

2. Both improve life and help us in understanding various issues of life and in giving solutions to our
problems.
3. Both start with a problem and end with a new problem.
4. Both use textual forms in analyzing and interpretation of data.
5. Both use inductive and deductive methods of presenting data.

REFERENCES:

Abdullah, S.N. (2018) .Practical Research 1: Qualitative Research [PowerPoint slides].Retrieved

from http://www.academia.edu./ppt

Baraceros, E.L. (2016).Practical Research 1. Ist ed. Rex Book Store. Manila

Buenseco, D.B, Dacanay, D.E., Manalo, G.A. (2016).Department of Education Practical Research 1
Teachers Guide .Ist ed. Lexicon Press, Inc. Pasig City

Calmorin, L.P. (2016).Research and Thesis Writing with Statistics and Computer Application.
Rev.ed.Rex Book Store. Manila

Cristobal, A.P., Jr, & Cristobal, M.D. (2016). Practical Research 1 for Senior High School. Ist ed.C &
E Publishing Inc.Quezon City

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 Republic of the Philippines
Mindanao State University
MALABANG COMMUNITY HIGH SCHOOL
Malabang, Lanao del Sur
School Year 2021 - 2022

WORKSHEETS
Lesson 3, Week 3, Module 1
Quantitative and Qualitative Research
Name: _______________________________ Grade & Section: ___________________ Score: __________

Assessment 1

Direction: Determine whether each word or group of words indicates Qualitative Research or Quantitative
Research.
___________________1. Naturalistic
___________________2. To validate the already constructed theory
___________________3. Hypothesis
___________________4. Multiple Methods
___________________5. No criteria
___________________6. Pure words, phrases, sentences, compositions and stories are used in data
analysis
___________________7. Open-Ended Questions
___________________8. Highly-structured Research
___________________9. Objective
___________________10.Subjective

Assessment 2

Direction: For the following research titles, identify from which field it belongs to by choosing your answers
from the box below. Write only the letter as your answer on the space provided below each number.

A. Science Research
B. Fisheries research
C. Information & Communication Technology Research
D. Arts Based Research
E. Business Research
F. Humanities Research
G. Agriculture Research
H. Sports Research
I. Mathematics Research
J. Social Science Research

_______1 Scouring: Habitat Destruction of Coral Reefs and other Marine Animals
_______2.The Role of Computers in Digital Health Indicators
_______3. Students’ Misconceptions in Calculus
_______4. Making Bricks Out of Paper Strips
_______5.The Influence of Sports Activities on Learners Efficiency in Academics
_______6. Financial Attitude and Practices of Teachers
_______7. Psychosocial Stress Management of Senior High School Students
_______8. Effect of Classroom Environment through Classroom Structuring
_______9. Effect of Green Leaves as Nitrogen Fertilizers on Growth of Selected Vegetables
_______10.Parenting Needs, Goals and Strategies for Single Parents
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