ulity law

D To cmd Said to be
formwul A A caTe

+Ane du euls eaeh otherif e t 0

Ccm 6 obtoned from h e ohe by rellacig
'V nd 'v'y'A'
If C fo7mulce A Conteniniug Speoi al vanakle
T 05 F hen A its duals is obtuined by
plaei T by F md F by T

D u i t y luws cre bed 0n hosic Connaetors

(Negton) A CConjunetio) V(DisJuaHM)
while obtuinin dus Ae Sybel is et
chaged.
EXO (Pva) AR Duls to CPA@VVA
(PA@) VT CPva)AF
i CPv@) vCPAa)
Gv)Cp o ) VCAAT) Paa) A CAVF)
=
(vPv@) v CAAT) : P =
~Pva.
=CPva) v CAA T) ( v P = P)

PAa) A CRVF)
~Ceva) n CPVv(@As)) ICPna)V(en(avs)
vi Al 07 Suil w t to Mumbuj
o uba,
A md Suil uoent
 CP 0) A C~R >s)

CPA8)v (PA~a)n [v~R vs] (: P

CP va) A (~P V~@.) V CR AS)

( vR = A)

Logical identi+ies
OJer Morgem lucus CPv9) = (PA9)
CPA 9) CPV9) =

ASseciti ves luusS; ) PvC9 v3) = CPv9) VS

PACIA3) = CPA9)n3

Commm uteive luws: (0 Pv9 E 9VP

PA9 =9AP
IdenPotent l a : PVP EP
PaP =P
P
6Dowkle nagution: (D C P )
=

Oistbudive lu9: 0 Pv C9n8) = (Pvg)n CPv8)

PAC9 va) = (PA 4) V(PA3)

AbsorPtioy la: O PvCPA9) =P

PACPv g) =P

N e g t i n lug: )PV P eT
PAP =F
Tdemtih luas: PAT =P
PvF =P
PAF EF
Dominutin luug:(0) PvT = T
 NoTmL FormMs 0 Cemaniel fozms

T 1,, g ... Z re 1 Vanleg tey h e

is S d t be
eYPTeH KA X2A13 . .

.A y
Minterm 0 PToduet term 4, Xu, 13 m.
emd V V XaV *3 V... V a is S d to be Marterm

Su ter M

Conjynetim CPrduet) A
Disjunction Sum) V
Te Minterms 03
X:OPA9, PA9 PA 9vP /N ~9
Produet fermS.
Pv9, Pv9 PV~9 nPV9 yre MaX term 0
Su fems,
*Disjunetive normal form Cdnf)

disineive o T m L form CPdnf)

PrineiPal
Mnterms
A
A foTM ulL Corsistiy st dissunne Hoy f
PnneiPal disjunctive
noTmal formg
onby is cwled

Pa9) VP v(gA) (PAa)vs, (vPA9n8)v

(Pn9)
form is
Cled
normul
Pmrei'Pal dissuuetive
A A C e o n i u l ($OP) form,
Praduet
Slm
Conjunetive norM form CCnff)

Priveifal conjunetion oTMl form CPcnt)

A foTmudu consistiwa s ConjuneHns Mastem
culed Pmneifcl ConsnnlHM nTM to
y is

CPv9) ACgVs)A (VPVvs) Pa(4 V3) ek.

cudled
Pn'neital ConnA tive noTmu torm is
APn'e
Paduet fSum Canonic form CPOS)

Lntrodetion to PDNF md PcNF

MucteMm Minterm

Let P md 9be two sttemt Vunables3

CombinHon of disjunetHon Combinutim Conwsfim

(V) ()
PV9 PA9
PAv9
PA
PA
Vuriahles, the mumber f Mintermy May terms is
PriveiPl oissunetive PrieiPal Conjunetive
NoTmet Form CPDNF) NoTmalL Form CPCnF

PoNF (Minterms) V(Mintermd)| PCMF=Morferm)A (Mur fer)

V(Mintorms)...V(mintorn A (Mot tom)... A(Mutfom)|

Sum f Produet Produet ot SurS

Cunomcu form Coni caul form

PCNF amd PoNF C vecm Stotemend formulu

eed wt be Uniqye
 EX-0btaw Conjuneive mormu form t

CP>s) A CP 4)
(PA9)V (~ea9n3)
We n u h t P 9 E PV
P (Pa9)V(~Pn)
P) A )
E C)v9) A (vPv1)
(Pv9)9)A (veva) Cnf

) PA) v (~Paga 3)
=
(Pv(Pn1n3)) A(gv(Pa9n))
(CPV )A(Pva)n¢va) (Cve)A (av4) A(9Vs))
:4 d i s t n b i ve

CTACPv9) A(@va) a(&v)A9AGva)) PvP = T)

F
(PV)ACPv3) C9V»®) A9 C9v8)
EX-2 TACPv9) E Pv9)
Find c md d fer for the folleou
P 4 ) A C9P)
So (P>1) AC9>P)
=
(Pv4)ACg P)(C
(CPA(A V)) v (C9aC9VA) (oistnibutive
P A~9) v (PAP) V ( 9AA)VC9AP)
CPA ~) V F vF v(9AP)
CPA) V (9AP) (: PVF
P idaity laug )
Ex- 0b4ain disfwnchive wormal foTL
(E ) a C~PA9) CPaCP-9))9
(Pv9)
Ceva)n
9)
=
CPv
A 9)
A C~PA 9) C: P-9= ~PY9)
CPv)A
(PACPA )vC9A~png) oioy dótribire luu
(~Pv»9)
CCAP) A9) v CqA9Ae) C 01 5ociasive amd
Co tufve lu 6)
(Pv)df
CPA)vC9A~P) C61 idet Pote luu
Cn
A
PACP))9
CPACPv4)) 99 C: P-9 = P v
(~PV4)

CPACA VA)) v9
E PVCPA4) V9 df

Ex-4: obtan e Conj-eive ormul fo rm

»CPv9) CPa9)
(1) PACP 9)
P ACP>9
PACpv 9) Cnf P-39 =PV
Cpv9) >(PaJ
= (CPv1)v CPA) A[CPA9) V~CPV9
Cv4) v(®A9)] A [CPV C: P
)VGve) (~Pva)n (ve))
=

PvvP) ACPvq v)A PVv~#) n (rovvga)]

: sociative
(idemPotet luw)
-5
Find dnf CP->cgn8)) a (~p->(PA-3))
futt uble Method.
So
TP 9A3J)
CPA)A(P(Pa3)|
D F FT F

TFTFF F F F T F
I FF T F F T F
T F
FF TF F F T F
F T T FF F F
F
F
F T
TF F T F F
TTF T T T |(U
TTF T T T

Sonsfder only (T) fTolost Columy md ckaos e

CorasPomdimg vuu T) r y P, 9, 8.

(Pc9na) A(t(~Ph))
(Pag A8) V (~PA9A8)v(~eavgn3)
F i n d dnf Ce>(qvs)) .

TTTFT T F
TF F T T F
T F F T T F
F F F
T F T)
T F

T T F T
TF T
 CP cI ))
PARvs) v (~MA9A8) Vv (nPaqa8)vPAv9n

't
t0bteuun +he PTod uet f Sum cumo m fos
(~p >8)A C9 <>P).
foTmula Homue find
e
SufProdets CClna niulL for.
Sa Lt s = (~P3) A C9 P )

>PP->9 9 SMinterm Muxterm

F
TTTF T T T T
T PA9A3
T T F F T T T T
T PAA B
T F
T F T T F F
T FFF T
T F
F F
F T TT F T F F
FTFT F T F F Py V
F F TT T T TT PA9nS
FFFTFT| TF PvVS
PCNf S = C~P vg V~s)(Pv9vs)ACPV~9 V~s)ACPvV3)
A CPV 9V3)

PONF S = CPAn8)VC Pa9A~s)VC~Png n3)

obtuin h e dnf f t e form PACP S9)
Ex-8
S PACP 9) =
PaCPv 9)
(PAP) v (PA) Distn'butlve las )
FVCPA) CIdeniy luo )
PA9 Cdnt)