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Aimstutorial 2B Laq Saq
Aimstutorial 2B Laq Saq
Aimstutorial 2B Laq Saq
1. Find the equation of the circle passing through points (3, 4), (3, 2), and (1, 4)
Sol: Let A (3, 4), B (3, 2), and C (1, 4) Let the required eq’’n of the circle be Solving eq’’n (2) & (3)
𝟐 𝟐
𝐒 ≡ 𝐱 + 𝐲 + 𝟐𝐠𝐱 + 𝟐𝐟𝐲 + 𝐜 = 𝟎 ….(*)
⇨𝐠 − 𝐟 − 𝟏 = 𝟎 … … … . ((𝟓)
B (3, 2) lies on (*) Solving eq’’n (4) & (5)
( ) + 2f(2) + c = 0
⇨ (3) + (2) + 2g(3) ⇨g − (−3) − 1 = 0
9 + 4 + 6g + 4f + c = 0 ⇨g + 3 − 1 = 0
𝟔𝐠 + 𝟒𝐟 + 𝐜 + 𝟏𝟑 = 𝟎 … … … (𝟐) ⇨g + 2 = 0
𝐠 = −𝟐
C (1, 4) lies on (*) Sub ′g′ and ′f′ values in eq’n (1)
( ) + 2f(4) + c = 0
⇨ (1) + (4) + 2g(1) ⇨ 6(−2) + 8(−3) + c + 25 = 0
1 + 16 + 2g + 8f + c = 0 ⇨−12 − 24 + 25 + c = 0 ⇨ c = 11
𝟐𝐠 + 𝟖𝐟 + 𝐜 + 𝟏𝟕 = 𝟎 … … . . (𝟑) sub the values of ′g′ , ′f′ and ′c′ in (∗)
Solving eq’’n (1) & (2) (−3)y + (11) = 0
x + y + 2(−2)x + 2(−
6g + 8f + c + 25 = 0
∴ 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟒𝐱 − 𝟔𝐲 + 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟎
6g + 4f + c + 13 = 0
0 + 4f + 12 = 0 {÷ by 4
4}
⇨ 𝐟 = −𝟑 … … … . (𝟒)
2. Show that the points (1, 1), ((-6, 0), (-2, 2) and (-2, -8)
8) are concyclic.
Sol: Let A (1, 1), B (-6,
6, 0), C ((-2, 2) and D (-2, -8) Solving eq’’n (2) & (3)
Let the required eq’’n of the circle be −12g + 0 + c + 36 = 0
𝐒 ≡ 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐠𝐱 + 𝟐𝐟𝐲 + 𝐜 = 𝟎 …(*) −4g + 4f + c + 8 = 0
( ) + 2f(1) + c = 0
⇨ (1) + (1) + 2g(1) ⇨𝟐𝐠 + 𝐟 − 𝟕 = 𝟎 … … … . (𝟓)
1 + 1 + 2g + 2f + c = 0
7 1 -17 7
( 6) + 2f(0) + c = 0
⇨ (−6) + (0) + 2g(−6
⇨ 2(2) + 2(3) + c + 2 = 0
C (-2, 2) lies on (*) ⇨4 + 6 + 2 + c = 0 ⇨ c = −12
( 2) + 2f(4) + c = 0
⇨ (−2) + (2) + 2g(−2 sub the values of ′g′ , ′f′ and ′c′ in (∗)
4 + 4 − 4g + 4f + c = 0 ( )y + (−12) = 0
x + y + 2(2)x + 2(3)y
−𝟒𝐠 + 𝟒𝐟 + 𝐜 + 𝟖 = 𝟎 … … . . (𝟑)
∴ 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟒𝐱 + 𝟔𝐲 − 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎
Solving eq’’n (1) & (2)
Since D (-2, -8)
8) also lies on (*)
2g + 2f + c + 2 = 0
⇨ (−2) + (−8) + 4(−
−2) + 6(−8) − 12
−12g + 0 + c + 36 = 0
=4 + 64 − 8 − 48 − 12
14g + 2f − 34 = 0 {÷
÷ by 2}
= 68 − 68 = 0 ∴ Givin point are concyclic .
⇨ 𝟕𝐠 + 𝐟 − 𝟏𝟕 = 𝟎 … … … . (𝟒)
3. Show that the points (1, 2), (3, -4), (5, -6)
6) and (19, 8) are concyclic.
Sol: Let A (1, 2), B (3, -4),
4), C (5, -6) and D (19, 8) Solving eq’’n (2) & (3)
Let the required eq’’n of the circle be 6g − 8f + c + 25 = 0
𝐒 ≡ 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐠𝐱 + 𝟐𝐟𝐲 + 𝐜 = 𝟎 …(*) 10g − 12f + c + 61 = 0
( ) + 2f(2) + c = 0
⇨ (1) + (2) + 2g(1) ⇨𝟏𝐠 − 𝐟 + 𝟗 = 𝟎 … … … . (𝟓)
1 + 4 + 2g + 4f + c = 0
1 -3 5 1
( ) + 2f(−4) + c = 0
⇨ (3) + (−4) + 2g(3)
⇨ 2(−11) + 4(−2) + c + 5 = 0
C (5, -6) lies on (*) ⇨−22 − 8 + 5 + c = 0 ⇨ c = 25
( ) + 2f(−6) + c = 0
⇨ (5) + (−6) + 2g(5) sub the values of ′g′ , ′f′ and ′c′ in (∗)
25 + 36 + 10g − 12f + c = 0 x + y + 2(−11)x + 2((−2)y + (25) = 0
𝟏𝟎𝐠 − 𝟏𝟐𝐟 + 𝐜 + 𝟔𝟏 = 𝟎 … … . . (𝟑)
∴ 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟐𝟐𝐱 − 𝟒𝐲 + 𝟐𝟓 = 𝟎
Solving eq’’n (1) & (2)
Since D (19, 8) also lies on (*)
2g + 4f + c + 5 = 0
(19) − 4(8) + 25 = 0
⇨ (19) + (8) − 22(19
6g − 8f + c + 25 = 0
=361 + 64 − 418 − 32 + 25 = 0
−4g + 12f − 20 = 0 {÷ by − 4}
450 − 450 = 0 ∴ Givin point are concyclic .
⇨ 𝟏𝐠 − 𝟑𝐟 + 𝟓 = 𝟎 … … … . (𝟒)
4. If (2, 0), (0, 1), (4, 5) and (0, c) are concyclic, and then find the value of c. Solving eq’’n (2) & (3)
Sol: Let A (2, 0), B (0, 1), C (4, 5) and D (0, c) 0 + 2f + k + 1 = 0
Let the required eq’’n of the circle be 8g + 10f + k + 41 = 0
𝐒 ≡ 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐠𝐱 + 𝟐𝐟𝐲 + 𝐤 = 𝟎 …(*) −8g − 8f − 40 = 0 {÷ by − 8} ⇨𝐠 + 𝐟 + 𝟓 = 𝟎 … … … . (𝟓)
( ) + 2f(0) + k = 0
⇨ (2) + (0) + 2g(2) Solving eq’’n (4) & (5)
4 + 0 + 4g + 0 + k = 0 4 -2 3 4
B (0, 1) lies on (*) Sub ′g′ and ′f values in eq’n (1) ⇨ 4(− ) + k + 4 = 0
( ) + 2f(1) + k = 0
⇨ (0) + (1) + 2g(0)
⇨k = −4= =
0 + 1 + 0 + 2f + k = 0
sub the values of ′g′ , ′f′ and ′k′ in (∗)
𝟎 + 𝟐𝐟 + 𝐤 + 𝟏 = 𝟎 … … … (𝟐)
x +y +2 − x+2 − y+( ) = 0
−𝟒𝐠 + 𝟔𝐟 + 𝐜 + 𝟏𝟑 = 𝟎 … … … . (𝟏)
Sub ′g′ and ′f′ values in eq’n (1)
( ) + 2f(5) + c = 0
⇨ (4) + (5) + 2g(4) ⇨ + 13 + c = 0 ⇨ c = =−
16 + 25 + 8g + 10f + c = 0 sub the values of ′g′, ′f′ and ′c′ in (∗)
𝟖𝐠 + 𝟏𝟎𝐟 + 𝐜 + 𝟒𝟏 = 𝟎 … … … (𝟐)
x +y +2 − (0)y + ( − ) = 0
x + 2(0
−4g + 6f + c + 13 = 0
8g + 10f + c + 41 = 0
−12g − 4f − 28 = 0 {{÷ by − 4}
⇨ 𝟑𝐠 + 𝐟 + 𝟕 = 𝟎 … … … . (𝟑)
6. Find the equation of the circle passing through points (4, 1), (6, 5)and whose
centre lies on the line 𝟒𝐱 + 𝟑𝐲 − 𝟐𝟒 = 𝟎.
Sol: Let A (4, 1), B (6, 5) Solving eq’’n (3) & (4)
( ) + 2f(1) + c = 0
⇨ (4) + (1) + 2g(4) = (−3, −4)
16 + 1 + 8g + 2f + c = 0 Sub ′g′ and ′f′ values in eq’n (1)
𝟖𝐠 + 𝟐𝐟 + 𝐜 + 𝟏𝟕 = 𝟎 … … … . (𝟏) ⇨ 8(−3) + 2(−4) + c + 17 = 0
⇨−24 − 8 + 17 + c = 0 ⇨ c = 15
B (6, 5) lies on (*) sub the values of ′g′ , ′f′ and ′c′ in (∗)
( ) + 2f(5) + c = 0
⇨ (6) + (5) + 2g(6) (−4)y + (15) = 0
x + y + 2(−3)x + 2(−
36 + 25 + 12g + 10f + c = 0
∴ 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟔𝐱 − 𝟖𝐲 + 𝟏𝟓 = 𝟎.
𝟏𝟐𝐠 + 𝟏𝟎𝐟 + 𝐜 + 𝟔𝟏 = 𝟎 … … … (𝟐)
8g + 2f + c + 17 = 0
12g + 10f + c + 61 = 0
−4g − 8f − 44 = 0 {÷ by − 4}
⇨ 𝟏𝐠 + 𝟐𝐟 + 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟎 … … … . (𝟑)
⇨4(−g) + 3(−f) − 24 = 0
⇨𝟒𝐠 + 𝟑𝐟 + 𝟐𝟒 = 𝟎 … … … (𝟒)
2. Show that the points (1, 1), ((-6, 0), (-2, 2) and (-2, -8)
8) are concyclic.
1. Find the equation of the circle passing through points (3, 4), (3, 2), and Sol: Let A (1, 1), B (-6,
6, 0), C ((-2, 2) and D (-2, -8)
(1, 4)
The required eq’’n of the circle passing through A (𝑥
( , 𝑦 ), B ((𝑥 , 𝑦 ) is
Sol: Let A (3, 4), B (3, 2), and C (1, 4)
𝒙 𝒚 𝟏
The required eq’’n of the circle passing through A ((𝑥 , 𝑦 ), B ((𝑥 , 𝑦 ) is
( − 𝒚𝟏 )(𝒚 − 𝒚𝟐 ) + 𝒌 𝒙𝟏
(𝒙 − 𝒙𝟏 )(𝒙 − 𝒙𝟐 ) + (𝒚 𝒚𝟏 𝟏 =𝟎
𝒙 𝒚 𝟏 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 𝟏
( − 𝒚𝟏 )(𝒚 − 𝒚𝟐 ) + 𝒌 𝒙𝟏
(𝒙 − 𝒙𝟏 )(𝒙 − 𝒙𝟐 ) + (𝒚 𝒚𝟏 𝟏 =𝟎
𝑥 𝑦 1
𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 𝟏 ⇨ (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 6) + (𝑦
( − 1)(𝑦 − 0) + 𝑘 1 1 1 =0
−6 0 1
𝑥 𝑦 1 (0 + 6)] = 0
⇨𝑥2+6𝑥 − 1𝑥 − 6 + 𝑦 − 1𝑦 + 𝑘[𝑥(1 − 0) − 𝑦(1 + 6) + 1(0
⇨ (𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 − 3) + (𝑦
( − 4)(𝑦 − 2) + 𝑘 3 4 1 =0 ⇨𝑥2+5𝑥 − 6 + 𝑦 − 𝑦 + 𝑘[𝑥(1) − 𝑦(7) + 1(6)] = 0
3 2 1
⇨𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟓𝒙 − 𝒚 − 𝟔 + 𝒌[𝒙 − 𝟕𝒚 + 𝟔] = 𝟎 … … . . (𝟏)
( − 3) +
⇨𝑥 2−3𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 9 + 𝑦 − 2𝑦 − 4𝑦 + 8 + 𝑘[𝑥(4 − 2) − 𝑦(3
16−12=0
𝑪(−𝟐, 𝟐)𝒑𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒉𝒓𝒐𝒖𝒈𝒉 . . (𝟏)
⇨𝑥 2−6𝑥 + 9 + 𝑦 − 6𝑦 + 8 + 𝑘[𝑥(2) − 𝑦(0) + 1(−6)] = 0
⇨ 4 + 4 − 10 − 2 − 6 + 𝑘[−16 + 6] = 0
ℎ . . (1)
𝐶(1, 4)𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ −10 = 10𝑘 ⇨𝑘 1, 𝑠𝑢𝑏 𝑘 = −1 𝑖𝑛 (1)
= −1
( ) + 17 + 𝑘[2(1) − 6] = 0
⇨ 1 + 4 − 6(1) − 6(4) ⇨ 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 5𝑥 − 𝑦 − 6 − 1[𝑥 − 7𝑦 + 6] = 0
⇨𝒙2+𝒚𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟔𝒚 − 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎 … … . (𝟐)
⇨ 34 − 30 − 4𝑘 = 0
(−2) + 6(−8) − 12
⇨ (−2) + (−8) + 4(−
⇨ 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 6𝑥 − 6𝑦 + 17 + 1[2𝑥 − 6] = 0 ⇨ 4 + 64 − 8 − 48 − 12
3. Show that the points (1, 2), (3, -4), (5, -6)
6) and (19, 8) are concyclic. 4. If (2, 0), (0, 1), (4, 5) and (0, c) are concyclic, and then find the value of c.
Sol: Let A (1, 2), B (3, -4),
4), C (5, -6) and D (19, 8) Sol: Let A (2, 0), B (0, 1), C (4, 5) and D (0, c)
The required eq’’n of the circle passing through A ((𝑥 , 𝑦 ), B ((𝑥 , 𝑦 ) is The required eq’’n of the circle passing through A ((𝑥 , 𝑦 ), B ((𝑥 , 𝑦 ) is
𝒙 𝒚 𝟏 𝒙 𝒚 𝟏
( − 𝒚𝟏 )(𝒚 − 𝒚𝟐 ) + 𝒌 𝒙𝟏
(𝒙 − 𝒙𝟏 )(𝒙 − 𝒙𝟐 ) + (𝒚 𝒚𝟏 𝟏 =𝟎 ( − 𝒚𝟏 )(𝒚 − 𝒚𝟐 ) + 𝒌 𝒙𝟏
(𝒙 − 𝒙𝟏 )(𝒙 − 𝒙𝟐 ) + (𝒚 𝒚𝟏 𝟏 =𝟎
𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 𝟏 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 𝟏
𝑥 𝑦 1 𝑥 𝑦 1
⇨ (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 3) + (𝑦
( − 2)(𝑦 + 4) + 𝑘 1 2 1 =0 ⇨ (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 0) + (𝑦
( − 0)(𝑦 − 1) + 𝑘 2 0 1 =0
3 −4 1 0 1 1
( − 3) +
⇨𝑥 2−3𝑥 − 1𝑥 + 3 + 𝑦 + 4𝑦 − 2𝑦 − 8 + 𝑘[𝑥(2 + 4) − 𝑦(1 [𝑥(0 − 1) − 𝑦(2 − 0) + 1(2 − 0)] = 0
⇨𝑥2−2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑦 + 𝑘[𝑥
1−4−6=0
[𝑥(−1) − 𝑦(2) + 1(2)] = 0
⇨𝑥2−2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑦 + 𝑘[𝑥
⇨𝑥 2−4𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑦 − 5 + 𝑘[𝑥(6) − 𝑦(−2) + 1(−10)] = 0
⇨𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 − 𝒚 + 𝒌[[−𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟐] = 𝟎 … … . . (𝟏)
𝟐 𝟐
⇨𝒙 + 𝒚 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 − 𝟓 + 𝒌[𝟔𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 − 𝟏𝟎] = 𝟎 … … . . (𝟏)
( )
𝒙2+𝒚𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟖𝒚 + 𝟏𝟓 = 𝟎……….(𝟐)
⇨3(𝑥2+𝑦 − 2𝑥 − 8𝑦 + 7) − 8𝑥 + 24𝑦 − 88 = 0
𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐮𝐬(𝐫) = 𝐠𝟐 + 𝐟𝟐 − 𝐜
𝑟 = √3 + 1 − 1 = √3
3 =3 𝑟 = √2 + 3 + 12 = √ 4 + 9 + 12 = 5
𝑟 = √1 + 4 − 13 = √
√17 − 13 = √4 = 2 𝑟 = √3 + 9 − 26 = √
√9 + 81 − 26 = √64 = 8
𝐶𝐶 = (𝑥 − 𝑥 ) + (𝑦
𝑦 −𝑦 )
= (−1 − 3) + (4 − 1)) 𝐶𝐶 = (𝑥 − 𝑥 ) + (𝑦
𝑦 −𝑦 )
𝑪𝟏 𝑪𝟐 = 𝒓𝟏 + 𝒓𝟐 = (−5) + (−12) = √
√25 + 144 =√169=13
𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒊𝒓𝒄𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒕𝒐𝒖𝒄𝒉 𝒆𝒂𝒄𝒉 𝒐𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒆𝒙𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒚. 𝑪𝟏 𝑪𝟐 = 𝒓 𝟏 + 𝒓 𝟐 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒊𝒓𝒄𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒕𝒐𝒖𝒄𝒉 𝒆𝒂𝒄𝒉 𝒐𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒆𝒙𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒚
𝒆𝒙𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒚.
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑝 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝐶 𝐶 Internally in the ratio 𝑟 : 𝑟 = 3: 2 = 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑝 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝐶 𝐶 Internally in the ratio 𝑟 : 𝑟 = 5: 8 =
𝑚: 𝑛 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
𝑚: 𝑛 P= , = ,
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
P= , = ,
= , = ,
= , = , 𝑒𝑞 𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑡 𝑝 𝑖𝑠 𝑠 − 𝑠 = 0
𝑒𝑞 𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑡 𝑝 𝑖𝑠 𝑠 − 𝑠 = 0 x + y − 4x − 6y − 12 = 0
x + y − 6x − 2y + 1 = 0 x + y + 6x + 18y + 26 = 0
x + y + 2x − 8y + 13 = 0 -10x-246y -38=0
38=0 {{÷ −2}
√
= = 𝑟 = √2 + 3 + 12 = √4
4 + 9 + 12 = 5
𝑟 = √1 + 8 − 0 = √1 + 64 = √65 𝑟 = ( ) +( ) + = = = √9 = 3
𝐶𝐶 = (𝑥 − 𝑥 ) + (𝑦
𝑦 −𝑦 ) = (1 − 3) + 8 −
𝐶𝐶 = (𝑥 − 𝑥 ) + (𝑦
𝑦 −𝑦 )
√
= (−2) + (− ) = 4+ =
= −2 + −3
𝑪𝟏 𝑪𝟐 = |𝒓𝟏 − 𝒓𝟐 | 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒊𝒓𝒄𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒕𝒐𝒖𝒄𝒉 𝒆𝒂𝒄𝒉 𝒐𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒚
𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒚.
𝑒𝑞 𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑡 𝑝 𝑖𝑠 𝑠 − 𝑠 = 0
𝑟 : 𝑟 = 5: 3 = 𝑚: 𝑛
x + y − 6x − 9y + 13 = 0
( ) ( )
x + y − 2x − 16y = 0 P= , = ,
-4x+7y
4x+7y +13=0 {{÷ −} ∴ 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟕𝒚 − 𝟏𝟑 = 𝟎.
= , = − , = (1, 1)
Q.No:18 & 19 Circle Q.No:18 & 19 Circle
AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B
2B AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B
2B
𝑒𝑞 𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑡 𝑝 𝑖𝑠 5𝑠 − 𝑠 = 0
11. Find the transverse common tangents of the circles 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟒𝐱 − 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑟 =⊥ 𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝟏𝟎𝐲 + 𝟐𝟖 = 𝟎, 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟒𝐱 − 𝟔𝐲 + 𝟒 = 𝟎. 𝑟 =⊥ 𝑙𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐶 (2, 5)𝑡𝑜 (1)
Sol: eq’’n s of the given circles | | | ( ) ( ) |
𝑑= ⇨ =1
√ ( ) ( )
S ≡ x + y − 4x − 10y + 28 = 0 … . . (1) S ≡ x + y + 4x − 6y + 4 =
0 … . . (2) ⇨
| |
=1 S.O.B.S ⇨ (2𝑚 − 1) = 4𝑚 + 4
√
𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐬 (−𝐠, −𝐟): C (2,
( , 5), C (−2, 3))
⇨ 4𝑚 + 1 − 4𝑚 = 4𝑚 + 4 𝑚=∞=
𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐮𝐬(𝐫) = 𝐠𝟐 + 𝐟𝟐 − 𝐜
⇨ −3 = 4𝑚 𝑜𝑟 𝑚 = −
𝑟 = √2 + 5 − 28 = √ √4 + 25 − 28 = 1 , 𝑟 = √2 + 3 − 4 =
√4 + 9 − 4 = √9 = 3
𝐶𝐶 = (𝑥 − 𝑥 ) + (𝑦
𝑦 −𝑦 )
𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑒(𝑖𝑖)𝑚 = − 𝑠𝑢𝑏 𝑖𝑛 (1)
= (−2 − 2) + (3 − 5)) 𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑒(1) 𝑚 = 0 𝑠𝑢𝑏 𝑖𝑛 (1)
𝑦− = − (𝑥
( − 1)
= (−4) + (−2) = √16
16 + 4 =√20 𝑦− = (𝑥 − 1))
𝑪𝟏 𝑪𝟐 > 𝒓𝟏 + 𝒓𝟐 There exits two transverse common tangents ⇨4𝑦 − 18 = −3𝑥 + 3
𝒙−𝟏=𝟎
𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝐶 𝐶 Internally in the ratio 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟐𝟏 = 𝟎..
𝑟 : 𝑟 = 1: 3 = 𝑚: 𝑛
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
P= , = ,
= , = , = (1, )
12. Find the direct common tangents of the circles 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟐𝟐𝐱 − 𝟒𝐲 − ⇨ 𝑚𝑥 − 𝑦 − 22𝑚 − 4 = 0
𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟎,
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑟 = 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐶 𝑡𝑜 (1)
𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟐𝟐𝐱 + 𝟒𝐲 + 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟎.
| | | ( ) ( ) |
Sol: eq’’n s of the given circles 𝑑= = =5
√ ( ) ( )
MODEL:-3 12. Show that the poles of tangents to the circle x2+y2=a2 w.r.to the circle
(x + a) 2+y2=2a2 lie on y2+4ax=0.
11. Find the equation of the circles which touch
Sol: Given circles
2x-3y+1=0
3y+1=0 at (1, 1) and having radius√𝟏𝟑. 𝑥 2+𝑦2=r2…… (1)
Sol: given two circles touch the line x 2+y2 +2𝑎𝑥 - a2=0…. (2)
2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 1 = 0 … … … ((1)
𝐴𝑡 𝑃(1, 1) 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 (𝑟) = √13 Let P(𝑥 , 𝑦 ) be the pole of the tangents to the circle (1) w. r. t the circle (2)
The centre’s 𝐶 , 𝐶 𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝑎 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 ⊥ 𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑡𝑜 (1)𝑎𝑡 𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑟 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚
𝑃(𝑥 , 𝑦 ) = (1, 1) Now the polar of p w.r.t to S=0 is S1=0
Slope of (1) = - ( ) = ⇒xx1+yy1+a(x+x1) - a2 =0
Slope of line 𝐶 𝐶 = ⇒𝑥(𝑥 + 𝑎) + 𝑦𝑦 + (𝑎 𝑎𝑥 − 𝑎 ) = 0…. (1)
= 1 ± √13 , 1 ± √13
13 = {1±(−2), 1 ± 3}
√ √
𝑎=
( )
= (1-2,
2, 1+3) and (1+2, 1
1-3)
⇨ 𝑎 (𝑥 + 𝑎) + 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑎) S.O.B
= (-1, 4) and (3, -2)
⇨(𝑥 + 𝑎) + 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 𝑎)
Eq’’n of the circle with 𝐶 (−1, 4) ⇨𝑥 + 𝑎 + 2𝑎𝑥 + 𝑦 =𝑥 + 𝑎 − 2𝑎𝑥
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟 = √13
(𝒙 − 𝒂)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒃)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐 ⇨𝑦 + 4𝑎𝑥 = 0
⇒ (𝑥 + 1) +(𝑦 − 4) = √13 the pole of the tangents to the circle (1) w. r. t the circle (2)lie on the curve
⇒ 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐱 − 𝟖𝐲 + 𝟒 = 𝟎
𝑦 + 4𝑎𝑥 = 0
⇒ (𝑥 − 3) + (𝑦 + 2) = √13 ⇒ 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟔𝐱 + 𝟒𝐲 = 𝟎.
Sol: Suppose that the tangents drawn from P to the circle S=0 touch the
Equation of tangent through p with slope ‘m’ is
circle at A and B the equation of AB is 𝑆 = 0.
y=𝒎𝒙 ± 𝒂√𝟏 + 𝒎𝟐
⇨𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 + 𝑔(𝑥 + 𝑥 ) + 𝑓(𝑦 + 𝑦 ) + 𝑐 = 0… (1)
(𝑥 , 𝑦 )
This passes through P(𝑥
⇒ 𝑌 =𝑚𝑥 ± 𝑎√1 + 𝑚 Let Q (x , y ) be any point on these tangents. Now the locus of Q will be the
⇒ 𝑌 -𝑚𝑥 = ±𝑎√1 + 𝑚 S.O.B equation of pair of tangents drawn from P.
⇒ (𝑌 − 𝑚𝑥 ) = (±𝑎√1
1+𝑚 ) The segment PQ is divided by the line AB in the ratio -𝑆 : 𝑆 or 𝑆 : 𝑆
⇒𝑦 +𝑚 𝑥 − 2𝑚𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑎 (1 + 𝑚 )
⇒𝑦 +𝑚 𝑥 − 2𝑚𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑎 𝑚 ) = …….(2)
⇒(𝑥 − 𝑎 )𝑚 − (2𝑥 𝑦 )𝑚 + (𝑦 − 𝑎 ) = 0{𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0}
But 𝑃𝐵 = 𝑆 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑄𝐵 = 𝑆
Where m1, m2 bee the slopes of the tangents which make angles
𝜃 , 𝜃 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑋 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 ∴ = ……. (3)
m1=tan𝜃 , m2=tan𝜃 𝑚 +𝑚 =− ,𝑚 𝑚 =
From (2), (3) we get = S.O.B
Given cot𝛉𝟏 + 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝛉𝟐 =k.
⇒ =
⇒ + =𝑘 ⇒𝑆 𝑆 = 𝑆
Hence the equation of the locus of
⇒ + =𝑘
⇒ =𝑘 Q (x , y ) is S = SS .
⇒𝑚 + 𝑚 = 𝑘𝑚 𝑚
{∵ (x , y ) replaced by (x, y)}
⇒ =𝑘
⇒2𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑘(𝑦 −𝑎 )
15. Find the pair of tangents drawn from (1, 3) to the circle 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 −
𝟐𝐱 + 𝟒𝐲 − 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟎 and also find the angle b/w them. 16. Find the eq’’n of the circle which touches the circle 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟒𝐱 +
Sol: Given eq’’n of the circle 𝟔𝐲 − 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎
S ≡ x + y − 2x + 4y − 11 = 0 at (-1,
1, 1) internally with radius 2.
P (1, 3) = (𝑥 , 𝑦 )
Sol: S ≡ x + y − 4x + 6y − 12 = 0 … . . (1)
𝑆 = 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 + 𝑔(𝑥 + 𝑥 ) + 𝑓(𝑦+𝑦 ) + 𝑐
𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐬 (−𝐠, −𝐟): C (2,
( −3)
17. Find the eq’’n of the circle which touches the circle 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟐𝐱 −
𝟒𝐲 − 𝟐𝟎 = 𝟎 at (5, 5) externally with radius 5.
Sol: S ≡ x + y − 2x − 4y − 20 = 0 … . . (1)
𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐮𝐬(𝐫) = 𝐠𝟐 + 𝐟𝟐 − 𝐜
𝑟 = √1 + 2 + 20 = √
√25 = 5
⇨ = 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 =5
1 + 𝑎 = 10 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2 + 𝑏 = 10
⇨𝑎 = 9 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏=8
eq n of the
he required circle is
⇨ (x − 9) + (y − 8) = (5)
⇨ x + 81 − 18x + y + 64 − 16y = 25
1. Equation of a parabola in standard form 1. Find the coordinates of the vertex and focus, the equation of the
Proof: directrix and axis of the parabola 𝒚𝟐 − 𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 + 𝟓 = 𝟎.
Let S be the focus, l=0 be the directrix of the parabola.
Sol: the given equation is 𝑦 − 𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 5 = 0
Let P (𝑥 , 𝑦 ) be a point on the parabola.
Let M, Z be the projections of the P, S on l=0 respectively. ⇨𝑦 + 4𝑦 = 𝑥 − 5
Let N be the projection of p on SZ.
⇨𝑦 + 4𝑦 + 2 = 𝑥 − 5 + 2
Let A be the midpoint of SZ, ⇨SA=AZ
Let SA=AZ=a, A is called vertex of the parabola. ⇨(𝑦 + 2) = (𝑥 − 1)
Take AS as X-axis
axis and AY as YY-axis
⇨[𝑦 − (−2)] = (𝑥 − 1) Comparing with[𝑦 − 𝑘] = 4𝑎((𝑥 − ℎ)
⇨A
A (0, 0), S (a, 0) and P ((𝑥 , 𝑦 ) We get, 4a=1⇨a=1/4
⇨a=1/4 and (h, k) = (1, -2)
PM=NZ=NA+AZ=
PM=NZ=NA+AZ=|𝑥 + 𝑎| i. Vertex (1, -2) (ii)
(ii)Focus(h+a, k)=(1+ , −2)= , −2
2
(iii) Equation of the directrix is 𝑥=h-a
⇨𝑥 = 1 − = ⇨ 4𝑥 − 3 = 0
ii. Length of the latus rectum is 4a=1.
iii. Eq’’n of axis 𝑦 − 𝛽 = 0 ⇨ 𝑦 + 2 = 0
2. Find the coordinates of the vertex and focus, the equation of the
directrix and axis of the parabola 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟑 = 𝟎.
⇨𝑥 − 2𝑥 = −4𝑦 + 3
⇨𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 1 = −4𝑦
𝑦+3+1
4. Find the equation of the parabola whose axis is parallel to the yy-axis 5. Find the equation of the parabola whose axis is parallel to the xx-axis
and passing through the points (4, 5), ((-2, 11), (-4, 21). and passing through the points ((-2, 1), (1, 2), (-1, 3).
Sol: The equation of the parabola whose axis is parallel to the yy-axis Sol: Sol: The equation of the parabola whose axis is parallel to the yy-
𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 … (∗) axis 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑦 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 … (∗)
(4, 5) lies on (*) (-2, 1) lies on (*)
⇨ 5 = 𝑎(4) + 𝑏(4 (4) + 𝑐 ⇨ −2 = 𝑎(1) + 𝑏(1) ( )+𝑐
⇨ 5 = 16𝑎 + 4𝑏 + 𝑐 … … (1) ⇨ −2 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 … … (1)
Solving (1) & (2) solving (1) & (3) Solving (1) & (2) solving (1) & (3)
5 = 16𝑎 + 4𝑏 + 𝑐 5 = 16𝑎 + 4𝑏 + 𝑐 11 = 4𝑎 − 2𝑏 + 𝑐 −2 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 −2 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 1 = 4𝑎 + 2𝑏 + 𝑐
21 = 16𝑎 − 4𝑏 𝑏+𝑐 −1 = 9𝑎 + 3𝑏 + 𝑐
−6 = 12𝑎 + 6𝑏 … . (4) -16=8b………(5) −3 = −3𝑎 − 𝑏 … . (4) -1=-8a-2b………(5)
⇨ 𝑏 = −2
𝑆𝑢𝑏 𝑏 = −2 𝑖𝑛 (4) Solving (4) & (5)
⇨−6 = 12𝑎 − 12 -3 -1 3 -3
⇨ 12𝑎 = −6 + 12 = 6 -8 -2 1 -8
⇨𝑎 = =
(a, b)= , = , = − ,
Sub a, b in (1)
⇨5= − 8 + 𝑐⇨𝑐𝑐 = 5 Substituting the values of a,b in (1) we get
Substituting the values of a,b and c in (*) we get the required equation ⇨ − + + 𝑐 = −2
of the parabola ⇨ 8 + 𝑐 = −2
𝑦 = 𝑥 + (−2)𝑥
) +5 ∴ 𝑐 = −10
⇨ 𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 4𝑥 + 10 = 0. Substituting the values of a,b and c in (*) we get the required equation
of the parabola
𝑦=− 𝑥 + − 𝑥 − 10
⇨ 5𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 21𝑥 + 10 = 0.
6. Show that the equation of common tangents to the circle 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 7. Find the equation of the parabola whose focus is (-2,
( 2, 3) and directrix is
𝟐𝒂𝟐 and the parabola 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟖𝒂𝒙 are y=±(𝒙 + 𝟐𝒂). the line 2x+3y-4=0.
4=0. Also find the length of the latex rectum and the
Sol: equation of the axis of the parabola.
Given equation of the circle 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2𝑎 … (1) Sol:
𝑥 + 𝑦 = √2𝑎 , 𝑟 = √2𝑎 Given S (-2, 3)
Eq’’n of directrix l=2𝑥
𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 4 = 0.
Parabola 𝑦 = 8𝑎𝑥
𝑎𝑥 … . . … (2)
Let P (𝑥 , 𝑦 ) be a point on the parabola.
[𝑦 = 4𝑎 𝑥, 𝑎 = 2𝑎]
Draw a perpendicular PM on the to the line L=0.
⇨ = 1 ⇨ 𝑆𝑃 = 𝑃𝑀 ⊥ 𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡 =
Let ‘m’ be the slope of common tangent. √
Equation of tangent to (1), (𝑥 + 2) + (𝑦 − 3)) = S.O.B
√
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 ± √2𝑎 √1
1 + 𝑚 ….. .. ... (3)
( )
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 ± 𝑟 1 + 𝑚 ⇨(𝑥 + 2) + (𝑦 − 3)) =
𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑞 𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑟
⇨ 13[𝑥 + 4 + 4𝑥 + 𝑦 + 9 − 6𝑦 ]
Equation of tangent to (2),
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + .. ... (4) = 4𝑥 + 9𝑦 + 16 + 12𝑥 𝑦 − 24𝑦 − 16𝑥
𝑎
∴ 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 +
𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑞 𝑛 𝑜𝑓 ⇨13𝑥 + 52 + 52𝑥 + 13𝑦 + 117 − 78𝑦
𝑚
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑦 = 4𝑎′𝑥 -4𝑥 − 9𝑦 − 16 − 12
12𝑥 𝑦 + 24𝑦 + 16𝑥 = 0
(3), (4) Represents same line
⇨9𝑥 − 12𝑥 𝑦 +4𝑦 + 68𝑥 − 54𝑦 + 153 = 0
±√2𝑎 √1 + 𝑚 =
𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 ∴ Locus of P is
⇨2𝑎 (1 + 𝑚 )= 9𝑥 − 12𝑥𝑦+4𝑦 + 68
68𝑥 − 54𝑦 + 153 = 0 is the eq’’n of the para
parabola.
⇨𝑚 (1 + 𝑚 )= 2 Length of latus rectum=4a=2
rectum=4a=2|2𝑎| = 2|𝑠𝑧|
⇨𝑚 + 𝑚 − 2 = 0
⇨𝑚 + 2𝑚 − 𝑚 − 2 = 0 =2[⊥ 𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑆
𝑆(−2, 3) 𝑡𝑜 𝑙 = 0]
⇨𝑚 (𝑚 + 2)-1(𝑚 𝑚 + 2)=0 ( ) ( )
=2 =2 =2 =
⇨(𝑚 − 1)(𝑚 + 2 2)=0 √ √ √ √
⇨𝑚 − 1 = 0, 𝑜𝑟 𝑚 + 2 = 0
Eq’’n of the axis is the line ⊥ 𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑥
⇨𝑚 = 1 𝑜𝑟 𝑚 = −2 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒
∴𝑚 = ±1 sub in (4) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ
ℎ 𝑆(−2, 3) is
𝑦 = ±𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏(𝑥 − 𝑥 ) − 𝑎(𝑦 − 𝑦 ) = 0
±
y=±(𝑥 + 2𝑎).
⇨3(𝑥 + 2) − 2(𝑦 − 3)) = 0
⇨3𝑥 + 6 − 2𝑦 + 6 = 0 ∴3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 12 = 0
8. Prove that the area of the triangle inscribed in the parabola 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒𝒂𝒙 9. Prove that the area of the triangle formed by the tangents at
𝟏 (𝑥 , 𝑦 ), (𝑥 , 𝑦 ), (𝑥
( ,𝑦 )
is |(𝒚𝟏 − 𝒚𝟐 )(𝒚
)( 𝟐 − 𝒚𝟑 )(𝒚𝟑 − 𝒚𝟏 )| Sq.uints where𝒚𝟏, 𝒚𝟐, 𝒚𝟑 are
𝟖𝒂
to the Parabola 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒𝒂𝒙 is
ordinates of its vertices. 𝟏
𝑺𝒐𝒍: Given eq’’n of the parabola 𝑦 = 4𝑎𝑥….(1) |(𝒚𝟏 − 𝒚𝟐 )(𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟑 )(𝒚𝟑 − 𝒚𝟏 )| Sq.uints where𝒚𝟏, 𝒚𝟐, 𝒚𝟑 are
𝟏𝟔𝒂
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝐴 (𝑥 , 𝑦 ) = (a𝑡𝑡 , 2a𝑡 ); ordinates of its vertices.
𝐵 (𝑥 , 𝑦 ) = (a𝑡 , 2a𝑡 ) 𝑺𝒐𝒍: Given eq’’n of the parabo
parabola 𝑦 = 4𝑎𝑥….(1)
𝐶 (𝑥 , 𝑦 ) = (a𝑡 , 22a𝑡 ) 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝐷 (𝑥 , 𝑦 ) = (a𝑡 , 2a𝑡 );
𝐴 𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑛 (1) ⇨ 𝑦 = 4𝑎𝑥 ⇨ 𝑥 = 𝐸 (𝑥 , 𝑦 ) = (a𝑡 , 2a𝑡𝑡 )
𝐹 (𝑥 , 𝑦 ) = (a𝑡 , 2a𝑡𝑡 )
∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 In scribed in the parabola
𝑥 −𝑥 𝑦 −𝑦 𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒
= 𝑥 −𝑥 𝑦 −𝑦
𝐴 = [a𝑡 𝑡 , a(𝑡 + 𝑡 ) ];
𝐵 = [a𝑡 𝑡 , a(𝑡 + 𝑡 ) ]
𝑦 −𝑦
= 𝐶 = [a𝑡 𝑡 , a(𝑡 + 𝑡 ) ]
𝑦 −𝑦
(𝑦 − 𝑦 )(𝑦
( + 𝑦 ) (𝑦 − 𝑦 ) ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 In scribed in the parabola
= 𝑥 −𝑥 𝑦 −𝑦
(𝑦 − 𝑦 )(𝑦
( + 𝑦 ) (𝑦 − 𝑦 ) = 𝑥 −𝑥 𝑦 −𝑦
( )( ) (𝑦
( +𝑦 ) 1
= a𝑡 𝑡 − a𝑡 𝑡 𝑎𝑡𝑡 + a𝑡 − 𝑎𝑡 − a𝑡
(𝑦
( +𝑦 ) 1 = a𝑡 𝑡 − a𝑡 𝑡 𝑎𝑡𝑡 + a𝑡 − 𝑎𝑡 − a𝑡
( )( )
= |𝑦 + 𝑦 − 𝑦 − 𝑦 | 𝑡 (𝑡 − 𝑡 ) (𝑡
( −𝑡 )
=
𝑡 (𝑡 − 𝑡 ) (𝑡
( −𝑡 )
𝑦 = 2a𝑡 ⇨ 𝑡 =
( ) ( ) ( )
= . . Sq.uints
𝟏
|(𝒚𝟏 − 𝒚𝟐 )(𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟑 )(
)(𝒚𝟑 − 𝒚𝟏 )| Sq.uints.
𝟏𝟔𝒂
𝒅 𝒅
4. (𝒌𝒙) = 𝒌 ⇨ ∫ 𝒌𝒅𝒙 = 𝒌𝒙 + 𝒄. 14. (𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙) = 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙. 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
⇨ ∫ 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙. 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙 + 𝒄.
𝒅 𝟏 𝟏
5. (𝐥𝐨𝐠 |𝒙|)) = ⇨ ∫ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 |𝒙| + 𝒄.
𝒅𝒙 𝒙 𝒙
𝒅
15. (𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙) = −𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙. 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝒙
𝒅𝒙
𝒅 𝟏 𝟏
6. √𝒙 = 𝟐 ⇨ ∫ √𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐√𝒙 + 𝒄. ⇨ ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙. 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝒙𝒅𝒙 = −𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙 + 𝒄.
𝒅𝒙 √𝒙
𝒅 𝟏 𝟏
16. (𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
𝒙) =
𝒅𝒙 𝟏 𝒙𝟐
|𝒙|
7. ∫ 𝒙
𝒅𝒙 = |𝒙| + 𝒄 ⇨∫
𝟏
𝒅𝒙 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏
𝒙 + 𝒄.
𝟏 𝒙𝟐
𝒅
8. (𝒆𝒙 ) = 𝒆𝒙 ⇨ ∫ 𝒆𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒆𝒙 + 𝒄.
𝒅𝒙
𝒅 𝟏 𝟏
17. (𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
𝒙) = −
𝒅𝒙 𝟏 𝒙𝟐
𝟏 𝟏
𝒅 𝒂𝒙 𝒂𝒙 𝒂𝒙 ⇨ ∫− 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 + 𝒄.
9. 𝒅𝒙 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂
= 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂 (𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂) = 𝒂𝒙 ⇨ ∫ 𝒂𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂 + 𝒄. 𝟏 𝒙𝟐
𝒅 𝟏 𝟏
𝒅
(𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 18. (𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙
𝒙) = 𝟏
10. 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙) = −𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 ⇨ ∫ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = −𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 + 𝒄. 𝒅𝒙 𝒙𝟐
𝒅𝒙 𝟏 𝟏
⇨∫ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 + 𝒄.
𝟏 𝒙𝟐
𝒅
11. (𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙) = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙
𝒅𝒙
⇨ ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 + 𝒄.
Q.No: 20 &21 Quadratic expressions Q.No: 20 &21 Quadratic expressions
AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A
Part-2
= √ tan
Now I=∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 √
= tan +𝑐
√ √
=𝐴 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐵 ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝒇 (𝒙)
( )
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔|𝑥 + 𝑥 + 1| + √
tan +𝑐
√
∴∫ ( )
𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒙=𝒍𝒐𝒈|𝒇(𝒙)|+c
𝒇(𝒙)
I= 𝑙𝑜𝑔|𝑥 + 𝑥 + 1| + tan +𝑐
√ √
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔|𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 12|+B I (consider) … (2))
[𝑻𝒚𝒑𝒆 − 𝑰𝑰]] I =∫ 𝑑𝑥
Part-3 √
𝟐𝒙 𝟓 𝒑𝒙 𝒒 𝑳
2. ∫ 𝒅𝒙 ∴∫ 𝒅𝒙 𝑶𝑹 ∫ 𝒅𝒙
𝒙𝟐 𝟐𝒙 𝟏𝟎 𝒂𝒙𝟐 𝒃𝒙 𝒄 𝑸 =∫ 𝑑𝑥
( ) ( )
{ L = AQ’ + B }
Part-1
2𝑥 + 5 = 𝐴((2𝑥 − 2) + 𝐵 =∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝟏 𝒙
( ) 𝟏
∴ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡 +𝒄
2𝑥 + 5 = 2𝐴𝑥
𝐴𝑥 − 2𝐴 + 𝐵 √𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒂
=∫ 𝟐
𝑑𝑥
( ) 𝟑
𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑜 − 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 & 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝐵
𝐵. 𝑆
2A=2⇨A= 1 -2A+B=5⇨B=5+
⇨B=5+ (2A) ⇨B= 7 =sinh +𝑐
∴∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 2√𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 10 + 7 sinh +𝑐
√
[ ]
Part-2 Now I=∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√ √
=1 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐵 ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√ √
𝒇 (𝒙
(𝒙)
∫ 𝒅𝒙=𝟐 𝒇(𝒙)+c
(𝒙)
𝒇(𝒙
3. ∫
𝟓 𝒙
𝒅𝒙 = ∫
𝟓 𝒙
𝒅𝒙 = ∫
𝟓 𝒙
𝒅𝒙 = I =∫ 𝑑𝑥 =∫ 𝑑𝑥
√ [ ]
𝒙 𝟐 (𝒙 𝟐)(𝟓 𝒙) 𝒙𝟐 𝟕𝒙 𝟏𝟎 Part-3
𝒑𝒙 𝒒 𝑳
∴∫ 𝒅𝒙 𝑶𝑹 ∫ 𝒅𝒙 { add and sub = }
𝒂𝒙𝟐 𝒃𝒙 𝒄 𝑸
Sol: { L = AQ’ + B }
Part-1 =∫ 𝑑𝑥
Let 5 − 𝑥 = [𝐴(−𝑥 + 7𝑥 − 10) + 𝐵] 𝑒𝑞 𝑛
5 − 𝑥 = 𝐴(−
−2𝑥 + 7) + 𝐵
= 𝑑𝑥
5 − 𝑥 = −2𝐴𝑥
𝐴𝑥 + 7𝐴 + 𝐵
𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑜 − 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 & 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝐵. 𝑆
= 𝑑𝑥
-2A= -1⇨A=
⇨A= ; 7A+ B=5 ⇨B=5-7A⇨B=
⇨B= 5 − =
𝟏 𝟏
𝒙
= 𝑑𝑥 ∴ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 +𝒄
√𝒂𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 𝒂
Part-2 Now I=∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√ √
= sin +𝑐
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√ √
=sin +𝑐
𝒇 (𝒙)
∴∫ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐 𝒇(𝒙)+c 𝟓 𝒙
𝒇(𝒙)
∫ 𝒙 𝟐
𝒅𝒙 = √
√−𝑥 + 7𝑥 − 10 + sin +𝑐
𝒙 𝟏 𝒑𝒙 𝒒 𝑳
4. ∫ 𝒅𝒙 ∴∫ 𝒅𝒙 ∴∫ 𝒅𝒙
𝒙𝟐 𝒙 𝟏 𝒂𝒙𝟐 𝒃𝒙 𝒄 𝑸
Consider:
𝑺𝒐𝒍: 𝑹𝒖𝒍𝒆: 𝑳 = 𝑨𝑸
𝑨𝑸’ + 𝑩 PART-3
PART
PART-1 I =∫ 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 − 𝑥 + 1) + 𝐵] 𝑒𝑞′𝑛
LET 𝑥 + 1 = [𝐴(𝑥 √
𝑥 + 1 = 𝐴(2𝑥 − 1)) + 𝐵 =∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 + 1 = 2𝐴𝑥 − 𝐴 + 𝐵
=∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑜 − 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 & 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝐵. 𝑆
𝟏 𝟏
𝒙
=∫ 𝑑𝑥 ∴ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡 +𝒄
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥 √ √𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒂
√ PART-2
=sinh √
+𝑐
=∫ 𝑑𝑥
√
=sinh +𝑐
√
∫√ 𝑑𝑥 = √𝑥 − 𝑥 + 1 + sinh +𝑐
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥 √
√ √
𝒇 (𝒙)
∴∫ ( )+c
𝒅𝒙=𝟐 𝒇(𝒙)
𝒇(𝒙)
= 2√𝑥 − 𝑥 + 1
1+ ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√
[𝑻𝒚𝒑𝒆 − 𝑰𝑰𝑰
𝑰𝑰𝑰] ∴ (𝒑𝒙 + 𝒒) 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄𝒄𝒅𝒙 Consider: ∫ √6 − 2𝑥
𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝟔 − 𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 𝒅𝒙
5. ∫(𝟔𝒙 + 𝟓)√𝟔
=∫ −2(𝑥 − − 3
3) 𝑑𝑥 add and sub =
𝑠𝑜𝑙: L=AQ’+B
= ∫ −2 𝑥 − + − − 3 𝑑𝑥
6𝑥 + 5 = [𝐴(6 − 2
2𝑥 + 𝑥) + 𝐵] 𝑒𝑞 𝑛(1)
⇨ 6𝑥 + 5 = 𝐴(−4𝑥
𝑥 + 1) + 𝐵
= ∫ −2 𝑥− − − 3 𝑑𝑥
⇨ 6𝑥 + 5 = −4𝐴𝑥 + 𝐴 + 𝐵
𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑜 − 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 & 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝐵. 𝑆
= ∫ −2 𝑥− − 𝑑𝑥
-4A=6⇨A= A+B=5 ⇨B=5 - ⇨B=
= ∫ √2 − 𝑥− 𝑑𝑥
=∫ (6 − 2𝑥 + 𝑥 ) + √6 − 2𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝐱 𝐚𝟐 𝟏
𝒙
∴ 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 +𝒄
𝟐 𝟐 𝒂
= − ∫(6 − 2𝑥 + 𝑥) √6 − 2𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + √6 − 2𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝟑
{𝒇(𝒙)}𝟐 ( ) /
( )}𝟏/𝟐 𝒇 (𝒙)𝒅𝒙 =
{𝒇(𝒙)} 𝟑
+ 𝒄. = √2 − 𝑥− + sin /
𝟐
( ) /
= √2 − 𝑥− + sin +C
𝟑
=− 𝟐 + √6 − 2𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝐼=
−(6 − 2𝑥 + 𝑥) +
( ) /
√2 − 𝑥− + sin
𝟐𝐱 𝟐 − 𝐱 + 𝟏 𝐝𝐱
6. ∫(𝟑𝐱 − 𝟐)√𝟐𝐱
Consider:∫ √2𝑥 − 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥
Rule: (𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞) = 𝐴(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐)′+B
𝑠𝑜𝑙: 3𝑥 − 2 = [𝐴(
[ (2𝑥 − 𝑥 + 1) + 𝐵] 𝑒𝑞 𝑛(1) =∫ 2(𝑥 − + ) 𝑑𝑥
⇨ 3𝑥 − 2 = 𝐴(4𝑥 − 1) + 𝐵
⇨ 3𝑥 − 2 = 4𝐴𝑥 − 𝐴 + 𝐵 = ∫ 2[𝑥 − + + − ] 𝑑𝑥
𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑜 − 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 & 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝐵. 𝑆
I=∫(3x − 2)√
√2x − x + 1 dx
=∫ 2 𝑥− + 𝑑𝑥
=∫ (2𝑥 − 𝑥 + 1) − √2𝑥 − 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥
√
= ∫√2 𝑥− + 𝑑𝑥
𝐱 𝐚𝟐 𝟏
𝒙
∴ 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡 +𝒄
= ∫(2𝑥 − 𝑥 + 1) √2𝑥 − 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥- √2𝑥 − 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥 𝟐 𝟐 𝒂
{𝒇(𝒙)}𝒏 𝟏
{𝒇(𝒙)}𝒏 . 𝒇 ((𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = + 𝒄. /
𝒏+𝟏 = 𝑥− + + sinh √ /
( ) /
𝟑 = 𝑥− + + sinh
=𝟒 - √2
2𝑥 − 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥 √
( )
I=𝟑𝟒 −
√
𝑥− +
√
+ sinh
√
+𝑐
= − (4x − 1)√2
2𝑥 − 𝑥 + 1 − sinh +𝑐
√ √
𝟏
[𝑻𝒚𝒑𝒆 − 𝑰𝑽] ∫ 𝒅𝒙
(𝒑𝒙 𝒒) 𝒂𝒙𝟐 𝒃𝒙 𝒄 𝟏
8. ∫ dx
𝟏 (𝟏 𝒙) 𝟑 𝟐𝒙 𝒙𝟐
7. ∫ dx
(𝟏 𝒙) 𝟑 𝟐𝒙 𝒙𝟐
t= 𝑠𝑜𝑙: Put (1-x) = ⇨t=
𝑠𝑜𝑙: Put (1+x) = ⇨
∫ (− 𝑑𝑡)
=∫ ( 𝑑𝑡)
= −∫ 𝑑𝑡
( ) ( )
=∫ 𝑑𝑡
( ) ( )
1 1
=− 𝑑𝑡 ) (
3𝑡 + 2𝑡 − 2𝑡 − 1 − 𝑡 + 2𝑡) 𝑡 =∫
)
( 𝑑𝑡 )
1 2√𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 1 2√𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏
= −∫ 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥 = +𝑐 𝑑𝑥 = +𝑐
√
𝑎 √𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 𝑎
√𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 √
=∫ 𝑑𝑡 =
√
√
=−
= 4 −1
=− 4 −1
= = +C
=− =− +C
𝟐𝒅𝒕 = ∫ 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 𝑑𝑡
𝒅𝒙 = 𝟏 𝒕𝟐
;
𝟏 − 𝒕𝟐 1 1 𝑥−𝑎
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 = = ∫ 𝑑𝑡 ∴ 𝑑𝑥 = log +𝑐
=∫ 𝟏 + 𝒕𝟐 𝑥 −𝑎 2
2𝑎 𝑥+𝑎
=∫ = log +𝑐
=2 ∫ [ ]
𝑑𝑡
= log
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝒙
=2 ∫ [ 𝑑𝑡 ∴ ∫ 𝒂𝟐 𝒙𝟐
𝒅𝒙 = 𝒂 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒂
+c
]
= log +𝑐
= tan +𝐶 = log
( )
+𝑐
( )
= tan +𝐶 .
= log +𝑐
𝟏
4) ∫ 𝒅𝒙 Let t = 𝒕𝒂𝒏
𝒙
; 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 =
𝟐𝒕
𝟏 4cos x+ 3sin x 𝟐 𝟏 𝒕𝟐
3) ∫ 𝒅𝒙 Let t= 𝒕𝒂𝒏
𝒙
;
𝟏 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 𝟐 𝑠𝑜𝑙: ∫ 4cos x+ 3sin x 𝑑𝑥 𝒅𝒙=
𝟐𝒅𝒕
; 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 =
𝟏 𝒕𝟐
𝟐𝒅𝒕 𝟏 𝒕𝟐 𝟏 𝒕𝟐
Sol: I = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝒅𝒙= 𝟏 𝒕𝟐
;
cos x+ sin x+
+1 =∫
𝟏 𝒕𝟐
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 =
𝟏 𝒕𝟐
=∫ = 2∫
𝟐𝒕
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙=
𝟏 𝒕𝟐
= 2∫ 𝑑𝑡 = − ∫ 𝑑𝑡
( ) ( )
=∫
=− ∫ 𝑑𝑡 𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓 −3 −3
𝑎𝑑𝑑 & 𝑠𝑢𝑏 = =
2 2×2 4
= ∫[ ]
2𝑑𝑡
𝟏 𝟏
= −𝟐∫ 𝟑 𝟐 𝟗
𝒅𝒕
𝒕– 𝟏
𝟒 𝟏𝟔
=∫ 𝑑𝑡 𝟏 𝒅𝒕
[ ] 𝟏 = −𝟐∫
𝟑 𝟐 𝟓 𝟐
∴ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈
𝒍𝒐𝒈|𝒙| + 𝑪 𝒕
𝟒 𝟒
𝒙
= ∫[ ]
𝑑𝑡
𝟏 𝒅𝒕 1 1 𝑎+𝑥
= ∫ ∴ 𝑑𝑥 = log +𝑐
𝟐 𝟓 𝟐 𝟑 𝟐
𝟒
𝒕
𝟒
𝑎 −𝑥 2𝑎𝑎 𝑎−𝑥
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔|1 + 𝑡| + 𝐶
I= 𝑙𝑜𝑔 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 +𝐶
= log = log +𝑐
= log = log +𝑐
= log +𝑐
𝟏
5) ∫ 𝒅𝒙
sin x+√3cosx 𝒙
Let t= 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟏
𝟐
Sol: ∫ sin x+√3cosx 𝑑𝑥 6) ∫ 3cos x+ 4sin x+6 𝒅𝒙 Let 𝑡𝑎𝑛 = 𝑡;
𝟐𝒅𝒕
𝒅𝒙 =
𝟏 𝒕𝟐
Sol: ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥=
=∫ 3cos x+ 4sin x+6
𝟐𝒕
√ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 =
𝟏 𝒕𝟐
=∫ 𝑑𝑥= ;
= 2∫ √ √ 𝟏 − 𝒕𝟐
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 =
𝟏 + 𝒕𝟐 cos 𝑥 =
= 2∫
= 2∫− 𝑑𝑡
√
√
= 2∫[ ]
𝑑𝑡
𝑎𝑑𝑑&𝑠𝑢𝑏
= 2∫ 𝑑𝑡
= √ ×
= √ 𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓 8 4
= =
2 3×2 3
= −√ ∫ 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 𝑑𝑡
√ √ √
= −√ ∫ 𝑑𝑡
= ∫ 𝑑𝑡
√
= −√ ∫ 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 𝑑𝑡
( )
√ ( )
= ∫ 𝑑𝑡 𝟏 𝟏 𝒂+𝒙 = ∫ 𝑑𝑡
√ ( )
√ √ ∴ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 +𝑪 ( )
√
𝒂𝟐 −𝒙 𝟐 𝟐𝒂 𝒂−𝒙 1 1 𝑥
∴ 𝑑𝑥 = tan +𝑐
𝑎 +𝑥 𝑎 𝑎
√ √
= log +𝑐
√ .(
√
)
√ √
= √
tan √
+𝐶
√
= log +𝑐 =√ tan +𝐶
√ √
√
= log +𝑐 =√ tan √
+ 𝐶.
√
𝟏
7) ∫ 𝒅𝒙
5+4cos2x
𝟏 Let t = 𝒕𝒂𝒏
𝒕𝒂𝒏(𝒙)
𝒔𝒐𝒍: ∫ 𝒅𝒙 𝟏 Let t = 𝒕𝒂𝒏(𝒙)
5+4cos2x 8) ∫ 2-3cos2x 𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒕
𝒅𝒙 = 𝟏 𝒕𝟐 𝒅𝒕
𝒅𝒙 =
𝟏 𝒕𝟐
𝟐𝒕 𝟏
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒙 = 𝒔𝒐𝒍: ∫ 2-3cos2x 𝒅𝒙 𝟐𝒕
𝟏 𝒕𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒙 = 𝟏
=∫ 𝒕𝟐
𝟏 − 𝒕𝟐
𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝒙 = 𝟏 − 𝒕𝟐
𝟏 + 𝒕𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝒙 =
𝟏 + 𝒕𝟐
=∫
=∫ =∫ [ ]
𝑑𝑡
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝒙
∴∫ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 +c =∫ =∫ [ 𝑑𝑡
=∫ [ ]
𝑑𝑡 𝒂𝟐 𝒙𝟐 𝒂 𝒂
]
= tan +𝐶 =∫ (√ )
𝑑𝑡 𝟏 𝟏 𝒙−𝒂
∴ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 +𝒄
𝒙𝟐 − 𝒂 𝟐 𝟐𝒂 𝒙+𝒂
( ) √
= tan +𝐶 = log
√ √
√
= log +𝑐
√ √
⇨2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝒇 (𝒙) ∴ 𝟏𝒅𝒙 = 𝒙 + 𝒄
= −4𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 5𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 4𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 5𝐵𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝐵𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 ∴∫ 𝒅𝒙=𝒍𝒐𝒈|𝒇((𝒙)|+c
𝒇(𝒙)
⇨2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥(−4𝐴 + 5𝐵) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥(5𝐴 + 4𝐵
𝐵)
𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑡
𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑐𝑜 − 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑓 𝐼 =− cosx+5sinx)| +
𝑙𝑜𝑔|(4cosx 𝑥 + 𝑐.
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥⇨5𝐴 + 4𝐵 = 2;
⇨ 5𝐴 + 4𝐵 − 2 = 0 … (1)
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥⇨−4𝐴 + 5𝐵
𝐵 = 3;
⇨−4𝐴 + 5𝐵 − 3 = 0 … . (2)
𝟗𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝒅
10) ∫ 4sinx+5cosx 𝒅𝒙 𝑹𝒖𝒍𝒆: 𝑵𝒓 = 𝑨 ((𝑫𝒓) + 𝑩(𝑫𝒓)
cosx 𝒅𝒙
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔(1)& (2))
𝑠𝑜𝑙:
9𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 = 𝐴 [[4sinx+5cosx]′ + 𝐵 [4sinx+5cosx ]
5 4 -2 5
-4 5 -3 -4
⇨ 9𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 = 𝐴 [4𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 5𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥] + 𝐵 [4sinx+55cosx ]
( ) ( )
(𝐴, 𝐵) = , ⇨9𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 = 4
4𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 5𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 4𝐵𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 5𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
( ) ( )
𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑡
𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑐𝑜 − 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑓 [𝑻𝒚𝒑𝒆 − 𝑰𝑰𝑰 = 𝑰 + 𝑰𝑰
𝑰𝑰]
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥⇨4𝐴 + 5𝐵 = 9 𝒙
Let t= 𝒕𝒂𝒏 ;
⇨ 4𝐴 + 5𝐵 − 9 = 0 … . . (1) 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 𝟑𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝟕 𝟐
11) ∫ 𝒅𝒙
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥⇨−5𝐴 + 4𝐵𝐵 = −1; 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝟏 𝟐𝒅𝒕
𝑠𝑜𝑙: 𝒅𝒙= 𝟏 𝒕𝟐
;
⇨−5𝐴 + 4𝐵 + 1 = 0 … . (2)
𝟏 𝒕𝟐
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔(1)& (2)) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 =
Consider: 𝟏 𝒕𝟐
4 5 -9 4 𝟐𝒕
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙=
I =∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝟏 𝒕𝟐
-5 4 1 -5 cos x+ sin x+1
( )
(𝐴, 𝐵 ) = ,
( ) ( ) =∫
= , = [1,
[ 1 1]
=∫
9𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
=1 [4𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 5𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥] + 1 [4𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 5𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥]
= ∫[ 2𝑑𝑡
∫ sinx+5cosx
𝑑𝑥 ] 𝟏
∴ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈|𝒙|
( ) [ ] 𝒙
=∫ sinx
sinx+5cosx
𝑑𝑥
=∫ 𝑑𝑡 +𝑪
( sinx+5cosx) ( sinx+5cosx) [ ]
= 1∫ + 1∫ 𝑑𝑥
( sinx+5cosx) ( sinx+5cosx)
= ∫[ ]
𝑑𝑡
∴ ∴ 𝟏𝒅𝒙 = 𝒙 + 𝒄 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔|1 + 𝑡| + 𝐶
𝒇 (𝒙)
∫ 𝒇(𝒙)
𝒅𝒙=𝒍𝒐𝒈|𝒇
𝒇(𝒙)|+c
I = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 +𝐶
𝐼 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔|(4sinx+55cosx)| + 𝑥 + 𝑐.
𝑑
𝑅𝑢𝑙𝑒
𝑅𝑢𝑙𝑒: 𝑁𝑟 = 𝐴 (𝐷𝑟) + 𝐵(𝐷𝑟) + 𝑘
𝑑𝑥
I=∫ 𝑑𝑥
cosx+sinx+1
+sinx+1] + 𝑘
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 7 = 𝐴 [cosx+sinx+1] + 𝐵 [cosx+
= 𝐴 – 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝐵 [cosx+sinx+1] + 𝑘 −1 [𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 1] + 2 [𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 1]] + 5
= 𝑑𝑥
cosx+sinx+1
= −𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝐵𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝐵 + 𝑘
( +𝐵
⇨𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 7 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥(−𝐴 + 𝐵) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥(𝐴 𝐵) + (𝐵 + 𝑘) (cosx+
cosx+sinx+1)′ (cosx+sinx+1))𝑑𝑥
= −1 +2
(cosx
cosx+sinx+1) +1)
(cosx+sinx+1
𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜 − 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 5
+ 𝑑𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ⇨𝐴 + 𝐵 = 1; cos x + sin x +1
⇨ 𝐴 + 𝐵 − 1 = 0 … . . (1)
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 ⇨−𝐴 + 𝐵 = 3
3; ∴
⇨−𝐴 + 𝐵 − 3 = 0 … . (2) 𝒇 (𝒙)
∴ 𝟏𝒅𝒙 = 𝒙 + 𝒄
∫ +c
𝒅𝒙=𝒍𝒐𝒈|𝒇(𝒙)|+c
𝒇(𝒙)
=−1𝑙𝑜𝑔|(cosx+sinx+
+1)| + 2𝑥 + 5𝑙𝑜𝑔 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 +𝐶
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 (1)And (2) {fromI }
1 1 -1 1
-1 1 -3 -1
𝐼=−1𝑙𝑜𝑔|(cosx+sinx
sinx+1)| + 2𝑥 + 5𝑙𝑜𝑔 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 +𝐶
( ) ( )
(𝐴, 𝐵) = ,
( ) ( )
= ,
𝒙 𝒅
Let t= 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟐
; 𝑹𝒖𝒍𝒆: 𝑵𝒓 = 𝑨 (𝑫𝒓) + 𝑩(𝑫𝒓) + 𝒌
𝟐𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐱 𝟑𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐱 𝟒 𝒅𝒙
12) ∫ 𝟑𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐱 𝟒𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐱 𝟓
𝐝𝐱 𝟐𝒅𝒕
𝒅𝒙= ;
𝑠𝑜𝑙: 𝟏 𝒕𝟐
𝟏 𝒕𝟐 Nr = 2sinx + 3cosx + 4
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 = 𝟏 𝒕𝟐
Consider: = 𝐴 [3sinx + 4cosx
cosx + 5] + 𝐵 [3sinx + 4cosx + 5
5] + 𝑘
𝟐𝒕
I =∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙=
𝟏 𝒕𝟐
= 𝐴 [3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 4𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥] + 𝐵 [3sinx + 4cosx + 5]] + 𝑘
= 3𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 4𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 3𝐵𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 4𝐵𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 5𝐵 + 𝑘
=∫ = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥(−4𝐴 + 3𝐵) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥(3𝐴 + 4𝐵) + (5𝐵 + 𝑘)
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ⇨3𝐴 + 4𝐵 = 3
3;
⇨ 3𝐴 + 4𝐵 − 3 = 0 … . . (1)
=∫
𝟏 𝟏
∴ 𝒅𝒙 = − + 𝑪 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 ⇨−4𝐴 + 3𝐵 = 2;
𝒙𝟐 𝒙
⇨−4𝐴 + 3𝐵 − 2 = 0 … . . (2)
= ∫( )
2𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑡
5𝐵 + 𝑘 = 4 … … (3)
= 2[ ]
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑒𝑞 𝑛 (1
( ))& (2)
=
1 x y
3 4 -3 3
( ) ( )
-4 3 -2 -4 ((𝐴, 𝐵) = ( )
, ( )
= ,
𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 (3) ⇨ 5𝐵 + 𝑘 = 4
⇨𝑘 = 4 − 5
⇨𝑘 = 4 − = =
Model-3:
3: REDUCTION FORMULAE
I= [3sinx + 4cosx
cosx + 5] + [3sinx + 4cosx + 5] + 1) If 𝐈𝒏 = ∫ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒏 𝒙𝒅𝒙,, then show that
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒏 𝟏 𝒙𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 𝒏 𝟏
𝐈𝒏 = − 𝒏
+ 𝒏
𝐈𝒏 𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒉𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝐈𝟒 .
[ ] [ ]
I= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
Sol:I = ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥=
=∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥
∴ 𝟏𝒅𝒙 = 𝒙 + 𝒄
𝒇 (𝒙) 𝐈𝒏 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥.(−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)
∫ 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈|𝒇
|𝒇(𝒙)|+c
− ∫(𝑛 − 1)𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)(−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)]𝑑𝑥
𝐈𝒏 =−𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + (n
(n-1)∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥(1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
I (1 + 𝑛 − 1)=−𝑠𝑖𝑛
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + (n − 1)I
I =− + I
Now
I =− + I =‘’ + (n-1)∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥𝑑𝑥 − (𝑛 − 1) ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥𝑑𝑥
[I = ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 1𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝑐]
I (𝑛)=𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + (n − 1)I
I =− − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑐.
I = + I
Now
2) If 𝐈𝒏 = ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒏 𝒙𝒅𝒙,, then show that I = + I
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒏 𝟏 𝒙𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝒏 𝟏
𝐈𝒏 =
𝒏
+
𝒏
𝐈𝒏 𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒉𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅𝐈𝟓, 𝐈𝟒 . = + I
= + [ + I ]
Sol: I = ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑥𝑑𝑥=∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥
I = + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑐.
𝐈𝒏 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)
𝑥.(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
− (𝑛 − 1)𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥(−𝑠𝑖𝑛)(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)]𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
= −I = −[ −I ]
3) Find the reduction formula for ∫ 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒏 𝒙𝒅𝒙 and hence
find∫ 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟔 𝒙𝒅𝒙
𝒙𝒅𝒙. = − +I
Sol: 𝐈𝒏 = ∫ 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒏 𝒙𝒅𝒙
= ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 (𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 − 1)𝑑𝑥 = − + −I
= ∫[𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 ]𝑑𝑥
= − + −𝑥+𝐶
= ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥
I = −I = ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 − 1)𝑑𝑥
I =− −I 5) If 𝐈𝒏 = ∫ 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒏 𝒙𝒅𝒙
𝒙𝒅𝒙, then show that
𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒏 𝟐 𝒙𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙 𝒏 𝟐
𝐈𝒏 = − + 𝐈
𝒏 𝟏 𝒏 𝟏 𝒏 𝟐
I =− −I
Sol:I = ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥
case(2): if n is odd
odd, I 𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎI . (𝒖𝒗)𝒅𝒙 = 𝑼 𝑽𝒅𝒙 − [𝑼′ 𝑽𝒅𝒙]𝒅𝒙
{I = ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔|𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥| + 𝐶}
I = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥
Now I = − −I − ∫{(𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥)′ ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥
=− + +I
= 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 − (𝑛 − 2) 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥
=′′ − (𝑛 − 2) ∫(𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
. =′′ − (𝑛 − 2) ∫(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
I = + I
. .
I = + { + I } =′′ − (𝑛 − 2) ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥 + (𝑛 − 2) ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥
( )
= ′′ + ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝒎 𝒏
7) If ∫ 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙𝒄𝒐𝒔
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙𝒅𝒙, then show that
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒏 𝟏 𝒙𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒎 𝟏 𝒙 𝒏 − 𝟏 = ′′ +
( )
∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝐈𝒎,𝒏 = + 𝐈
𝒎+𝒏 𝒎 + 𝒏 𝒎,𝒏𝒏 𝟐
( )
Sol:I = ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = ′′ + ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥
( )
- ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥𝑑𝑥
=∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥
( )
= (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥)(𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = ′′ + ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥
( )
- ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥
V=𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥⇨∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥
( ) ( )
∴f(x) =𝑠𝑖𝑛
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥, 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 I , + I , =𝑐𝑜𝑠
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + I ,
⇨𝑉 =
( )
By using integration by parts I , (1 + )=𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + I ,
(𝑢𝑣
𝑢𝑣)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑈 𝑉𝑑𝑥 − [𝑈′ 𝑉𝑑𝑥]𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
( )
I , ( )=𝑐𝑜𝑠
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + I ,
( )
I , =𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + I ,
=𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
− (𝑛
𝑛 − 1) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥(−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝑚+1
( )
= ′′ + ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝒇 (𝒙) 𝟏 𝟏 𝒙
∴∫ 𝒅𝒙=𝒍𝒐𝒈|𝒇(𝒙)|+c ∴ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟏
𝒇(𝒙)
𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒂 𝒂
+𝒄
Model-4:: Integration by using partial fraction
𝟐𝒙 𝟑
1) ∫ (𝒙 𝟑)(𝒙𝟐 𝟒)
𝐝𝐱
𝐝𝐱.
3 3 17 1 𝑥
Sol: =− log|(x + 3))| + log|𝑥 + 2 | + . tan +𝑐
𝟐𝒙 𝟑 13 26 13 2 2
Let (𝒙 = +
𝟑)(𝒙𝟐 𝟒
𝟒)
∴𝑐 =
⇨ 𝑡 = 𝐴(𝑡 + 2)) + 𝐵(𝑡 + 1)…..(1)
∫( )( )
dx
dx=∫ ( )
+ 𝑑𝑥 𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑡 = −1 ⇨ −
−1 = 𝐴(−1 + 2) +B (-1+1)
⇨ 𝐴 = −1
3 1 3 x 17 1
=− dx + dx + dx 𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑡 = −2 ⇨ −
−2 = 𝐴(−2 + 2) +B (-2+1)
13 x+3 13 𝑥 +4 13 𝑥 +4
𝟏
⇨𝐵=2
𝒅𝒙 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠|𝒙| + 𝒄
𝒙
t
− (dt)
(t + 1)(t + 2)
3 3 1 2x 17 1
=− log|(x + 3
3)| + ( ) dx + dx
13 13 2 𝑥 +2 13 𝑥 +2
−1 2
=− + dt
(t + 1) (t + 2)
𝒂𝟐 𝒙𝟐 𝒂𝟐
1 1 ⇨𝐼 = √𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 . 𝒙 − ∫ 𝒅𝒙
𝒂𝟐 𝒙𝟐
= dt − 2 dt
(t + 1) (t + 2)
𝒂𝟐 𝒙 𝟐 𝒂𝟐
⇨𝐼 = √𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 . 𝒙 − ∫ 𝒅𝒙 + ∫ 𝒅𝒙
= log|𝑡 + 1| − 2 log|𝑡 + 2| + 𝑐 𝒂𝟐 𝒙 𝟐 𝒂𝟐 𝒙𝟐
= log
log|𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 1| − 2 log|𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 2| + 𝑐 𝟏
⇨𝐼 = √𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 . 𝒙 − ∫ √𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙 + 𝒂𝟐 ∫ 𝒅𝒙
𝒂𝟐 𝒙𝟐
Integration by parts 𝟏 𝒙
⇨𝐼 = 𝑥√𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 − 𝑰 + 𝒂𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡 +𝒄
𝒂
𝑣=1⇨ 1𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝑐
𝒙
𝐼= 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 . 𝒙 − . 𝒙𝒅𝒙
√𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐
𝒙𝟐
⇨𝐼 = √𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 . 𝒙 − ∫ 𝒅𝒙
𝒂𝟐 𝒙𝟐
𝐼 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑒 − ∫(−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥) 𝑒 𝑑𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑒 + ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑒 𝑑𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑒 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑒 − 𝐼
2𝐼 = 𝑒 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)
∴ 𝐼= (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥) + 𝑐
[ ]
=
𝝅/𝟒 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙
1. ∫𝟎 𝒅𝒙
𝟗 𝟏𝟔𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒙
𝑈. 𝐿: 𝑥 = ⇨ 𝑡 = sin – cos = − =0
√ √
= [0 − log 3 ]
And 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 𝑡 S.O.B
⇨ (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) = 𝑡
⇨𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 𝑡
⇨1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 = 𝑡 = [2 log 3]
⇨ 𝟏 − 𝒕𝟐 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒙
/
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥 = log 3
=∫ 𝑑𝑡
( )
=∫ 𝑑𝑡
=∫ 𝑑𝑡
𝟏 𝟏 𝒂 𝒙
∴ ∫ 𝒂𝟐 𝒙𝟐
𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐𝒂 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂 𝒙
+𝒄
=∫ ( ) ( )
𝑑𝑡
𝟏 𝐥𝐨𝐠(𝟏 𝒙) /
2. ∫𝟎 𝒅𝒙 𝐼=∫ log 𝑑𝜃 𝐥𝐨𝐠( 𝒂/𝒃) = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂 − 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒃
(𝟏 𝒙𝟐 )
/
𝐿. 𝐿: 𝑥 = 0 ⇨ 𝜃 = 0 𝐼+𝐼=∫ log 2𝑑𝜃
𝑈. 𝐿: 𝑥 = 1 ⇨ 𝜃 =
( ) /
∫ log ( 𝑑𝑥 2𝐼 = log 2 ∫ ((1)𝑑𝜃
)
/ ( )
=∫ . 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃𝑑𝜃 /
( ) 2𝐼 = log 2[𝜃]]
/
𝐼=∫ log(1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 )𝑑𝜃 … … … . . (1)
2𝐼 = log 2 −0
𝒂 𝒂
/
𝐼=∫ log 1 + 𝑑𝜃
/
𝐼=∫ log 𝑑𝜃
2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ . − 𝑑𝑥
𝝅 𝒙.𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙
3. ∫𝟎 𝒅𝒙
𝟏 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙
Sol: 2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ [𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
[𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥. 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥]𝑑𝑥
.
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥.. 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥. 𝑑𝑥 - 𝜋 ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝒂 𝒂
(𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒂 − 𝒙)𝒅𝒙
∴ ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒙
𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙. 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙. 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙 + 𝒄
( )). ( )
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
( )
2𝐼 = 𝜋[𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥]] - 𝜋 ∫ (𝑠𝑒𝑥 𝑥 − 1)𝑑𝑥
( )).
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝒔𝒆𝒙𝟐 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙 + 𝒄 𝟏. 𝒅𝒙𝒙 + 𝒄
.
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑐0] - 𝜋[𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥]
2𝐼 = 𝜋[𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜋 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐 -𝜋[𝑥]
𝐼 +𝐼 = 𝜋∫ 𝑑𝑥
2𝐼 = 𝜋[−1 − 1]] - 𝜋[0 − 0] + 𝜋[𝜋 − 0]
( )
2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ ( )(
𝑑𝑥 2𝐼 = −2𝜋 +𝜋
)
2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝐼= −𝜋
( )
2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ ( )
𝑑𝑥
𝝅 𝒙
4. ∫𝟎 𝟏 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙
𝒅𝒙 2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ − . 𝑑𝑥
Sol:
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥 2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ [𝑠𝑒𝑥 𝑥 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥. 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥]𝑑𝑥
𝒂 𝒂 𝒔𝒆𝒙𝟐 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙 + 𝒄
(𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒂 − 𝒙)𝒅𝒙
∴ ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒙
𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙. 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙. 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙 + 𝒄
( )
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥 2𝐼 = 𝜋[𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥]] - 𝜋[𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥]
( )
( )
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
2𝐼 = 𝜋[𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜋 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛
𝑡𝑎𝑛0]- 𝜋[𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜋 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐0]
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
2𝐼 = 𝜋[0 − 0]] - 𝜋
𝜋[−1 − 1]
𝐼 +𝐼 = 𝜋∫ 𝑑𝑥
2𝐼 = 2𝜋
( ) 𝐼 =𝜋
2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ ( )( )
𝑑𝑥
2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ ( )
𝑑𝑥
2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ ( )
𝑑𝑥
5. ∫𝟎
𝝅 𝒙.𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙
𝒅𝒙 𝐿. 𝐿: 𝑥 = 0 ⇨ 𝑡 = 1 ; 𝑈. 𝐿: 𝑥 = 𝜋 ⇨ 𝑡 = −1
𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒙
𝑆𝑜𝑙:
𝐼=∫
.
𝑑𝑥 ⇨2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ 𝑑𝑡
𝒂 𝒂
(𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒂 − 𝒙)𝒅𝒙
∴ ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒙
⇨2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ 𝑑𝑡
( )). ( )
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥 2𝐼 = 𝜋[tan 𝑡]]
( )
.
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥 2𝐼 = 𝜋 +
𝐼 +𝐼 = 𝜋∫ 𝑑𝑥 2𝐼 = 𝜋 2. =𝜋 .
2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝐼=
𝑜𝑟 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙𝒅𝒙 = −𝒅𝒕
𝝅 𝒙.𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑 𝒙
6. ∫𝟎 𝒅𝒙
𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒙
𝐿. 𝐿: 𝑥 = 0 ⇨ 𝑡 = 1 ; 𝑈. 𝐿: 𝑥 = 𝜋 ⇨ 𝑡 = −1
𝑆𝑜𝑙:
𝒙.𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑 𝒙
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒙
( )
𝒂 𝒂 ⇨2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ 𝑑𝑡
∴ ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒂 − 𝒙)𝒅𝒙
⇨2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ 𝑑𝑡
( )).𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑 ( )
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
( )
= 𝜋∫ 𝑑𝑡
( )).𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
⇨2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ 1− 𝑑𝑡
.
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
2𝐼 = 𝜋[t − 2tan 𝑡]
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑
𝐼 +𝐼 = 𝜋∫ 𝑑𝑥
2𝐼 = 𝜋[−1 − 1]] − 2𝜋[tan (−1) − tan (1)]]
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑
= 𝜋∫ 𝑑𝑥
2𝐼 = −2𝜋 + 2𝜋 +
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 𝑡 ⇨ −𝑠𝑖𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
𝑜𝑟 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙𝒅𝒙 = −𝒅𝒕
2𝐼 = −2𝜋 + 2𝜋
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 = 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 = 1 − 𝑡
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑 𝑥 = −(1
1 − 𝑡 )𝑑𝑡
𝐼 = −𝜋 +
= (𝜋 − 2)
𝝅/𝟐 𝒙
7. ∫𝟎 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙
𝒅𝒙 𝐼= ∫ [ ( ) ( ) ]
𝑑𝑡
𝐼= ∫ ( ) (√ )
𝑑𝑡
𝑠𝑜𝑙:
/
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝐼= ∫ 𝑑𝑡
(√ ) ( )
𝒂 𝒂
(𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒂 − 𝒙)𝒅𝒙
∴ ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒙
𝟏 𝟏 𝒂 𝒙
∴∫ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 +𝒄
𝒂𝟐 𝒙𝟐 𝟐𝒂 𝒂 𝒙
/ ( )
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
( ) ( )
√
2𝐼 = log
√ √
/ ( )
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
√ √
𝐼= log − log
√ √ √
/ /
=∫ 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥 √
𝐼= log|1|| + log
√ √
/ √
𝐼+𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝐼= log
√ √
/
2𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝐼= log
(√ )(√ )
Let t= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ; √ (√ )(√ )
𝑑𝑥=
= ;
2𝐼 = ∫ ( ) (√ )
( ) cos 𝑥 = 𝐼= log
√ √
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥=
2𝐼 = ∫ ( ) 𝐼= log
(√ )
√
2𝐼 = 2 ∫ 𝑑𝑡 𝐼= log(√2 + 1)
( ) √
𝝅/𝟐
8. ∫𝟎 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙
𝒅𝒙 𝐼=∫ [ ( ) ( ) ]
𝑑𝑡
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑡
( ) (√ )
𝑠𝑜𝑙:
/
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥 … (1)
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑡
(√ ) ( )
𝒂 𝒂
∴ ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒂 − 𝒙)𝒅𝒙
𝟏 𝟏 𝒂 𝒙
∴∫ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 +𝒄
𝒂𝟐 𝒙𝟐 𝟐𝒂 𝒂 𝒙
/ ( )
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
( ) ( )
√
2𝐼 = log
√ √
/
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥 … (2)
√ √
𝐼= log − log
√ √ √
𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 (1) & (2)
√
/ / 𝐼= log|1| + log
=∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥 √ √
√
/
𝐼= log
√ √
𝐼+𝐼 =∫ 𝑑𝑥
(√ )(√ )
/ 𝐼= log
2𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 Let t= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ; √ (√ )(√ )
2𝐼 = ∫ ( ) 𝑑𝑥= ;
(√ )
( ) 𝐼= log
cos 𝑥 = √ √
2𝐼 = ∫ ( ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥= (√ )
𝐼= log
√
2𝐼 = 2 ∫ 𝑑𝑡 𝐼= log(√2 + 1)
( ) √
𝟗 𝟏
10. ∫𝟒 𝒅𝒙.
(𝟗 𝒙)(
)(𝒙 𝟒)
𝟕 𝟕 𝒙
9. ∫𝟑 𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒙. 𝑆𝑜𝑙:
𝒙 𝟑
𝑆𝑜𝑙: 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = 4𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 + 9𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
𝑑𝑥 = 10𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃. 𝑑𝜃
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = 3𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 + 7𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
𝑑𝑥 = 8𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃. 𝑑𝜃
𝐿. 𝐿: 𝑥 = 4 ⇨ 𝜃 = 0
𝐿. 𝐿: 𝑥 = 3 ⇨ 𝜃 = 0 𝑈. 𝐿: 𝑥 = 7 ⇨ 𝜃 =
𝑈. 𝐿: 𝑥 = 9 ⇨ 𝜃 =
7−𝑥 =7−3 3𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 − 7𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
= 7(1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃) − 3𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 9 − 𝑥 = 9 − 4𝑐𝑜𝑠
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 − 9𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
= 7(𝑐𝑜𝑠
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃) − 3𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = 9(1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃) − 3𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
= 4𝑐𝑜𝑠
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = 9(𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃𝜃) − 4𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
= 5𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
𝑥 − 3 = 3𝑐𝑜𝑠
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 + 7𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 − 3
𝑥 − 4 = 4𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 + 9𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 − 4
= 7𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 − 3(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃)
= 9𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 − 4(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃)
= 7𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 − 3(𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃)
= 9𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 − 4(𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃)
= 4𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
= 5𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝟗 𝟏
𝒅𝒙.
∫𝟒 (𝟗 𝒙)(𝒙 𝟒)
/ /
=∫ 8𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑑𝜃 =∫ 10𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑑𝜃
√
/ /
= 8∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 == ∫ 10𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑑𝜃
𝝅/𝟐 𝒏 𝟏 𝐧 𝟑 𝐧 𝟓 𝛑
∫𝟎 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒏 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = . . …
𝒏 𝐧 𝟐 𝐧 𝟒 𝟐
𝝅/𝟐
𝑰 = 𝟐 ∫𝟎 𝟏 𝒅𝒙
= 8. = 2π
/
= 2[𝑥] = =π
𝐚 𝐛 𝐚 𝐛
𝐚 [𝐛 𝐚]𝟐 𝐚
𝟐
(𝒂 − 𝒂)(𝒃
) 𝒃 − 𝒂) + 𝟏 𝟐
− 𝟐 𝟒.𝟐
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒃 𝒂
𝒃 𝟐
11. 𝑬𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒆 ∫𝒂 (𝒙 − 𝒂)(𝒙 − 𝒃)𝒅𝒙
[ ] [ ]
=∫ − 𝑥 − (𝑎 + 𝑏 ) 𝑥 + − + 𝑎𝑏 𝑑𝑥
[𝐛 𝐚]𝟐 𝛑 𝐚]𝟐
[𝐛 𝐚 𝛑 𝛑[𝐛 𝐚]𝟐
= 𝟖 𝟐
+ 𝟖 𝟐
= 𝟖
[ ]
=∫ − 𝑥− − 𝑑𝑥
=∫ − 𝑥− 𝑑𝑥
𝐱 𝐚𝟐 𝟏 𝒙
∴ ∫ √𝒂𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐 √𝒂𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒂
+𝒄
𝐚 𝐛 𝐚 𝐛
𝐱 [𝐛 𝐚]𝟐 𝐱
𝟐
(𝒂 − 𝒙 𝟏 𝟐
𝐼= 𝟐
𝒙)(𝒃 − 𝒙) + 𝟒.𝟐
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒃 𝒂
𝟐
𝐚 𝐛 𝐚 𝐛
𝐛 [𝐛 𝐚]𝟐 𝐛
𝟐
(𝒂 − 𝒃))(𝒃 − 𝒃) + 𝟏 𝟐
= 𝟐 𝟒.𝟐
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒃 𝒂
𝟐
𝝅
12. ∫𝟎 𝒙. 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟕 𝒙𝒄𝒐𝒔
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟔 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 13. Find the area enclosed by the curves
𝑆𝑜𝑙: 𝒚 = 𝟒𝒂𝒙 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒙𝟐 = 𝟒𝒃𝒚 .
𝟐
𝒙𝟐
𝒙𝟐 = 𝟒𝒃𝒚 ⇨ 𝒚 = … . . (2)
𝐼 = ∫ (𝜋 − 𝑥)𝑠𝑖𝑛 ((𝜋 − 𝑥)𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝜋 − 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 (1)𝑎𝑛𝑑 (2)
𝐼 = ∫ (𝜋 − 𝑥)𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝒙𝟐
√4𝑎𝑥 = S.O.B
𝐼 = ∫ 𝜋𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 -∫ 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝒙𝟒
⇨4𝑎𝑥 =
𝐼 = ∫ 𝜋𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 −𝐼
𝟐𝒂 𝒂 ⇨ 64𝑎𝑏 𝑥 = 𝒙𝟒 ⇨ 64
64𝑎𝑏 𝑥 − 𝒙𝟒 = 0
( )𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐 ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙
∴ ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙
𝐼 + 𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
⇨ 𝑥(64𝑎𝑏 − 𝒙𝟑 ) = 0
/
2𝐼 = 2𝜋 ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 64𝑎𝑏
/
𝐼 = 𝜋∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ⇨𝑥 = 4𝑎 /
𝑏 /
=𝑢
/
√
= −
/ 14. Find the area enclosed by the curves
𝒚 = 𝟒 − 𝟐𝒙 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙 .
/ [𝑢 − 0 ] 𝑺𝒐𝒍:
= √𝑎 𝑢 −0 -
Given eq’’n
/ /
= √𝑎 4𝑎 𝑏 −0 - 4𝑎 𝑏 −0 𝑦 = 4 − 2𝑥 … . . ((1)
𝑦 = 𝑥 − 5𝑥 … ((1)
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 (1)𝑎𝑛𝑑
)𝑎𝑛𝑑 (2)
𝑥 − 5𝑥=4 − 2𝑥 𝑥
= [8𝑎𝑏] − [64
[64𝑎𝑏 ] ⇨𝑥 - 3𝑥 − 4 = 0
⇨𝑥 +1x- 4𝑥 − 4 = 0
= − = 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
⇨𝑥 (𝑥 + 1) − 4((𝑥+1) = 0
𝑥 = 4 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −1
1
= 4𝑥 + −
= 20 + −
=
= 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
15. Find the area enclosed by the curves 16. Find the area enclosed by the curves
𝒚 = 𝟒𝒙 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒(𝟒 − 𝒙) .
𝟐
𝒚 = 𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 .
Sol: 𝑺𝒐𝒍:
Given eq’’n 𝑦 = 4𝑥 ⇨ 𝑦 = √4𝑥 … (1) Given eq’’n 𝒚 = 𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 … . . (1)
𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒(𝟒 − 𝒙) ⇨ 𝒚 = 4(4 − 𝑥) … . . (2) 𝑦 = 𝑥 … (2)
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 (1)𝑎𝑛𝑑 (2)
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 (1)𝑎𝑛𝑑 (2
2) 2−𝑥 =𝑥
2 = 2𝑥
4𝑥 = 𝟒(𝟒 − 𝒙) 𝑥 =1
⇨𝑥 = 4 − 𝑥 𝑥 = ±1
⇨ 2𝑥 = 4 ∴ 𝑥 = 1 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = − −1
𝑥=2
Sub x=2 in (1)
𝑦 = 4𝑥 = 4(2)) = 8 Required Area =∫ (1)— (2) 𝑑𝑥
𝑦 = √8 = ±2√2 =∫ [2 − 𝑥 − 𝑥 ] 𝑑𝑥
Two parabolas are symmetric about X
X-axis
= ∫ [2 − 2𝑥 ] 𝑑𝑥
Required Area =2 ∫ (1)𝑑𝑥 + ∫ (2)𝑑𝑥
= 2𝑥 − 2
=2 2 ∫ 𝑥 /
𝑑𝑥 + 2 ∫ (4 − 𝑥) /
𝑑𝑥 = 4 − (1 + 1)
/ ( ) / =4− =
=4 +4
/ /
= 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡
/ / / /
= 2 −0 - (4 − 4) − (4 − 2)
√ √
= 2√2 + 2√2
2 = +
√
= 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
⇨ =1− ⇨ = [𝑎 − 𝑥 ]
⇨ 𝑦 = [𝑎 − 𝑥 ] ⇨ 𝑦 = ± √𝑎 − 𝑥
Ellipse is symmetric about both the axes. Required area
=4 area of shaded region
Area=∫ 𝑦𝑑𝑥 =4 ∫ √𝑎 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
=4 ∫ √𝑎 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝐱 𝐚𝟐 𝟏 𝒙
∴ ∫ √𝒂𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙 = √𝒂𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 +𝒄
𝟐 𝟐 𝒂
𝐱 𝐚𝟐 𝟏 𝒙
= √𝒂𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝟐 𝟐 𝒂
𝐚 𝐚𝟐 𝟏 𝒂
= √𝒂𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 −𝟎−𝟎
𝟐 𝟐 𝒂
𝐚𝟐
= 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏 ((𝟏)
𝟐
= = 𝜋𝑎𝑏 𝑠𝑞 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
If a=b the ellipse becomes a circle
∴Area of the circle 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 .
is 𝜋𝑎. 𝑎 = 𝜋𝑎 𝑎 𝑠𝑞 . 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
⇨⇨ = (𝑐𝑥)
( ) ( )
⇨𝑣+𝑥 =− ( )
( ) ( )
⇨ =𝑐 𝑥
⇨𝑣+𝑥 =−
⇨(𝑦 − 𝑥 ) =(𝑦 + 𝑥 )
⇨𝑥 = − Which is required general solution.
⇨𝑥 =
⇨𝑥 =
⇨∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 By partial
fraction
⇨ 𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 𝑦 − 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑥 ⇨ 𝑑𝑦 = − 𝑑𝑥
𝑙𝑒𝑡 (𝑥 − 𝑦) = 𝑣 ⇨ 1 − = ⇨ =1−
⇨𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑣) ⇨ ∫
= −𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( )
𝑑𝑣 = − ∫ 𝑑𝑥 ⇨ =
⇨∫ 1𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑣
⇨ ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑣 𝑑𝑣 = − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
⇨∫ 1𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑣
⇨ −𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑣 = −
−𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 + 𝑐 ⇨ − cot = −𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥
𝑜𝑔𝑥 + 𝑐 ( )
⇨∫ 1𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑣
⇨𝑥 = 2𝑣 + log(𝑣 + 2
2) + 𝑐
∴ − cot = −𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 − 1
⇨ 𝑥 = 2(𝑥 − 𝑦) + log
log(𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2) + 𝑐
∴ 𝑥 − 2𝑦 + log(𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2) = 𝑐
( )
Now eq’’n (1) becomes ⇨ −2= 2ℎ + 𝑘 + 3 = 0 … (1
(1)𝑎𝑛𝑑 ℎ + 2𝑘 + 1 = 0 … (2)
∴ 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + log(2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1) = 𝑐
( ) 𝒅𝒚 𝟑𝒚 𝟕𝒙 𝟕
⇨ = − 6. 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆 = .
( ) 𝒅𝒙 𝟑𝒙 𝟕𝒚 𝟑
⇨− ( )
+ ( )
𝑑𝑉 = 2
=
⇨ − ∫( 𝑑𝑉 + ∫ ( 𝑑𝑉 = 2 ∫ 𝑑𝑋 ( ) ( )
) ) ⇨ = ( ) ( )
⇨
( )( )
= 3 -7 -3 3
( − 𝑌) = 𝐶
⇨(𝑋 + 𝑌)(𝑋 (ℎ, 𝑘) = , = [1,0]
⇨ = is a homogeneous equation.
⇨ 𝑥+ +𝑦− 𝑥+ −𝑦+ =𝐶
𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑦 = 𝑉𝑋 ⇨ =𝑉+
⇨ 𝑥+𝑦+ (𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2) = 𝐶
⇨𝑉 + =
(3𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 4)((𝑥 + −𝑦 + 2) = 3𝐶
( )
This is the required solution. ⇨𝑉 + = ( )
( )
𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒙 = 𝑿 + 𝒉 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒚 = 𝒀 + 𝒌
⇨ = ⇨ =
=
⇨∫ 𝑑𝑉 = −7
( ) ( )
⇨ = ( ) ( )
⇨− + 𝑑𝑉 = −7
( ) ( )
( )
⇨− ∫ 𝑑𝑉 + ∫ 𝑑𝑉 = 2 ∫ 𝑑𝑋 ⇨ = ( )
… (∗)
( ) ( )
𝑛𝑜𝑤 𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑠𝑒 ℎ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑘 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡
⇨ − log|1 + 𝑉| − log|1 − 𝑉| = 2 log 𝑋 + log 𝐶
ℎ + 2𝑘 + 3 = 0 … (1)
( )
⇨ log|1 + 𝑉|| + 3 log|1 − 𝑉| = −4 log 𝑋 + log 𝐶
𝑎𝑛𝑑
⇨ log(1 + 𝑉))(1 − 𝑉) = log(𝐶/𝑋 ) 2ℎ + 3𝑘 + 4 = 0 … (2
2)
( − 𝑉) =
⇨(1 + 𝑉)(1 {V= } 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 (1)& (2)
1 2 3 1
⇨ 1+ 1− =
2 3 4 2
( )( )
⇨ = ⇨(𝑋 + 𝑌)(𝑋 − 𝑌 ) = 𝐶
(ℎ, 𝑘 ) = , = [[1, −2]
(ℎ, 𝑘) = − , 𝑋 = 𝑥 + ,𝑌 = 𝑦 − 𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 (∗)𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
(3𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 4
4)(𝑥 + −𝑦 + 2) = 3𝐶 𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑦 = 𝑉𝑋 ⇨ =𝑉+
( )
⇨𝑉 + =
( )
( )
⇨𝑉 + =( )
( )
⇨ = −
( )
⇨ =
( )
⇨ =
⇨∫ 𝑑𝑉 =
⇨ + 𝑑𝑉 =
⇨ ∫ 𝑑𝑉 − ∫ 𝑑𝑉 = ∫ 𝑑𝑋
√
√
⇨ . log − log|1 − 3𝑉 | = log 𝐶𝑋
( )
√ √
√
⇨( log − log|1 − 3𝑉 | = log 𝐶𝑋
√ ) √
√
⇨( log − log 1 − 3 = log 𝐶𝑋
√ ) √
√
⇨ log − log = log 𝐶𝑋
(√ ) √
𝑿 = 𝒙 + 𝟏 𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒀 = 𝒚 + 𝟐
√ ( ) ( ) ( )
⇨( log − log = log 𝐶𝑋
√ ) √ ( ) ( )
1. If the abscissa of points A, B are the roots of the equation 3. 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐨𝐥𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝟑𝐱 + 𝟒𝐲 − 𝟒𝟓 = 𝟎 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐭 𝐭𝐨
𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐚𝐱 − 𝐛𝟐 = 𝟎 and the ordinates of A, B are the roots of 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟔𝐱 − 𝟖𝐲 + 𝟓 = 𝟎
𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐩𝐱 − 𝐪𝟐 = 𝟎,, then find the equation of a circle for which AB as a sol: given equation of the circle
diameter. x + y − 6x − 8y + 5 = 0 … . . (1)
Sol: Let A(x , y ) and B(x , y )
Centre (3, 4) and r = (−
−3) + (−4) − 5=√20
Given that
Given line 3x + 4y − 45 = 0 here l = 3, m = 4 & 𝑛 = −45
x , x be the roots of x + 2ax − b = 0
⇨(x − x )(x − x ) = x + 2ax − b The pole = −g + , −f +
And
Given that ( ) ( )
= 3+ ,4+
y , y be the roots of y + 2py − q = 0 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
⇨(y − y )(y − y ) = y + 2py − q
( ) ( )
= 3+ ,4+ = (3 + 3, 4 + 4) = (6. 8)
Equation of the circle with AB as a diame
diameter is
(𝐱 − 𝐱 𝟏 )(𝐱 − 𝐱 𝟐 ) + (𝐲 − 𝐲𝟏 )(𝐲 − 𝐲𝟐 ) = 𝟎 (h/w) 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐨𝐥𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐱 + 𝐲 + 𝟐 = 𝟎 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐭 𝐭𝐨
𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟒𝐱 − 𝟔𝐲 − 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎
⇨(x + 2ax − b ) + ((y + 2py − q ) = 0
5. Find the equations of the tangents to the circle 7. 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐡𝐞 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐭𝐨
𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐱 − 𝟐𝐲 − 𝟑 = 𝟎 which are perpendicular to 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟐𝐱 + 𝟒𝐲 = 𝟎 𝐚𝐭 (𝟑, −𝟏).
𝟑𝐱 − 𝐲 + 𝟒 = 𝟎. 𝐀𝐥𝐬𝐨 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐥 𝐭𝐨 𝐢𝐭.
𝐒𝐨𝐥: given equation of the circle x + y + 2x − 2y − 3 = 0 … . . (1) Sol: given equation of the circle
Centre (−1, 1) and radius (r) = (1) + (−1) + 3 = √5
5 x + y − 2x + 4y = 0 … . . (1)
The given line 3x − y + 4 = 0 … . . (2) Centre (1, −2) and radius (r) = (−1) + (2) + 0 = √5
Slope(m)= − = − = 3 and ⊥ slope(m) = − ⇨m = The equation of tangent at (3, −1) is
( + 𝐱 𝟏 ) + 𝐟(𝐲 + 𝐲𝟏 ) + 𝐜 = 𝟎
𝐒𝟏 = 𝐱𝐱 𝟏 + 𝐲𝐲𝟏 + 𝐠(𝐱
Eq’’n of tangent to S=0 & ⊥ to (2)
⇨ x(3) + y(−1) − 1(x + 3) + 2(y − 1) = 0
is (𝐲 − 𝐲𝟏 ) = 𝐦(𝐱 − 𝐱 𝟏 ) ± 𝐫√𝟏 + 𝐦𝟐
⇒ 3x − y − x − 3 + 2y − 2 = 0
⇨ (y − 1) = − (x + 1) ± √5 1 + ⇒ 2x + y − 5 = 0 … . (2))
here slope (m) = −2
( ) √ √
⇨ (y − 1) = − ± Required eq’’n of the tangent to (1) and it is parallel to (2) is
⇨ 3(y − 1) = −(x( + 1) ± 5√2 (y − y ) = m(x − x ) ± r√1 + m
⇨ x + 1 + 3y − 3 ± 55√2 = 0
Hence required eq’’n of tangents are ⇒ (y + 2) = −2(x − 1)) ± √5 1 + (−2)
x + 3y − 2 ± 5√2 = 0.
⇒ (y + 2) = −2(x − 1)) ± √5√5
⇒ (y + 2) = −2(x − 1) ± 5
6. Find the equations of the tangents to the circle
𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟒𝐱 + 𝟔𝐲 − 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎 which are parallel to 𝐱 + 𝐲 − 𝟖 = 𝟎.
⇒ y + 2 = −2x + 2 ± 5
Sol: given equation of the circle
𝐒 ≡ 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟒𝐱 + 𝟔𝐲 − 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎 ∴ 2x + y ± 5 = 0.
3) and radius (r) = (−2) + (3) + 12
Centre (2, -3)
=√4 + 9 + 12 = √2525 = 5
𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐠𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐧 𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐱 + 𝐲 − 𝟖 = 𝟎 … . . (𝟏)
Slope(m)= − = − = −1
Eq’’n of tangent to S=0 & parallel to (1)
is (𝐲 − 𝐲𝟏 ) = 𝐦(𝐱 − 𝐱 𝟏 ) ± 𝐫√𝟏 + 𝐦𝟐
⇨ (y + 3) = −1(x − 2 2) ± 5√1 + 1
⇨ x − 2 + y + 3 ± 5√√2 = 0
⇒ = 1 and ⇒ =1 ⇒ = 2 and =3
h + 2 = 3 and k + 3 = 2 ⇒ 3 + a = 4 and 2 + b = 6
h = 3 − 2 and k = 2 − 3 ⇒ a = 4 − 3 and b = 6 − 2
h = 1 , k = −1 B (a, b) = (1, 4)
10. Find the mid point of the chord intercepted by 11. 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐭𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐝 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐩𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞
𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟐𝐱 − 𝟏𝟎𝐲 + 𝟏 = 𝟎 on the line 𝐱 − 𝟐𝐲 + 𝟕 = 𝟎,Also
Also find the 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟖𝐱 − 𝟐𝐲 − 𝟖 = 𝟎 𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐱 + 𝐲 + 𝟏 = 𝟎.
length of the chord. 𝐒𝐨𝐥: given equation of the circle
𝐒𝐨𝐥: circle 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟐𝐱 − 𝟏𝟎𝐲 + 𝟏 = 𝟎 centre (1, 5), x + y − 8x − 2y − 8 = 0 … . . (1)
r = (1) + (5) − 1 = 5 Centre (4, 1) and r = ((−4) + (−1) + 8 = √25 = 5
⊥ Distance from centre (1, 5) to given line 𝐱 − 𝟐𝐲 + 𝟕 = 𝟎 Given line x + y + 1 = 0
| ( ) ( ) | | | ⊥ Distance from centre ((−2, −3) to given line (1)
= = =
( ) ( ) √ √ | ( ) ( ) | | |
=
( ) ( ) √
| |
𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐭𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐝 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐩𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞 𝐢𝐬 = = 3√2 = √18
√
𝟐√𝐫 𝟐 − 𝐝𝟐 = 2 25 − = 2 length of chord intercepted by the circle is
2√r − d = 2√25 − 18 = 2√7units
( )
=2 = = units 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐭𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐝 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐩𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞
√ √
𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝐱 + 𝟑𝐲 − 𝟐 = 𝟎 𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐲 = 𝐱 − 𝟑. 𝐀𝐧𝐬: 𝟐√𝟐𝟔
𝟐𝟔
x + y + 4x − 6y + 8 = 0
= sq. units
⇒ {8x + 8y + 80x + 80y + 320 −5x − 5y − 320 − 10 10xy − 80y −
80x = 0
⇒ 3x − 10xy + 3y = 0
15. Find the inverse point of (-2,
( 3) w.r.t the circle
13. Find the condition that the tangents drawn from the exterior point
𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟒𝐱 − 𝟔𝐲 + 𝟗 = 𝟎.
(0, 0)to the circle 𝐒 = 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐠𝐱 + 𝟐𝐟𝐲 + 𝐜 = 𝟎
Sol: given equation of the circle
𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐭𝐨 𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡 𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫.
x + y − 4x − 6y + 9 = 0 … . . (1)
Sol: given equation of the circle
Centre C (2, 3) = (x , y ) , given point P (-2, 3)= (x , y )
x + y + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0…(1)
eq n of CP is (y − y ) = m(x − x )
r= g + f − c , length of tangent= S
⇨ (y − 2) = (x − 2))
if θ is angle the
⇨y − 2 = 0 … … . (1)
pair of tangents drawn from eq n of polar of p(−2, 3
3) is S = 0
(0, 0) to S=0 is ( ) ( )
S = xx + yy + + +c=0
S = 0 + 0 + 2g(0 (0) + 2f(0) + c = c
⇨x(−2) + y(3) − 2(x ( − 2) − 3(y + 3) + 9 = 0
Then tan = [θ = 90°]
√ ⇨−2x + 3y − 2x + 4 − 3 3y − 9 + 9 = 0
⇨tan
°
= ⇨
⇨tan 45° = ⇨−4x = −4 ⇨ x = 1 … … . (2)
√ √
( yy) = (1, 3)
Solving ( 1) & (2) ⇨(x,
1= S.O.B and cross multiplying
multiplying⇨c = g + f − c
√ ∴ The inverse point of p is (1, 3)
∴2c = g + f
S′ ≡ x + y + 6x + 2y − 90 = 0 … . . (2) S′ ≡ x + y − 2y + 6
6y + 6 = 0 … . . (2)
𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐮𝐬(𝐫) = 𝐠𝟐 + 𝐟 𝟐 − 𝐜 𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐮𝐬(𝐫) = 𝐠𝟐 + 𝐟𝟐 − 𝐜
r = √1 + 2 + 20 = √25 = 5 r = √4 + 1 − 8 = √
√17 − 8 = √9 = 3
r = √3 + 1 + 90 = √100 = 10 r = √1 + 3 − 6 = √
√10 − 6 = √4 = 2
C C = (x − x ) + (y − y ) C C = (x − x ) + (y − y )
= (−3 − 1) + (−
(−1 − 2) = (1 − 4) + (−3 − 1)
𝐂𝟏 𝐂𝟐 = |𝐫𝟏 − 𝐫𝟐 | 𝐂𝟏 𝐂𝟐 = 𝐫𝟏 + 𝐫𝟐
𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐨𝐮𝐜𝐡 𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡 𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐲. 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐨𝐮𝐜𝐡 𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡 𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐱𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐲.
the point of contact p divides C C externally in the ratio the point of contact p divides C C Internally in the ratio
r : r = 5: 10 = m: n=1:2 r : r = 3: 2 = m:: n
P= , P= ,
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
= , = ,
= , = ,
= (5, 5) = ,
3. Show that the circles 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐚𝐱 + 𝐜 = 𝟎 and 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐛𝐲 + 𝐜 = 4. If 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟑 𝒊𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 chord of the circle
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝟎 𝐭𝐨𝐮𝐜𝐡 𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡 𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐢𝐟
𝐚𝟐
+
𝐛𝟐
=
𝐜
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟖 = 𝟎, find the equation of the circle
Sol: Given eq’’ns of the circles having
ng AB as diameter.
x + y + 2ax + c = 0 ….. (1) Sol:
⇨C (−a, 0)and r = √a − c Given eq’’n of the circle
x + y + 2by + c = 0…. (2) S≡ 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 8 = 0… (1)
𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝐿 ≡ 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 3 = 0 … . (2)
⇨C (0, −b)and r = √b − c
𝟔𝟎 𝟑𝟎
= ,
𝟑𝟎 𝟑𝟎
= (𝟐, 𝟏)
10. Find the equation of the circle which cuts the circles
𝑟 = 𝑆 = +7 +2 + 4(7) + 2
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 + 𝟏 = 𝟎
2𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒚𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟖𝒚 − 𝟑 = 𝟎 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑟 = + 83 =
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟔𝒚 − 𝟑 = 𝟎 𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒉𝒐𝒈𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒚
𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒉𝒐𝒈𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒚. 𝑒𝑞 𝑛𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑡
𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒
Sol: (𝑎, 𝑏) = , 7 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 𝑟 𝑖𝑠
Given circles
𝑆 ≡ 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑥 𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 1 = 0 … . . . (1) 𝑥− + [𝑦 − 7]] =
S′ ≡ 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 6𝑥 + 8𝑦 − 3 = 0 … … (2) ⇨𝑥 − 5𝑥 + + 𝑦 + 49 − 14𝑦 =
𝑆 ≡ 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2𝑥 + 6𝑦 − 3 = 0 … . . . (3)
⇨4𝑥 − 20𝑥 + 25 + 4
4𝑦 + 196 − 56𝑦 − 357 = 0
⇨4(𝑥 + 𝑦 − 5𝑥 − 14
14𝑦 − 34) = 0
𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑓 (1)& (2)
2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 4𝑥 + 8𝑦 + 2 = 0 ∴ 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 5𝑥 − 14𝑦
𝑦 − 34 = 0
2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 6𝑥 + 8𝑦 − 3 = 0
11. Find the eq’’n of the circle which passes through the point
−2𝑥 + 0 + 5 = 0….. (4) (0, -3)
3) and intersects the circles
𝒙 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟓 = 𝟎,
𝟐
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝒙 − 𝟕𝒚 = 𝟎 Orthogonally.
𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑓 (2)& (3) 𝑺𝒐𝒍: let the required circle
2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 6𝑥 + 8𝑦 − 3 = 0 𝑺 ≡ 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒈𝒙 + 𝟐𝒇𝒚 + 𝒄 = 𝟎 … . . (∗)
2𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 4𝑥 + 12𝑦 − 6 = 0 𝑺′ ≡ 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟓 = 𝟎,
10𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 3 = 0…. (5) 𝑺′′ ≡ 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝒙 − 𝟕𝒚 = 𝟎
(0, −3)𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑛 (∗)
( ) ⇨ 0 + 9 − 6𝑓 + 𝑐 = 0
⇨ 𝟎 − 𝟔𝒇 + 𝒄 + 𝟗 = 𝟎 … . . (𝟏)
Solving ( 4) & (5) -2 0 5 -2 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑆 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑆 = 0 are orthogonal
𝟐𝒈𝒈 + 𝟐𝒇𝒇 = 𝒄 + 𝒄′ condition for orthogonal
10 -4 3 10
⇨ 2𝑔(−3) + 2𝑓 =𝑐+5
(x , y) = , ⇨ −𝟔𝒈 + 𝟑𝒇 − 𝒄 − 𝟓 = 𝟎 … … (𝟐)
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑆 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑆 = 0 are orthogonal
= , = ( , 7)) 𝟐𝒈𝒈 + 𝟐𝒇𝒇 = 𝒄 + 𝒄′ condition for orthogonal
𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 = 𝑆 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 ( , 7) to S=0 ⇨ 2𝑔 − + 2𝑓 − =𝑐+0
⇨ −𝒈 − 𝟕𝒇 − 𝒄 = 𝟎 … … (𝟑)
⇨𝑐 = −9 + 4 = −5
Solving ( 1) & (4) 2 3 7 2
∴ 𝑥 +𝑦 +2 𝑥+2 𝑦−5=0 6 -2 10 6
3𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 15 = 0
(𝑥, 𝑦) = , = ,
12. Find the eq’’n of the circle which cuts the circles (−2, −1) sub in (2)
(2)⇨−4(−2) − 6(−1) = 𝑐 + 11
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟔𝒚 + 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟎,
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏𝟎𝒙 − 𝟒𝒚 + 𝟐𝟏 = 𝟎 Orthogonally, and has the ⇨𝑐 = 14 − 11 = 3
diameter along the st line 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟕.
𝑺𝒐𝒍: let the required circle ( )𝑥 + 2(−1)𝑦 + 3 = 0
∴ 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2(−2)
𝑺 ≡ 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒈𝒙 + 𝟐𝒇𝒚 + 𝒄 = 𝟎 … . . (∗)
𝑺 ≡ 𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟔𝒚 + 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟎,
𝑥 + 𝑦 − 4𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 3 = 0
𝑺′′ ≡ 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏𝟎𝒙 − 𝟒𝒚 + 𝟐𝟏 = 𝟎
13. Find the eq’’n of the circle which passes through the point 14. Find the eq’’n and length of the common chord of the two
(2, 0)(0, 2) and intersects the circles circles 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟓𝒚 + 𝟒 = 𝟎,
𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒚𝟐 + 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟔𝒚 + 𝟒 = 𝟎, 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟒 = 𝟎.
Orthogonally.
𝑺𝒐𝒍: let the required circle Sol: Given circles
𝑆 ≡ 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑔𝑥 𝑔𝑥 + 2𝑓𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0 … . . (∗) 𝑺 ≡ 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟓𝒚 + 𝟒 = 𝟎,
𝑆′ ≡ 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 2 = 0, 𝑺′ ≡ 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟒 = 𝟎.
(2, 0)𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑛 (∗) ⇨4 + 0 + 4𝑔 + 0 + 𝑐 = 0
⇨𝟒𝒈 + 𝟎 + 𝒄 + 𝟒 = 𝟎 … . (𝟏) 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑑 𝑖𝑠 𝑆 − 𝑆’ = 0
(0, 2)𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑛 (∗)
( ) ⇨ 0 + 4 + 0 + 4𝑓 + 𝑐 = 0 ⇨−2𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 0 ⇨ 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 0 … . . (1)
⇨ 𝟎 + 𝟒𝒇 + 𝒄 + 𝟒 = 𝟎 … . . (𝟐) 𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 – , − 𝑎𝑛𝑑
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑆 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑆 = 0 are orthogonal
𝟐𝒈𝒈 + 𝟐𝒇𝒇 = 𝒄 + 𝒄′ condition for orthogonal 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠(𝑟) = + −4=
⇨ 2𝑔 + 2𝑓 − =𝑐+2
= 𝑜𝑓 𝑆 = 0
𝟓
⇨ 𝟐 𝒈 − 𝟑𝒇 − 𝒄 − 𝟐 = 𝟎 … … (𝟑)
d 𝑖𝑠 ⊥ 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 − , − 𝑡𝑜 (1)
| |
𝐸𝑞’’𝑛 (1) + (3) 𝑑=
√
4𝑔 + 0 + 𝑐 + 4 = 0
𝑔 − 3𝑓 − 𝑐 − 2 = 0
𝒅= = =
𝟏𝟑
√ √ √
𝒈 − 𝟑𝒇 + 𝟐 = 𝟎 ⇨ 𝟏𝟑𝒈 − 𝟔𝒇 + 𝟒 = 𝟎 … . . (𝟒)
𝟐
Length of chord is =
=2√𝑟 − 𝑑
𝐸𝑞’’𝑛 (2) + (3)
0 + 4𝑓 + 𝑐 + 4 = 0 =2 −
𝑔 − 3𝑓 − 𝑐 − 2 = 0
=2
𝟓 = 2. √4
𝒈 + 𝒇 + 𝟐 = 𝟎 ⇨ 𝟓𝒈 + 𝟐𝒇 + 𝟒 = 𝟎 … … (𝟒)
𝟐 = 2.2
=4
𝑆 ≡ 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑔𝑥
𝑔𝑥 + 2𝑓𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0 … (1)
𝑆′ ≡ 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2
2𝑔 𝑥 + 2𝑓 𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0 … (2)
∴ 2𝑔 (𝑔 − 𝑔 ) + 2𝑓 (𝑓 − 𝑓 ) = 𝑐 − 𝑐 .
1. Find the eq’’n of the ellipse with focus 2. Find the eccentricity, foci, equations of direcrtices, length
𝟐
(1, -1),𝐞 = 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐝𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐱 of latus rectum of the ellipse 𝟗𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟏𝟔𝐲 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟒𝟒
𝟏𝟒𝟒.
𝟑
𝐚𝐬 𝐱 + 𝐲 + 𝟐 = 𝟎.
Sol: Given eq’’n of the hyperbola
Sol:
9x + 16y = 144 … … (1)
Given S (1, -1),
1), e= & l ≡ x + y + 2 = 0
(÷ by 144
144)
Let P (x, y)) be any point on the locus
W.K .T =e ⇨ + =1 + =1
Compare with standard form
⇨SP = ePM
a = 16 || b = 9
⇨a = 4|| b = 3
| |
(x − 1) + ((y + 1) = (a>b)
√
S. O. B centre (0, 0)
⇨9[(x − 1)) + (y + 1) ] = (x + y + 2) e= =
√
√
⇨9[x + 1 − 2x + y + 1 + 2y] foci (±ae, 0) = ±4 , 0
= 2[x + y + 4 + 2xy + 4y + 4x] = (±√7, 0)
.
L. L. R = = =
⇨9x + 9 − 18
18x + 9y + 9 + 18y
= 2x + 2y + 8 + 4xy + 8y + 8x
L. of Ma Axis = 2
2a = 2(4) = 8
Eq nof directrices x = ±
⇨x=±√ ⇨√
√7x ± 16 = 0.
⇨9[x − 4x]] + 16
16[y + 2y] − 92 = 0
∴ a = 16, b = 9
⇨9[x − 4x + 4 − 4] + 16[y + 2y + 1 − 1] = 92 e= =
√
⇨9[(x − 2) ] − 36 + 16[(y + 1) ] − 16 = 92
⇨9[(x − 2) ] + 16
16[(y + 1) ] = 144 (÷ by 144) End of the latus rectum in the first quadrant p ae,
√
= 4 , = (√
√7, )
( ) ( )
⇨ + =1
( ) ( ) 𝐱𝐱 𝟏 𝐲𝐲𝟏
+ =1 𝐞𝐪’’𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐚𝐭 𝐩 𝐢𝐬 + =𝟏
𝐚𝟐 𝐛𝟐
Compare with h standard form √
a = 16 || b = 9 ⇨ + =1
⇨a = 4|| b = 3 ⇨ √7 x + 4y = 16
(a>b)
centre (h, k)) = (2, −1) 𝐚𝟐 𝐱 𝐛𝟐 𝐲
𝐞𝐪’’𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐧𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐥
𝐦𝐚𝐥 𝐚𝐭 𝐩 𝐢𝐬 − = 𝐚𝟐 − 𝐛𝟐
𝐱𝟏 𝐲𝟏
√
e= =
⇨ − = 16 − 9
√
√
foci (h ± ae, k
k) = 2 ± 4 , −1 = (2 ± √7, − 1)
⇨16x − 4√7 = 7√7
.
L. L. R = = =
Eq n of directrices
ctrices x = h ± ⇨ x = −2 ± √
⇨ √7x + 2√7
7 ± 16 = 0.
⇨y= − {{y = mx + c} m=
⇨ + =1⇨ + =1
𝐞𝐪’’𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐥 𝐭𝐨 (𝟐)𝐢𝐬
√𝐚𝟐 𝐦𝟐 − 𝐛 𝟐
𝐲 = 𝐦𝐱 ± √ ∴ a = 16, b = 9
Since eq’’n of tangents makes equal intercepts on the co
co-
ordinate axes, so m=
m=±1
⇨ y= x± 4 +8 Eq’’n of tangent to the ellipse are
⇨ y = ± √9
9 or x − 2y ± 6 = 0
𝐲 = 𝐦𝐱 ± √𝐚𝟐 𝐦𝟐 + 𝐛 𝟐
(ii) Given line 𝐱 + 𝐲 + 𝟐 = 𝟎
⇨y = −x − 2 {y = mx + c} m = −1 ⇨ y = ±1x ± 16 16(−1) + 9
⇨ y = ±x ± 5
perpendicular slope − =− =1
⇨x ± y ± 5 = 0
eq’’n of tangent perpendicular to (3)
is y = mx ± √
√a m + b
⇨ y = 1x ± 4(1) + 8
⇨ y = x ± √12
12 or x − y ± 2√3 = 0.
7. Find the eq’’n of ellipse in standard form whose distance 8. Find the eq’’n of ellipse in standard form whose distance
b/w foci is 8 and distance b/w the direcrtices is 32. b/w foci is 2 and the length of latus rectum is 15/2.
Sol: Given distance b/w
S (ae, 0) and S’ ((-ae, 0) Sol: Given distance b/w
⇨2ae = 8 ⇨ ae = 4 … … . (1) S (ae, 0) and S’ ((-ae, 0)
And distance b/w the direcr
direcrtices is 32 ⇨2ae = 2 ⇨ ae = 1 … … . (1)
= 32 ⇨ = 16 … (2) And L. L. R = =
multiplying ( 1)& (2) ⇨b = … … . (2)
(ae) = 4..16 = 64
𝑏 = 𝑎 (1 − 𝑒 )
a = 64 ⇨ a = 8
𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐛𝟐 = 𝐚𝟐 (𝟏 − 𝐞𝟐 ) ⇨a (1 − e ) =
=⇨ a − (ae)
( ) ⇨a − (ae) =
⇨a − 1 =
= 64 − 16 = 48
⇨4a − 4 = 15aa
∴ a = 64, b = 48 ⇨4a − 15a − 4 = 0
The required eq’’n of the ellipse is ⇨4a − 16a + a − 4 = 0
+ =1 ⇨4a(a − 4) + 1 1(a − 4) = 0
⇨(a − 4)(4a + 1 1) = 0
(a − 4) = 0, (4a
( a + 1) = 0
a = 4 or a = − ×
( )
From (2) ⇨ b = = 15
∴ a = 16, b = 15
9. Show that the point of intersection of the perpendicular 10. )𝐚𝐧𝐲 𝐩𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐬𝐞
𝐈𝐟 𝐩(𝐱, 𝐲)𝐚𝐧𝐲
𝐱𝟐 𝐲𝟐 𝐱𝟐 𝐲𝟐
tangents to an ellipse 𝐚𝟐
+ 𝐛 𝟐 = 𝟏 lies on a circle. 𝐚𝟐
+ 𝐛 𝟐 = 𝟏 Where S & S’ are foci, then P.T
Sol: let y = mx ± √
√a m + b 𝐒𝐏 + 𝐒 𝐏 = 𝟐𝐚.
Sol: The eq’’n of the ellipse is given by
be the tangent to the ellipse + =1
+ = 1…… (1)
Let P (x , y ) be point of intersection of tngts
P lies on tngts Let S, S’ be the foci
& ZM, ZM’ be the direcrtices.
∴ y = mx ± √a m + b
Join SP and SP’. Draw PL perpendicular to
X-axis
axis and MP perpendicular to the two direcrtices.
⇨ y − mx = ±√a m + b By the definition of ellipse
S . O. B SP=ePM=e (LZ)
⇨(y − mx ) = (√a m + b ) ⇨SP=e(CZ − CL CL) = e ( − x)
∴ SP = a − xe
y + m x − 2mx y − a m − b = 0 S’P=ePM’=e (LZ’)
⇨ m (x − a ) − 2mx y + (y − b ) = 0 ⇨S’P=e(CZ + CLCL) = e ( + x)
∴ S′P = a + xe
∴is a Q.E in ‘’m’’ {a
{ax + bx + c = 0}
SP + S P = a − xe + a − xe
Let m , m be the roots
∴ SP + S P = 2
2a( constant)
⇨m . m = {m . m = −1 ⊥ lar tngt}
⇨ = −1
1⇨y − b = −x +a
x +y = a + b is an eq n of a circle
∴ p lie s on a circle.
⇨ + = 1∴a l +b m = n .
15. Find the value of k if 𝟒𝐱 + 𝐲 + 𝐤 = 𝟎 is a tangent to 16. The distance of a point on the ellipse 𝐱𝟐 + 𝟑 𝟑𝐲 𝟐 = 𝟔
the ellipse 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟑𝐲 𝟐 = 𝟑. from its centre is equal to 2. Find the eccentric angles.
Sol: Sol: Given eq’’n of ellipse Sol: given eq’’n of the ellipse x + 3y = 6…..(1)
x + 3y = 3 3… (1) ⇨ + =1 + =1
Compare with standard form
⇨ + =1⇨ + =1 a = 6 || b = 2
⇨a = √6|| b = √2
∴ a = 3, b = 1
Given line 4
4x + y + k = 0 … (2) Any point on the ellipse
P (√6cosθ, √2sin
sinθ)
⇨y = −4x + k {y = mx + c} Centre C(0, 0)
m = −4 , c = −k CP=2
⇨ − =−
−1 − = −1
Eq’’n of tangent to (1) at P(
P(𝜃) is
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑡
𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚
𝑎 = 16 || 𝑏 = 9
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 − 1 = 0 … . . (2)
⇨ 𝑎 = 4|| 𝑏 = 3
(1). 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 (0
(0, 0) Given eq’’n of tangent
𝑙𝑥 + 𝑚𝑦 + 𝑛 = 0 … … (3)
√
(2). 𝑒 = = = Eq’’n (2) & (3) represents same line
Comparing
omparing coefficients
⇨− − − =1
(7). 𝐸𝑞 𝑛𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑦 = ±
⇨𝑥=± ⇨ 5𝑥 ± 9 = 0. ⇨ − =1
∴𝑎 𝑙 −𝑏 𝑚 =𝑛 .
5. find the eq’’n of tangents to the hyperbola 𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐 6. find the eq’’n of tangents to the hyperbola 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒
𝟒𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒
which are (i) parallel which are (i) parallel
(ii) Perpendicular to the line 𝒚 = 𝒙 − 𝟕. (ii) Perpendicular to the line 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟎.
Sol: Given hyperbola
Sol: Given hyperbola 𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 4… … (1)
3𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 12… (1)
⇨ − =1
⇨ − =1
⇨ − =1 ∴ 𝑎 = 4, 𝑏 = 1
⇨ − =1 ∴ 𝑎 = 4, 𝑏 = 3
(i) eq’’n of tangent parallel to 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 0
(i) eq’’n of tangent parallel to 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 7
{𝑚
𝑚=− } 𝑚=−
{𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐} 𝑚=1
𝑖𝑠 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 ± √𝑎
𝑎 𝑚 −𝑏
𝑖𝑠 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 ± √𝑎 𝑚 − 𝑏
⇨ 𝑦 = 1𝑥 ± 4(1) − 3 ⇨𝑦= 𝑥± 4
4(− ) − 1
⇨ 𝑦 = 𝑥 ± 1 or 𝑥 − 𝑦 ± 1 = 0 ⇨ 2𝑦 = −𝑥 ± 0 or 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 0
𝑖𝑠 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 ± √𝑎 𝑚 − 𝑏 𝑖𝑠 𝑦 = 2𝑥 ± √𝑎 𝑚 − 𝑏
⇨ 𝑦 = −𝑥 ± 1 or 𝑥 + 𝑦 ± 1 = 0.
⇨ 𝑦 = 2𝑥 ± √15
15 or 2𝑥 − 𝑦 ± √15 = 0
(3). 𝑓𝑜𝑐𝑖 (ℎ ± 𝑎𝑒
𝑎𝑒, 𝑘) = −2 ± 2. , 1
= (−2 ± 3,1)) = (1, 1)𝑎𝑛𝑑(−5, 1)
.
(4). 𝐿. 𝐿. 𝑅 = = =5
(5). 𝐸𝑞 𝑛𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖
𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑥 − ℎ = ±
⇨𝑥+2=± ⇨𝑥+2=±
⇨ 3𝑥 + 2 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3𝑥 + 10 = 0
⇨its
its eccentricity 𝑒 = ⇨ =1−
𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆 = +
⇨ =
= + ⇨ =
⇨𝑒 =
= + 𝑒 =
= =1𝑅
𝑅. 𝐻. 𝑆
⇨𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = (𝑎 + 𝑏 )
∴ + = (𝑎 + 𝑏 )
𝒊
𝑬𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝐥𝐢𝐦𝒏⇾ ∑𝒏𝒊
1. …..𝑬𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝟎 𝒊𝟒 .
𝒏𝟒
√𝒏 𝟏 √𝒏
𝒏 𝟐 ⋯ √𝒏 𝒏
𝑺𝒐𝒍: lim ∑ [ ÷ 𝑏𝑦 𝑛 ] 2. 𝐥𝐢𝐦𝒏⇾ .
⇾ 𝒏√ 𝒏
√ √ ⋯ √
𝒔𝒐𝒍: lim ⇾
√
= lim ⇾ ∑
√
lim ⇾ ∑
√
= lim ⇾ ∑ lim ∑
⇾
= lim ∑ lim ⇾ ∑ 1+
⇾
( )𝑑𝑥 = = lim
∴ ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 ⇾ ∑ 𝑓 ( )𝑑𝑥 = = lim
∴ ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 ⇾ ∑ 𝑓
= ∫ √1 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
=∫ 𝑑𝑥
/
= ∫ (1 + 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝟑 𝟏
(𝟏 𝒙)𝟐
= [log(1 + 𝑥 )] = 𝟑
𝟐 𝟎
𝟐
= [log 2 − log 1] = 𝟑 𝟐𝟑/𝟐 − 𝟏𝟑/𝟐
= log 2 = 2√2 − 1
/
Sol: lim ⇾ + + ⋯+ 𝑠𝑜𝑙: 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 … (1)
= lim ⇾ + + ⋯+ ( )
/
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
( ) ( )
/
= lim ∑ 𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥 … (2)
⇾
/
=∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝐼+𝐼 =∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝟓
= [log(1 + 𝑥)]] 𝟎
/ ( ) ( )
2𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
= [log(1 + 5) − log
log(1 + 0)]
/ ( )( ) /
= [log 6 − log 1]] = log 6 2𝐼 = ∫ ( )
𝑑𝑥 = (𝑎 + 𝑏) ∫ 1𝑑𝑥
/
2𝐼 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)[𝑥]
2𝐼 = (𝑎 + 𝑏) −0 = (𝑎 + 𝑏).
𝝅/𝟑 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝟐𝝅
5. ∫𝝅/𝟔
√𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙
𝒅𝒙 6. ∫𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟒 𝒙𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟔 𝒙 𝒅𝒙
√𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 √𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙
𝑆𝑜𝑙:
/ √ 𝐼=∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ∴∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 2 ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝑠𝑜𝑙: 𝐼 = ∫ / 𝑑𝑥 … (1)
√ √
( ) /
/
𝐼=∫/ 𝑑𝑥 𝐼 = 2.2 ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
( ) ( ) /
∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 =
( )( )( )…(
) ( )( )…
/ √ ( )( )( )…
𝐼=∫ /
𝑑𝑥 … (2)
√ √
. . . .
𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 (1)& (2) 𝐼 = 4. . . . .
=
𝝅/𝟐
𝐼+𝐼=∫/
/ √ √
𝑑𝑥 7. ∫ 𝝅/𝟐
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒙𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟒 𝒙 𝒅𝒙
√ √
/ 𝑆𝑜𝑙:
2𝐼 = ∫ / 1𝑑𝑥 /
𝐼=∫ /
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2𝐼 = [𝑥] 𝒂 𝒂
∴ ∫ 𝒂 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐 ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙
2𝐼 = −
𝐼 = 2 ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
/
2𝐼 = ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 =
(𝑛 − 1)(𝑛
)( − 3)(𝑛 − 5) … (𝑚 − 1)(𝑚 − 3)) … 𝜋
𝐼=
(𝑚 + 𝑛)(𝑚 + 𝑛 − 2)(𝑚 + 𝑛 − 4) … 2
. .
𝐼 = 2. . .
=
𝝅/𝟐 𝟏 𝝅/𝟐
8. ∫𝟎 𝒅𝒙 9. Obtain a reduction formula for ∫𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒏 𝒙 𝒅𝒙.
𝟒 𝟓𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙
Let t= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ; /
𝑠𝑜𝑙: Sol: Sol: I = ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 =∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥= ;
𝐿. 𝐿: 𝑥 = 0 ⇨ 𝑡 = 0 Here 𝑈 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 ⇨ 𝑈′ = (𝑛 − 1) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)
cos 𝑥 = V=sinx ⇨∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑈. 𝐿: 𝑥 = ⇨ 𝑡=1
By using integration by parts (𝑈𝑉)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑈 𝑉𝑑𝑥 − [[𝑈′ 𝑉𝑑𝑥]𝑑𝑥
/
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝐈𝒏 = [𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥. (−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
( 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)]
/
𝝅/𝟐
− ∫𝟎 (𝑛 − 1)𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)(−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)]𝑑𝑥
=∫
𝝅/𝟐
𝐈𝒏 = [0 − 0] + (n-1)
1)∫𝟎 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥𝑑𝑥
=∫ ( )
𝝅/𝟐
= (𝒏 + 𝟏) ∫𝟎 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥(1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
= 2∫ 𝑑𝑡
𝝅/𝟐
= (𝒏 + 𝟏) ∫𝟎 (𝑠𝑖𝑛
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥−𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
= 2∫ 𝑑𝑡
𝝅/𝟐 𝝅/𝟐
= (𝒏 + 𝟏) ∫𝟎 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥-(𝒏 + 𝟏) ∫𝟎 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥
1 1 𝑎+𝑥
∴ 𝑑𝑥 = log +𝑐
= 2∫ 𝑑𝑡 𝑎 −𝑥 2𝑎 𝑎−𝑥
I = (n − 1)I − (𝑛 − 1)I
= .( )
log
I + (𝑛 − 1)I =(n − 1)I
= log − log
I (1 + 𝑛 − 1)=(n − 1)I
= (log 2 − log 1) log 1 = 0
I (𝑛)=(n − 1)I
= (log 2)) . ( ) ( ) ( )
I = . . ….. 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛
( )
𝟏
10. Evaluate∫𝟎 𝒙 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟏
𝒙 𝒅𝒙.
𝟏 𝟐𝒙
Sol: ∫ 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑏𝑦 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑠 11. 𝑬𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒆 ∫𝟎 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏 𝒙𝟐
𝒅𝒙
Sol:
ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑢 = tan 𝑥 ⇨𝑢 =
𝑣 = 𝑥 ⇨ ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = +𝑐 𝐼 = ∫ sin 𝑑𝑥
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = tan 𝜃 ⇨ 𝜃 = tan 𝑥
∫(𝑢𝑣)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑈 ∫ 𝑉𝑑𝑥 − ∫[𝑈′ ∫ 𝑉𝑑𝑥]𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃𝑑𝜃
𝐼 = tan 𝑥 . −∫ 𝑑𝑥
U.L L.L
𝜃 𝜃
𝐼 = tan 1 . − tan 0. − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
= tan 𝑥 = tan 𝑥
𝐼= . −0 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝜃 𝜃
= tan 1 = tan 0
𝐼= − ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝜋
𝜃= 𝜃=0
4
𝐼= − ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝐼= − [𝑥] + [tan 𝑥] =∫
/
sin 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃𝑑𝜃
/
=∫ sin[sin 2𝜃
𝜃] 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃𝑑𝜃
𝐼= − [1 − 0]] + [tan 1 − tan 0 ] /
= 2∫ 𝜃 . 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃𝑑𝜃
/
𝐼 = 2[𝜃 tan 𝜃
𝜃] − ∫ tan 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
/ /
𝜋 𝜋 / 𝐼 = 4(4) ∫ [𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃] 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑑𝜃
𝐼=2 tan − [log 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃]]
4 4
/
𝐼 = (4) ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
𝐼=2 1 − 0 − log 𝑠𝑒𝑐 − log 𝑠𝑒𝑐0
( ) ( ) ( )
I = .( )
. …..
𝐼= − log √2 − log 1
I = 4 . . . . = 640
640𝜋
𝐼 = − log √2
2
13. Find the area enclosed by the curves
𝒚 = 𝟑𝒙 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒚 = 𝟔𝒙 − 𝒙𝟐 .
𝟒
12. ∫𝟎 (𝟏𝟔 − 𝒙𝟐 )𝟓/𝟐 𝒅𝒙 𝑺𝒐𝒍: Given eq’’n
𝑺𝒐𝒍: 𝑦 = 6𝑥 − 𝑥 … ((1) 𝑦 = 3𝑥 … . . (2)
𝐼 = ∫ (16 − 𝑥 ) /
𝑑𝑥 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 (1)𝑎𝑛𝑑
)𝑎𝑛𝑑 (2)
6𝑥 − 𝑥 =3𝑥
⇨𝑥 - 3𝑥 = 0
𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒙 = 𝟒𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 ⇨ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟒𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽𝒅𝜽
⇨𝑥(𝑥 - 3) = 0
U.L L.L
𝑥 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 3
4 = 4𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑥 = 4𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
Required Area =∫ (1)—
(1 (2) 𝑑𝑥
𝜃 𝜃
=∫ 6𝑥 − 𝑥 — 3
3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= sin 1 = sin 0
= ∫ [3𝑥 − 𝑥 ] 𝑑𝑥
𝜋 𝜃=0
𝜃= = −
2
= [3 − 0 ]-
] [[3 − 0 ]
/ /
𝐼 = 4∫ [16 − 16𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃] 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑑𝜃
= −9= = 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
/ / /
𝐼 = 4∫ (16) [1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃] 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑑𝜃
Sol:
Given eq’’n 𝑦 = 4𝑥 ⇨ 𝑦 = √4𝑥 … (1)
𝒙𝟐
𝒙𝟐 = 𝟒𝒚 ⇨ 𝒚 = … . . (2)
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 (1)𝑎𝑛𝑑
( )𝑎𝑛𝑑 (2)
𝒙𝟐
√4𝑥 = S.O.B
𝒙𝟒
⇨4𝑥 =
⇨ 64𝑥 = 𝒙𝟒
⇨ 64𝑥 − 𝒙𝟒 = 0
⇨ 𝑥(64 − 𝒙𝟑 ) = 0
𝑥 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 64 ⇨𝑥 = 4
=∫ (1)— (2) 𝑑𝑥
Required Area =
𝒙𝟐
=∫ √4𝑥 − 𝑑𝑥
/
= ∫ 2𝑥 − 𝑑𝑥
/
= /
− .
/ [4 − 0 ]
= 4 −0 -
= [8] − [[64]
= − = 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
⇨ + =0
( ) ( )
Variable separable metho
method.
1 2𝑥 1 2𝑦
To solve = 𝑋𝑌,where
where X is a function of x only and Y is a ⇨ 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦 = 0
2 ( 𝑥 + 1) 2 (𝑦 + 1)
function of y only.
Bring all the terms of x and dx on one side, the terms of y and ⇨ log(1 + 𝑥 ) + log(1 + 𝑦 ) = log 𝑐
dy on the other side.
Integrate both sides and add an arbitrary constant on one side. ⇨ log(1 + 𝑥 )(1 + 𝑦 ) = log 𝑐
𝒅𝒚
1. Solve 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒆𝒙 𝒚
+ 𝒙𝟐 𝒆 𝒚
∴ (1 + 𝑥 )(1
( +𝑦 )=𝑐
Sol: =𝑒 +𝑥 𝑒
⇨ = +
3. Solve
𝒅𝒚
+
𝒚𝟐 𝒚 𝟏
=𝟎 4. Solve (𝒆𝒙 + 𝟏)𝒚𝒅𝒚
)𝒚𝒅𝒚 + (𝒚 + 𝟏)𝒅𝒙 = 𝟎
𝒅𝒙 𝒙𝟐 𝒙 𝟏
⇨ =−
⇨ ∫( )
𝑑𝑦 + ∫ ( )
𝑑𝑥 = 0
⇨∫ 𝑑𝑦 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√ √ ⇨∫ ( )
𝑑𝑦 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 0
∴∫ 𝑑𝑥 = tan ( ) + 𝑐 ⇨∫ −( 𝑑𝑦 + ∫ ( 𝑑𝑥 = 0
( ) ) )
⇨ √
tan √
+ √
tan √
=𝑐 ⇨ ∫ 1𝑑𝑦 − ∫ ( 𝑑𝑦 − ∫ ( 𝑑𝑥 = 0
) )
⇨ 𝑦 − log(𝑦 + 1
1) − log(1 + 𝑒 ) = log 𝑐
∴ tan + tan =𝑐
√ √
⇨ 𝑦 = log(𝑦 + 1
1) + log(1 + 𝑒 ) + log 𝑐
⇨ 𝑦 = log(𝑦 + 1
1)(1 + 𝑒 )𝑐
⇨ 𝑒 = 𝑐(𝑦 + 1
1)(1 + 𝑒 )
𝑜𝑟
𝑒 𝑒 = 𝑐(𝑦 + 1)(1 + 𝑒 )
𝑒 1)(1 + 𝑒 )
= 𝑐(𝑦 + 1
𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝒙(𝟐𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙
𝟐𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙 𝟏)
5. Solve 𝒚 − 𝒙 = 𝟓(𝒚𝟐 + ) 6. Solve =
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒚 𝒚𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒚
( )
Sol: 𝑦 − 𝑥 = 5𝑦 + 5 Sol: =
⇨ =( = 2 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ (log 𝑥) ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
( ) )
Sol: √1 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 1 − 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0
{∴∫ √𝑎 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = √𝑎 − 𝑥 + sin ( )}
𝟏 𝒅𝒚
8. Solve 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒅𝒙
=𝒙 + 𝒚
𝒅𝒚
9. Solve 𝒅𝒙 − 𝒙 𝐭𝐚𝐧
𝐭𝐚𝐧(𝒙 − 𝒚) = 𝟏
𝒅𝒚
Sol: sin =𝑥 + 𝑦 Sol: put 𝑦 − 𝑥 = 𝑡 ⇨ −1=
𝒅𝒙
The given eq’’n 𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
⇨ = sin(𝑥 + 𝑦) 1+ − 𝑥 tan 𝑡 = 1
⇨ =𝑥 tan 𝑡
𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑡 ⇨ 1 + =
⇨ = 𝑥. 𝑑𝑥
⇨ = −1 ⇨∫ cot 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
⇨ − 1 = sin 𝑡 ⇨log|𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡| = +𝑐
∴log|sin (𝑦 − 𝑥))| = +𝑐
⇨ = 1 + sin 𝑡 𝒅𝒚
10. Solve = 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 (𝒙 + 𝒚).
𝒅𝒙
⇨∫ 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 1𝑑𝑥
⇨∫ 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 1𝑑𝑥
⇨∫ 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 1𝑑𝑥
⇨∫ − 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 1𝑑𝑥
∴ tan 𝑡 − sec 𝑡 = 𝑥 + 𝑐
Sol: (𝑥 + 𝑦 )𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑦. 𝑑𝑥
⇨∫ ( )
𝑑𝑣 + ∫ ( )
𝑑𝑣 + ∫ ( )
𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
⇨ = ……..(1)
⇨ ∫ 𝑑𝑣 − ∫ ( )
𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥 ⇨ =𝑣+𝑥
𝒇 (𝒙)
∴∫ 𝒇(𝒙)
𝒅𝒙 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 |𝒇((𝒙)| + 𝒄.
( )
Eq’n (1)⇨ 𝑣 + 𝑥 =
( )
⇨log|𝑣| − log|1 − 𝑣 | = log 𝑥 + log 𝑐
⇨𝑣+𝑥 = ⇨𝑣+𝑥 = ( )
⇨log = log 𝑥 𝑐
⇨𝑥 = −𝑣
⇨ = 𝑥𝑐 substituting v=y/x
⇨𝑥 = ⇨ = 𝑥𝑐 ⇨ = 𝑥𝑐
( )
𝒇′(𝒙)
∴ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 |𝒇(𝒙)| + 𝒄.
𝒇(𝒙)
2. Solve (𝒙𝟐 − 𝒚𝟐 )𝒅𝒙 − 𝒙𝒚. 𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎.
⇨− log|1 − 2𝑣 | = log 𝑥 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑐
Sol: (𝑥 − 𝑦 ))𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑦. 𝑑𝑦 = 0
⇨ = …….. ⇨log|1 − 2𝑣 | = −
−4 log(𝑐𝑥)
𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 ℎ𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝐷. 𝐸
⇨log|1 − 2𝑣 | =log
log(𝑐𝑥)
( )
Eq’n 1⇨ 𝑣 + 𝑥 = ( )
⇨ 1−2 = ⇨ =
⇨𝑣+𝑥 = ⇨𝑥 (𝑥 − 2𝑦 ) =
⇨𝑣+𝑥 = ( )
⇨𝑣+𝑥 =( )
⇨𝑥 = −𝑣
⇨𝑥 = ⇨𝑥 =
⇨∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
⇨− ∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝒙 𝒚
3. Solve (𝒙𝟐 − 𝒚𝟐 ) = 𝒙𝒚. 4. 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆 =
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒙 𝒚
Sol: (𝑥 − 𝑦 ) = 𝑥𝑦 Sol:
𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 ℎ𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑢𝑠
𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝐷. 𝐸
⇨ = …
( )
Eq’n 1⇨ 𝑣 + 𝑥 = ( ) Eq’n 1⇨ 𝑣 + 𝑥 = ( )
( )
⇨𝑣+𝑥 = ⇨𝑣+𝑥 = ( ) ⇨𝑣+𝑥 = ( )
⇨𝑥 = −𝑣 ( )
⇨𝑣+𝑥 =( )
⇨𝑥 = ( )
⇨𝑥 = −𝑣
( )
⇨𝑥 = ⇨𝑥 =
(
(
⇨ 𝑑𝑣 = (
⇨𝑥 =
(
⇨ ∫( − ) 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
⇨∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
⇨− − log 𝑣 = log 𝑥 + log 𝑐
𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑣 = 𝑦/𝑥 ⇨− ∫
( )
𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
⇨− − log 𝑦//𝑥 = log 𝑥𝑐
⇨− = log 𝑦
𝑦/𝑥 +log 𝑥𝑐 ⇨ − log|1 − 2𝑣 − 𝑣 | = log 𝑥 + log 𝑐
⇨− = log 𝑐
⇨ log|1 − 2𝑣 − 𝑣 | = −2 log|𝑥𝑐|
⇨−𝑥 = 2𝑦 log 𝑦𝑐
⇨𝑥 + 2𝑦 log 𝑦𝑐 = 0
Laq Q.No 17 Laq Q.No 17
Differential equations Differential equations
AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B
⇨ log|1 − 2𝑣 − 𝑣 | = log(𝑐𝑥) ( )
⇨𝑥 = −𝑣
( )
( )
⇨ 1 − 2𝑣 − 𝑣 = (𝑐𝑥) ⇨𝑥 =
( )
( )
⇨1− − = ⇨𝑥 =
( )
⇨ = ⇨∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
∴ 𝑥 − 2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 = ⇨ ∫( )(
𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
)
⇨log(𝑣 − 1) − 3 log
log(𝑣 + 1) = 2 log 𝑥 + log 𝑐
𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 ℎ𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑢𝑠
𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝐷. 𝐸
⇨log(𝑣 − 1) − log
log(𝑣 + 1) = log 𝑥 𝑐
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥 ⇨ =𝑣+𝑥
( )
⇨ log ( )
= log 𝑥 𝑐
Eq’n 1⇨ 𝑣 + 𝑥 = ( )
( )
⇨( )
= 𝑥 𝑐⇨( − 1) = 𝑥 ( + 1) 𝑐
( )
⇨𝑣+𝑥 = ( )
⇨(𝑦 − 𝑥)= (𝑦 + 𝑥) 𝑐
( )
⇨𝑣+𝑥 = ( )
∴(𝑦 − 𝑥)= (𝑦 + 𝑥)) 𝑐
𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 ℎ𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑢𝑠
𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝐷. 𝐸 ⇨ 𝑑𝑦 = − 𝑑𝑥
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥 ⇨ =𝑣+𝑥
Eq’n 1⇨ 𝑣 + 𝑥 = 𝑣 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑣)
⇨𝑥 = −𝑠𝑖𝑛 ((𝑣)
⇨∫ ( )
𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
⇨∫ ( )
𝑑𝑣 = − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
⇨ ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 (𝑣)𝑑𝑣
) = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
⇨ ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑣 𝑑𝑣 = − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
⇨𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑣 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 + 𝑐
⇨ − cot =−
−𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 + 𝑐
𝒅𝒚 𝒙 𝒚 𝟑
𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 Through the point (1, ) 9. 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆 = .
𝒅𝒙 𝟐𝒙 𝟐𝒚 𝟓
Sol: =
⇨ − cot = −𝑙𝑜𝑔1 + 𝑐
=
⇨ −1 = 0 + 𝑐 ⇨ 𝑐 = −1
𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑛 − ℎ𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑠
𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝐷. 𝐸 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒(2)
∴ − cot = −𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 − 1
= ( )
…..
𝒅𝒚 𝟐𝒙 𝒚 𝟏
8. 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆 = .
𝒅𝒙 𝒙 𝟐𝒚 𝟑
𝑙𝑒𝑡 (𝑥 − 𝑦) = 𝑣 ⇨ 1 − =
Sol: =
⇨ =1−
[𝑎 + 𝑏 = 1 − 1 = 0]
Now eq’’n 1 becomes
𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑛 − ℎ𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑠
𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝐷. 𝐸 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒(1)
⇨1− =
𝑅𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑙𝑦
⇨(𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 3)𝑑𝑦 = (2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 1)𝑑𝑥
⇨1 − =
⇨ (2𝑥 + 1)𝑑𝑥 − (2
(2𝑦 − 3)𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0
⇨ (2𝑥 + 1)𝑑𝑥 − (2
(2𝑦 − 3)𝑑𝑦 − [𝑦𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑦] = 0
⇨ =
⇨2 +𝑥−2 − 3𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑐
⇨∫ 1𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑣
∴𝑥 − 𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 𝑐
⇨∫ 1𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑣
Laq Q.No 17 Laq Q.No 17
Differential equations Differential equations
AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B
𝒅𝒚 𝟏𝒙
1. Solve (𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 ) + 𝒚 = 𝒆𝐭𝐚𝐧
𝒅𝒙
( )
⇨∫ 1𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑣 Sol: (1 + 𝑥 ) +𝑦=𝑒
⇨ + =
( ) 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑜𝑓 + 𝑃𝑦 = 𝑄
⇨∫ 1𝑑𝑥 = ∫ + 𝑑𝑣
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑃 = ,𝑄 =
⇨∫ 1𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 2 + 𝑑𝑣 ∴ 𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫
𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫ =𝑒
⇨𝑥 = 2𝑣 + log(𝑣 + 2) + 𝑐
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑦
𝑦(𝐼. 𝐹) = ∫ 𝑄(𝐼. 𝐹)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐
⇨ 𝑥 = 2(𝑥 − 𝑦) + log(𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2) + 𝑐
⇨𝑦. 𝑒 =∫ .𝑒 𝑑𝑥
( − 𝑦 + 2) = 𝑐
∴ 𝑥 − 2𝑦 + log(𝑥
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑒 =𝑡⇨ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
⇨𝑦. 𝑒 = ∫ 𝑡𝑑𝑡
Linear differential equations
⇨ 𝑦. 𝑒 =
𝑇𝑜 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 + 𝑃𝑦 = 𝑄, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑃 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑄 𝑎𝑟𝑒
𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦
𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦. ∴ 𝑦. 𝑒 =
( )
+𝑐
Make the co-efficient
efficient of unity, if not so already.
𝒅𝒚
2. Solve (𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 ) + 𝟐𝒙𝒚 − 𝟒𝒙𝟐 = 𝟎
𝒅𝒙
Sol: (1 + x ) + 2xy − 4x = 0 𝒅𝒚
3. Solve 𝒅𝒙 + 𝒚 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
Sol: + 𝑦 tan 𝑥 = sin 𝑥
+ =
𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑜𝑓 + 𝑃𝑦 = 𝑄
𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑜𝑓 + 𝑃𝑦 = 𝑄
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑃 = ,𝑄 = 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥, 𝑄 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
∴ 𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫ ∴ 𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫
𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫ =𝑒 | |
𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫ =𝑒 ( )
=1+𝑥 I.F=𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑦
𝑦(𝐼. 𝐹) = ∫ 𝑄(𝐼. 𝐹)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑦(𝐼. 𝐹) = ∫ 𝑄(𝐼. 𝐹)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐 ⇨y(𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥) = ∫ sin 𝑥 sec 𝑥𝑑𝑥
⇨𝑦(1 + 𝑥 ) = ∫ . (1 + 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
⇨y(𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥) = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
⇨𝑦(1 + 𝑥 ) = ∫ 4𝑥 . 𝑑𝑥
⇨y(𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥) = ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥
∴ 𝑦 (1 + 𝑥 ) = +𝑐
𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒚
4. Solve − 𝒚 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 = 𝒆𝒙 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒙 5. Solve (𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝟏) =𝟏
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
Sol: − 𝑦 tan 𝑥 = 𝑒 sec 𝑥
Sol: (x + y + 1)) =1
𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑜𝑓 + 𝑃𝑦 = 𝑄
⇨ = ⇨ =x + y + 1
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥, 𝑄 = 𝑒 sec 𝑥
⇨ -x =y+1
∴ 𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫
𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑜𝑓 + 𝑃𝑥 = 𝑄
| | 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑃 = −1, 𝑄 = 𝑦 + 1
𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫ =𝑒
I.F= = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ∴ 𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫
𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫ =𝑒
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑦(𝐼. 𝐹) = ∫ 𝑄(𝐼. 𝐹)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐 I.F=𝑒
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑥 (𝐼. 𝐹 ) = ∫ 𝑄(𝐼. 𝐹 )𝑑𝑦 + 𝑐
⇨y(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ) = ∫ 𝑒 sec 𝑥 . 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ⇨x(𝑒 ) = ∫ 𝑒 (𝑦 + 1)𝑑𝑦
⇨y(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)) = ∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑥 ⇨x(𝑒 ) = (𝑦 + 1) ∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑦
−∫ (𝑦 + 1) ∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
⇨y(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)) = 𝑒 + 𝑐.
⇨x(𝑒 ) = −(𝑦 + 1)𝑒 − ∫ 1. 𝑑𝑦
⇨x(𝑒 ) = −(𝑦
(𝑦 + 1)𝑒 +∫𝑒 𝑑𝑦
⇨ x(𝑒 ) = −(𝑦
(𝑦 + 1)𝑒 + +𝑐
x = −(𝑦 + 1) − 1 + 𝑐𝑒
x + y + 2 = 𝑐𝑒 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐
𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.
⇨ = ( )
⇨ + 𝑦. =
⇨ +( )
= ( ) ⇨ + 𝑦. 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥
⇨y(𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥) = ∫(1
1 + 𝑡 )𝑑𝑡
⇨x 𝑒 = 𝑒 (𝑒 − 1) + 𝑐
⇨x 𝑒 =𝑒 𝑒 −1 +𝑐 ∴y(𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥) = 𝑡 + +𝑐
∴y(𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + +𝑐
𝒅𝒚
8. Solve 𝒙 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟐 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙
𝒅𝒙
Laq Q.No 17
Differential equations