REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

LAGUNA SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL FORMAT FOR RESEARCH WRITING

(Inquiries, Investigation, and Immersion)

PRELIMINARIES
1. Front – Matter page number are placed 1 inch from the top, right side.
2. Use lower case Roman numerals for front matters.
3. Arial font style, size 11.
4. Do not include number of the first page of preliminaries.

A. TITLE PAGE
1. Write title in capital letter, single-spaced, inverted pyramid, 1 inch from top, not more than four lines,
centered, bold.
2. For other entries A Thesis Presented to… (see sample for format and contents, centered)
3. Name of Researcher is written in capital letters, complete with middle name, 1 from the bottom of the
page, centered, bold.
4. Write complete month and year below the name of the researcher, centered, bold.

B. APPROVAL SHEET (see attachment)

1. Start approval sheet 1 inch from the top. Write subtitle APPROVAL SHEET in all capital letters, centered,
bold.
2. Title of research is written in bold. Capital letters with quotation marks.
3. All entries must be single spaced.
4. Subtitle PANEL OF EXAMINERS is written in capital, centered, bold.
5. All signatories are written in uppercase, one space between the word panel member. Include educational
attainment of the panel of examiners (e.g. Ph.D., Ed.D., etc)
6. Names of panel members come last after the name of chairman (Principal)
7. Place a blank with the word date italized below in the acceptance portion. The month, day and year of
acceptance shall be handwritten by the Principal as he/she signs the copies which is in line with the date.
8. Place the blank with the word Research Contribution below the date (see attachment)

C. DEDICATION
1. Write subtitle DEDICATION in all capital letters, bold, centered, 1 inch from top.
2. Maintain one page for Dedication
3. Any style may be adopted

D. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
1. Write subtitle ACKNOWLEDGEMENT in all capital letters, bold, centered, 1 inch from top.
2. Write in bold capital letters, names of person being acknowledged use of Prof. Dr. not Mr. and Mrs.
3. Use semi-colon at the end of each entry/paragraph and period at the end of the last paragraph
4. End with your initial

E. ABSTRACT
1. Title ABSTRACT is written on top in capital letters, centered, bold
2. Provide triple space between the words ABSTRACT & the paragraph.
3. Contents of the abstract is written in paragraphs, maximum of 3 pages.

F. TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Subtitle TABLE OF CONTENTS is written 1 inch from the top, all capital letters, centered and bold.

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 REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
LAGUNA SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL FORMAT FOR RESEARCH WRITING
(Inquiries, Investigation, and Immersion)

2. Title of preliminaries is written in capital letters, double-spaced with page number written in small Roman
numerals.
3. Chapter number are written in Arabic numerals and chapter titles in capital/lower case, bold.
4. Subtitles of each chapter are written in title case, double-spaced, with corresponding starting page
number.
5. Include end matters BIBLIOGRAPHY, APPENDICES, and CURRICULUM VITAE, written in capital letters,
bold.
6. Entries for the APPENDICES are marked “Appendix A” , Appendix “B”, …. and so on

G. LIST OF TABLES
1. Subtitle LIST OF TABLES is written in all capital letters, centered, bold.
2. List of tables is written double-spaced between and single spaced within. Include page number.

H. LIST OF FIGURES
1. Subtitle LIST OF FIGURES is written in all capital letters, centered, bold.
2. List of figures are written double-spaced between and single-spaced within. Include page number.

CONTENTS
General format of the Chapters and other Considerations

1. Use font size no. 12, Arial.

2. Use double space in all discussions.
3. Start each chapter in 1 inch from top, written in capital lower case type, bold, centered.
4. Chapter title is written after triple space in uppercase, bold, centered.
5. Chapter number is written in Arabic.
6. Top margin – 1 inch, bottom margin – 1 inch, left margin – 1.75 inch, right margin – 1 inch.
7. Subtitles are written in capital lower case type to the left of the page and bold.
8. There should be triple space before the start of each section.
9. There is continuous pagination from the first page of the chapter written in Arabic on top of the right side
of the page.
10. Page number is not reflected for every page of the chapter.
11. Related literature and studies should not be more than ten (10) years beyond.
12. The main variables/factors are found in the title with not more than 20 substantive words.

CHAPTER 1 : THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

INTRODUCTION

1. Discussion at once follows after the chapter title and subtitle; no introduction of the chapter.
2. Discussion are in paragraph starting from macro to micro development that gives an overview of the
research.

LSHS-STEM 8 NOV 19 JPGAL

 REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
LAGUNA SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL FORMAT FOR RESEARCH WRITING
(Inquiries, Investigation, and Immersion)

3. It should show that the researcher is familiar with the literature by developing the background more
comprehensively; showing anti-thesis and thesis
4. It may include concepts and ideas from other sources; acknowledgement of sources is done in journal form.
5. It should have a maximum of two (2) pages

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

1. The discussion of the problem situation as observed and experienced by the researcher, on why researcher
was interested on the study.
2. Concepts and ideas related to the problem; practical and theoretical importance of the studies.
3. How the present study has evolved by highlighting the gap in the existing knowledge and how the present
study will attempt to bridge the gap.
4. It should have a maximum of two (2) pages.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

1. It presents the review of theories (minimum of three) in the researchers discipline that he will utilize to
anchor his work.
2. Discussion of the main idea and guiding principles of theory is first given followed by the discussion of its
relation to the study.
3. It has maximum of three (3) pages

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

1. The framework is the researcher’s own conceptualization of the study using a research scheme or research
paradigm, based or related to the theories previously presented.
2. The conceptual model is a figurative representation of the research framework drawn in a separate whole
page in the middle of its discussion.
3. In the discussion, the researcher extensively explains the model, the meaning of the figures, the content; the
process involved, relationship among variables are also included.
4. All the variables involved should be written in the model.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

1. This section should have an introductory paragraph that would include the general objective(s) of the
research.
2. It should enlist the specific questions/objectives answered by the research.

HYPOTHESIS
1. This section should have an introductory statement
2. It should enlist the hypothesis (es) tested in the research stated in null form
NOTE: If statement of objective is used there will be no hypothesis

LSHS-STEM 8 NOV 19 JPGAL

 REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
LAGUNA SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL FORMAT FOR RESEARCH WRITING
(Inquiries, Investigation, and Immersion)

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

1. This gives the highlights of the research work and presents the contribution of the researcher in doing the
study to the field of knowledge.
2. This also states the probable effects of the results of the study on a theory or practice.
3. Individuals or groups of individuals to be benefited by the results of the study are written in hierarchal order.
4. Individual or group of individuals is written in capital lower case type, bold, indented.

SCOPE AND LIMITATION

1. This section discusses the parameters of the research in paragraph form

2. It answers the basic question
a. What – the topic of investigation and the variables included
b. Where – the venue or setting of the research
c. When – the time frame by which the study was conducted
d. Why – the general objective of the research
e. Who – the subject of the study, the population and sampling
3. The researcher also enlists the variables that he could not control and can also be uses as springboard for the
recommendations.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

1. The section should have an introductory statement

2. Terms or variables are enlisted and arranged in alphabetical order, written in capital lower case type, bold,
left part of the paper
3. Each variable is given a definition written immediately after each term, separated by a period mark, in
sentence form. Cite (author, year) for conceptual definition(s). Include the operational definition(s)

CHAPTER 2 : REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

RELATED LITERATURE

1. This gives references that will provide exhaustive review of the topic, the review is developmental in nature.
2. Theories, concepts and ideas that will explain the meaning of every variable are included.
3. The discussion also includes how the variables were used in the present research to explain its importance.
4. The variables are arranged based on its presentation in the model, starting with the dependent variable(s)
5. A minimum of (3) related literatures are required for each variable; all should be relevant to the objectives of
the research study
6. Cross-referencing must be observed.
7. The use of Wiki or blog site as sources are not allowed
8. A big percentage of the literature review should come from refereed or scholarly journals in the discipling of
researcher.

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 REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
LAGUNA SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL FORMAT FOR RESEARCH WRITING
(Inquiries, Investigation, and Immersion)

9. Avoid second citation(s)

10. Include recent references only (10 years in the past)
11. Subtitle should be excluded in the discussion of the paper

RELATED STUDIES

1. The variables are arranged based on its preparation in the model starting with dependent variables
2. Integrate and synthesize all foreign and local studies to link the past studies to the current study being
undertaken
3. Compare and contrast the current work from the past studies done
4. Cross-referencing must be observed
5. A minimum of five (3) related studies
6. A big percentage of the literature review should come from refereed or scholarly journals in the discipline of
the researcher
7. Avoid second citation(s)
8. Include recent references only (10 years on the past)

CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter starts with an introduction paragraph citing the different or contents of the chapter.

RESEARCH DESIGN
1. This section has the following contents in paragraph discussion that answer the following questions:
a. What is the most appropriate method to use in gathering the needed data?
b. What is the appropriate method to use in addressing the parameters define in the study?
2. This section has a discussion of how this method(s) was/were used in the study
3. It should include the recent source(s), with the (author, year)

RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY

1. This section answers the following questions and the contents are in the paragraph form.
a. What is the population of the study and the sampling scheme to be used in selecting the
sample?
b. What is the sample size?
c. Is the sample are truly representative of the entire population?
d. What inclusion the recent source(s), with the (author, year)

RESEARCH PROCEDURE
This section discusses in paragraph form the different activities undertaken to complete the research
which follows the general procedure of the study. A Gantt chart of activities may guide the discussion.

It includes but not limited to the following: the inclusive factors for the data gathering: the adequate
dates to finish the data gathering: the research tools: and the statistical tools.

LSHS-STEM 8 NOV 19 JPGAL

 REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
LAGUNA SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL FORMAT FOR RESEARCH WRITING
(Inquiries, Investigation, and Immersion)

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

1. This section deals with a detailed description of the research tool(s) or instrument(s) used in the research.
2. The tool(s) or instrument(s) should be the most appropriate to use in gathering the most pertinent data and
information.
3. It should contain all the constructs and variables found in the research objective(s). Response manner to the
questionnaire or test should be mentioned.
4. In case of researcher-made instruments, validation process should be discussed and figures or results be
presented when statistical measures were used.
5. If the instrument was adopted, the author should be recognized and source should be documented.

STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA

1. Statistical analysis tool(s) to be used for each question in the statement of the problem is discussed under
this section in paragraph form.
2. Formulas need to be written
3. State if data processing was done manually computerized
4. Ranges for descriptive statistics should be presented

CHAPTER 4 PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

1. An introduction paragraph is provided at the start of the chapter

2. Subtitles of sections are based on the questions in the statement of the problem stated in declarative form,
single-space, bold, left aligned
3. Table and figure numbers and titles are written in capital lower case type at the left, single-spaced, arranged
in inverted pyramid
4. Tables and figure should be in continuous numbering; presented first before the discussion; must appear in
inverted pyramid
5. Graphs should be colored; tables enclosed with double line borders
6. Discussion should follow the format presentation of data analysis and interpretation then its implications.
Related literature and studies may be used to support or negate the findings.

CHAPTER 5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION

The chapter should have an introductory paragraph

SUMMARY

1. This section is composed of paragraphs that include the general and specific objectives of the study, the
scope and methodology, (one page only)
2. It also include the summary of findings but do not copy and paste the interpretation of data found in Chapter
4, synthesize findings for each of statement of the problems presented in Chapter 1, Avoid the quantitative
part (because this has been presented in Chapter 4). (maximum of 2 pages)

LSHS-STEM 8 NOV 19 JPGAL

 REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
LAGUNA SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL FORMAT FOR RESEARCH WRITING
(Inquiries, Investigation, and Immersion)

CONCLUSIONS

1. This section in introduced first

2. Conclusions are enlisted based on the hypothesis

RECMMENDATIONS

1. This section is introduced first

2. Recommendations are enumerated based on the important results
3. It is suggested that concrete programs be the recommendations rather than general ideas.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Enlist all the reference materials used in the thesis or dissertation classified into:
a. Books
b. Periodicals
c. Published/unpublished materials
d. Other sources
2. The word BIOBLIOGRAPHY is written in upper case, bold, centered
3. The subtitles:
a. Books
b. Periodicals
c. Published/unpublished materials
d. Other sources
4. All entries are in hanging indent, single-spaced within, double-spaced, between
5. Adapt the APA style in writing citations
6. For research, minimum of five (5) pages; dissertation –minimum of eight(8) pages
7. Include recent sources (10 years in the past)

APPENDICES

1. Each appendix begins in a new page, headed with its letter and a short descriptive title
2. The pages of the appendixes are numbered as a consecutive part of the pagination of the
research/dissertation as a whole.
3. The appendices must be type written with usual margin on the same paper as the text.

LSHS-STEM 8 NOV 19 JPGAL

 REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
LAGUNA SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL FORMAT FOR RESEARCH WRITING
(Inquiries, Investigation, and Immersion)

CURRICULUM VITAE

A summarized curriculum vitae of the researcher, about 1-3 pages is included in the last part of the thesis.

References:

Juacalla, Merilyn P. Ed.D. (2012) Writing the Graduate Research: The LSPU- Sta. Cruz Thesis and Dissertation
Format. Copyright No. 02014-1652

LSPU Research Operations Procedures Revised 2018. Published by the Research & Development

Developing the Content Domain of a Research Proposal (2002). Technological University of the Philippines
Guidelines for Writing Thesis/Practicum or Research Report. Mapua University manual.

LSHS-STEM 8 NOV 19 JPGAL