Introduction to

English 10 | Lesson 2 | Ms. Edlyn Molina, LPT

By the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:
1. Realize the importance of Mythology to a culture;
2. Be familiar with the principal deities and
creatures of Greek mythology; and,
3. Retell a Greek mythology through a graphic
organizer.
What is the importance
of Mythology to the
Greeks?
Mythology: Definition
•From the Greek words: mythos
which means story of people, and
logos which means word or
speech.
•The study and interpretation of
stories which deal with various
aspects of the human condition.
 origin of things

good and evil gods or a god

Mythology

meaning of life, values

death, and the and
afterlife traditions
 Mythology:
▪ The myths of the Greeks are
creations of their poets.
▪ The stories showed us what
early Greeks were like.
 Mythology:
▪The Greeks made their gods in
their own image.
▪The myths also made the gods
companionable.
Mythology:
Greek myth
=
early science
Part 1:
- In the beginning
there was Chaos.
•Chaos gave birth to
what is known now as
primordial deities:
1. Gaea
(Mother Earth)
2. Tartarus
(Underworld)
3. Eros (Love)
4. Erebus
(Darkness)
5. Nyx
(Night)
- Gaea later on gave birth to
Pontus (the Sea), the Mountains,
and Uranus (Father Heaven).
- She later on married her own
son, Uranus.
Gaea + Uranus
=
TITANS
 The

Titans
- Considered as the “elder gods”
- They were supreme in the universe
- Enormous in size and incredible in
strength
1. CRONUS (Saturn):
-ruled over the Titans
2. OCEANUS:
- the river that was
supposed to encircle
the earth.
3. HYPERION:
-father of the sun,
moon, and dawn.
4. MNEMOSYNE:
- memory
5. THEMIS:
- justice
6. IAPETUS:
- important because of his
sons: Atlas, Prometheus,
and Epimetheus.
- Uranus hated all his children
(especially the monsters which he
locked all up in Tartarus)
- Gaea asked the Titans for help
- Cronus overthrew his father
 The
Olympians
-Cronus feared that his children would
overthrow him the way he overthrew
his father
- Cronus swallowed all of his children
- Zeus was able to escape
- When Zeus was grown he made his
dad regurgitate his siblings
- The Olympians defeated the Titans
 THE
OLYMPIANS
ZEUS (Jupiter)
- supreme ruler; Lord of
the Sky
- Rain-god, God of Thunder
and Cloud-gatherer
ZEUS (Jupiter)
- He is the most powerful
- He wielded the thunderbolt
and his shield the aegis
- He has many affairs and
children
 HERA (Juno)
- Zeus’ wife and older sister
- Queen of Olympians
- Goddess of childbirth and
marriage
- Jealous of Zeus’ affairs
POSEIDON (Neptune)
- god and ruler of the sea
- “Earth-shaker”
- controlled tidal waves,
earthquakes, hurricanes
- He wields a trident
HADES (Pluto)
- Ruler of the underworld
and the dead
- god of wealth hidden on
earth
- rarely visited the earth
HADES (Pluto)
- He is terrible, but NOT
evil
- He was married to
Persephone, daughter
of Demeter
 PALLAS ATHENA
(Minerva)
-Goddess of wisdom, reason,
war, arts and literature
- Zeus’ favorite daughter
(born from his head)
- protector of civilized life
PHOEBUS APOLLO
- Son of Zeus and Leto
- God of light (sun), music,
truth, and shepherds
- Archer and healer
 ARTEMIS (Diana)
- Apollo’s twin sister
- goddess of the hunt, the moon,
and the natural environment
- protector of childbirth and
labor
HERMES (Mercury)
- Son of Zeus and Maia
- Graceful and swift in motion
- Wars winged sandals and
has a magic staff- Caduceus
HERMES (Mercury)

- Zeus’ messenger
- “master thief”
- solemn guide of the dead
 APHRODITE (Venus)
- Goddess of love and beauty
- Born out of sea foam
- Wife of Hephaestus and
mother of Cupid
 ARES (Mars)
- God of war
- Son of Zeus and Hera
- most unpopular among the
deities
- he is quick-tempered and
aggressive
HEPHAESTUS (Vulcan)
- God of the forge, fire,
blacksmiths, sculptors,
metallurgy, volcanoes
- Hera threw him out of
Olympus
 DEMETER
-Goddess of agriculture
- Her daughter Persephone
was abducted by Hades to
be his wife in the
underworld
 HESTIA (Vesta)
-Goddess of the hearth,
symbol of home
- she was included in the
Olympian gods, she was later
replaced by Dionysus.
 DIONYSUS
-god of wine and drama, later
considered a patron of the
arts
- reflects the dual nature of
wine
Part 2:
 CENTAUR
-centaurs are known as the
children of Nephele
- savage beasts
- Chiron – most important
Centaur for his wisdom and
goodness.
 CERBERUS
- giant hound with
three heads guarding
the gates of the
underworld.
- “Hounds of Hades”
CHIMAERA
-A creature formed of
three animals: a
lioness, a snake and a
goat
- Could breathe fire
 CYCLOPES
- They are one-eyed
primordial giants in
Greek mythology
- lawless creatures that
lived freely and did not
fear the gods
 SPHINX
- a lion’s body, a woman’s
head and an eagle’s
chest and wings
- they are merciless &
treacherous creature
 MEDUSA
-was one of three Gorgon
sisters born from ancient
marine gods
- her sisters Stheno and
Euryale were immortals
Medusa was a mortal being.
 MEDUSA
-She had the ability to turn
into stone anyone that looked
in her eyes
- was a priestess of Athena
with golden hair
- Married Poseidon
- Punished by Athena
 PEGASUS
-offspring of Poseidon and
Gorgon Medusa
- born from the blood
coming out of Medusa’s
neck
 SIRENS
- legendary sea-nymphs
who lured sailors passing
nearby to death with their
beautiful voices and
enchanting songs.
 MINOTAUR
-born from the intercourse
between the Cretan Bull and
Pasiphae, the Queen of Crete
- had the head of a bull and the
body of a human
 LERNEAN HYDRA
-had nine heads, she
breathed poison and
her blood was so
deadly that even the
scent of it was enough
to kill.
CAUCASIAN EAGLE
-a giant eagle tasked by Zeus
to torture Prometheus as
his punishment for stealing
fire from the gods