INPRO Dialogue Forum on NE Innovations: CUC for SMR, 10 – 14 October 2011

Update on SMR Technology Status and

IAEA Programme on Common Technology
and Issues for SMRs
Dr. M. Hadid Subki
Technical Lead, SMR Technology
Nuclear Power Technology Development Section
Nuclear Division of Nuclear Power
Department of Nuclear Energy

IAEA
International Atomic Energy Agency
Outline
• Role of IAEA on SMRs
• Global Status of SMR Deployment and Development
• Status of SMR designs
• Perceived Advantages and Challenges
• Developing Countries’ Expectations
• Lessons Learned on Safety
• Common User Considerations
• Technology Assessment Process
• IAEA Response to the Global Trend
• Conclusions

IAEA 2
Roles of IAEA on SMRs

• Coordinates efforts of Member States to facilitate the

development of SMRs by taking a systematic approach to
identify key enabling technologies to achieve
competitiveness and reliable performance of SMRs, and by
addressing common issues of deployment
• Establishes and maintains an international network with
organizations involved in SMR activities
• Ensures overall coordination of Member State experts by
planning and implementing training and by facilitating the
sharing of information and experience, a transfer of
knowledge
• Develops international recommendations and guidance on
SMRs focusing on specific needs of developing countries

IAEA
Global Development and Deployment
• Dozens of concepts for innovative SMRs are under
development in many IAEA Member States:
• Argentina, Brazil, Canada, China, France, India, Japan, Republic of
Korea, Russia, South Africa, USA, and some emerging countries.
• A number of companies are developing SMRs; each has
unique features and varying megawatt capacity.
• Many SMRs (with 1970s, 1980s technologies) are
operating and many are under construction
In Operation 125
Under construction 17
Number of countries with SMRs 28
Generating Capacity, GW(e) 57.1
• None of the innovative SMRs are commercially available

IAEA 4
Light water-cooled SMRs

CAREM-25 IMR SMART VBER-300 WWER-300 KLT-40s

Argentina Japan Korea, Republic of Russia Russia Russia

ABV-6
mPower NuScale Westinghouse CNP-300
Russia
USA USA SMR - USA China, People Republic of

IAEA 5
Heavy-water cooled SMRs

EC6 PHWR-220, 540, & 700 AHWR300-LEU

Canada India India

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Gas-cooled SMRs

PBMR HTR-PM GT-MHR EM2

South Africa China USA USA

IAEA 7
Liquid-Metal Fast SMRs

CCFR 4S PFBR-500 SVBR-100 PRISM

China Japan India Russian Federation USA

IAEA 8
 SMRs for Immediate Deployment
Design Electrical
Name Country of Origin Design Status
Organization Capacity, Mwe

Pressurized Heavy Water

1 NPCIL India 220 16 units in operation
Reactor (PHWR-220)

2 PHWR-540 NPCIL India 540 2 units in operation

3 PHWR-700 NPCIL India 700 4 units under construction

4 KLT-40S OKBM Afrikantov Russian Federation 70 2 units under construction

Detailed design,
5 HTR-PM Tsinghua University China, Republic of 250
2 modules under construction

Central Argentina de
Started site excavation in Sept 2011,
6 Elementos Modulares CNEA Argentina 27
prototype construction in 2012
(CAREM)

Prototype Fast Breed Under construction – Commissioning

7 IGCAR India 500
Reactor (PFBR-500) in 2012

Atomic Energy of
8 CANDU 6 Canada 700 Many in operation
Canada Limited

2 units in operation,
9 CNP-300 CNNC China, Republic of 300
IAEA 1 unit under construction
 SMRs for Near-term Deployment
Design Country of Electrical
Name Origin Capacity, Design Status
Organization MWe

System Integrated Korea Atomic Energy Final Design Approval 1st

1 Modular Advanced Research Institute Republic of Korea 100 Quarter of 2012
Reactor (SMART)

2 NuScale NuScale Power Inc. United States of 45/module Detailed design, to apply for
America certification in January 2012

3 mPower Babcock & Wilcox United States of 125/module Detailed design, to apply for
America certification later in 2012

4 VBER-300 OKBM Afrikantov Russian 300 Detailed design

Federation

5 SVBR-100 JSC AKME Engineering Russian 100 Detailed design for

Federation prototype construction

6 Westinghouse Westinghouse United States of 200 Detailed Design

SMR America

7 Super-Safe, Small Toshiba Japan 10 Detailed design

and Simple (4S)

Pebble Bed Detailed design;

8 Modular Reactor
IAEA ESKOM South Africa 100 Development discontinued
(PBMR)
 Example of SMRs for Long-term Deployment

Design Country of Electrical

Name Organization Origin Capacity, Design Status
MWe
Power Reactor United States of
1 Innovative Small GE Hitachi America 311 Detailed Design
Modular (PRISM)
Advanced Heavy
2 Water Reactor with BARC India 300 Conceptual Design
LEU and Throium
MOX Fuel

3 Integrated Modular Mitsubishi Heavy Japan 350 Conceptual Design

Water Reactor (IMR) Industries

4 Flexblue AREVA, EDF, France 50-250 Conceptual Design

DCNS, CEA

5 FBNR FURGS Brazil 72 Conceptual Design

6 VK-300 RIAR Russian 100/300 Conceptual Design

Federation
7 EM2 General Atomics USA 240 Conceptual Design

8 And so forth …
IAEA
Definitions
• IAEA:
• Small-sized reactors: < 300 MW(e)
• Medium-sized reactors: 300  700 MW(e)
• Regardless of being modular or non-modular
• Covers all reactors in-operation and under-development
with power < 700 MWe
• Covers 1970s technology  2000s innovative
technology
• Several developed countries:
• Small-sized reactors: < 300 MW(e)
• Emphasize the benefits of being small and modular
• Focus on innovative reactor designs under-development

IAEA 12
SMR for Immediate Deployment
PHWR 220
• Full name: PHWR 220
• Designer: NPCIL - India
• Reactor type: Pressurized Heavy Water
Reactors
• Coolant/Moderator: D20
• Neutron Spectrum: Thermal Neutrons
• Thermal/Electric capacity: 754.5 MW(t) /
236.0MW(e)
• Fuel Cycle: Closed end fuel cycle; natural
uranium in dioxide form as fuel; Spent fuel
bundles are reprocessed and depleted
uranium and plutonium to be used in
FBRs. Small quantity of reprocessed
depleted uranium recycled in PHWRs.
• Salient Features: Twin unit module, with
main plant buildings unitized.
• Design status: 16 units in Operation
IAEA
SMR for Immediate Deployment
KLT-40S
• Designer: OKBM Afrikantov – Russian
Federation
• Reactor type: PWR – Floating Nuclear
Cogeneration Plant
• Coolant/Moderator: H20
• Neutron Spectrum: Thermal Neutrons
• Thermal/Electric capacity: 150 MW(t) /
35 MW(e)
• Fuel Cycle: Single-Loading of LEU fuel
with initial uranium enrichment <20% to
enhance proliferation resistance
• Salient Features: based on long-term
experience of nuclear icebreakers;
cogeneration options for district heating
and desalination
• Design status: 2 units under construction

IAEA
SMR for Immediate Deployment
HTR-PM
• Full name: Modular High Temperature
Gas Cooled Reactor – Pebble Bed
Module
• Designer: Tsinghua University, Peoples
Republic of China
• Fuel: TRISO (UO2) with 8.9% enrichment
of fresh fuel element
• Thermal/Electric capacity: 500 MW(t) /
211 MW(e)
• Fuel Cycle: design burn-up to reach
100GWd/t to reduce fuel cycle cost
• Salient Features: high operating
temperature; multiple-module reactors
coupled to one high pressure super-
heated steam turbine generator, sharing
common auxiliary systems
• Design status: 2 modules under
construction
IAEA
SMR for Immediate Deployment
CAREM
• Full name: Central Argentina de Elementos
Modulares
• Designer: National Atomic Energy
Commission of Argentina (CNEA)
• Reactor type: Integral PWR
• Coolant/Moderator : Light Water
• Neutron Spectrum: Thermal Neutrons
• Thermal/Electrical Capacity: 87.0 MW(t) /
27 MW(e)
• Fuel Cycle: 14 months
• Salient Features: primary coolant system
within the RPV, self-pressurized and relying
entirely on natural convection.
• Design status: Design Certification to
prepare for prototype deployment by 2012

IAEA
SMR for Immediate Deployment
PFBR 500
• Full name: Prototype Fast Breed
reactor 500 MWe
• Designer: IGCAR, India
• Reactor type: Fast Breeder reactor
• Coolant: Liquid sodium
• Neutron Spectrum: Fast Neutrons
• Thermal/Electrical Capacity:
1250 MW(t) / 500 MW(e)
• Fuel Cycle: 6-month
• Salient Features: Passive decay heat
removal system; Requires no water for
emergency cooling in an accident
• Design status: 1 unit under
construction in Kalpakkam - India;
commissioning in 2012

IAEA
SMR for Near-term Deployment
SMART
• Full name: System-Integrated Modular
Advanced Reactor
• Designer: Korea Atomic Energy Research
Institute (KAERI), Republic of Korea
• Reactor type: Integral PWR
• Coolant/Moderator: Light Water
• Neutron Spectrum: Thermal Neutrons
• Thermal/Electrical Capacity:
330 MW(t) / 100 MW(e)
• Fuel Cycle: 36 months
• Salient Features: Passive decay heat
removal system in the secondary side;
horizontally mounted RCPs; intended for sea
water desalination and electricity supply in
newcomer countries with small grid
• Design status: Detailed Design

IAEA
SMR for Near-term Deployment
NuScale
• Full name: NuScale
• Designer: NuScale Power Inc., USA
• Reactor type: Integral Pressurized
Water Reactor
• Coolant/Moderator: Light Water
• Neutron Spectrum: Thermal Neutrons
• Thermal/Electrical Capacity:
165 MW(t)/45 MW(e)
• Fuel Cycle: 24 months
• Salient Features: Natural circulation
cooled; Decay heat removal using
containment; built below ground
• Design status: Plan to apply for
certification in January 2012

IAEA
SMR for Near-term Deployment 4:
mPower
• Full name: mPower
• Designer: Babcock & Wilcox Modular
Nuclear Energy, LLC(B&W), United States of
America
• Reactor type: Integral Pressurized Water
Reactor
• Coolant/Moderator: Light Water
• Neutron Spectrum: Thermal Neutrons
• Thermal/Electrical Capacity:
500 MW(t) / 125 MW(e)
• Fuel Cycle: 48-month or more
• Salient Features: integral NSSS, CRDM
inside reactor vessel; Passive safety that
does not require emergency diesel generator
• Design status: Began pre-application
interactions in July 2009. Design certification
application later in 2012.
IAEA
SMR for Near-term Deployment
BREST-OD-300
• Designer: RDIPE, Russian Federation
• Reactor type: Small Liquid Metal
(Lead) Fast Reactor
• Coolant: Lead
• Fuel: uranium-plutonium mono-nitride
• Neutron Spectrum: Fast Neutrons
• Thermal/Electrical Capacity:
700 MW(t) / 300 MW(e)
• Fuel Cycle: 10 month; closed cycle
including transmutation and in-pile
burning of actinides, transmutation of
long-lived fission products, radwaste
purification from actinides
• Salient Features: Two-circuit heat
transport system to deliver heat to a
supercritical steam turbine.
• Design status: Conceptual design
IAEA
SMR for Near-term Deployment
4S
• Full name: Super-Safe, Small and
Simple
• Designer: Toshiba Corporation, Japan
• Reactor type: Liquid Sodium cooled,
Fast Reactor – but not a breeder
reactor
• Neutron Spectrum: Fast Neutrons
• Thermal/Electrical Capacity:
30 MW(t)/10 MW(e)
• Fuel Cycle: without on-site refueling
with core lifetime ~30 years. Movable
reflector surrounding core gradually
moves, compensating burn-up reactivity
loss over 30 years.
• Salient Features: power can be
controlled by the water/steam system
without affecting the core operation
IAEA • Design status: Conceptual Design
SMR for Long-term Deployment
PRISM
• Full name: Power Reactor Innovative
Small Module
• Designer: GE Hitachi Nuclear, USA
• Reactor type: Small Liquid Metal
(Sodium) cooled, underground Fast
Breeder Reactor
• Coolant: Sodium
• Neutron Spectrum: Fast Neutrons
• Thermal/Electrical Capacity:
471 MW(t) / 155 MWe
• Fuel Cycle: closed
• Salient Features: Underground
containment on seismic isolators with a
passive air cooling ultimate heat sink.
Modular design with two reactor modules
per power unit (turbine generator).
• Design status: Conceptual Design
IAEA
SMR for Long-term Deployment
Flexblue
• Full name: Flexblue
• Designer: AREVA-DCNS-CEA, France
• Reactor type: Subsea PWR
• Neutron Spectrum: Thermal
• Electrical Capacity: 50 - 250 MWe
• Fuel Cycle: ---
• Salient Features: based on the
experience of building nuclear
submarine and aircraft carrier; the
nuclear capsule lowered 60-100 m to
the seabed, at a site 5-15 km from the
coast; electricity supplied to coast by
submarine power cables
• Design status: Conceptual Design

IAEA
 SMR for Long-term Deployment
SMR 200
• Full name: SMR 200
• Designer: Westinghouse Electric
Company, USA
• Reactor type: Integral PWR
• Coolant/Moderator: Light Water
• Neutron Spectrum: Thermal Neutrons
• Thermal/Electrical Capacity:
~800 MW(t) / 225 MW(e)
• Fuel Cycle: 24 months
• Salient Features: CRDM inside RPV,
horizontally mounted RCPs; referred to
AP1000 as the reference plant, instead
of to IRIS features
• Design status: Conceptual Design

IAEA
SMR for Long-term Deployment
FBNR
• Full name: Fixed Bed Nuclear Reactor
• Designer: Federal University of Rio
Grande do Sul, Brazil
• Reactor type: PWR with pebble fuel
• Coolant/Moderator: Light Water
• Neutron Spectrum: Thermal Neutrons
• Thermal/Electrical Capacity:
134 MW(t) / 70 MW(e)
• Fuel Cycle: Flexible fuel cycle
• Salient Features: conceptual PWR
with CERMET spherical fuel; the core
becomes empty of fuel elements, and
nuclear criticality ceases, should any
undesired situation occur.
• Design status: Preliminary conceptual
design

IAEA
SMR for Long-term Deployment
Hyperion
• Full name: Hyperion Power Module
• Designer: Hyperion Power Generation,
Inc., USA
• Reactor type: Lead-bismuth eutectic,
primary and secondary loops
• Coolant: Lead-bismuth
• Neutron Spectrum: Fast Neutrons
• Thermal/Electrical Capacity:
70 MW(t) / 25 MW(e)
• Fuel Cycle: 10 years
• Salient Features: underground NPP
• Design status: Conceptual design

IAEA
 Perceived Advantages and Challenges
Advantages
• Shorter construction period
Technological Issues
(modularization)
• Potential for enhanced reliability
and safety
• Reduced complexity in design and
human factor
• Suitability for non-electrical
application (i.e. process heat and
desalination)
• Tolerance to grid instabilities
• Fitness for smaller electricity grids
Non-Technological
• Options to match demand growth
by incremental capacity increase
• Site Flexibility
Issues
• Reduced emergency planning zone
• Lower upfront investment capital
cost per installed unit
• Easier
IAEAfinancing scheme
Challenges
• Licensability (delays due to design
innovation)
• Non-LWR technologies
• Impact of innovative design and fuel
cycle to proliferation resistance
• Operability
• Spent fuel management and waste
handling policies
• Post Fukushima action items on
Design and Safety
• Economic competitiveness (impact
of economies of scale)
• Regulation for fuel or NPP leasing
• First of a kind cost estimates
• Availability of design for newcomers
• Infrastructure requirements
• Post Fukushima action items on
Institutional Issues and Public 28
Acceptance
Developing Countries Expectations

Nuclear
Energy
Policy
Domestic Security of
Industry
Participation Supply

Proliferation Affordable
resistance & electricity
physical cost
protection (cent/kWh)

Introduction of the first

Nuclear Power Plant

Public Economic
Competitive
acceptance ness

Viable
Safety financing
scheme

Radwaste
Management

IAEA 29
Answers Needed Prior to Deployment
• What are the pathways to licensing?
• How soon will a commercial product be
available?
• How to prove competitiveness?
• Are the grid requirements in developing
countries understood and can the
technology being offered meet them?
• What operational issues are expected and
how will they be addressed?
IAEA 30
Product Requirements
Examples of Key Requirements in SMR Descriptions:
• Lower upfront capital cost
• Capital cost confidence
• Readily available supply chain
• Off-the-shelf components
• Fewer large components
• Shorter construction schedule
• Factory constructed transportable modules
• Simpler to operate and maintain
• Long cycles / short outages

Important to define and quantify product requirements

IAEA 31
Technology Development
Considerations for Development of SMRs:
• Different for the various reactor principal lines:
• Light water reactors
• Heavy water reactors
• Gas cooled reactors
• Liquid metal fast reactors
• Different for the various systems and components
• Active safety systems
• Passive safety systems
• Different depending on construction technologies
• Modularization
• Embedment
• Long cycles / short outages
Technology development requires staffing, facilities,
IAEA time, and regulatory preparedness 32
Safety and Licensing
Aspects relevant for Safety and Licensing:
• Quality Assurance
• Inherent protection / fission product barriers
• New regulations / emerging issues
• Digital instrumentation and controls
• Proliferation resistance and physical protection/security
• Protection against internal and external events
• Defence-in-depth / Diversity
• Common cause failures
• Beyond Design Basis Accident
KEY: A Nuclear safety culture that demonstrate
commitment to safety
IAEA 33
Economic / Generation Costs
Consideration of Overall Power Generation Costs:
• Plant capital cost
• Operations and maintenance costs
• Fixed
• Variables
• Fuel Cycle Cost
• Carrying Charges
• Decommissioning cost

Line-of-sight to compete relative to alternate

Energy Technologies

IAEA 34
Infrastructure and Services
Examples of Infrastructure and Service needs:
• Emergency planning
• Quality assurance
• Regulatory reporting
• Plant security
• Health physics
• Plant staffing
• Supervisors / Senior Operators / Operators / Technicians
• Engineering / Procurement / Administrative Support
• Radwaste processing and disposal
Infrastructure and services need drive toward sharing
among units and/or modules
IAEA 35
Socio-Political Considerations
Examples of Socio-Political Considerations:
• National nuclear energy policy  optimum energy mix
• Energy security
• Environmental / carbon pricing
• Sustainability
• Spent fuel reprocessing / waste disposal
• Proliferation risks
• Safeguards reporting

In the Globalization, socio-political considerations can

transcend country borders …

IAEA 36
Total new capacity at different unit sizes
(Expectations from “User” countries, derived from survey)
100000

90000 New Addition in 2040 - 2050

New Addition in 2025 - 2040
80000
By 2025
Total Capacity (MWe)

70000

60000

50000

40000

30000

20000

10000

0
N≤400 400<N≤700 700<N≤1100 1100<N≤1300 N>1300
Unit Capacity

User Countries – 50 developing countries excluding China/India

IAEA Licensing and SMRs Task Forces Joint
Meeting, London - UK, 12 January 2011
Lessons Learned on Safety
• Station blackout mitigation
• Multiple external initiating events and common cause failures
• Ultimate heat sink for core and containment in post severe accident
• Reliability of emergency power supply
• Optimization of the grace period (i.e. operator coping time)
• Enhanced containment seismic and hydrodynamic strength
• Hybrid passive and active engineered safety features
• Safety viability of multiple-modules – first of a kind engineering
• Wider scenario of Beyond Design Basis Accident (DBA)
• Accident management, emergency response capability and costs
• Seismic and cooling provisions for spent fuel pool
• Hydrogen generation from steam-zirconium reaction; recombiner system
• Environmental impact assessment and expectation
• Control room habitability in post accident transient

IAEA 38
Common User Considerations (CUC)

IAEA 8
 Common User Considerations (CUC)
• Sustainability of the nuclear power programme
• Demand for power generation capacity
• Electrical grid characteristics
• Site Characteristics
• Environmental Impact
• Nuclear safety, regulatory framework, and
licensability
• Radiation protection
• Nuclear fuel cycle policies
• Nuclear Waste Management
• Safeguards
• Security and emergency planning
• National participation, industrial development
• Human resource development
• Economics on the nuclear energy system (NES)
• Financing of NES Projects

IAEA 9
IAEA Response to the Global Trend
• Project 1.1.5.5: Common Technologies and Issues for
SMRs (P&B 2010 – 2011 and 2012 – 2013)
• Objective: To facilitate the development of key
enabling technologies and the resolution of enabling
infrastructure issues common to future SMRs
• Activities (2012 – 2013):
• Formulate roadmap for technology development
• Review newcomer countries requirements, regulatory infrastructure
and business issues
• Define operability-performance, maintainability and constructability
indicators
• Develop guidance to facilitate countries with planning for SMRs
technology implementation
IAEA 41
IAEA’s Project 1.1.5.5 (2010 - 2011)
• Consultancy Meeting on "Status of Innovative SMR Designs with a Potential of
Being Deployed by 2020"
• Date/place: 2 - 4 May 2011 in IAEA – Vienna (DONE)
• Research Coordination Meeting for the CRP on “Development of Advanced
Methodologies for the Assessment of Passive Safety System Performance in
Advanced Reactors (I31018)”
• Date/place: 26 - 28 April 2011 in IAEA – Vienna (DONE)
• TC - Workshop on Advanced Nuclear Reactor Technology for Near Term
Deployment
• Date/place: 4-8 July 2011 in IAEA – Vienna (DONE)
• 3rd Technical Meeting on “Options to Incorporate Intrinsic Proliferation
Resistance Features to NPPs with Innovative SMRs”
• Date/place: 15 - 18 August 2011 in IAEA – Vienna (DONE)
• Technical Meeting on "Options to Enhance Energy Supply Security with NPPs
based on SMRs“(DONE)
• Date/place: 3 -6 October 2011 in IAEA – Vienna
• INPRO Dialog Forum on Nuclear Energy Innovations: Common User
Considerations for SMRs “(Taking place now …)
• Date/place: 10 – 14 October 2011 in IAEA – Vienna
• Workshop on Technology Assessment of SMR for Near Term Deployment
• Date/place: 5 – 9 December 2011 in IAEA – Vienna
• Extra Budgetary Programme from the Republic of Korea
IAEA 42
IAEA’s Project 1.1.5.5 (Publication)
Status Report of Innovative SMR Designs:
• Design features, safety approaches, and
R&D trends
• SMR with Conventional Refuelling
• SMR without On-Site Refuelling

IAEA « 43
IAEA’s Project 1.1.5.5 (Publication)
Selected Common Areas of Technology and
Infrastructure Development:
• Design options to cope with External Events
• Design features to achieve Defense-in-Depth
• Neutronic characteristics, emergency
planning, and development scenario

IAEA « 44
New! Advanced Reactor Information System (ARIS)
• A web-accessible database of comprehensive and balanced
information about all reactor designs and concepts: http://aris.iaea.org/
• Based on the information provided by the developers of each reactor
design/concepts
• Harmonized to result in an unbiased and easy to use source of
information.
Top dome
Shielding
(Containment
plug
vessel)
Secondary
sodium loop of
Secondary
PRACS
sodium
loop Heat exchanger of
PRACS
IHX
Seismic
isolator EM pumps
(Two units in
Ultimate
series)
3 shutdown rod &
2
Fuel subassembly
fixed absorber (the
(18 fuel
central
subassemblies)
RVACS
subassembly) Radial shielding
(Air flow
Movable reflector
path)
(6 sectors):
Coolant inlet - Upper region:
module cavity
- Lower region:
RV & GV
reflector
(GV - containment
vessel)
IAEA « 45
To be published in 2011
1. Booklet on Status of Innovative Small and
Medium Sized Reactors in 2011with Potential
Near Term Deployment – PUBLISHED !!!
• A supplementary to Advanced Reactor Information
System (ARIS)
2. Approaches to Assess Competitiveness of Small
and Medium Sized Reactors (DCT in November 2011)
3. Framework for the Application of Assessment
Methodologies for Proliferation Resistance of
Innovative SMRs (DCT in December 2011)

IAEA « 46
SMR Booklet – Supplementary to ARIS

• Contains status, design

description and main features
of 35 selected SMR designs
• Sorted by type/coolant: LWR,
HWR, GCR, and LMCR
• Sorted by Country of Origin
• Including:
• PHWR-220 • SMART
• PFBR-500 • NuScale
• CAREM • mPower
• KLT-40 • HTR-PM
• 4S • PBMR
• SVBR-100 • IRIS
IAEA • FBNR • PRISM « 47
SMR Booklet – Supplementary to ARIS

IAEA « 48
Conclusions
• SMR is an attractive nuclear power option particularly
for developing countries with small grids and less-
developed infrastructure
• Potential for near-term deployment but much work yet to
be done by stake holders
• Innovative SMR concepts have common technology
development challenges:
• licensability, competitiveness, financing schemes, newcomer countries requirements
• Needs to implement lessons-learned from the
Fukushima Accident into the design, safety, economics,
financing, licensing, and public acceptance for SMRs
• KEY: Technology Development and Deployment that
demonstrate commitment to safety
IAEA 49
… Thank you for your attention.

For inquiries, please contact:

IAEA Dr. M. Hadid Subki <M.Subki@iaea.org> 50