Power : Ce et a SANrMAINS NOLL TI e VLSNIeS Genera SECTION 5 — INSTALLATION GUIDELINES INDEX INSTALLATION GUIDELINES CLASSIFICATION GENERATING SET INSTALLATION CABLE INSTALLATION - EUROPEAN LEGISLATION CABLE CHARACTERISTICS INSULATION AND SLEEVING MATERIALS CABLE VOLTAGE RATING FIRE PROTECTION CHARACTERISTICS SUMMARY OF TERMS USED IN CABLE IDENTIFICATION LOAD CABLE SIZE CABLE INSTALLATION METHODS CABLE SEGREGATION CABLE BUNCHING OR GROUPING CABLE TERMINATION CABLE ENTRY AND EXIT GLANDING PROCEDURE FOR SIZING LOAD CABLE PROTECTION DEVICES FOR LOAD AND LOAD CABLES: IEE WIRING REGULATION RECOMMENDATIONS ADDITIONAL EMERGENCY SYSTEMS FOR GENERATING SET INSTALLATIONS CONTROL AND SWITCHGEAR EARTHING OR GROUNDING SYSTEM EARTHING EQUIPMENT EARTHING LIGHTENING PROTECTION DIESEL GENERATOR NOISE SOURCES. SOUND ATTENUATION NGISE ATTENUATION OF A GENERATING SET SOUND WEIGHTING THE DECIBEL SCALE EUROPEAN LEGISLATION EXHAUST NOISE LEVEL REDUCTION INSTALLATION GUIDIbe INSTALLATION GUIDELINES53 INSTALLATION GUIDELINES In order lo determing the correct generating set for a given application it is important to give careful consideration to the factors affecting the installation of the set An early review of tha proposed generating set installation will increase the probability of getting righL first lime the systems associated with he generalnig sel and avor! expensive and time consuming site problems. Facteré that affect the specification ot a qenarating set anef which need consideration when specilying @ generaling sel include, CABLE SYSTEMS SOUND ATTENUATION FUEL SYSTEMS. COOLING SYSTEMS AIR INTAKE SYSTEMS. EXHAUST SYSTEMS LUBRICATION SYSTEMS ¢ GOVERNING SYSTEMS » STARTING SYSTEMS * ENGINE MOUNTING + Gfthese, two are detailed in this document. CABLE SYSTEMS and SOUND ATTENUATION, [hose remaining relating lu engine systems are addressed u Lie Application and Installation Guide for Generators. INSTALLATION GUIDELINESSS CLASSIFICATION GENERATING SET INSTALLATION Cables eamprising the installation of a generating set are either: 54 + LOAD CABLES These are Neavy duly, raled/té carry Ue loud current wl (ie Gperalling vollage, 4 CONTROL CABLES. ‘These are lighter duty than the lead cables and rated to camry the control currants at the battery vallage CABLE INSTALLATION - EUROPEAN LEGISLATION International recommendations in the form af IEG-36e specify the requirements for electrical installation wiring, In Europe CENELEC specily (hese natiunal requirements in the form of CENELEC-384, Each European country has is own implementation of these: requirements. In the UK BS7674 - The IEE Witing regulations dictate the requirements for all domestic, commercial and industrial electrical wiring installaticn. IN CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES IT IS A LEGAL REQUIREMENT THAT ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION WIRING WORK IS CARRIED OUT BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL. FAILURE TO CARRY OUT ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS IN ACCORDANCE WITH DEFINED STANDARDS CAN BE DANGEROUS: AND MAY RENDER THE PERSONNEL CONCERNED LIABLE TO CRIMINAL AND CIVIL PENALTIES. INSTALLATION GUIDELINESa CABLE CHARACTERISTICS CURRENT CARRYING CAPACITY Gables are available in ranges of operating rating determined by the thermal rating of the insulator. THE CURRENT CARRYING CAPACITY of a given cable is properlional to the cross sectional area of the cable, lhe length of the cable 1un used and the resistivity of (he cable, and the method of installation, The current carrying capacity of a cable should always be greater than tha full load current of the load {ane under the breaking capacity of the protection system}. The continuous raling of the cable is dependent on the way heat is generated in the cable an¢ haw effective the surrounding material s in dissipating this heat, The followine factors affect the currant carrying capacity of cable: * CONDUCTOR MATERIAL Aluirnum er capper * INSULATION MATERIAL The thermal conduchun properlies of lhe insulalion material wil affect the current carrying capacity of the cable, See further notes. * THE NATURE OF PROTECTIVE FINISHES, SHEATHING AND ARMOUR The thermal conductive properties of the Insulation material will aflect the current carrying capacity of the cable. « THE AMBIENT TEMPERATURE The ambient ternperalure vw Alect the thermal efficiency of the cooling of the cable tol the ambient, « THE METHOD OF INSULATION - OPEN AIR, BURIED IN TRENCHES WITH OTHER CABLES, A cable operating In the open air will coal more effectively than ane buried! in the greuad and bunched with other such cables. Derating inusl be applied lo cables which are bunched or buried, OPERATING TEMPERATURE This is defined as the temperature up to which a cable can carry its rated current. Above this tamperatura the currant camying capacity must be reduced, or DERATED, manulaclurers provide deraling lables SELF IGNITION This is defined as the temperature at which the insertion of a cable will ignite. This temperature is far in excess nf the operating temperature ‘Sell ignition will occur ita cable is allowed to continuously conduet in far in exvess of ils raled current, SLEEVING NSULATOR INSTALLATION GUIDELINES¢ Power | INSULATION AND SLEEVING MATERIALS In aetuitien to the insulation of the cable, a protective sleeve is often added ower the cable ingulation, This acts as either a physical protective encapsulation ora bering for a further armoured encapsulation. The cable insulalion and slveving mmalenal used influences the rating of the cable. Materials for cable insulatian and insulation materials in aammon use are either thermoplastic of elastamer Some nf tha more common are: 56 THERMOPLASTIC MATERIAL - (hig does not return to ifs original shape in room temperature enee deformed. PVC POLYVINYLCHLORIDE This is the mast widely used Ihernioplastic material, being generally available and cost effective, However. this material emits toxic acidic fumes when Ignited. It operating temperatura is limitad to TOK. Disarivantage - IL cannol be inslalled in freezing conditions ELASTOMER MATERIAL - thi will return te its original shane in roam temperature after deformation. EPR - ETHYLENE PROPYLENE RUBBER This is.as flexible as natural rubber fut has higher aperating temperatures XLPE CROSS LINKED POLYETHYLENE This is less flexible than EPR, Chas higher operating short circuit lemiperalure, therefore a reduction on cross sectional area can he gainad over PVG insulated cables, useful for hunshing cables into a limited space, XLPE will burn readily but has low smoke and fume ernission characteristic compared wilh [VC. CSP CHOLROSULPHANATED POLYETHYLENE This is used as a sleeving material, especially in marine applications. tis generally marketed on the stranglh of ils high resislance lo oil. heal and flame retardant characlenslics PCP POLYCHOLOROPRENE This has a similar resistance fo heat and ail to CSP with the added benefit of being particularly highly rasistive to abr MATERIAL | SELF- | MINIMUM TEMP LIMITING IGNITION oF TEMPERATURES INSTALLATION ToL | CONT. SHORT USE | CIRCUIT USE (5s) Puc senesuec [uC [yore [740-160°C EPR. 40026 40°C goo | 25nec *LPE 350°C 40 guG 250°C | GSP 400°C 35°C B5°G | 250°C POP 400°C AGC BoC | abe INSTALLATION GUIDELINESez CABLE VOLTAGE RATING a7 LOW VOLTAGE CABLES TO 600 PVC ingulatad cables is widely available for ratings upto G00 These cables are available in the UK to either an armoured or non armoured specification, ARMOURED 6600/7000 volts to BSG246 suitable for installation in the ground, ducts or air NON-ARMOURED 450/750 volts lo BSBOO4 suitable for installation only where there is litte risk of mechanical damage, HIGH VOLTAGE CABLES TO 3.3KV XLPE of HEPR hard ethylene propylene rubber insulated cables are widely available up ta 3.3kV. Armoured cables ta 3.2kV to BS 5407 with a PYC bedding HIGH VOLTAGE GABLES FROM 3.3 TO 33KV Gables rated from 6 Gk to 33kV are screened with _ XLPE insulation, a semiconductor layer, copper tape, PWC bedding and galvanized stee! amor with a PVG outer sheath. HY cables in accordance with BS6622 and a similar but not equivalent standard IFC 802 INSTALLATION GUIDELINES:c= IRE PROTECTION CHARACTERISTICS In certain applications it is essential that the fire performance af the cable is considered so that fhe cable does nat amit smoke or propagate fire. Fire performance cables are classified as follows: FIRE RESISTANCE IEC 337 These cables must resist a gas flame of 750°C for three hours FLAME RETARDANT IEG 332-4 Thase cables must self extinguish and nol add ly the hazard uf lhe fire REDUCED FLAME PROPAGATION IEG 332-3 These must limit flame propagation whan bunched LOW SMOKE ZERO HALOGEN These cables must have low smoke emissions and incorparate halogen free compounds. Halogen smoke is asidia A acidin gas content af 0.5% for these cables is typinal (IEC?FS4-1) PVC has acidic gas vonlent of around 20%. INSTALLATION GUIDELINESan SUMMARY OF TERMS USED IN CABLE IDENTIFICATION ACRONYM [MEANING ___| NOTES a] CPE ‘vhiurialed polyethylene cSP chierasulphanaied polpetiylene EPR velhylene propylene rubber ETFE elhylene propylene rubber FP fire: performance: = FR fine fetardant HOFR heal wil resistant and flame retardant LOPE low density pubvellivlene | made io BOS TA LSF low smoke und [umes na halogens in _ insulation LSOH low smoke ero halugen, ML runner eal iris ules tees NH _ non halogen PILG paper insulated lead mada to ASAAA0 with covered PYC sheath PTFE polylelralluorostaylene PVG polyvinylohloride widely sad suitable far — 70°C to BSG346 RS Tredueed smoke SA single wire armoured — | usually sicel or aluminum tinned copper wire braid tough rubber sheath “tine cl wire braid seulceniced rubber lo BSo46¢ cross linked suitable for 90°C olyethylene INSTALLATION GUIDELINES5.10 LOAD CABLE SIZE The factors influencing the size af a conductor for any installation are: TEMPERATURE Above the operaling lernperalure of the cable a derate is necessary CONTINUOUS SHORT TERM AND GYGLIC LOADING The cument carrying capacity of the cable must he rated above the: maximum specified fault currant in the system, THE TYPE OF PROTECTION AFFORDED AGAINST OVERLOAD CURRENT AND THE FAULT CURRENT OF THE SYSTEM The cument carrying capacity and the voltage withstand of a given cable must not he excaeded. These operating restrictions should be earelully considered when specifying the proleclion devices an the generator system. In particular the overcurrent protection system implemented will dictate the maximum cuiment carrying capacity of the Inad cables. The cables should ha selacted to operate st above the avervollage Lrip threshold of the sysiert VOLTAGE DROP CONSIDERATIONS Load cable runs should be Kept as shart as possible The inherent resistance in copparcandctors, thaugh small, will add up in extensive cable runs. The minute resistance in one unit length of cable will saan resull in a noticeable vollage drop In an installation of comprising several meters of load cable linking a remote generator with Its load Where distance between he Inad is unavoidable, cable with a very love resistance, or more of the same cable in pereilel will be necessary to actieve le necessary operating voltage at the terminals of the load. OPERATING VOLTAGE Like all insulating materials cable slaeving and insulation will break down and conduct electricity i! the polenlal across il is mcreased sufficiently, ‘Cables are rated for LV’ of HY operation and further classified down into ‘operating voltages. The rated voltage of a cable should nevar be exceeded as this can lrad to breakdown of the insertion. 1M Th iM f i CABLE | Aa AAA OUNAA WV EQUIVALENT oor 01 0.01 a 21 ¢ INSTALLATION GUIDELINES‘CABLE INSTALLATION METHODS Gable is installed in an numbar of ways: * OPEN RUNS DIRECTLY ATTACHED TO STRUCTURAL SURFACES @ WALLS BEAMS AND CEILINGS. IN TRENCHES OPEN ENCLOSED AND FILLED. ON CABLE TRAYS IN UNDERGROUND DUCTS IN METALLIC OR PLASTIC CONTAINERS OR CONDUITS. The most suilable ineltiod for cable installation dapands on the cable and the application. Those qualified in the IEE winng reguiations should ba consulted for tha best method af cable installation (IEE in UK only), RIGHT a & Fook pe ‘fmm => An-example of the Incorrect (left) and the correct (right) way of installing a Toler, molorstarter andl switch, The correct method of cabie instalation r 5 on correct cable rating and derating far BUNGHING and GROUPING in 6 addition to environmental faclors. good TERMINATION, SEGREGATION and GLANDING, —— WRONG | eo o INSTALLATION GUIDELINES:S Power CABLE SEGREGATION Provision must be made for segregation of cables to avoid physical and inductive and electrical contact. In parlicular fire alarm, telccanrmunications cables and other control cabling i 2 kept separate from high voltage or high current load cables. This must be dane to keep dawn the level of inlererenee which is coupled inta the control cables. Inlerference and noise coupling can occur as. a result of FAST CURRENT CHANGES IN THE LOAD CABLES WHICH CREATE A STRONG ASSOCIATED ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD THAT WILL ACT TO INDUCE A VOLTAGE IN NEARBY CABLES This consequences of coupled noise can be INTERMITTENT AND DIFFICULT TO TROUBLE SHOOT NUISANCE CONTROL ACTIONS, SUCH AS BREAKER TRIPS AND SHUTDOWNS: WHEN RUNNING IN STANDBY ‘Special precautions should be taken in routing cables vtere there is a mix of central and Inarl rables. In parliculer NEVER * ROUTE CONTROL AND LOAD GABLES IM CLOSE PROXIMITY PARALLEL RUN OVER LONG DISTANCES. * USE THE SAME MULTICORE CABLE FOR SUPPLY AG VOLTAGE (EITHER GENERATOR OR UTILITY} AND CONTROL SIGNAL LEVEL VOLTAGES OR DG. The IEE Regulations specify Wiree categories of cabling which should never he grouped will high eurrent circuits CATEGORY { Low Voltage circuits (oltier than for fire or emergency lighting clrouits) fad from the mains supply. CATEGORY 2 Extra low voltage or telecammunication circuits fed rem a safely Source (for example telephone line connections und serial data cable for telemetry systems } CATEGORY 3 Fire alerm anid emergency lighting circuits INSTALLATION GUIDELINESEe CABLE BUNCHING OR GROUPING on a The current carrying capacity of cable assumes that the cable is run in free aif which will allow the dissipation of heat qanarated as a result of the load currant and the cable resistance, In order lo cosl eflechvely carry the current from & generator to the load, mulliple cables are often used in preference to ‘one single cable. Multiple cables used in this way are run together hetween the generator and the load In a bunch or grup. The effact af BUNCHING ar GROUPING the multiple cables together in the run between generalor and load will elfeclively reduce the ability of the individual cables to dissipate heat For this reason a derate to the current carrying capacity of the cables in the BUNCH must be applied in order to find the equivalent sata current carrying Capacity ofthe cable bunch. These will be specified by the cable: manufacturer for gable bunches of up lo 12, {four cables per phase ona three phase system.) The derate for cable bunching shauld be applied in ADDITION to any necessary derate for ambient temperature. Bunghing i nel always necessary, separation by more than 2x cable diameler ngans no derate nece be applic. In ardition. for a buch, if tha cable is to only carry 30% or less of ils raling {unebunched), then no bure iq derale need be applied, 41 CABLE 304 RATING 30 A RATING EACH 8 CABLES: BUNGHED RATING 194 EACH CORRECT SPACING IN CORRECT SPACING INSTALLATION GUIDELINES< Power a GABLE TERMINATION Termination of load cables shoul) meet the follnwing requirements: * ELECTRICALLY CONNECT THE INSULATED CABLE CONDUCTORS THE ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT. PHYSICALLY PROTECT AND SUPPORT THE END OF THE CABLE CABLE CONDUCTOR EFFECTIVELY CONTROL ELECTRICAL STRESSES TO GIVE DIELECTRIC STRENGTH REQUIRED FOR THE INSULATION LEVEL OF THE GABLE. WHERE CABLE IS TERMINATED ONTO A GENERATOR BREAKER WHICH IS MOUNTED ON THE ALTERNATOR AND SEPARATED FROM THE BEDFRAME WITH ANTI-VIBRATION MOUNTS, THEN RIGID ARMOURED CABLE MUST NOT BE USED DIRECTLY ON THE BREAKER. IN THIS SITUATION A PIECE OF FLEXIBLE LINKING CABLE SHOULD BE USED BETWEEN THE RIGID ARMOURED CABLE AND THE VIBRATION MOUNTED BREAKER, 544 * PHYSICAL CABLE a GLAMP TT} CLAMP SUPPORT Boob. ELECTRICAL CONTACT This is one example of cable termination for a control cable. CRIMP LUGS are widely used for power cables INSTALLATION GUIDELINES:ENTRY AND EXIT GLANDING Installation requiations require that single cure cables entering ferrous engiosures are so arranged gu Hat they are not separated by ferraus inva ill Ferrous materials surrounding Inad cables are influenced by the electromagnetic field surrounding the cable, EDDY GURRENTS are established in the ferraus material which can result in undesirable heating ane) current flow in the cable encinsure Ideal glanding materials are non-ferromagnetie capper, brass. paxolia aluminunt or hardwood, If steel must be used it should be slotted to expand oF eliminate the path of eddy current Polymeric cables should be glanded using compression glands. The material ol the gland itiust be vuinpalible with tho cable armor. Non metallic giancl plates must be fitted with earth tags. Phase to earth faults cause current lv flow along the armor cable and through the termination gland inte the earth system The gland must therefore be capable of wiltislandiag the phase fault current of the system, =a; FERROUS es >) 5 NON FERROUS INSTALLATION GUIDELINESPROCEDURE FOR SIZING LOAD CABLE © Calculate the maxinum demand taking into account diversity where appropriale: * Delermine fron lhe electucily supply company whether a supply can be made available for the maximum denvand required. Alsu obtain the following information: + The type of supply and frequency, is it single-phase ur three-phase Tourer, 5060 He + The earthing arrangement, i.e. the type of system of which the installation will he part + The rating and type of the cut out (fuse) at the origin af the installation » The single-phase prospective short-circuit current al the origin, ® The three-phase prospeviive shorl-circuil current if the supply is three phase. «The maximum carth logp impedanve Ze al the urigin. «Work out the distibution arrangement. trying to place distribution boards near the heaviest loads * Determine the type of protective devices that are going to be used throughout the installation @ Determine which circuils are being protected against overload and short circuit current and those which are being protected only ageinsl shor circuit current. + Determine what derating factors are applicable to cach circuit. + Calculate the size of live conductors for each circuit * Calzulste the voltage drop for each circuit, checking that it is acceptable © Check that the conduetnes chosen are protected againet short-circuit urresnt. ® Calculale the size of protective conductors to be used throgheut the installation «Cheek that the circuits give protection against indirect contact, + Size main cquipotential bonding conductors and determing ilerns to be bonrled INSTALLATION GUIDELINES» Check if there are any spacial situations and if there are, size supplementary bonding sonductors, + Check whether any distrbuliun boards are supplying circuits which are & mixture of slalionary equipment, socket outlets and ar partabla equipment intended for manual rroverent during use, or hand-held Class 1 equipment and decide whether: » to limit the CPC impedance in accordance will IEE Table 410 or.to Install from the disintsutien boar equipotential bonding conductors af lhe surne size and to the same extvaneous conduetive parts as tha main eguipotential banding conductors « Determine positions of switches, isolators and emergency slop bulluns, «This is. a general list and there will ha cases where all of Ihe above ites will not apply for example, where IEE Regulatian 4753-02-04 allows certain circuits: nol to be prolecled against fault current. INSTALLATION GUIDELINES& Power PROTECTION DEVICES FOR LOAD AND LOAD CABLES HRC FUSES High Rupluring Capacily (HRC) Fuses will give protection against overload and are also capable of clearing short circuits quickly and safely up ta their rated breaking capacity loa \ 5.18 Boa g ta 198 1989 19000 PROSMEGTIVE FAULT GURRERT (a! MCBS Minidlure cirowil breakers have characteristics similarly HRC fuses. These devices are fitted with thermo magnetic rips similar to main line MCCBs for generatars, sue 10 12 TIME «33 2 fo 108 4090 10000 PROSHEC IE PAULI CURRENT (As INSTALLATION GUIDELINESEin o a IEF WIRING REGULATION RECOMMENDATIONS Following are a selection of useful tables form the IEE wiring reguilatinns which detail protection requirements current carrying capacities and vollage drops of standard cables. of fuse elernents of plain or tinned copper wine for use in semi- enclosed fuses (IEE Table S34) (Te BS 3036) Nominal surrent of fuse (A) 3.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 45.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 Nominal diameter of wire (mm) 0.45 0.20 0.35 0.50 0.60 0.75 0.85 1.25 1.58 4.80 2.00 Note: The manufacturers should ba consulted as to the correct size of fuse wire to use in thelr fuse holders, Using a larger cross-sectional area of fuse wire than racommended by the marmufacturer will lead to bun protection and a fire risk. g af the fuse holder, loss of IEE - derate tables for re-wireable fuses INSTALLATION GUIDELINESNMSGIND ROLLATTYLSNI 268 og Foo 205 ar ‘f - OOF (fb Fob ces ant EE ‘e8g ont ouP cor ta oe 3z one t9¢ at z3¢ 58 eae Bee a8, Bie 652 He ea Bua on ue oe 56e ane cad eel On. gee ene ase BL Csb 29k $6 96h fal az & s3t aL oe est Og} beE ao) Bh feb ALL oe 98 ere Bb ae BE i a Se: HOE SLE 2k 08 a8 it Se 08 #5 oe za 69 ae a. 08 aL 2 oF a oF Oe er oF re as ve aE ag s2 a ae 361 6. aL ore ob ek v ¥ ¥ ¥ 6: 8 & 3 ? £ 2 23 are os eye oe aseud 0 os2ue ee ee ee aang 2iae0 sig 26> ney aceLL ais ene, geaudeUE ca 1Q) einen, Lae ‘ame Seeks (ub we ges roa amme Lio Veaue auras) beso | BlOE-CT sucoloaay alomeant b siocdong e eau) ¢) pou (Sureunuy at16 Em 90 [oe ° 4 (Hen ae peor (08.18 pada) a ua-upuee i Fasnjouey ucsase-ss0.5 Bua) b) poue A eoURIBeE F poureyy Sousur sy pasoeus) 2 poupey, Sousa}, yreL Uae aganpus:) TEE SIrPInAL | Slideieiio sapNauED D,08 Tees Lequiy (ozs Sa ‘ares $9 ‘PONE Sal (¥zar ame aal (suojonpuog adds) Saunoue-UOU 'S8I989 9e1NELEOAd SvOOMIMLL Joy Sado eOeOn pues TS StL deo EuIKNeS- ue oe TWONV S3NSua4ay 135 HOLVHENES: Bde DUAL EOqUELASSANIT INS NOLLVTTLSN jo Bingo Sunessste acomauoa w sop OmTSH aE TRL gH OT SINNED 3 POEM eustew Joneute siqes sie LM, PapAPSU| BeayoIOL | ue BLES, nd JOU st une sn sd jo getuon ee "te3e: bois xomLeT femjessoats MEISE, lat, bo pute ne op onze map eo di og age tna sto szvo ook Siva Sho cLhO sel gsho bee O60 soho 6h Oo sz DELO io ozo €2°0 nero gO oo se0 sero ge 0 aco er'd 70 0 £50 $30 £90 LB0 080 £60 ont ore seb Os'L Os’ sab ee rr ? el sé tb cg al gz 92 62 eh oe. Pe iy Aw tuts E ¢ £ Bare jeug yes “orp aiqro =BROLD oe ASEYS SaUYL O[qET 2109-1, 19 “SOL o'2 seule aiBurs siqes aicz-OMy Bsoo-OrAL Jojorpucsy Taryn) scope,” _Cazar S MEL aay (PSAUALOG) AWONVW J9N3Ha44u 13S HOLVHANAD uu “6GIND NOL TIVE Tae BAS O88 ES Tor cay eos ber 18 cos Ser ale oor Bee abz Bee Bek ake sok a8 Bat 998 8 ese a8 38% ee 282 ce ae ise Lez HEE ERz 56 bez zz oz ne) Bab 0g eh Bb se ez BEL sz a 88 s zu as cs 55 ze 5 Le ze + le = ze iL a i 3 + z oe eee Ec rea aeud f -2e4) ‘a1aea su-o's aseyd “ee. '9icH2 soe aseue 1 too -aldins “aige aires alae so -e2y | 10-08 | oak uC (are 664) 1 anki soumiaay feuonzes ie “ABA ges pewexuoy E=eIOpad 8 u eaten U1 pouiey, couse (mene peddys) | FoUIpY sous retsnpuesy 2.62 ‘tunyerauuey Sugavedo soyanaueg {(seuadue) sonjoedes SuvesquEnng O.08 Sunjeisdus) Lain évar age, 33) ww : (s10}9npuos seddes) sajqeo pareinsui-g Ad PesnoUe aisopinU Joy sdosp offeyOA pue SaNioedes BuAueoquain5 ae TINY 39NaHa4ay 13S YOLVUENSDSSNITECIND NOMS T9185 OOh 0 i) oe Soro ae alc veo Sele sero owe boo 590 vO ogo cere caro ave 8z0 zo o3V0 ea 3a ag] ad 5SL0 oz oa 3e fee 5310 ea a2 era ae aro ssh0 oro 3 230 ee 290 caro ea oe Lao cae reo s3h0 50 25 cre ae savo set Sb ae cst os cro Seb grb aE = x ’ z x 4 be az BE aL ee er PF El ro 2 az 3 eb u ie F 3h eo aL z 5 Bz 2 1 au ju AL u . © z T euciye99.93019 2o'e SSEYC BEN 3/qeo E10N- NgY 3 “BLL are ast yd aj6urs sige cic om) sonn2ue3, i ee) Sdoup Ho (SeCh SHMEL SAI) {penunvES) wv ces TWONWA SONFYAI3Y LAS YOLYYANSDSENNAGING NOLUVTTYLSN| oP Peace YOU SSOP Joe, voeds Bun maeL 24 J2\9 Wore aq pInous fayiele Ut Sarqe Je /squINL BLY "ALeAE J84/3 2 Babul sais pue 2 ga Jo aod a OL = OOF $2 X0Cb Os KOC 4 b P = L 1 penuens t @ EPL Uonpinsulzeagn 5.99 zea Sues PL + pies oe soqeinst fa 104 Torun z ssimae) Suwic) sy Qu Au psa 9 fara Ban Rulon, Jo Ic SUOUpLe0 2m, Walp YoLs JopN aula JOR PUES wine SUSSsLSug Joey 3 : “SOUP, FETE Su;Uny SORE ES 2.0L Wa, eee Bigee #4 jo uns @Ly Gmpsooss 10-6) snbe 421 jeu at S9]qP9 Af SICPOUILERIE ALL AUPSIES Ifo: LaLa CULM 10 97-5 Al) 71 SIQE | 01 ueAIB Bunyan 20) S98] ef UUM eLedLing Fm POLICY Us SUOLIEA aMqED BUR IE PPe ‘age sono) sie deuddeeui upyae “ona a) nul 30) BIE ES JO Scr eP panuans oe ERIS » zz So gh : BOT cotenuriy sakloy sxe 20.8 [Pung sas 850: ade : oe. sweprgu0s sreg loverzas- $80.9, (eanaur goo) Jad suns) sourysisey —_ = = Tie 8G = Hoo ps 10) SoURIEES we Ouue-odcous eure Je “ouru 3udiRns Guat 30) abi) 2 eC) veG NVI SONadasday aS YOLYYSNSSSE Power 5.25 ADDITIONAL EMERGENCY $YSTEMS FOR GENERATING SET INSTALLATIONS Each country has its own codes and standards, laws and raquiations governing the design of buildings for fire prevention fire alarm systems and @ fre extinguishing. Insurance companies can be valuable sources of information in determining which regulations apply to which type of installation. In particular for generating set installations It Ig almnst akways necessary to comply with Iocal fire prevention legislation INSTALLATION GUIDELINESGS Power CONTROL AND SWITCHGEAR Installation of control and switchgear should ALLOW CLEARANCE FOR CABLE PULLING, ESPECIALLY WHERE HIGH CURRENT LOAD CABLES ARE TO BE USED WHICH HAVE LARGE BENDING RADI. ALLOW AT LEAST 1.5M IN FRONT OF CONTROL PANELS FOR ACCESS AND OPERATION. SET DOWN CONTROL PANELS ON LEVEL GROUND, ESPECIALLY WHERE MULTIPLE BUS BAR CONNECTION SYSTEMS ARE USED, THIS AVOID UNNECESSARY STRESS ON THE BUS BARS, VENTILATION SYSTEMS FOR CONTROL ROOMS SHOULD ENSURE AT LEAST FIVE AIR GHANGES PER HOUR, FLOOR LOADING SHOULD BE INVESTIGATED TO ENSURE THE DESIGNATED STANDING OF THE CONTROL SYSTEM WiLL SUPPORT THE WEIGHT OF THE SYSTEM. CHECK OR TIGHTEN ALL BUS BAR JOINTS AFTER INSTALLATION TO THE CORRECT TORQUE. 5 Pf TOP GABLE AGOFSS iuepiene. REAR CABLE Access Tor . [ AG SS ’ Fe SIDF GARLE ACCESS: ACCESS Sine = HEIGHT OF METERS x 7 ACCES S FRONT \/ ra FLOOR UNDCR GABLE LOADING ACCESS INSTALLATION GUIDELINES:E Power EARTHING OR GROUNDING An efleclive eaili syslern is one thal ensures at all times an immediate discharge of electrical energy without danger ta the fives or health af personnel operating within the installation Gnod sannertions te earth should have: + ALOW ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE TO THE PATH OF LIGHTNING OR FAULT CURRENTS GOOD CORROSION RESISTANCE + ABILITY TO CARRY HIGH CURRENT REPEATEDLY + THE ABILITY TO PERFORM THE LISTED FUNCTIONS FOR THE LIFE OF THE INSTALLATION WITHOUT DEGRADATION The earth conduelor of 4 generaling sel syslein ane! all subsidiary earth vormections should be sized in accordance with local safely legislation, The IEE Regulations should be used In the absence of sperific Ineal lagislation SYSTEM EARTHING This. term is used to describa the way In which the ganarator sat system is connected ta earth. Installations either have their neutral connected to earth or operate with an unearthed neutral in marine cases. Diesel electric generators for use an land should he intantionally earthed via solid conductor link or resistance in the case of HY sels EQUIPMENT EARTHING This. term is used to describe lhe corineclion of the enclosures of electrical equipinent to earth for safely reasons, In such context the enclosure of a piece of equipment acts 2s a PROTECTIVE CONDUCTOR. Protective conducters in an installation connect tagather any ot the following: exposed conductive parts whieh are nial live bul caukd become live in faull voriuitivns. conductors which do not form part of the electrical system bul which are fable to intraduce @ potential thrnugh magnetic and capacitive coupling. the main earth terminal each wieclrodes earth point of the supply source BONDING CONDUCTORS act to ensure thal a dangerous polential Uillerance carinol exisl belween the earthed metalwork of the installation and ather conductive parts of other services such as water an gas pipes Bonding in this way ensures that circuit protection clevicas will operate: in the: instance nf anntact between live conductors and olher melahyork. This minimizes the: risk of edectrie: shea. INS LALLA TION GUIDELINES5. 28 LIGHTNING PROTECTIGN The purpose of lightning protection is to reduce destructive effect of a Lightning strike on the installation by conducting the lightning discharge directly to earth Lightning protection is detailed in BSB6S 1 There are four basic coniponents of a lightning protection system AIR TERMINATION NETWORKS This is intended to intercept the lightning strike Currant racemmendations call for horizontal canductors aver the raat of an installalion which rs never more than SM sway Iruin the uf al any peint, DOWN CONDUCTORS This conducts the Jightning discharge fram the air termination network te the earth point. The conductor should take the most direct route. The conductors should be symmetrically spaced around a building. Loops should be avoided, Each down conductor should haye its own earth connection point BONDING TO PREVENT SIDE FLASHING Side flashing form a down conductor will oocur when a lightning diseharae finds an allernalive low impedance path to earth via other metalwork near to adown conductor. Where isolation by cistance is net possible, then a knnd hetween the metal work an the system should be fitted, EARTH TERMINATION NETWORKS The effectiveness of the termination of the down conductor inta the earth is largely dependent on the resitivity of the soil at that point. The resistivity at sail ig affected hy: PHYSICAL COMPOSITION Ash coke arid carbon conlent increase conductivity MOISTURE CONTENT moisture between 5 and 40% Is typically found increased moisture increases conductivity (sandy soils have poor conductivity}. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION There are additives which an be put inte the soil to increase its electrolytic properties and increase conductivity TEMPERATURE AND DEPTH Warner soil conducts beller arid tHe deeper the soil level the lower its jesistance, The traditional earth rod is about 24M. At this depth the resistivity decreases. INSTALLATION GUIDELINESDIESEL GENERATOR NOISE SQURGES Noise emissions form a dies AIRBORNE Comprising EXHAUST NOISE Prupagated from the pulsating exhaust gases MEGHANICAL NOISE Propagated fram the engine, allernalur and enclosure panels RADIATOR NOISE From the movement of cooling air by the radiator fan, STRUCTURE BORNE Cause by the transmission al vibration fron the machine threugh the supporting structure end emanating from the structure generator can he categorized as: SOUND ATTENUATION Legislation exisls across Europe ta control environmental noise pollution This Iegislation ompowers lacal authorities tn sat limits for noise emissions as part of overall planing consideratians. General allowable noise levels are determined by public tolerance salely corvsrderalions and opinions of the local authority, These are normally related to the ambient noise level of the aiea and will Inevitably change between day and night tims. The oommunily tolerance levels of the nighttime baing understandably less then (Hose of the day time levals From a healt and safety perspective, European legislation currently states that 9008 for eight hours a day will damage hearing The cast at cornplying wilh such requirements will depend upon the prapased ovation uf the yenerater installation and its operating periad day, night or both. The ambient (background) noise ata particular location will play a large part in determining the degree ol sound allenualivn required for the ganerating set installation. World wide legislation varies fram country to cauntry but as a louse guide, local authorities attempt fo limit the noise introduced by plan and equipment fo ne more than about 10a. The ambient neise climate in different parts of a country will vary quile considerably: INSTALLATION GUIDELINESe NOISE ATTENUATION OF A GENERATING SET The noise sources of a ganerator are treater in the following ways te reduce Ihe noise levels lo wilhin limils called for by legislation, AIRBORNE 5.30 EXHAUST NOISE This is reduced by titling 2 mutfler or silencer. MECHANICAL NOISE & RADIATOR NOISE ‘This is reduced by fitting 2 sound proofed enclosure around the generating set and acnustically treating the base In cther installations urhere this is not possible the ronm hausing he generating set is titled wilh nuise reducing materials and dir inlel ang gullet nuise reducing attenuators. STRUCTURE BORNE This noise is redubed by Tilting arilievibiration mountings belween the engine and bedirame to reduce the vibrations condurted inly the installation housing or structure SOUND POWER LEVEL (SWL} Sound power level defines the (otal acoustic power emilled by a souree and is independent of its location SL = blog = POWER EMITTED BY THE SOUND SOURCE 10" WATT [REFERENCE POWER} SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL (SPL} Sound pressure fevel depends upun the distance from the sound source and upon the environment, e.g. losses in the tansmitting medium, room effects atc. andis always specified at a given point SPL =20Loy MEASURED PRESSURE 0.0002)bar (REFERENCE PRESSURE} f generator produces 1000BA at 1M, the sound pressure level at 2M will be: approximately 94cBA AS A GENERAL GUIDE: SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL DECREASES BY SdBA BY DOUBLING THE DISTANCE FROM THE SOUND SOURCE, INSTALLATION GUIDELINES.5.31 SOUND WEIGHTING Sound pressure levels measured at ¢ given distance tram the souree by a sound lavel meter are registered in a linear mariner, These would be perraived by the human eer with variable sensitivity over the range of irequencies comprising the ngise, That is. the human will net perceive all freguericies of equal pawer as being equally loud. For this reasan, internationally agreed WEIGHTING NETWORKS are applied lo sound pressure level readings. These weighlings are designated A, B, Cand D. ‘The A WEIGHTING js in common use for industrial steady state noise such as (hat emilted from a diesel generating set Industrial sound pressure meters are available with A weighting fitars in order to directly read the A weighted naise fram a source. Aweighted sound pressure lovels are designated 48 dBA The A weighting conection factors are as follows: Octave 63 125 250 500 1k 2k 4k 8k band cantar Frequency “ — Be a ee cc) a weigtiling conection | Nole Ltat the weighting factors are larger outside of the human hearing range 2k-20KHz. As a general quide the suurtd pressure level adjacent te an unsilenced engine alurie metre is about 1000BA, INSTALLATION GUIDELINESS.42 ¢ Eenaraiion THE DECIBEL SCALE The decibel scale is a logarithmic and nota simple arithmetic scale, and as such two decibel quantities cannot be simply adciec! together in an arithmetic manner. For example consider ceubling the ound pressure level SPL =20Log PL Where P is inilial value of pressure level and PR is reference pressure. So doubling PA gives 2° SPL" ZOLeg — 2P4 this can be expressed as: " SPL’ =20Log PT # 2oLag2 co br SPL’ = initial power 1645 Gonsider doubling the sound power level ‘Where P is initial value of power level and Pris reference power. So doubling [1 gives 20 SL Log = 2PL Pr ihis can be expressed as: SL =Adleg = PL + tOLog2 Pr so SW initial power #308 ‘CHANGE IN SOUND CHANGE IN DB DOUBLE sound power level add 3de DOUBLE sound pressure level add 6 dB DOUBLE the loudness acid 10-6 INSTALLATION GUIDELINESuseful conversion from pressure level to power level: POWER LEVEL(D8) RATIO PRESSURE (DB) _ 1 4.25 INSTALLATION GUIDELINESS Power EUROPEAN LEGISLATION BAISIGIEEC in force since i9A9 Diractive on the approxi ion of the laws ot the Member Sates relating to the permissible sound puwer lewel ef generators S4/535/EEC in force since 1989 Directive on the approximation of the laws ot the Member Sates relating to Ihe permmesible sound power lewel of welding generators, Generator Sound Power Level dBA pW UZ kVA 102 2 ta BRVA 100 B 240 kVA 100 above 740 kVA, 100 ORRXKIEEC Draft directive ennceming the noise of equipment used outdenss This isa two stage directive with one @ new set of levels introduced when the directive cores into force, and another set of levels which will come into force four years after this time Generator Sound Power Leval Sound Power Level dBarpw agaripw Stage 1 Stage 2 O2 KA 95. a2 210 10a, 99 oF 10 = 240 kVA wr ge above 240 kVA 89 89 INSTALLATION GUIDELINESE Power EXHAUST NOISE LEVEL REDUCTION a ee @ In general there are three standard categories of silencer INDUSTRIAL (OR NON-CRITICAL} 12 to 18 dBA altenuation RESIDENTIAL 18 to 25 dRA attenuation CRITICAL 25 lu 35 UBA atlenuation INSTALLATION GUIDELINES