Standard Specification for Coarse Aggregate for Portland Cement Concrete AASHTO DESIGNATION: M 80-87 (1995) 1. SCOPE LA This specification covers coarse aggregate, other than lightweight agere- gale, for use in concrete. Several classes and gradings of coarse aggregate are de- scribed (Notes 1 and 2) NOTE 1—Tis specification is regarded 4s adequate to ensure satisfactory materials for most concrete, It is recognized tha. for ‘eriin work or sm cena repions. i may be ‘either more of less tesricive than needed, NOTE 2—Definitons of terms used in this specification may be found in ASTM Defintions © 125, 1.2. The values stated in S} units are to be regarded as the standard 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 21 AASHTO Standards: M43 Standard Size of Coarse Aggregate for Highway Construction M92. Wire-Cloth Sieves for “esting Purposes 2 Sampling Aggregates T 11 Amount of Material Finer than 75-um (Xo. 200) Sieve in Aggregate 19 Unit Mass and Voids in Agoregate 727 Sieve Analvsis of Fine and Coarse ‘Aggregates 96 Resistance to Abra sions of Small Size Coarse Aggregate by Use of the Los ‘Angeles Machine 58 T 10 Soundness of Agere- sates by Use of So- dium Sulfate or Mag- nesium Sulfate 7112 Clay Lumps and Fria- ble Particles in ‘Aggregate T 113 Lightweight Pieces in Aggregate 22 ASTM Standards: © 125 Terms Relating 10 Concrete and Con- crete Aggregates © 227 Potential Alkali Rea tivity of Cement-Ag- ‘regate Combinations (Mortar-Bar Method) C289 Potential Reactivity of Aggregates (Chemi ‘cal Methods) C295 Petrographic Exami- nation of Aggregate for Concrete © 342 Potential Volume Change of Cement- Aggregate Combinations © 586. Potential Reactivity of Carbonate Rocks for Concrete Aggregates (Rock Cylinder Method) 3. ORDERING INFORMATION 3.1 The purchaser or specifier shall include the following information in the purchase order or contract documents: 3.l.1 Reference to this specification, M 80. and year of issue. 3.12 Grading to be furnished (Size No.) (Section 5.1), . 3.13. Class designation of aggregate (Section 6.1 and Table 1). 3.4 In the case of the sulfate soundness test (Table 1), which salt is to be used, If mone is stated, either salt ‘may be used. 3.1.8 Whether the restriction on re- ‘active materials applies (Section 6.2). and 3.1.6 Any exceptions or additions to this specification, 4. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS 4.1 Coarse aggregate shall consist of ‘gravel. crushed gravel. crushed stone, crushed air-cooled biast-fumace slag, or rushed concrete, or a combination thereof. conforming to the requirements Of this specification 5. GRADING S.1 Coarse aggregates shall conform to the requirements prescribed in M 43 for the size number specified. NOTE 3—The ranges shown im M 43 are by necessity very wide in order to accommo- date nationsvide condiuons. For quality con twol of any specific operation, « producer should develop an average gradation for the paricularsoutce and production facilites, and control the gradation within reasonable toler- ances from this average. Where coarse agare- ‘ate sizes numbers 357 oF 467 are used. the ‘aggregate should be furnished in at least wo separate sizes -a ame eee eee eet ete eel leM30 SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS 9 TABLE 1 _Limits for Deleterious Substances and Physical Property Requirements of Coarse Aggregate for Concrete = ‘Maximum Allowable Percent Chen Sem of Clay Lamp. ‘Seam Cay Lumps (Less Than rable Pariles Material Finer Sulfa clas sand Friable 240 sp gr and Chert Less Than Thin 7S-um Coal and Soundness Designation ___Paruces SSDr 2.40 sp ar SDF (No 200) Sieve ___Ligaite __ Abrasion’ _(5 cycles a‘ 20 30 30 10 03 30 2 8 30 30 30 10 03 x0 2 c so 30 70 Lor 03 0 2 D so 30 100 Lor os 50 2 E 90 = = Loe to. #0 S ~ Cashed arcooled Nasclumce saz excel fom the Hraton suru Thee mas sy redang oF Jig ol ershedsrconicd No umcysag al Be ees han 1150 kg 0 Wn The aig of ag une ane unt mat est sll one oe grading Be tea in he coneree, Abtesion ko gravel cies {Fel oF cused None al Ne erm the et ie oF .2e8 Mok ery COMES 1 the grading or gradings be ved in he cont, When rie tan one fading 1 De we the tn aston ls sal apply ach. Te allowable ims so soundness ll 18 pre Hf zhi le sed He a 0 ead nei the appegie wil he acetal ft mets the inde it La nh aba alle mage self ‘Those limos spi ly ageeEAKs i whch ce aps am pur. They a ol spa o sav htt predomi he. Lieto om sondess of sah agurezacs ml fe Pa sre evn the ah sme im which ey ae any be nen 0 15 Tapa ie Suppo) stints Severe Meee weanerng Exponane ios of ded agree, the mater ter ha he Sm ‘No. 20) sexs ons the dst ration. sel fee of clay of sale his perentage ‘The purchaser ter mast a Re ln geese 0 he eid, a the depres of weahenng epost af ot piel define NOTE $—The purchase or susie. de his Kade the runt or come gga fo pei ae in pee wR ny Wh 4 sup the queens of Te I hs pag imi he unwuntt dterasanes perme 6. DELETERIOUS SUBSTANCES AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 6.1 Coarse aggregates shall conform to the limits given in Table 1 for the class specified. except as provided in Section 6.3 (Notes 4 and 5.) 6.2. Coarse aggregate for use in con- ‘rete that will be subject to wetting, ex- tended exposure to iumid atmosphere, (or contact with moist ground shall not contain any materials that are deleteri- ously reactive with the alkalies in the cement in an amount sufficient to cause exeessive expansion of mortar or con- crete, except that if such materials are present in injurious amounts, the coarse aggregate may be used with a cement containing less than 0.6-percent alkalies calculated as sodium oxide equivalent or with the addition of a material that has bbeea shown to prevent harmful expan- sion due t0 the alkali-aggregate reaction (see Appendix X1). 63 Coarse aggregate having test re- sults exceeding the limits specified in Table 1 may be accepted provided that concrete made with similar aggregate from the same source has given satisfac- tory service when exposed in a similar ‘manner to that to be encountered. of, in the absence of a demonstrable service record—provided that the aggregate pro- duces concrete having satisfactory rele- vant properties when tested in the laboratory. NOTE 6—Relevant properties are those properties ofthe concrete which are important ‘0 the particular application being considered. ASTM Special Technical Publication 1698 provides a discussion of imponant concrete properties. 1. METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING 7A Sample and test the aggregates in accordance with the following meth- ds ofthe American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, except as otherwise provided in this specification. Make the required tests on test samples that comply with require- ‘ments of the designated test methods. ‘The same test sample may be used for sieve analysis and for determination of ‘material finer than the 75-uum (No. 200) sieve. Separated sizes from the sieve analysis may be used in preparation of samples for soundness or abrasion tests. For determination of all other tests and for evaluation of potential alkali reactiv- ity where required, use independent test samples. TAL Sampling—T 2.60 7A2 Grading—T 27. 7.13 Amount of Material Finer than 75-jm (No. 200) Sieve—T 11 TAA. Soundness—T 104 7S. Clay Lumps and Friable Pari- les—T 112. 74.6 Coal and Lignite—T 113, us- ing a liquid of 2.0 specific gravity to remove the panicles of coal and lignite. Only material that is brownish-black, oF black, shall be considered coal or lignite. Coke’ shall not be classed as coal of lignite. "7.1.7 Unit Mass of Slag—T 19 using the procedure for unit mass by rodding or jigging 71.8 Abrosion—T 96 APPENDIX XI. Methods for Evaluating Potential Reactivity of an Aggregate XIL1 A number of methods for de- tecting potential reactivity have been proposed. However, they do not provide quantitative information on the degree of reactivity to be expected or tolerated in service. Therefore. evaluation of po: tential reactivity of an aggregate should be based upon judgment and on the inter- pretation of test data and examination of concrete structures containing 2 combi nation of fine and coarse aggregates and cements for use inthe new work. Results of the following tests will assist in mak ing the evaluavon XLLI_ ASTM Recommended Prac- tice C 295—Cenain materials are known to be reactive with the alkalies in ce- ‘ments. These include the following forms of silica: opal, chalcedony. tidymite. and cristobalte; intermediate to acid (silica- rich) voleanic glass such as is likely to occur in rhyolite, andesite, or dacite: certain constituents of some phyllites. Determination of the presence and quan- tikes of these materials by petrographic ‘examination is helpful in evaluating po- tential alkali reactivity. Some of these ‘materials render an aggregate deleteri- ‘oncly reactive when present in quantities as bitle as 1.0 percent or even less. XLL2 ASTM Method C 289—In SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS this test, aggregates represented by points lying 10 the right of the solid line of Figure 2 of Method C 289 usually should bbe considered potentially reactive. XIL21 [FR exceeds 70, the aggre- {gate is considered potentially reactive if S. is greater than R. X11.2.2 If R. is less than 70, the aggregate is considered potentially reac- tive if S, is greater than 35 + (R,2). X11.23 These criteria conform to the solid line curve given in Figure 2 of Method C 289, The test can be made guickly and, while not completely reli- able in all cases, provides helpful infor- mation, especially where results of the ‘more time-consuming tests are not available, XL13__ ASTM Method C.227—The results of this test when made with high-alkali cement, furnish information ‘on the likelihood of harmful reactions ‘occurring. The alkali content of the ce ‘ment should be substantially above 0.6 percent, and preferably above 0.8 per- cent. expressed as sodium oxide. Com- binations of aggregate and cement ‘which have produced excessive expan sions in this test usually should be con- sidered potentially reactive, While the Inne of demarcation between nonreactive and reactive combinations is not clearly defined. expansion is generally consid cred to be excessive if it exceeds 0.05 percent at 3 months or 0.10 percent in {6 months. Expansions greater than 0.05 percent at 3 months should not be con- sidered excessive where the 6-month ‘expansion remains below 0.10 percent Data for the 3-month tests should be considered only when 6-month results are not available X1.L4 ASTM Test Method C 342— ‘This test method is intended primarily for research concerning the potential expansion of cement-aggregate combina- tions subjected to vanations of tempera- ture and water saturation during storage under prescribed conditions of test, Its use is mainly by those interested in re- search on aggregates that are found in parts of Kansas, Nebraska, lowa, and possibly other adjoining areas. XILL4A1 In addition to its usefulness in research, this test method has" been M80 found useful in the selection of aggre gates of the somcaiied “sand-gravel” type found mainly in some parts of Kansas. "Nebraska, and Jowa, which contain very lite coarse material; generally 5 to 15 percent retained on the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve. Much work has been done on the problems of using these aggregates successfully in concrete and is reported in summary in the “Final Report of Co- operative Tests of Proposed Tentative Method of Test for Potential Volume (Change of Cement-Aggregate Combins- tions,” Appendix to Committee C-9 Re- port, Proceedings. ASTM, Volume 54, 1954, p, 356. It indicates that cement- aggregate combinations ested by this ‘procedure in which expansion equals or ‘exceeds 0.200 percent at an age of 1 year may be considered unsatisfactory for use in concrete exposed to wide varia tions of temperature and degree of satura- tion with water. In that geographical re- ‘gion, the problem has been reduced through the use of partial replacement ‘of the “sand-gravel” with limestone ‘coarse aggregate XLLS- Potential Reactivity of Car- bbonate Aggregates—The reaction of the dolomite in certain carbonate rocks with alkalies in portland cement paste has ‘been found to be associated with deleteri- ‘ous expansion of concrete containing such rocks as coarse aggregate. Carbon ate rocks capable of such reaction pos- esses a characteristic texture and com: position. The characteristic texture is that in which large crystals of dolomite are scattered in a finer-grained matrix of caleite and clay. The characteristic com- position is that in which the carbonate portion consists of substantial amounts of both dolomite and calcite, and the acid-insoluble residue contains a signifi- cant amount of clay. Except in certain areas, such rocks are of relatively infre- quent occurrence and seldom make up 2 significant proportion of the material present in a deposit of rock being consid fered for use in making aggregate for ‘concrete. ASTM Method C 586 has been successfully used in (1) research and Q) preliminary screening of aggregate sources to indicate the presence of mate- ial with a potential for deleterious expansions when used in concrete. — = ee ee ee ee le sé.