1.

remove car lights

When do we need to change car headlights?
ensure safety when traveling at night.
+ Plastic melting headlight bulb: Caused by the built-in temperature in the lampholder, causing
the plastic to melt and cause an electrical short in the holder, there is a great risk of fire. So
when plastic melt occurs in the headlight bulb,
You should take your car in for a replacement right away.
+ Burnt bulbs: In some vehicles, headlight bulbs are made of glass with poor heat dissipation.
When the light bulb operates regularly during a certain night time, it will lead to the
phenomenon that the emitted heat is not absorbed. And it accumulates on the surface of the
bulb, causing the headlight bulb surface to swell and burn the bulb filament. You need to
change the light bulb right away.
How to change car headlights
Changing the headlight bulb is so simple that drivers can do it themselves. The important thing
is that you need to know what type of light bulb your car is and find the right bulb for your car.
You should choose high-quality and genuine bulbs, because low-quality car bulbs are often
manufactured with poor-quality materials, resulting in short lamp life, low light intensity, low
heat and low light.
Low emission and high power consumption
The steps to replace a suitable headlight bulb are as follows:
Step 1 locate the tail light
Headlight holders are usually cylindrical in shape
Once the bonnet is open and it is securely in place, look behind the damaged headlights to find
the location of the bulb holder by following the three power lines.
These are the three power lines going from the lampholder. Lampholders are usually cylindrical
in shape.
Step 2: Unplug the headlight cord
Unplug the headlight cord
The lamp holder is connected to 3 electrical wires. These are the wires that supply power to the
headlights. The lampholder is held in place by a plastic or metal locking pin. Some models fix
the lampholder with a threaded cap.
For the type that uses a plastic latch, there will be a lever on the top of the lampholder. You just
need to use your finger to press the lever down to be able to pull the lamp holder out easily.
With the metal lampholder clip type, you simply pull the metal clip out. Note that you try not to
drop it in the engine compartment or on the ground because it will be difficult to find,
especially when it is dark. With screw-threaded holders, you just need to gently turn the holder
counter-clockwise
Step 3: Remove the old headlight bulb
Remove the damaged headlight bulb
You just need to firmly grasp the shank of the lampholder and remove the old headlight bulb.
There are some cases where you have to rotate slightly to remove the headlight bulb.
2. How to weld car plastic
Plastic is a material that is easily broken and cracked, so how to install broken car plastic. Here,
I will show you the most reliable and cost-effective way to weld plastic, which professional
auto repairers need to know to take care of their customers. Especially with this plastic welding
method, it can be applied to any type of plastic such as hard plastic, abs plastic, ...
Prepare things before welding motorcycle plastic :
 Tin soldering iron or lead soldering iron
 Pencil soldering iron: The soldering iron must be flattened, then slightly bent with a
lead. With such a shape, it is very easy to adjust the plastic that flows out.
( If you have decided to buy a machine to serve the job of welding motorcycle plastic,
you should flatten the welding torch, because you will have to use it many more times ).
  Pin (the kind of document you pin!)
 The plastic piece is similar to the plastic part you need to weld
automotive plastic welding
In order to ensure the aesthetics of the weld, it is recommended to choose one-sided welding and
weld on the inside (where it is not easy to see) :
Step 1: First, squeeze the 2 cracked plastic parts together to fix them, then dot (fix) first.
Immediately after the welding is fixed, still squeeze the 2 cracked parts tightly for 1-2 minutes so
that the weld is dry and firmly adhered.
Step 2: Use a soldering iron to weld the cracks together.

Fix the 2 cracked pieces of plastic and press firmly with a soldering iron
Step 3: Take a piece of plastic as small as a pea (the correct type of plastic is similar to the plastic
part to be soldered) to compensate for the cracked plastic part.
 Continue to fill a piece of plastic similar to the type of plastic you are soldering and melt a few
cracked places
Step 4: Next, use a pin to place it right in the middle of the long line of the crack. Then use the
soldering iron to press down, causing the pin to melt and then stick to the plastic part.
Similar to the remaining cracks on that long crack, you also solder pins to firmly fix the crack.
Why do this is because the crack will be stronger, just like when you build a house, you must have
a foundation.
 Tips to use pins to make such plastic welding of motorcycles and cars more solid
3. Proteus turn signal circuit diagram

Cái này để sau nha anh em

4. Automotive LED lights
LED (abbreviated from Light Emitting Diode) is a type of lamp developed based on
semiconductor technology. This is a very popular lamp today. With many advantages in
performance and aesthetics, popular car manufacturers are gradually tending to use LED lights
instead of Halogen lamps.
LED light construction
LEDs are composed of many LED chips. Each LED chip is a semiconductor diode (diode),
composed of an N-type semiconductor block coupled with a P-type semiconductor block,
connected to two output pins Cathode and Anode, allowing direct current to pass.
The principle of operation of LEDs is based on the principle of holes and free electrons to
create motion, thereby releasing energy in the form of photovoltaic energy. An LED chip is
small in size. Therefore, with car lights, people often pair many LED chips together to form a
cluster or LED strip.

LEDs are composed of many LED chips

Advantages and disadvantages of LED lights
Advantages :
LED lights have many advantages. Small current consumption, lower heat generation than
halogen lamps. LEDs provide directional (not diffused) light and are therefore often used as
spotlights. LED lamp life is also high, can be up to 50,000 hours. The LED bulb is small in
structure, so it is easy to design and shape in the circuit board. LED's dimming is extremely fast
(only a few millionths of a second).
 Energy saving
 Low heat
 Directional light
  Long life
 Easy to design, rich, eye-catching, luxurious designs
 Application of many positions of lights inside and outside the car
 Extremely fast low light ability
Disadvantages :
The downside of LEDs is that they are very sensitive to high temperatures. When encountering
high temperature, the LED light is easily damaged. Therefore LEDs need a radiator for cooling.
The cost of manufacturing and installing LEDs is higher than halogen lamps. This is also the
reason why usually only high-end cars are equipped with LED headlights.
 Illumination area is larger than Halogen but smaller than Xenon
 With headlights, the light is strong, so a Projector is needed to reduce glare for the
opposite vehicle
 Sensitive to high temperatures, need to invest in a radiator
 The price of high-end LED lights is quite high
Types of LED chips :
An LED is composed of many LED chips. Therefore, LED chips play an extremely important role,
deciding the lighting ability, lifespan and cost of LEDs.
Classified by chip technology, there are currently two most commonly used types for automotive
LED lights: COB LED chips and SMD LED chips.
Chip LED COB
The COB (Chip on Board) LED chip has 1 large Diode on the circuit board. Cheap Chinese LEDs
often use this chip.
 Car LED headlights use COB . LED chips
 Large diode size, easy to install and repair
 Low production cost
 Less shading, almost similar to traditional lights
 Low price
Chip LED SMD
SMD chip (Surface Mounted Diode) has many small diodes on the circuit board (common, usually
3 or 4 diodes). LED chips of Philips' Luxeon or Cree ... often use this type of chip.

Automotive LED headlights use SMD . LED chips

 Diode size is smaller than COB LED chip, high requirements on production process
 Better color rendering than COB . chip
 Multi-layer shading, overlapping layers due to many diodes in 1 circuit board
 Long life
 Good ability to change color
 Using sophisticated and detailed LED graphic design
 Expensive
Types of LEDs
Classified by LED source, there are currently the most commonly used types for automotive LED
lights including: 12V LED chips, 24V LED chips...
Classified by manufacturer, there are famous chips such as: Cree LED chip (USA), CSP chip
(Korea), Luxeon chip (Philips - Netherlands), Bridgelux chip (USA), Epistar chip (Taiwan). )…
 China COB LED
There are many cheap LED lights on the market from China. These types usually use COB
chips. The advantage is the low cost.
The disadvantage of cheap Chinese COB LED lights often emits a large amount of heat. But the
heatsink base is often not responsive, so the heat released is not good, easily causing the LED's
lighting efficiency to decrease gradually. This is the reason when using China COB chip LEDs
will see the lights fade over time, the life expectancy is lower than other chips.
Another disadvantage is that the COB LED chip often has a large chip, so the precision is not
good, causing the light to be reflected on the non-standard lamp, scattering a lot. This is the
cause of many cases when the C6 LED headlights for cars are very bright from the outside, but
when sitting in the driver's seat, the brightness is not much.

China COB LED

The most popular Chinese COB LEDs on the market today are C6 36W 3800LM 6000K LEDs.
According to many users' evaluation of C6 LED, this lamp is cheap (under 100,000 VND /
bulb), the light is 3 times stronger than the normal Halogen lamp, the radiator lamp runs the fan,
there are many types of ball feet (H1, H3, H4). , H7, H11, H13…), suitable for use as car
headlights.
Features of cheap China COB LED lights:
 Cheap
 Brightness is not good, scatters a lot
 Life expectancy is not high
 Philips LED Lights
Philips is one of the world's largest electronics manufacturers from the Netherlands. Philip has a
very famous SMD chip LUXEON automotive LED product line. Philips LED models,
especially LED headlights, are widely used by car tuners.
Philips LED lights give good brightness, 2.5 times more than traditional lights, helping to
expand visibility in low-light driving conditions. High color temperature, white light brings a
cool, pleasant feeling. The lamp is equipped with intelligent thermal management technology
(AirFlux and Aird Cool) to effectively dissipate heat.
 Philips Automotive LED Lights
In particular, Philips LED lights are evaluated to achieve accurate and uniform light accuracy
when equipped with SafeBeam technology. IP65 dust and water resistant.
The downside of Philips car LED bulbs is the high price. The price of genuine Philips car
headlights ranges from 2 to 8 million VND/pair. The price of Philips turn signal lights ranges
from 500,000 to 800,000 VND/pair.
Features of Philips LED lights:
 Strong brightness
 Cool white light
 Precise, uniform precision
 Intelligent cooling system
 Long life
 Expensive
 Some other popular LED brands:
 Automotive Osram LED (Germany)
 Automotive LED Lights (Vietnam)
 GTR LED (Vietnam)
LED Ball Lights
Car lamps help create light reflection, thereby increasing light reflection many times higher than
light sources. The lampshade also helps to focus the light. Thanks to the lampshade, the light will
reflect evenly, the light emitted is focused and goes further.
A Projector (also called a spherical ball) lens is a converging lens. Spherical mirror lenses help to
transform the light beam into a focused reflected beam, helping the light to focus more and travel
further.
Ball LED lamp is a type of LED with a built-in mini lamp inside and has a spherical mirror lens
(Projector).

Car LED Ball Lights have built-in mini lights inside and have Projector ball balls
The LED itself has only a bulb, which acts as a light source. However, LED bulbs are usually
brighter than Halogen bulbs, so experts do not recommend replacing LED bulbs for Halogen bulbs.
Because traditional lights come with Halogen lights that will scatter the light source when replacing
the LED lights, easily blinding the opposite driver.
The replacement of Halogen bulbs with LED bulbs should only be applied to vehicles that already
have Projector. In case the car does not have a Projector (only bulbs with normal bulbs), if you
want to upgrade the LED lights, you should use Bi LED. Because the Bi LED lamp itself has been
completely designed, including the light source is LED chip, the mini lamp is fixed behind, the
lamp surface is surrounded by a glass sphere (Projector), the light is focused and does not cause
glare. blinding oncoming drivers.
The price of Ball LED headlights is higher than that of LED lights, ranging from 8-14 million
VND/pair. But in return, the Bi-LED lamp is available Projector has been accurately calculated by
the manufacturer. Bi-LED lights are often used to adjust headlights, underbody lights (fog lights) in
front.
5. Paste PPF . Film
Car reflector is an important and necessary part of headlights; it is designed to give the highest
reflectivity, the quality of light emitted from the headlights reaches the optimum level. If you
do not take care of this part regularly, it is easy to cause yellowing; Dimmed reflectors affect
the illuminance of the lamp.
Currently, the use of film or decal to protect cars has become extremely popular. Not only
protects the car's paint; car interior that today owners are still interested in protecting the
reflector. PPF is known as a protective film, as a coating on the surface of car lights to limit and
prevent scratches on car lights.
 In addition to PPF to protect car reflectors, this coating is used to cover car paint surfaces;
Exterior and interior details of the car to limit scratches, yellow umbrellas reduce the aesthetics
of the details. Is an extremely popular product in the UK, Germany, the US, Japan, etc. The
reason is because these are the leading countries in the field of automobile manufacturing. For
Vietnam, this film is still quite strange, but with the outstanding uses that PPF film brings, it has
gradually been accepted more than before.
 Uses of PPF film for car reflectors
Car reflectors are parts that are easily scratched and damaged, affecting visibility and unsafe
vehicle control. Requires reflector to ensure focused, stable brightness for the best moving
vision. With PPF stickers to protect car reflectors, you can completely limit these
disadvantages thanks to the following uses:
 Limit scratches on car headlights when being hit by rocks or light collisions.
 PPF stickers to protect car reflectors have the ability to withstand and remove
chemicals such as gasoline, cleaning chemicals, acids, etc., which affect the quality
of the reflector.
 In addition, limiting the accumulation of dirt substances; avoid damage to the
reflector surface and eliminate paint peeling.
 PPF film also prevents water stains, prevents discoloration or yellowing in the
reflector under the influence of UV rays, etc.
Advantages of using PPF to protect car reflectors
Besides the perfect uses that PPF car protection brings. Along with that, this gluing film also brings
many other outstanding advantages. Thanks to these advantages, the gluing method is trusted by
many users to protect this exterior detail of the car.
 Thanks to its high elasticity, PPF film can withstand several times more tensile force than
other glues.
 Possesses transparency to keep the reflective surface shiny; minimize oil and water stains
and limit color fading.
 It is the most advanced car protection film available today. With a surface design that is 3 to
4 times thicker than conventional decals, it helps to protect car reflectors well.
 PPF protects the vehicle's reflectors without affecting the vehicle's paint color.
 Enhance vehicle aesthetics with absolute transparency and a certain gloss.
 Super hard and durable so it has good protection.
 Longer shelf life, maybe more than 5 years.
Structure of a layer of film to paste car lights
To have the above advantages and perfect uses, a layer of PPF to protect car reflectors usually
has a thick bridge consisting of 4 layers as follows:
  The first layer: has good heat resistance, UV resistance and high strength. Helping you
to be completely safe when traveling on the road without fear of crushed stone or some
debris scratching the car's reflector.
 The second layer is a layer with high strength, good weather resistance; effective in
dispersing impact impact.
 The third layer is a super-adhesive layer that helps to stick to every corner of the car; No
peeling after long time use.
 The 4th layer is a layer with good durability and resistance to chemicals; maintain the
film structure in a stable state against changes in weather.
The process of pasting PPF film for cars
Most of the professional PPF film installation process is carefully prepared from cutting the
profile according to the type of vehicle to be pasted.
Large companies when producing PPF films need a specialized film cutter, which helps to
install and cut the film according to the drawings, making the installation accurate, easy,
and saving film.
However, many PPF installation companies do not have a machine, which leads to the use
of large film rolls, each use will be cut by hand with scissors, press knives, .. this leads to
waste of film.
The process of gluing PPF is carried out according to the following steps:
Step 1: Clean the PPF preparation surface with soap and dry cloth.
The surface should be clean and completely free of debris and dirt from the PPF surface to
be applied.
Step 2: Paste each part of the car
The PPF films are pre-cut according to the existing model of the car and will be glued to the
car in separate parts such as: hood, door. bodywork, lights...
The PPF sheets will have the protective film removed and the film wetted with a specialized
solution.
This solution will help the film not immediately adhere to the car paint surface, making it
easy for the mechanic to handle, pull, and align the film in the right position.
After proper adjustment, the technician will use a rubber wiper, or a stiff, porous ruler to
remove the solution, bubbles, or creases on the PPF bonded surface.
After you have flattened and removed all bubbles or creases, you can also use an industrial
heat gun to increase the adhesion of PPF to the vehicle surface.

This step of work sounds simple, but in fact, it takes a highly skilled and experienced
worker to create perfect, error-free PPF film.
Step 3: Wait for it to dry
After completing the paste, PPF will need from 24 to 60 hours to dry and completely adhere
to the paint surface, so during this time it is not recommended to wash the car, especially
using high pressure (large) car washers. more than 150 bars)
https://nganhruaxeoto.vn/cham-soc-bao-duong/cach-thay-den-pha-o-to.html [1]
https://thietbichuyendung.com.vn/han-do-nhua-nhu-the-nao-cho-dung-chuan/?
fbclid=IwAR0Fb3dhAGzTwfbqiW8HVcnrDrJI2OWUFMtDXbioPZakLJMZyDOIM1WU
Oqo [2]
https://danchoioto.vn/den-led-oto/?fbclid=IwAR22G1vex4wb7iZ7RfvH4-
gdcOHuQfSnX5WJeRtszqErRB4vsJTzRN3ZDpM#Co_nen_do_den_xe_o_to [4]
https://decaloto.vn/phim-ppf-bao-ve-choa-den-o-to/#:~:text=PPF
%20%C4%91%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3c%20bi%E1%BA%BFt%20%C4%91%E1%BA
%BFn%20l%C3%A0,m%E1%BB%B9%20c%E1%BB%A7a%20c%C3%A1c%20chi%20ti
%E1%BA%BFt. [5]
https://ducbaoauto.vn/dan-ppf-la-gi/ [5]