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A Macroeconomic Theory of The Open Economy: © 2008 Cengage Learning
A Macroeconomic Theory of The Open Economy: © 2008 Cengage Learning
A Macroeconomic Theory of The Open Economy: © 2008 Cengage Learning
Equilibrium
real interest
rate
Demand for loanable
funds (for domestic
investment and net
capital outflow)
Equilibrium Quantity of
quantity Loanable Funds
© 2008 Cengage Learning
The Market for Loanable Funds
Equilibrium
real exchange
rate
Real
Interest
Rate
Real Real
Interest Supply Interest
Rate Rate
r r
Real
Exchange Supply
Rate
Demand
Quantity of
Local Currency
B
r2 r2
A
r r
3. . . . which in
2. . . . which
turn reduces
increases
net capital
the real Demand
outflow.
interest NCO
rate . . .
Quantity of Net Capital
Loanable Funds Outflow
Real
Exchange S S
Rate 4. The decrease
in net capital
outflow reduces
the supply of local
currency to be exchanged
E2
into foreign
E1 currency . . .
5. . . . which
causes the
real exchange
rate to Demand
appreciate.
Quantity of
Local Currency
(c) The Market for Foreign-Currency Exchange
© 2008 Cengage Learning
Government Budget Deficits
Real Real
Interest Supply Interest
Rate Rate
r r
3. Net exports,
however, remain
the same.
Demand
NCO
Quantity of Net Capital
Loanable Funds Outflow
Real
Exchange Supply
Rate
1. An import
quota increases
the demand for
E2 Malaysian ringgit . . .
2. . . . and
causes the E
real exchange
rate to D
appreciate.
D
Quantity of
Malaysian Ringgit
(c) The Market for Foreign-Currency Exchange
© 2008 Cengage Learning
Trade Policy
Real Real
Interest Supply Interest 1. An increase
Rate Rate in net capital
outflow. . .
r2 r2
r1 r1
3. . . . which D2
increases
the interest
D1
rate. NCO1 NCO2
Real
Exchange S S2
Rate 4. At the same
time, the increase
in net capital
outflow
E increases the
supply of pesos . . .
5. . . . which
E
causes the
peso to
depreciate. Demand
Quantity of
Pesos