Rise of Taliban

Faiq Baloch

NDU/BS-IR-22/S-011

Faiqbaloch.333@gmail.com
Political Science

To: Dr M Shoaib

BS International Relations 1st

National Defence University Islamabad

Research Paper

Rise of Taliban and its on Pakistan

Rise of Taliban

Rise of Taliban and its implications on Pakistan

Introduction
i
In April 2021, Joe Biden announced that U.S. would withdraw military force
by September 2021. The Taliban’s intention were to take control and contest territory across
the, while the peace talks were going on with Afghan government, ramped up attacks on
Afghan National Defense and Security Forces (ANDSF) and rapidly began to seize more
territory.

In May 2021, the U.S. military without wasting much time swiftly withdraw its troops from
Afghanistan. By the end of July 2021, 95 percent of U.S. military troops were withdrawn,
650 troops were there to protect U.S. embassy in Kabul (capital).

In summer 2021, the Taliban continued its offensive moves, the government controlled urban
areas were threatened and seized several border crossings. After the fall of Nimruz, the
provincial capitals began to fall rapidly. But no longer its was under the control of
government, as Taliban entered the capital on 15th of August.

Background

ii
Taliban (“student”) is a Pashtun word, and is an ultraconservative religious and
political faction. Taliban emerged in 1990s after the withdrawal of soviet troops from
Afghanistan, the fall of Afghanistan’s communist regime, and subsequent breakdown in
order.

The only three countries namely, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and UAE ever recognized the
regime, as Taliban took control of small norther section by 2001.

9/11 attacks (WTO in NYC and Pentagon outside the Washington, D.C,) that had occurred on
September 11 in 2001, Usama bin Laden and al-Qaeda were responsible for that, the Taliban
refused to hand over bin Laden to US. The US along with its allies began shelling
Afghanistan in October, with the support of internal norther anti-Taliban faction that had
been resisting Taliban, and by December the North Alliances succeeded in defeating Taliban
regime.

Problem statement:
Rise of Taliban

“they will have a war, sooner or later, if they do not include all the factions” (Imran Khan,
Prime minister of Pakistan)

Currently, in Afghanistan there is a messy situation which can be an ideal spot to terrorist
resulting to influence on Pakistan. It is important now to build trust in the region. The groups
in Afghanistan are looking for legitimacy not only at regional but at international level. There
is not only one terrorist group, there are multiple terrorist groups. There is possibility of
conflict between these groups which may further worsen the situation in Afghanistan.

Literature review:

Since this event took place last year (August 2021) there are no primary and secondary
literature regarding this take over. They are looking at the country how it is being managed
by Taliban dominated regime; how their governance work; conduct foreign relation, and how
they are working for implementing for counter terrorism narratives; role of their institutions,
working of polices armies etc. the international community is watching how Taliban are
ensuring human rights of women.

Hypothesis:

The Afghan Taliban government is unlikely to impress both Afghan and rest of the world.

Research questions:

Q#1. How Taliban are ensuring the human rights of women, and humanitarian crisis?

Q#2. What are internal security threats, and threat to Pakistan?

Q#3. What are the factors, due to which Afghanistan is not recognized?

iii
After the takeover Taliban, within a week the Taliban authorities announced a steady stream
of policies and regulation which brought restrictions on girls and women rights. These
measures included curtailing access to employment, restricted girls’ education and also
restriction on peaceful assembly. They also searched for high-profile women and put
restriction, denied them freedom of movement outside their home.

The Taliban claimed that they support women and girls both to get education, but on 18 of
September 2021, Secondary schools reopen but only for boys. On august 29, acting higher
education minister announced that girls and women could participate in higher education but
Rise of Taliban

could not study with boys and men. A lack of female teacher, especially in higher education
which leads to denial of education for girls and women.

iv
Beijing welcomes Afghanistan’s active participation in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), a
global infrastructure plan proposed by China, and is willing to extend China-Pakistan
Economic Corridor (CPEC) to Afghanistan, Chinese foreign minister Wi Yang visited Kabul
on Thursday, 24 March 2022.

According to a statesman in Afghan foreign ministry spokesperson, Wang met Afghan acting
Foreign Minister Amir Khan Muttaqi to discuss role of Afghanistan in BRI, to start work on
mining and economics and Political ties.

Pakistan for decades, has received millions of Afghan displaced people, which have been one
of the prolonged refugee crises in the world. According to the government estimate, Pakistan
hosts 1.5 million refugees, which are officially registered and 3.5 million displaced in total.
Since Taliban takeover, Pakistan has pushed backed the new arrivals from Afghanistan,
further improving the bordering security and deporting those who have enter without visas.

Pakistan has no domestic shelter laws for refugees. Undocumented refugees have limited
their access to work, hosing, and education. Rising anti-refugee sentiment exacerbate the
problem. some provinces have penalized residents who host Afghans, even as international
organizations encourage Pakistan to take in more refugees.

Taliban regime failed to protect Shias from Islamic State’s Khorasan chapter, and this will
also affect the security concerns with the neighbor countries. International community,
especially China, Russia, Pakistan and Central Asian countries has been optimistic, that
Taliban regime would prevent IS-K to fulfill regional ambitions.

However, The Taliban have claimed that they could wipe out IS-K within in a few weeks.
The Taliban group has not extended its operation in Pakistan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan,
rather than that, it has complicated the Taliban internal Security. Continuous attacks of IS-
K’s on Shia community, has made the Taliban anger, as Taliban had promised the Security of
Afghans.

late December and early January Taliban have interfered at least twice to block an ongoing
Pakistani project to erect fencing between the Pak-Afghan border. The demarcation of which
prior Afghan government have never accepted. In spite of that Pakistan attempts to resolve
the issue diplomatically.
Rise of Taliban

Since 1947, Afghan government does not recongnize Durand line as an international border
and in 1990s Taliban had similar narration. This issue may be further complicated by the fact
that, apart from the issue of recognition, Pakistan and Afghanistan both demarcates the
Durand Line differently from from each other, and thus portions of the Pakistani fence may
lie within what Afghanistan (including U.S, international community) would consider Afghan
territory.

Conclusion

The Taliban along with Afghanistan are isolated. There have not yet been negotiations of
Taliban with America, but there have been negotiations with Pakistan and China. Chinese
foreign Minister have visited Afghanistan. There has been discussion to expand CPEC to
Afghanistan.

Security is still an issue as, fencing on the border is not everywhere, because there are some
concerns of Taliban about Durand line as well, they do not consider it as an international
border. Along with these issues Taliban could not fulfil, what they promised they are fail to
secure lives of minority and could not ensure women rights. The sanctions on their leaders is
the cause that they do not get recognition by international community.
Rise of Taliban
ii
War in Afghanistan. (n.d.). Global Conflict Tracker. Retrieved May 22, 2022, from https://cfr.org/global-conflict-
tracker/conflict/war-afghanistan

iiii
Taliban | Definition, History, & Facts | Britannica. (n.d.). Retrieved March 19, 2022, from
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Taliban

iii
Human Rights Watch. (2021). Afghanistan: Events of 2021. In World Report 2022. https://www.hrw.org/world-
report/2022/country-chapters/afghanistan

iv
War in Afghanistan. (n.d.). Global Conflict Tracker. Retrieved May 22, 2022, from https://cfr.org/global-conflict-
tracker/conflict/war-afghanistan