Subject Review of IB 2023 Year - 1 [314 

marks]
1a. [3 marks]
The following diagram shows triangle ABC, with AB = 6 and AC = 8.

̂
5 ̂
Given that cos A = find the value of sin A .
6

Markscheme
valid approach using Pythagorean identity      (M1)

2
sin A+ ()5 2
6
=1 (or equivalent)     (A1)

sin A=
√ 11       A1
6
[3 marks]
1b. [2 marks]
Find the area of triangle ABC.

Markscheme
×8 × 6 × √   (or equivalent)     (A1)
1 11
2 6
area ¿ 4 √11       A1
[2 marks]
2a. [2 marks]
 x +3
The functions f and g are defined such that  f ( x )= and  g ( x )=8 x+5.
4
Show that ( g ∘ f )( x )=2 x +11.

Markscheme
attempt to form composition       M1

correct substitution  g ( x +34 )=8( x+34 )+5    A1

( g ∘ f )( x )=2 x +11     AG
[2 marks]
2b. [3 marks]

Given that ( g ∘ f )−1 ( a )=4 , find the value of a .

Markscheme
attempt to substitute 4 (seen anywhere)     (M1)
correct equation a=2 ×4 +11      (A1)
a = 19     A1
[3 marks]
3a. [3 marks]

Show that lo g 9 ( cos 2 x +2 )=lo g 3 √ cos 2 x+ 2.

Markscheme
attempting to use the change of base rule       M1
lo g3 ( cos 2 x+2 )
lo g 9 ( cos 2 x +2 )=        A1
lo g3 9
1
¿ lo g3 ( cos 2 x+2 )       A1
2
¿ lo g3 √ cos 2 x+2      AG

[3 marks]
3b. [5 marks]
 π
Hence or otherwise solve lo g 3 ( 2 sin x ) =lo g9 ( cos 2 x+2 ) for 0< x < .
2

Markscheme
lo g 3 ( 2 sin x ) =lo g3 √ cos 2 x +2

2 sin x=√ cos 2 x +2      M1

2
4 si n x=cos 2 x+ 2 (or equivalent)      A1
use of cos 2 x=1 −2 si n2 x       (M1)
2
6 sin x=3
1
sin x=( ± )       A1
√2
π
x=       A1
4
π
Note: Award A0 if solutions other than x=  are included.
4
[5 marks]
4a. [2 marks]
1 3 2
Let  f ( x )= x + x − 15 x +17 .
3

Find f ′ ( x ).

Markscheme
f ′ ( x )=x 2 +2 x −15     (M1)A1
 
[2 marks]
4b. [3 marks]
The graph of f has horizontal tangents at the points where x = a and x = b , a < b .
Find the value of a and the value of b .

Markscheme
correct reasoning that  f ′ ( x )=0  (seen anywhere)    (M1)
2
x + 2 x −15=0
valid approach to solve quadratic        M1
( x − 3 ) ( x +5 ) , quadratic formula
correct values for  x
3, −5
correct values for a and b
a = −5 and b = 3        A1
[3 marks]
4c. [1 mark]
Sketch the graph of  y=f ′ ( x ) .
Markscheme

      A1
[1 mark]
4d. [1 mark]
Hence explain why the graph of f has a local maximum point at x=a .

Markscheme
first derivative changes from positive to negative at  x=a       A1
so local maximum at  x=a      AG
[1 mark]
4e. [3 marks]
Find f ″ ( b ) .

Markscheme
″
f ( x )=2 x+2      A1
substituting their b into their second derivative     (M1)

f ″ ( 3 )=2×3+ 2

f ″ ( b ) =8     (A1)
[3 marks]
4f. [1 mark]
Hence, use your answer to part (d)(i) to show that the graph of f has a local minimum point
at x=b .

Markscheme
f ″ ( b ) is positive so graph is concave up      R1
so local minimum at x=b       AG
[1 mark]
4g. [5 marks]
The normal to the graph of f at x=a and the tangent to the graph of f at x=b intersect at
the point ( p, q ) .
 
Find the value of p and the value of q .

Markscheme
normal to f at  x=a is x = −5 (seen anywhere)          (A1)
attempt to find y -coordinate at their value of b           (M1)
f ( 3 )=¿ −10       (A1)

tangent at x=b has equation y = −10 (seen anywhere)         A1

intersection at (−5, −10)
p = −5 and q = −10        A1
[5 marks]
5a. [5 marks]
Express −3+ √ 3 i in the form r e i θ, where r >0 and − π <θ ≤ π .

Markscheme
attempt to find modulus      (M1)

r =2 √ 3 ( ¿ √ 12 )      A1
attempt to find argument in the correct quadrant      (M1)

θ=π + arctan − √       A1

3
3
( )
5π
¿       A1
6

( ¿ 2√ 3 e )
5 πi 5πi
−3+ √ 3 i= √12 e 6 6

[5 marks]
5b. [5 marks]
Let the roots of the equation  z 3=− 3+ √ 3 i be u,  v and w .

Find u,  v and w  expressing your answers in the form r e i θ, where r >0 and − π <θ ≤ π .

Markscheme
attempt to find a root using de Moivre’s theorem      M1
1 5 πi
12 6 e 18        A1
2π
attempt to find further two roots by adding and subtracting  to the argument    M1
3
1 7π i
−
12 e 6 18        A1
1 17 π i
12 e 6 18        A1

Note: Ignore labels for u,  v and w at this stage.

 
[5 marks]
5c. [4 marks]
On an Argand diagram, u,  v and w  are represented by the points U, V and W respectively.
Find the area of triangle UVW.

Markscheme
METHOD 1
attempting to find the total area of (congruent) triangles UOV, VOW and UOW        M1

)( )( )
1 1
Area ¿ 3 ( 1
2
12 6 126 sin
2π
3
      A1A1

2π
( )( )
1 1
Note: Award A1 for  12 6 12 6  and A1 for sin
3

( )
1
= 3 √ 3 12 3  (or equivalent)     A1
4
 
METHOD 2

( ) ( ) ( )( )
1 2 1 2 1 1
UV2 ¿ 12 6 + 12 6 − 2 12 6 12 6 cos 2 π  (or equivalent)     A1
3

( )
1
UV ¿ √ 3 12 6  (or equivalent)     A1

1
attempting to find the area of UVW using Area =   × UV × VW × sin α  for example        M1
2

( √ 3× 12 )( √3 ×12 ) sin π3
1 1
Area ¿ 1 6 6
2

( )
1
= 3 √ 3 12 3  (or equivalent)     A1
4
 
[4 marks]
5d. [4 marks]
By considering the sum of the roots u,  v and w , show that
5π 7π 17 π
cos +cos + cos =0 .
18 18 18

Markscheme
u + v + w = 0     R1
 ( ( ) ( ) )
1
7π 7π 5π 5π 17 π 17 π
12 cos −
6
+isin − +cos +isin +cos +i sin =0     A1
18 18 18 18 18 18

consideration of real parts       M1

( ( ) )
1
7π 5π 17 π
12 6 cos − +cos +cos =0
18 18 18

cos − ( 7π
18 )
=cos
17 π
18
 explicitly stated      A1

5π 7π 17 π
cos +cos + cos =0      AG
18 18 18
[4 marks]
6. [5 marks]
The following diagram shows the graph of  y=f ( x ). The graph has a horizontal
asymptote at  y=− 1. The graph crosses the  x -axis at  x=− 1 and  x=1, and the  y -axis at  y=2.

2
On the following set of axes, sketch the graph of  y= [ f ( x ) ] +1, clearly showing
any asymptotes with their equations and the coordinates of any local maxima or minima.
 
Markscheme

no y values below 1        A1
horizontal asymptote at y=2 with curve approaching from below as x → ± ∞        A1
(±1,1) local minima        A1
(0,5) local maximum        A1
smooth curve and smooth stationary points        A1
[5 marks]
7a. [3 marks]
The function f is defined by  f ( x )=e2 x −6 e x +5 , x ∈ R , x ≤ a. The graph of  y=f ( x ) is shown in
the following diagram.
Find the largest value of a such that f has an inverse function.
Markscheme
attempt to differentiate and set equal to zero       M1

f ( x )=2 e − 6 e =2 e ( e − 3 )=0       A1

′ 2x x x x

minimum at  x=ln3

a=ln 3       A1
[3 marks]
7b. [5 marks]
For this value of a , find an expression for  f −1 ( x ) , stating its domain.

Markscheme
Note: Interchanging x and y can be done at any stage.
2
y=( e − 3 ) − 4      (M1)
x

e −3=± √ y + 4     A1
x

as  x ≤ ln 3 ,  x=ln ( 3 − √ y + 4 )        R1

so  f −1 ( x ) =ln ( 3 − √ x+ 4 )    A1

domain of  f −1 is  x ∈ R, − 4 ≤ x<5     A1

[5 marks]
8. [5 marks]
+¿¿
Solve the equation 2 ln x=ln 9+ 4 . Give your answer in the form  x= p e q where  p , q ∈ Z .

Markscheme
* This sample question was produced by experienced DP mathematics senior examiners to
aid teachers in preparing for external assessment in the new MAA course. There may be
minor differences in formatting compared to formal exam papers.
 
METHOD 1
2 ln x − ln 9=4

uses m ln x=ln x m       (M1)

2
ln x − ln 9=4
 a
uses ln a − ln b=ln        (M1)
b

x2
ln =4
9
x2 4
=e        A1
9

x =9 e ⇒ x=√ 9 e ( x> 0 )        A1

2 4 4

x=3 e 2 ( p=3 , q=2 )       A1

 
METHOD 2
expresses 4 as 4 ln e and uses ln x m=mln x        (M1)
2 ln x=2 ln 3+4 ln e ( ln x=ln3+ 2 ln e )       A1

uses 2 ln e=ln e 2 and ln a+ ln b=ln a b       (M1)

ln x=ln ( 3 e )       A1
2

x=3 e 2 ( p=3 , q=2 )       A1

 
METHOD 3
expresses 4  as 4 ln e  and uses m ln x=ln x m       (M1)

ln x 2=ln32 + ln e4        A1
uses ln a+ ln b=ln a b       (M1)

ln x =ln ( 3 e )
2 2 4

x 2=32 e 4 ⇒ x =√3 2 e 4 ( x> 0 )        A1

so  x=3 e 2 ( x >0 ) ( p=3 , q=2 )        A1

 
[5 marks]
9. [6 marks]
The following table shows the probability distribution of a discrete random variable X
where  x=1 , 2, 3 , 4 .
Find the value of k , justifying your answer.

Markscheme
* This sample question was produced by experienced DP mathematics senior examiners to
aid teachers in preparing for external assessment in the new MAA course. There may be
minor differences in formatting compared to formal exam papers.
uses ∑ P ( X=x ) ( ¿ 1 )       (M1)

k + ( 7 k +2 )+ ( −2 k ) + ( 3 k ) ( ¿ 1 )
2 2

4 k 2 +5 k +1 ( ¿ 0 )        A1
 
EITHER
attempts to factorize their quadratic       M1
( k +1 )( 4 k +1 )=0
 
OR
attempts use of the quadratic formula on their equation       M1

− 5 ± √ 5 − 4 ( 4 )( 1 ) − 5 ±3
( )
2
k= ¿
8 8

 
THEN
1
k =−1 , −        A1
4
rejects k =−1 as this value leads to invalid probabilities, for example,  P ( X=2 )=−5< 0     
R1
1
so k =−        A1
4
 
1
Note: Award R0A1 if k =−  is stated without a valid reason given for rejecting k =−1.
4
 
[6 marks]
10a. [2 marks]
The first three terms of an arithmetic sequence are u1 ,5 u 1 −8  and 3 u1 +8.

Show that u1=4 .

Markscheme
* This sample question was produced by experienced DP mathematics senior examiners to
aid teachers in preparing for external assessment in the new MAA course. There may be
minor differences in formatting compared to formal exam papers.
EITHER
uses u2 −u1=u 3 − u2       (M1)

( 5 u1 −8 ) −u 1=( 3 u1 +8 ) − ( 5u 1 − 8 )
6 u1=24       A1

 
OR
u1 +u3
uses u2=        (M1)
2
u1 + ( 3 u1 +8 )
5 u1 − 8=
2
3 u1=12       A1

 
THEN
so u1=4        AG
 
[2 marks]
10b. [4 marks]
Prove that the sum of the first n terms of this arithmetic sequence is a square number.
Markscheme
d=8       (A1)
n
uses  Sn=
2
( 2 u1+ ( n− 1 ) d )       M1
n
Sn= ( 8+8 ( n −1 ) )        A1
2
2
¿4 n
2
¿ ( 2 n )        A1

 
Note: The final A1 can be awarded for clearly explaining that 4 n2 is a square number.
 
so sum of the first n terms is a square number       AG
 
[4 marks]
11. [6 marks]
The functions  f and  g are defined for  x ∈ R by  f ( x )=x −2 and  g ( x )=a x +b, where a , b ∈ R .
Given that ( f ∘ g )( 2 ) =−3  and ( g ∘ f )( 1 ) =5, find the value of a and the value of b .

Markscheme
* This sample question was produced by experienced DP mathematics senior examiners to
aid teachers in preparing for external assessment in the new MAA course. There may be
minor differences in formatting compared to formal exam papers.
( f ∘ g )( x )=a x+ b− 2       (M1)
( f ∘ g )( 2 ) =−3 ⇒2 a+b − 2=−3 ( 2 a+b=−1 )        A1
( g ∘ f )( x )=a ( x −2 ) +b        (M1)
( g∘ f )( 1 )=5 ⇒ − a+b=5        A1
a valid attempt to solve their two linear equations for a and b        M1
so a=−2 and b=3       A1
 
[6 marks]
12a. [3 marks]
The following diagram shows the graph of  y=− 1− √ x +3  for  x ≥ −3 .

Describe a sequence of transformations that transforms the graph of  y= √ x  for  x ≥ 0  to the
graph of  y=− 1− √ x +3  for  x ≥ −3 .

Markscheme
* This sample question was produced by experienced DP mathematics senior examiners to
aid teachers in preparing for external assessment in the new MAA course. There may be
minor differences in formatting compared to formal exam papers.
for example,
a reflection in the x -axis (in the line y=0)        A1
a horizontal translation (shift) 3 units to the left        A1
a vertical translation (shift) down by 1 unit        A1
 
Note: Award A1 for each correct transformation applied in a correct position in the
sequence. Do not accept use of the “move” for a translation.
Note: Award A1A1A1 for a correct alternative sequence of transformations. For example,
a vertical translation (shift) down by 1 unit, followed by a horizontal translation (shift) 3
units to the left and then a reflection in the line y=− 1.
 
[3 marks]
12b. [1 mark]
A function  f  is defined by  f ( x )=− 1− √ x +3  for  x ≥ −3 .
State the range of f .

Markscheme
range is  f ( x ) ≤− 1        A1
 
Note: Correct alternative notations include ¿ −∞ , −1 ] , ( − ∞, −1 ] or  y ≤− 1.
 
[1 mark]
12c. [5 marks]
Find an expression for f −1 ( x ) , stating its domain.

Markscheme
−1 − √ y +3=x         M1
 
Note: Award M1 for interchanging x and y (can be done at a later stage).
 

√ y +3=− x −1 ( ¿ − ( x +1 ) )        A1
y +3=( x+1 )2        A1

so  f −1 ( x ) =( x+1 ) −3 ( f −1 ( x ) =x2 +2 x − 2 )        A1

2

domain is  x ≤ −1         A1

 
Note: Correct alternative notations include ¿ −∞ , −1 ]  or ( − ∞, −1 ].
 
[5 marks]
12d. [5 marks]
Find the coordinates of the point(s) where the graphs of y=f ( x ) and y=f − 1 ( x ) intersect.
Markscheme
the point of intersection lies on the line  y=x
 
EITHER

( x +1 )2 −3=x        M1   
attempts to solve their quadratic equation       M1

−1 ± √ 12 − 4 (1 )( −2 )
for example, ( x +2 )( x −1 )=0  or  x=
2 ( x=
−1 ±3
2 )
 
OR
−1 − √ x +3=x        M1
2
( −1 − √ x+ 3 ) =x 2 ⇒ 2 √ x +3+ x+ 4=x 2
substitutes 2 √ x +3=−2 ( x+1 ) to obtain −2 ( x +1 )+ x+ 4=x 2

attempts to solve their quadratic equation       M1

−1 ± √ 1 − 4 (1 )( −2 )
( )
2
−1 ±3
for example, ( x +2 )( x −1 )=0  or  x= x=
2 2

 
THEN
x=− 2, 1        A1
as  x ≤ −1 , the only solution is  x=− 2        R1
so the coordinates of the point of intersection are ( −2 , −2 )         A1
 
Note: Award R0A1 if ( −2 , −2 )  is stated without a valid reason given for rejecting ( 1 ,1 ) .
 
[5 marks]
13a. [2 marks]
The following diagram shows a ball attached to the end of a spring, which is suspended
from a ceiling.
The height, h metres, of the ball above the ground at time t seconds after being released can
be modelled by the function h ( t )=0.4 cos ( π t )+ 1.8 where t ≥ 0.
Find the height of the ball above the ground when it is released.

Markscheme
* This sample question was produced by experienced DP mathematics senior examiners to
aid teachers in preparing for external assessment in the new MAA course. There may be
minor differences in formatting compared to formal exam papers.
attempts to find h ( 0 )        (M1)
h ( 0 ) =0.4 cos ( 0 )+ 1.8 ( ¿ 2.2 )
2.2 (m) (above the ground)       A1
 
[2 marks]
13b. [2 marks]
Find the minimum height of the ball above the ground.

Markscheme
EITHER
uses the minimum value of cos ( π t ) which is −1        M1
0.4 ( − 1 )+ 1.8 (m)

 
OR
the amplitude of motion is 0.4  (m) and the mean position is 1.8 (m)         M1
 
OR
finds h ′ ( t )=− 0.4 π sin ( π t ) , attempts to solve h ′ ( t )=0 for t and determines that the minimum
height above the ground occurs at t=1 , 3 ,…        M1
0.4 ( − 1 )+ 1.8 (m)

 
THEN
1.4  (m) (above the ground)       A1
 
[2 marks]
13c. [2 marks]
Show that the ball takes 2 seconds to return to its initial height above the ground for the
first time.

Markscheme
EITHER
the ball is released from its maximum height and returns there a period later       R1
2π
the period is  ( ¿ 2 ) ( s )       A1
π
 
OR
attempts to solve h ( t )=2.2 for t        M1
cos ( π t )=1
t=0 , 2 , …       A1
 
THEN
so it takes 2 seconds for the ball to return to its initial position for the first time       AG
 
[2 marks]
13d. [5 marks]
For the first 2 seconds of its motion, determine the amount of time that the ball is less
than 1.8+0.2 √ 2 metres above the ground.

Markscheme
0.4 cos ( π t )+ 1.8=1.8+ 0.2 √ 2       (M1)

0.4 cos ( π t )=0.2 √ 2

cos ( π t )=
√2        A1
2
π 7π
π t= ,        (A1)
4 4
 
Note: Accept extra correct positive solutions for π t .
1 7
t= , ( 0 ≤t ≤ 2 )        A1
4 4
 
Note: Do not award A1 if solutions outside 0 ≤ t ≤ 2 are also stated.
7 1
the ball is less than 1.8+0.2 √ 2 metres above the ground for  − (s)
4 4
1.5(s)       A1
  
[5 marks]
13e. [4 marks]
1
Find the rate of change of the ball’s height above the ground when t= . Give your answer
3
in the form  p π √ q m s  where  p ∈Q  and q ∈ Z .
−1 +¿¿

Markscheme
EITHER

attempts to find h ′ ( t )        (M1)

 
OR
recognizes that h ′ ( t ) is required        (M1)
 
THEN
h ′ ( t )=− 0.4 π sin ( π t )         A1

attempts to evaluate their h ′ ( 13 )        (M1)

h′ ( 13 )=− 0.4 π sin π3
¿ 0.2 π √ 3 ( m s −1 )        A1
 
1
Note: Accept equivalent correct answer forms where p ∈Q . For example, − π √ 3.
5
 
[4 marks]
14a. [4 marks]
3
A function f is defined by  f ( x )= 2
, x ∈ R.
x +2
Sketch the curve y=f ( x ), clearly indicating any asymptotes with their equations and stating
the coordinates of any points of intersection with the axes.
Markscheme
* This sample question was produced by experienced DP mathematics senior examiners to
aid teachers in preparing for external assessment in the new MAA course. There may be
minor differences in formatting compared to formal exam papers.

a curve symmetrical about the y -axis with correct concavity that has a local maximum
point on the positive y -axis        A1
a curve clearly showing that  y → 0  as  x → ± ∞         A1

(0 , 32 )        A1
horizontal asymptote y=0 ( x -axis)        A1
 
[4 marks]
14b. [4 marks]
The region R is bounded by the curve  y=f ( x ), the  x -axis and the lines  x=0  and  x=√ 6 . Let  A  
be the area of  R .

Show that  A=
√2 π .
2

Markscheme
3
attempts to find  ∫ 2
d x         (M1)
x +2
¿
[ 3
√2
arctan
x
√2 ]
        A1

Note: Award M1A0 for obtaining  k arctan [ x

√2] 3
 where k ≠ .
√2
Note: Condone the absence of or use of incorrect limits to this stage.
 
3
¿ ( arctan √ 3 −arctan 0 )        (M1)
√2
¿
3 π
× ¿
π
√2 3 √2 ( )
        A1

A=
√2 π         AG
2
 
[4 marks]
14c. [4 marks]
The line x=k divides R into two regions of equal area.
Find the value of k .

Markscheme
METHOD 1
EITHER
k

∫ x 23+ 2 d x = √ 24 π
0

arctan = √         (M1)
3 k 2π
√2 √2 4
 
OR
√6
∫ x 23+ 2 d x = √ 24 π
k
3
√2 (
arctan √3 − arctan
k
√2
= √         (M1)
2π
4 )
k π
arctan √3 − arctan =
√2 6
 
THEN
k π
arctan =         A1
√2 6
k
√2
π
=tan ¿
6
1
√3 ( )
        A1

k=
3 ( √3)
√6 ¿ 2         A1

 
METHOD 2
k √6
∫ x 23+ 2 d x =∫ x 23+2 d x
0 k

3
√2
k
arctan =
3
√2 √ 2 (
arctan √ 3− arctan
k
√2
        (M1))
k π
arctan =         A1
√2 6
k
√2
π
=tan ¿
1
6 √3 ( )
        A1

k=
3 ( √3)
√ 6 ¿ 2         A1

 
[4 marks]
14d. [2 marks]
Let m be the gradient of a tangent to the curve  y=f ( x ).
6x
Show that m=− 2 .
( x +2 )
2
Markscheme

attempts to find 
d
( )
3
d x x 2 +2
        (M1)

−2
¿ ( 3 ) ( −1 ) ( 2 x ) ( x +2 )         A1
2

6x
so m=− 2         AG
( x +2 )
2

 
[2 marks]
14e. [7 marks]

Show that the maximum value of m is 

27 2
32 3
.
√
Markscheme
attempts product rule or quotient rule differentiation        M1
EITHER
dm −3 −2
=( − 6 x ) ( −2 ) ( 2 x ) ( x 2+ 2 ) + ( x 2 +2 ) ( −6 )        A1
dx
OR
2
d m ( x + 2 ) ( − 6 ) − ( −6 x ) ( 2 )( 2 x ) ( x +2 )
2 2
=         A1
dx ( x 2 +2 )
4

 
Note: Award A0 if the denominator is incorrect. Subsequent marks can be awarded.
 
THEN
dm
attempts to express their as a rational fraction with a factorized numerator        M1
dx

d m 6 ( x + 2 )( 3 x −2 ) 6 ( 3 x −2 )
( )
2 2 2
= ¿
dx ( x 2+ 2 )
4
( x2 +2 )
3

dm
attempts to solve their  =0  for  x         M1
dx
x=±
√ 2
3
        A1

from the curve, the maximum value of m occurs at  x=−

√ 2
3
        R1

(the minimum value of m occurs at x=

√ 2
3
)

 
Note: Award R1 for any equivalent valid reasoning.
 

maximum value of m  is −

(
6 −
√ 3)
2

        A1
((− √ 3 ) +2)
2 2
2

leading to a maximum value of 

27 2
32 3 √
        AG

 
[7 marks]
15a. [3 marks]

Use the binomial theorem to expand ( cos θ+ i sin θ )4 . Give your answer in the form a+ b i 
where a  and b  are expressed in terms of sin θ  and cos θ .

Markscheme
* This sample question was produced by experienced DP mathematics senior examiners to
aid teachers in preparing for external assessment in the new MAA course. There may be
minor differences in formatting compared to formal exam papers.

uses the binomial theorem on ( cos θ+ i sin θ )4        M1

=C04 cos4 θ+C14 cos3 θi sin θ+C24 cos2 θi2 sin2 θ+C34 cos θi3 sin3 θ+C44i4 sin4 θ        A1

¿ ( cos 4 θ −6 cos 2 θ sin2 θ+sin 4 θ ) +i ( 4 cos 3 θ sin θ − 4 cos θ sin 3 θ )         A1

 
[3 marks]
15b. [5 marks]
 4 2
cot θ − 6 cot θ +1
Use de Moivre’s theorem and the result from part (a) to show that cot 4 θ= 3
4 cot θ − 4 cot θ
.

Markscheme
(using de Moivre’s theorem with n=4  gives) cos 4 θ+i sin 4 θ         (A1)
equates both the real and imaginary parts of cos 4 θ+i sin 4 θ  
and ( cos 4 θ −6 cos 2 θ sin 2 θ+sin 4 θ ) +i ( 4 cos 3 θ sin θ − 4 cos θ sin3 θ )       M1

cos 4 θ=cos 4 θ − 6 cos2 θ sin 2 θ +sin4 θ   and  sin 4 θ=4 cos 3 θ sin θ − 4 cos θ sin3 θ
cos 4 θ
recognizes that cot 4 θ=         (A1)
sin 4 θ
cos 4 θ
substitutes for sin 4 θ and cos 4 θ  into         M1
sin 4 θ

cos 4 θ −6 cos 2 θ sin 2 θ+sin 4 θ

cot 4 θ=
4 cos 3 θ sin θ − 4 cos θ sin 3 θ
divides the numerator and denominator by sin 4 θ  to obtain
4 2 2 4
cos θ − 6 cos θ sin θ+ sin θ
4
sin θ
cot 4 θ= 3 3         A1
4 cos θ sin θ −4 cos θ sin θ
sin4 θ

cot 4 θ − 6 cot 2 θ +1
cot 4 θ=         AG
4 cot 3 θ − 4 cot θ
 
[5 marks]
15c. [5 marks]
Use the identity from part (b) to show that the quadratic equation  x 2 − 6 x+1=0 has
2 π 23π
roots cot  and cot .
8 8

Markscheme
4 2
cot θ − 6 cot θ +1
setting cot 4 θ=0 and putting  x=cot 2 θ  in the numerator of cot 4 θ= 3  
4 cot θ − 4 cot θ
gives  x 2 − 6 x+1=0        M1
attempts to solve cot 4 θ=0 for θ         M1
 π 3π
4 θ= ,
2 2
1
(
,… 4 θ= ( 2 n+1 ) π , n=0 ,1 , …         (A1)
2 )
π 3π
θ= ,         A1
8 8
 
π 3π
Note: Do not award the final A1 if solutions other than θ= ,  are listed.
8 8
 
π 3π
finding the roots of cot 4 θ=0 θ= ,
8 8 ( )
 corresponds to finding the roots of  x 2 − 6 x+1=0 
where  x=cot 2 θ         R1
2 π 23π
so the equation  x 2 − 6 x+1=0 as roots cot  and cot         AG
8 8
 
[5 marks]
15d. [4 marks]
2 3π
Hence find the exact value of cot .
8

Markscheme
attempts to solve  x 2 − 6 x+1=0 for  x         M1

x=3 ± 2 √ 2        A1
2 π 23π 2 3π
since cot >cot ,cot  has the smaller value of the two roots        R1
8 8 8
 
Note: Award R1 for an alternative convincing valid reason.
 
3π
=3−2 √ 2        A1
2
so cot
8
 
[4 marks]
15e. [3 marks]
 2 π
Deduce a quadratic equation with integer coefficients, having roots c o s e c  
8
2 3π
and c o s e c .
8

Markscheme
let  y=c o s e c 2 θ

uses cot 2 θ=c o s e c 2 θ −1 where  x=cot 2 θ         (M1)

2 2
x −6 x +1=0⇒ ( y − 1 ) −6 ( y −1 ) +1=0         M1

y 2 − 8 y +8=0        A1
 
[3 marks]
16. [5 marks]
Consider quadrilateral P Q R S where [ PQ ] is parallel to [ S R ].

̂ ̂
In P Q R S, P Q=x , S R= y , R S P=α and Q R S=β .

Find an expression for P S in terms of x , y , sin β and sin ( α + β ).

Markscheme
* This sample question was produced by experienced DP mathematics senior examiners to
aid teachers in preparing for external assessment in the new MAA course. There may be
minor differences in formatting compared to formal exam papers.
METHOD 1
from vertex P , draws a line parallel to [ Q R ] that meets [ S R ] at a point X         (M1)
uses the sine rule in  Δ P S X         M1
 PS y− x
=         A1
sin β sin ( 180 −α − β )

sin ( 180 −α − β )=sin ( α + β )         (A1)

( y − x ) sin β
P S=         A1
sin ( α + β )

 
METHOD 2
let the height of quadrilateral P Q R S be h
h=P S sin α         A1
attempts to find a second expression for h         M1
h=( y − x − P S cos α ) tan β
P S sin α= ( y − x − P S cos α ) tan β
sin β
writes  tan β  as  , multiplies through by cos β  and expands the RHS        M1
cos β
P S sin α cos β=( y − x ) sin β − P S cos α sin β
( y − x ) sin β
P S=         A1
sin α cos β +cos α sin β
( y − x ) sin β
P S=         A1
sin ( α + β )
 
[5 marks]
17. [8 marks]
1
Let  f ( x)= 2 for −1< x <1 . Use partial fractions to find  ∫ f ( x ) d x .
1−x

Markscheme
1 1 A B
= ≡ +     M1M1A1
1− x ( 1− x ) ( 1+ x ) 1− x 1+ x
2

1
⇒ 1 ≡ A ( 1+ x )+ B ( 1 − x ) ⇒ A=B=      M1A1A1
2
 1 1
∫
2
+
2
1− x 1+ x
d x=
−1
2
1
ln ( 1− x ) + ln ( 1+ x )+ c
2
( √ )
    ¿ ln k
1+ x
1− x
    M1A1

[8 marks]
18a. [1 mark]
t
−1
Consider the integral ∫ 2
d x for t >1.
1 x+ x
Very briefly, explain why the value of this integral must be negative.

Markscheme
The numerator is negative but the denominator is positive. Thus the integrand is negative
and so the value of the integral will be negative.     R1AG
[1 mark]
18b. [6 marks]
−1
Express the function  f ( x )= 2 in partial fractions.
x+x

Markscheme
−1 −1 A B
= ≡ +      M1M1A1
x+ x 2
( 1+ x ) x 1+ x x

⇒ − 1≡ A x + B(1+ x) ⇒ A=1 , B=− 1     M1A1

−1 1 −1
≡ +      A1
x+ x 1+ x x
2

[6 marks]
18c. [4 marks]
Use parts (a) and (b) to show that ln ( 1+t ) − ln t< ln2 .

Markscheme
t

∫ 1+1 x + −1
t
d x=[ ln ( 1+ x ) − ln x ]1=ln ( 1+ t ) − ln t −ln 2    M1A1A1
1 x

Hence ln ( 1+t ) − ln t − ln 2< 0⇒ ln ( 1+ t ) − lnt <ln 2     R1AG

[4 marks]
19a. [6 marks]
4 x −5
Let  f ( x )= 2       x ≠ 1 , x ≠ 2.
x − 3 x +2
Express f ( x) in partial fractions.

Markscheme
4 x −5 A B
f ( x )= ≡ +    M1A1
( x − 1 )( x −2 ) x − 1 x − 2
⇒ 4 x − 5≡ A ( x −2 ) + B ( x −1 )      M1A1
x=1 ⇒ A=1      x=2 ⇒ B=3       A1A1
1 3
f ( x )= +
x−1 x−2
[6 marks]
19b. [3 marks]
Use part (a) to show that f (x) is always decreasing.

Markscheme
′ −2 −2
f ( x )=− ( x −1 ) −3 ( x − 2 )    M1A1

This is always negative so function is always decreasing.     R1AG

[3 marks]
19c. [4 marks]
0

Use part (a) to find the exact value of ∫ f ( x) d x , giving the answer in the form ln q ,   q ∈ Q.
−1

Markscheme
0
1 3
∫ x −1
0
+ d x=[ ln|x −1|+3 ln|x −2|]− 1   M1A1
−1 x −2

4
¿ ( 3 ln 2 ) − ( ln 2+3 ln 3 )=2 ln 2 −3 ln 3=ln     A1A1
27
[4 marks]
20a. [3 marks]
 2 x+ 6
Let  f ( x )= 2
, x∈R.
x + 6 x+10
Show that f ( x ) has no vertical asymptotes.

Markscheme
2 2 2
x + 6 x+10=x + 6 x+ 9+ 1=( x +3 ) +1      M1A1
So the denominator is never zero and thus there are no vertical asymptotes. (or use of
discriminant is negative)       R1
[3 marks]
20b. [2 marks]
Find the equation of the horizontal asymptote. 

Markscheme
x → ± ∞ , f ( x ) →0  so the equation of the horizontal asymptote is y=0   M1A1

[2 marks]
20c. [3 marks]
1

Find the exact value of ∫ f ( x ) d x, giving the answer in the form ln q ,q ∈ Q .
0

Markscheme
1

∫ x 2+2 6x+x +10

6 17
1
d x= [ ln ( x + 6 x +10 ) ]0=ln 17 − ln10=ln       M1A1A1
2

0 10

[3 marks]
21a. [4 marks]
2
( ) 2 x −5 x − 12
Let  f x = , x ∈ R , x ≠ − 2.
x+ 2
Find all the intercepts of the graph of f ( x ) with both the x  and y  axes.

Markscheme
x=0 ⇒ y =−6 intercept on the  y  axes is (0, −6)     A1
2 −3
2 x −5 x − 12=0 ⇒ ( 2 x+ 3 )( x − 4 )=0⇒ x= ∨4       M1
2
intercepts on the  x  axes are ( −3
2 )
, 0 ∧( 4 ,0 )     A1A1

[4 marks]
21b. [1 mark]
Write down the equation of the vertical asymptote.

Markscheme
x=− 2    A1
[1 mark]
21c. [4 marks]
As  x → ± ∞ the graph of  f ( x ) approaches an oblique straight line asymptote.
Divide 2 x2 −5 x − 12 by  x +2 to find the equation of this asymptote.

Markscheme
6
f ( x)=2 x −9+           M1A1
x+ 2
So equation of asymptote is y=2 x − 9          M1A1
[4 marks]
22a. [4 marks]

x 2 − 10 x +5
Let  f ( x )= , x ∈ R , x ≠ −1.
x+1
Find the co-ordinates of all stationary points.

Markscheme
′ ( 2 x −10 ) ( x+1 ) − ( x 2 −10 x+ 5 ) 1
f ( x )=           M1
( x+ 1 )2

f ′ ( x )=0 ⇒ x 2 +2 x −15=0 ⇒ ( x+ 5 )( x −3 ) =0          M1

Stationary points are ( −5 , −20 )∧( 3 , −4 )         A1A1
[4 marks]
22b. [1 mark]
Write down the equation of the vertical asymptote.
Markscheme
x=− 1        A1
[1 mark]
22c. [4 marks]
With justification, state if each stationary point is a minimum, maximum or horizontal point
of inflection.

Markscheme
Looking at the nature table

        M1A1
( −5 , −20 ) is a max and ( 3 , − 4 ) is a min         A1A1
[4 marks]
23a. [2 marks]
Consider the function  f ( x )=− 2 ( x −1 ) ( x+3 ), for  x ∈ R. The following diagram shows part of
the graph of  f .

 
For the graph of  f
find the x -coordinates of the x -intercepts.
Markscheme
setting  f ( x )=0                (M1)
x=1 , x=−3 (accept ( 1 , 0 ) , ( − 3 ,0 ))                   A1

 
[2 marks]
23b. [3 marks]
find the coordinates of the vertex.

Markscheme
METHOD 1
x=− 1 A1
substituting their x -coordinate into  f                 (M1)
y=8                  A1
( −1 , 8 )
 
METHOD 2
attempt to complete the square   (M1)

−2 ( ( x +1 ) − 4 )              (M1)
2

x=− 1, y=8                  A1A1

 ( −1 , 8 )
 
[3 marks]
23c. [2 marks]

The function f can be written in the form  f ( x )=− 2 ( x −h )2 + k .

Write down the value of h and the value of k .

Markscheme
h=−1                 A1
k =8                 A1
 
[2 marks]
24a. [1 mark]
2 x+ 4
The function f is defined by  f ( x )= , where  x ∈ R , x ≠3 .
3−x
Write down the equation of
the vertical asymptote of the graph of  f .

Markscheme
x=3                  A1
 
[1 mark]
24b. [1 mark]
the horizontal asymptote of the graph of f .

Markscheme
y=− 2                 A1
 
[1 mark]
24c. [1 mark]
Find the coordinates where the graph of f crosses
the  x -axis.

Markscheme
( −2 , 0 )    (accept  x=− 2)                 A1
 
[1 mark]
24d. [1 mark]
the  y -axis.
Markscheme

(0 , 43 )   (accept  y= 34  and f ( 0 )= 43 )                 A1

 
[1 mark]
24e. [1 mark]
Sketch the graph of f on the axes below.
Markscheme

               A1

Note: Award A1 for completely correct shape: two branches in correct quadrants with
asymptotic behaviour.
 
[1 mark]
25a. [1 mark]
The function f is defined for all  x ∈ R. The line with equation y=6 x −1 is the tangent to the
graph of f at x=4.
Write down the value of f ′ ( 4 ).

Markscheme
f ′ ( 4 )=6               A1

 
[1 mark]
25b. [1 mark]
Find  f ( 4 ) .

Markscheme
f ( 4 ) =6 × 4 −1=23               A1

 
[1 mark]
25c. [2 marks]

The function g is defined for all x ∈ R where g ( x )=x 2 −3 x and h ( x )=f ( g ( x ) ).

Find h ( 4 ).

Markscheme
h ( 4 )=f ( g ( 4 ) )                 (M1)

h ( 4 )=f ( 4 − 3 ×4 )=f ( 4 )
2

h ( 4 )=23                  A1

 
[2 marks]
25d. [3 marks]
Hence find the equation of the tangent to the graph of h at x=4.

Markscheme
attempt to use chain rule to find h ′                  (M1)
f ′ ( g ( x ) ) × g ′ ( x )   OR   ( x 2 − 3 x ) ′ × f ′ ( x 2 − 3 x )

h ′ ( 4 )= ( 2× 4 − 3 ) f ′ ( 4 2 − 3 ×4 )                 A1
         ¿ 30  
y −23=30 ( x − 4 )    OR    y=30 x −97                  A1

 
[3 marks]
26a. [2 marks]
 2
6 2 x − 5 x −3
Show that 2 x −3 − = , x ∈ R , x ≠ 1.
x−1 x−1

Markscheme
METHOD 1
attempt to write all LHS terms with a common denominator of x − 1                 (M1)
6 2 x ( x −1 ) −3 ( x −1 ) −6 ( 2 x −3 ) ( x −1 ) 6
2 x −3 − =    OR    −
x−1 x −1 x −1 x −1
2 2
2 x − 2 x −3 x+ 3− 6 2 x − 5 x+3 6
¿    OR    −                  A1
x−1 x −1 x −1
2
2 x − 5 x −3
¿                  AG
x−1
 
METHOD 2
attempt to use algebraic division on RHS                 (M1)
correctly obtains quotient of 2 x −3 and remainder −6                  A1
6
¿ 2 x −3 −  as required.                 AG
x−1
 
[2 marks]
26b. [5 marks]
6 π
Hence or otherwise, solve the equation  2 sin 2θ − 3− =0   for  0 ≤ θ ≤ π , θ≠ .
sin 2 θ −1 4

Markscheme
2
2sin 2 θ −5 sin 2θ − 3
consider the equation  =0                 (M1)
sin 2 θ −1
2
⇒ 2 sin 2 θ −5 sin 2 θ −3=0

EITHER
attempt to factorise in the form ( 2 sin 2θ+ a ) ( sin 2θ+ b )                 (M1)
Note: Accept any variable in place of sin 2 θ.

( 2 sin 2θ+1 )( sin 2 θ− 3 )=0

OR
attempt to substitute into quadratic formula                 (M1)
5 ± √ 49
sin 2 θ=
4

THEN
1
sin 2 θ=−   or  sin 2 θ=3                  (A1)
2

1
Note: Award A1 for sin 2 θ=−  only.
2

7π 11 π
one of    OR      (accept 210  or 330)                 (A1)
6 6
7 π 11 π
θ= ,   (must be in radians)                 A1
12 12

Note: Award A0 if additional answers given.

 
[5 marks]
27a. [2 marks]
A particle P moves along the x -axis. The velocity of P is v m s −1 at time t seconds, where
v ( t )=4+ 4 t −3 t 2 for 0 ≤ t ≤ 3. When t=0 , P is at the origin O .
Find the value of t when P reaches its maximum velocity.

Markscheme
b
valid approach to find turning point ( v ′=0 , − , average of roots)                 (M1)
2a
 2
4 − +2
4 −6 t =0    OR   −    OR    3
2 ( −3 )
2
2
t=  (s)                 A1
3
  
[2 marks]
27b. [5 marks]
88
Show that the distance of P from O at this time is   metres.
27

Markscheme
attempt to integrate  v                  (M1)

∫ v d t= ∫ ( 4+ 4 t − 3 t ) d t=4 t +2 t −t ( +c )                  A1A1
2 2 3

Note: Award A1 for 4 t+2 t 2, A1 for −t 3.

attempt to substitute their t into their solution for the integral                 (M1)

() () ()
2 3
2 2 2
distance¿ 4 +2 −
3 3 3
8 8 8
¿ + −  (or equivalent)                           A1
3 9 27
88
¿  (m)                   AG
27
  
[5 marks]
27c. [4 marks]
Sketch a graph of v against t , clearly showing any points of intersection with the axes.
Markscheme

valid approach to solve 4 + 4 t −3 t 2=0    (may be seen in part (a))                 (M1)

−4 ± √ 16+ 48
( 2 −t )( 2+3 t )  OR  
−6
correct x - intercept on the graph at t=2                 A1

Note: The following two A marks may only be awarded if the shape is a concave down
parabola. These two marks are independent of each other and the (M1).

correct domain from 0 to 3 starting at ( 0 , 4 )                 A1

Note: The 3 must be clearly indicated.

2
vertex in approximately correct place for t=  and  v> 4                  A1
3
 
[4 marks]
27d. [5 marks]
Find the total distance travelled by P .
Markscheme
3

recognising to integrate between 0 and 2, or 2 and 3   OR   ∫|4+ 4 t − 3 t |d t                 (M1)

2

∫ ( 4+ 4 t − 3 t2 ) d t
0

¿ 8                  A1
3

∫ ( 4+ 4 t − 3 t2 ) d t
2

¿ −5                  A1
valid approach to sum the two areas (seen anywhere)                (M1)

| |
2 3 2 3

∫ v d t −∫ v d t    OR   ∫ v d t + ∫ v d t
0 2 0 2

total distance travelled ¿ 13 (m)                 A1

 
[5 marks]
28a. [2 marks]
Consider the function  f ( x )=ax  where  x , a∈ R and  x >0 , a>1.

The graph of f contains the point  ( 23 , 4).

Show that a=8.

Markscheme
f ( 23 )=4   OR   a =4             (M1)
2
3

3 3
a=4 2    OR   a=( 2 )    OR   a =64    OR   √ a=2                 A1
2 3
2 2

a=8                 AG
 
[2 marks]
28b. [1 mark]
Write down an expression for  f −1 ( x ) .

Markscheme
−1
f ( x ) =log 8 x                  A1

Note: Accept  f −1 ( x ) =log a x .

−1 ln x
         Accept any equivalent expression for  f −1 e.g.  f (x )= .
ln 8
 
[1 mark]
28c. [3 marks]
Find the value of f −1 ( √ 32 ) .

Markscheme
correct substitution                 (A1)
1
log 8 √ 32   OR   8 x =32 2

correct working involving log/index law                 (A1)

5
1 5 1 5 2 5
log 8 32   OR    log 8 2   OR   log 8 2=    OR   log 2 2    OR   log 2 8=3   OR    ln 2    OR   23 x =2 2
2 2 3 2 3
ln 2
5
f
−1
( √32 ) =                  A1
6
 
[3 marks]
28d. [4 marks]
Consider the arithmetic sequence log 8 27 , log 8 p , log 8 q , log 8 125 , where  p>1 and q >1.
Show that 27 , p , q and 125 are four consecutive terms in a geometric sequence.

Markscheme
METHOD 1
equating a pair of differences               (M1)
u2 −u1=u 4 −u3 ( ¿ u3 −u2 )
log 8 p − log 8 27=log 8 125 − log 8 q

log 8 125 − log8 q=log8 q −log 8 p

log 8 ( 27p )=log ( 125q ) , log ( 125q )=log ( qp )           A1A1

8 8 8

p 125 125 q
=   and   =            A1
27 q q p
27 , p , q and 125 are in geometric sequence           AG

5
Note: If candidate assumes the sequence is geometric, award no marks for part (i). If r =  
3
has been found, this will be awarded marks in part (ii).
 
METHOD 2
expressing a pair of consecutive terms, in terms of d                (M1)

p=8d ×27  and q=8 2d × 27   OR   q=8 2d × 27 and 125=83 d ×27

two correct pairs of consecutive terms, in terms of d                  A1

8d ×27 82 d ×27 83 d × 27
= d =   (must include 3 ratios)                 A1
27 8 ×27 82 d × 27
all simplify to 8 d                 A1
27 , p , q and 125 are in geometric sequence           AG
 
[4 marks]
28e. [5 marks]
Find the value of p and the value of q .

Markscheme
METHOD 1 (geometric, finding r )

u 4=u1 r 3   OR   125=27 ( r )3                 (M1)

5
r =   (seen anywhere)                 A1
3
 125 5
p=27 r    OR    =                  (M1)
q 3
p=45 , q=75       A1A1
 
METHOD 2 (arithmetic)
u 4=u1 +3 d    OR   log 8 125=log 8 27+3 d                  (M1)

( 53 )  (seen anywhere)                 A1

d=log 8

log p=log 27+log ( )   OR   log q=log 27+ 2 log ( )                 (M1)

5 5
8 8 8 8 8 8
3 3

p=45 , q=75       A1A1

 
METHOD 3 (geometric using proportion)
recognizing proportion                 (M1)
p q=125× 27   OR   q 2=125 p    OR    p2=27 q

two correct proportion equations                 A1

attempt to eliminate either p or q                  (M1)
2 125× 27 2 125 ×27
q =125 ×    OR    p =27 ×
q p
p=45 , q=75       A1A1
 
[5 marks]
29a. [2 marks]
Consider a function f with domain a< x<b . The following diagram shows the graph of f ′
, the derivative of f .
The graph of f ′ , the derivative of f , has x -intercepts at x= p , x=0 and x=t . There are local
maximum points at x=q and x=t and a local minimum point at x=r .
Find all the values of x where the graph of f is increasing. Justify your answer.

Markscheme
Special note: In this question if candidates use the word 'gradient' in their reasoning. e.g.
gradient is positive, it must be clear whether this is the gradient of f or the gradient of f ′ to
earn the R mark.
 
f  increases when  p< x <0                A1
f  increases when  f ′ ( x ) >0    OR    f ′  is above the x -axis                R1

Note: Do not award A0R1.

 
[2 marks]
29b. [1 mark]
Find the value of x where the graph of f has a local maximum.

Markscheme
Special note: In this question if candidates use the word 'gradient' in their reasoning. e.g.
gradient is positive, it must be clear whether this is the gradient of f or the gradient of f ′ to
earn the R mark.
 
x=0                A1
 
[1 mark]
29c. [2 marks]
Find the value of x where the graph of f has a local minimum. Justify your answer.

Markscheme
Special note: In this question if candidates use the word 'gradient' in their reasoning. e.g.
gradient is positive, it must be clear whether this is the gradient of f or the gradient of f ′ to
earn the R mark.
 
f  is minimum when  x= p               A1
because  f ′ ( p )=0 , f ′ ( x ) <0 when  x < p and  f ′ ( x ) >0  when  x > p
(may be seen in a sign diagram clearly labelled as  f ′ )
OR because f ′ changes from negative to positive at x= p
OR  f ′ ( p )=0 and slope of  f ′  is positive at  x= p               R1
 
Note: Do not award A0 R1
 
[2 marks]
29d. [3 marks]
Find the values of x where the graph of f has points of inflexion. Justify your answer.
Markscheme
Special note: In this question if candidates use the word 'gradient' in their reasoning. e.g.
gradient is positive, it must be clear whether this is the gradient of f or the gradient of f ′ to
earn the R mark.
 
f  has points of inflexion when x=q , x=r  and  x=t                A2

f ′  has turning points at  x=q , x=r  and  x=t

OR
f ' ' ( q )=0 , f ' ' ( r )=0  and  f ' ' (t )=0 and  f ′  changes from increasing to decreasing or vice versa
at each of these x -values (may be seen in a sign diagram clearly labelled as  f ' '  and  f ′ )          
R1
 
Note: Award A0 if any incorrect answers are given. Do not award A0R1
 
[3 marks]
29e. [6 marks]
The total area of the region enclosed by the graph of f ′ , the derivative of f , and the x -axis is
20.
Given that  f ( p ) + f ( t )=4 , find the value of  f ( 0 ).

Markscheme
Special note: In this question if candidates use the word 'gradient' in their reasoning. e.g.
gradient is positive, it must be clear whether this is the gradient of f or the gradient of f ′ to
earn the R mark.
 
recognizing area from p to t (seen anywhere)               M1
t

∫|f ′|x||d x
p

recognizing to negate integral for area below x -axis               (M1)

0 t 0 0

∫ f ′ ( x ) d x −∫ f ′ ( x ) d x   OR   ∫ f ′ ( x ) d x+∫ f ′ ( x ) d x
p 0 p t
 n

∫ f ′ ( x ) d x=f ( n ) − f ( m ) (for any integral)               (M1)

m

f ( 0 ) − f ( p ) − [ f [ t ] − f [ 0 ] ]   OR    f ( 0 ) − f ( p ) +f ( 0 ) − f ( t )                (A1)

2 f ( 0 ) − [ f [ t ] + f [ p ] ] =20 , 2 f ( 0 ) − 4=20                (A1)

f ( 0 )=12               A1

 
[6 marks]
30a. [2 marks]

Consider the equation ( z − 1 )3=i , z ∈C . The roots of this equation are ω 1, ω 2 and ω 3,
where  I m ( ω 2) > 0 and  I m ( ω 3) < 0.
π
i
Verify that ω =1+e 6  is a root of this equation.
1

Markscheme

(1+ e −1 )
π 3
i
6

( )                    A1
π 3
i
6
¿ e
π
i
¿ e                   A1
2

π π
¿ cos +i sin
2 2
¿ i                   AG
 
Note: Candidates who solve the equation correctly can be awarded the above two marks.
The working for part (i) may be seen in part (ii).
 
[2 marks]
30b. [4 marks]
Find ω 2 and ω 3, expressing these in the form a+ ei θ , where a ∈ R  and θ> 0.
Markscheme
π
i( +2 π k)
3
( z − 1 ) =e 2                   (M1)
π 4π k
i( + )
z − 1=e 6 6                   (M1)
5π
i
( k =1 ) ⇒ ω2=1+e 6                   A1
9π
i
( k =2 ) ⇒ ω3=1+ e 6                   A1

 
[4 marks]
30c. [4 marks]
The roots ω 1, ω 2 and ω 3 are represented by the points A , B and C respectively on an Argand
diagram.
Plot the points A , B and C on an Argand diagram.

Markscheme
EITHER
π 5π 9π
attempt to express e i 6 , e i 6 , e i 6  in Cartesian form and translate 1 unit in the positive
direction of the real axis                  (M1)

OR
attempt to express w 1, w 2 and w 3 in Cartesian form                  (M1)

THEN
Note: To award A marks, it is not necessary to see A ,  B or C , the w 1, or the solid lines
                  A1A1A1
 
[4 marks]
30d. [3 marks]
Find  A C .

Markscheme
valid attempt to find ω 1 − ω3 ( o r ω3 − ω1 )                     M1

ω 1 − ω3= 1+ ( 2 2 )
√3 + 1 i − ( 1 −i )= √ 3 + 3 i   OR  cos π +i sin π +i sin π
2 2 6 6 2

valid attempt to find  |√ |

3 3
+ i                      M1
2 2

¿
√ 3 9
+
4 4
A C=√ 3                     A1
 
[3 marks]
30e. [3 marks]

Consider the equation ( z − 1 )3=i z 3 , z ∈C .

1
α=
By using de Moivre’s theorem, show that  i
π  is a root of this equation.
1− e 6

Markscheme
METHOD 1

( )
3
( z − 1 )3 =i z 3 ⇒ z − 1 =i                     M1
z

( )
π
z−1 3 i2
=e                      A1
z
π
α −1 i 6
=e                      A1
α

Note: This step to change from z to α may occur at any point in MS.

π
i
6
α − 1=α e
π
i
α − α e 6 =1

α (1 − e )=1
π
i
6

1
α=
i
π                      AG
6
1− e
 
METHOD 2

( )
3
( z − 1 )3 =i z 3 ⇒ z − 1 =i                      M1
z
( )
π
1 3 i2
1 − =e                      A1
z
π
1 i
1 − =e 6                      A1
z

Note: This step to change from  z  to α  may occur at any point in MS.

π
i
6 1
1 −e =
α
1
α=
i
π                      AG
1− e 6

 
METHOD 3

( )
3
3 1
LHS¿ ( z − 1 ) = i
π
−1
6
1 −e

( )
π 3
i
6
e
¿ π
i
6
1 −e

( )
i i
¿ ¿
( 1− e ) ( )
π 3
5 3√3
+i √ −
i 3 3 5                       M1A1
6 −
2 2 2 2

Note: Award M1 for applying de Moivre’s theorem (may be seen in modulus- argument
form.)

( )
3
3 1
RHS¿ i z =i i
π
6
1 −e

i
¿
( 1− e )                      A1
π 3
i
6

 ( z − 1 )3=i z 3                     AG

 
METHOD 4

( z − 1 )3=i z 3

z 3 − 3 z 2 +3 z − 1=i z 3
( 1 −i ) z 3 −3 z 2+3 z −1=0                     (M1)

( ) ( ) ( )
3 2
1 1 1
( 1 −i ) π
−3 π
+3 π
−1
i i i
6 6 6
1−e 1 −e 1−e

( )+3 ( 1− e ) − (1 − e )                      (A1)
π π 2 π 3
i i i
6 6 6
¿ ( 1− i ) − 3 1 − e

¿ ( 1− i ) − 3 (1 − e )+3 ( 1− 2 e ) − ( 1− 3 e )                     A1
π π π π π π
i i i i i i
6 6 3 6 3 2
+e +3 e −e
¿ 0                      AG

Note: If the candidate does not interpret their conclusion, award (M1)(A1)A0 as

appropriate.
 
[3 marks]
30f. [6 marks]
Determine the value of ℜ ( α ).

Markscheme
METHOD 1
1 1
=
( )
π
i π π                     M1
1− e 6 1− cos +i sin
6 6
2
¿                      A1
2− √ 3 −i
attempt to use conjugate to rationalise                    M1
4 − 2 √ 3+2 i
¿ 2                      A1
( 2− √3 ) +1
4 − 2 √ 3+2 i
¿                      A1
8− 4 √3
 1 1
¿ + i
2 4 − 2 √3
1
⇒ ℜ ( α )=                      A1
2

Note: Their final imaginary part does not have to be correct in order for the final three A
marks to be awarded
 
METHOD 2
1 1
=
( )
π
i π π                     M1
1− e 6 1− cos +i sin
6 6

attempt to use conjugate to rationalise                    M1

¿
1
×
( 1 −cos ) +isin
π
6
π
6
                     A1
(1 −cos 6 ) −isin 6 (1 −cos 6 )+isin 6
π π π π

(¿ 1− cos π6 )+ isin π6                      A1

(1 −cos π6 ) +sin π6
2
2

¿
( 1− cos )+ isin
π
6
π
6
π π π
1− 2cos + cos2 + sin 2
6 6 6

(¿ 1 −cos π6 )+i sin π6                      A1

π
2 −2 cos
6
π
i sin
1 6
¿ +
2 π
2− 2 cos
6
1
⇒ ℜ ( α )=                      A1
2
Note: Their final imaginary part does not have to be correct in order for the final
three A marks to be awarded
 
METHOD 3
π
−i
12
e
attempt to multiply through by − π                     M1
−i
e 12

π
−i
12
1 e
π
=− π π                      A1
i i −i
1− e 6
e 12
−e 12

attempting to re-write in r-cis form                    M1

¿−
( π
12 ) +i sin (− )
π
cos −
12
                     A1
12 ( 12 )
cos +i sin − cos (− ) +i sin ( − )
π π π π
12 12

π π
cos −i sin
12 12
¿−                      A1
π
2 isin
12
1 1
¿ − cot
2 2i
π 1 1
¿ + icot
12 2 2
π
12 ( )
1
⇒ ℜ ( α )=                      A1
2
 
METHOD 4
π
−i
6
1− e
attempt to multiply through by  π                     M1
−i
1− e 6

π
−i
6
1 1− e
π
= π π                      A1
i −i i
1− e 6
1− e 6
− e +1 6

attempting to re-write in r-cis form                    M1

 π π
1− cos − isin
6 6
¿                     A1
π
2− 2 cos
6
attempt to re-write in Cartesian form                    M1

( )
1−
√3 − 1 i 2 −√3 1
2 2 2 2
¿ ¿ +i
2− √ 3 2 −√3 2 −√3

1
⇒ ℜ ( α )=                      A1
2

Note: Their final imaginary part does not have to be correct in order for the final A mark to
be awarded
 
[6 marks]

Printed for ISIK FMV ERENKOY HIGH SCH

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