A Mini ProjectReport on

“smart greenhouse system”

Project Associates
Miss. GIRIJA YARAGUNTI (2VD19EE005)
Miss. POOJA KERWADKAR (2VD19EE009)
Miss. S. SWATI (2VD19EE014)

Under the guidance

Prof. KirankumarH.
Prof. SubrahmanyaH.

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

KARNATAK LAW SOCIETY’s

VishwanathraoDeshpande Institute of Technology,
Haliyal 581 329
(Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi)
(APPROVED BY AICTE NEW DELHI)
2021-2022
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Hard work,perseverance and determination to reach the goal to lead to ultimate success. But
no project is envisaged the help and guidance of an experienced person respected in the field
of the concerned subject. As the saying goes, coming together is beginning, keeping together
is progress and working together in success. Though the benefit achieved from them can
never be adequately valued, we should like to express our heartily gratitude towards them.
We express our sincere and heartfelt thanks to Dr.V.A.Kulkarni, Principal KLS'sVDIT,
Haliyal.
We wish to express our profound sense of deepest gratitude to Prof.A.V.Kolaki,Head of
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering KLS's VDIT, Haliyal for approving our
work with great interest.
We sincerely express our thanks to our guides Prof.Kirankumar H. and
Prof.Subrahmanya Hegde, Department of Electrical and Electronics, who have always been
a constant motivation and guiding factor throughout the project time in and out as well. It has
been a great pleasure or us to get an opportunity to work under them and complete the project
successfully
We wish to convey our sincere gratitude to the entire faculty, Department of Electrical and
Electronics Engineering, KLS's VDIT Haliyal. The facilities and co-operation received from
the technical staff is thankfully acknowledged.
 ABSTRACT

Nowadays due to different climatic changes taking place on our planet and affecting
agriculture. It is immediately applicable to the optimization of agricultural production in
greenhouses and contributes to slowing down the phenomenon of climate change through
water and energy savings. As the proper nutrition and all the essential parameters required for
the healthy growth of the plants are not so efficiently and exactly provided by the human
inspection, As a man cannothave all the time monitoring hence for such kind of drawbacks
we need an automatic monitoring and controlling the internal environment conditions of a
greenhouse can be implemented using microcontroller (Arduino) and the development of the
appropriate software. Although it did not exist at initial objectives of the work, at the process,
export of automated crop yield measurements was achieved. But the most important addition
would be the use of machine learning so that the unit can continuously improve the settings
of the environmental conditions, therefore without external intervention to apply the ideal
conditions for each type of crop and soil.
 CONTENTS

Title Page no
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 01
1.1: Objective 02
CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY 03
2.1: block diagram 03
2.2: Circuit Diagram 04
2.3: Proposed Model 07
CHAPTER 3: COMPONENT DESCRIPTION 08
3.1.1: Features of Arduino Uno ATmega328 08
3.1.2: Programming 10
3.1.3 : Warnings 10
3.1.4 : Power 11
3.1.5 : Memory 12
3.1.6 : Input and Output 12
3.1.7 : Communication 13
3.1.8 : Physical Characteristics and Shield Compatibility 13
3.1.9 :Automatic (Software) 14
3.1.10 : Revisions 14
3.2: LCD 15
3.2.1: Interfacing LCD with arduino 16
3.3 Thermistor 16
3.3.1: Thermistor Symbol — US and Japan 17
3.4: Soil sensor 17
3.4.1: Pin diagram 18
3.4.2 : working 19

CHAPTER 4: RESULTS & DISCUSSION 20

4.1: RESULT AND DISCUSSION 20
4.1.1: Advantages 21
4.1.2: Advantages 21
CONCLUSION 22

REFERENCE 23
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO FIGURES PAGE NO

Fig. 2.1 Block diagram of system 03
Fig. 2.2.1 Arduino with LCD 04
Fig. 2.2.2 Soil sensor with arduino 06
Fig. 3.1 Arduino 08
Fig. 3.1.1 Features of arduinouno ATmega328 09
Fig. 3.2 Liquid crystal display 15
Fig. 3.3.1 Thermistor symbol 17
Fig. 3.4 Soil Moisture sensor 17
Fig. 3.4.1 Soil Moisture sensor Pin 18
configuration
Fig. 4.1.1 LCD display when Moist is low 20
Fig. 4.1.2 LCM display when Moist is High 20
 Smart greenhouse system

Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Agriculture plays a prominent role in supplying the food for overgrowing population. Latest
technology and innovations are replacing the traditional methods in other fields, yet
agriculture is stuck with traditional methods, especially in India and other under developed
countries. Traditional methods in agriculture are more efficient only in ideal weather
conditions but now, it is unreliable weather due to global warming. Along with climate
changes farmers are also facing the problems. Eventually the number of farmers will
decrease and so does the productivity. These factors can be eliminated with help of the
greenhouse. In greenhouse, it is possible to create an artificial environment irrespective of
climatic conditions. A miniature greenhouse having dimensions 1.5m×1m×1m is a structure
with walls and roof made chiefly of transparent material in which plants requiring regulated
climatic conditions are grown. A more scientific definition is “a covered structure that
protects the plants from extensive external climate conditions and diseases, creates optimal
growth microenvironment, and offers a flexible solution for sustainable and efficient
yearround cultivation.” This greenhouse operates as a system and is also referred as
controlled environment plant production system (CEPPS). The greenhouse is filled with
equipment including heating, cooling, lighting, humidity and weather regulating devices
controlled by an Arduino microcontroller to optimize conditions for plant growth. These are
used to evaluate optimality degrees and comfort ratio of greenhouse micro-climate (i.e., air
temperature, relative humidity and weather conditions) in order to reduce production risk
prior to cultivation of a specific crop. Every person doesn’t have exact knowledge of
quantity and time to apply to crop. The designed system presently developed can precisely
monitor the humidity,temperature and watering facility for crops using Arduino
microcontroller. The objective of the project is to design an automated greenhouse
monitoring and controlling system which is purely sensor based and can manage everything
with minimum labour and cost. By using output signals given by different sensors Arduino
microcontroller will maintain pre-defined conditions for proper growth of plants in green
house. The purpose of project is to grow a crop in any climatic conditions at any time. This
is the future of small, medium and large agriculture sector.

1
 Smart greenhouse system

1.1 OBJECTIVE

The main objective is to build a cost effective automation system for greenhouse which is
equipped with sensors and microcontroller to control the parameters. It helps in reducing the
need of labour requirement and helps in growing any crop more efficiently in any weather
changing conditions. It also reduces the human error and increases the productivity. This
system reduces the drawbacks of the conventional farming and brings the change to our
conventional agricultural procedures. It is nothing but a small initiative of a huge upcoming
success of our agricultural and scientific sector. This project has large emerging scope in
unseasonal farming. Solar Panels can also be used for electricity generation.

2
 Smart gr
greenhouse system

Chapter 2
METHODOLOGY
2.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig. 2.1:Block D
Diagram Of System

The figue2.1 shows the block diagram of the system. the system consist of two relay
modules (i.e. for fan and soil sensor), LCD display, 9V Battery, Thermistor, Soil Moisture
Sensors, Arduino.

3
 Smart gr
greenhouse system

2.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

2.2.1 ARDUINO WITH LCD DISPLAY

Fig. 2.2.1: Arduino with LCD

• LCD can be used in two modes

modes- 4 bit mode or 8 bit mode. In 8 bit mode we require 8
data pins and 3 control pins whereas in 4 bit mode, data is sent using 4 data pins and 3
control pins.
• R/W pin is always grounded so we require only 6 pins in 4 bit mode, thus saving no of
pins.
• First initialize the library and then define pins using the command LiquidCrystallcd(RS,
E, D4, D5, D6, D7), pins are assigned in this order.
• LiquidCrystallcd(12, 11, 5, 4, 3, 2), here RS pin to 12, Enable pin to 11, D4 ppin to 5, D5
pin to 4, D6 pin to 3 and D7 pin to 2 respectively.
• Then in setup function write the message to display as lcd .print
• We can print message anywhere in the LCD by selecting column and row, it’s done by
writing lcd.setCursor(column, row). However there is one thing to consider, that’s the
4
 Smart greenhouse system

number of columns and rows start from zero. For example, to print a message on 2nd row
1st column, write “lcd. Set Cursor (0,1);” before the print command. Similarly for 5th
column and 3rd row, we write lcd. Set Cursor (4, 2).
• You can use “lcd. Write()” to send characters. To print zero on 2nd Colum 2nd row, type
lcd setCursor(1,1); lcd.write(48); where 48 is the decimal equivalent for ACII ‘0’.

2.2.2 HOW DOES THE THERMISTOR “READ” TEMPERATURE?

A thermistor does not actually “read” anything, instead the resistance of a thermistor
changes with temperature. How much the resistance changes depends on the type of
material used in the thermistor.

Unlike other sensors, thermistors are nonlinear; meaning the points on a graph representing
the relationship between resistance and temperature will not form a straight line. The
location of the line and how much it changes is determined by the construction of the
thermistor. A typical thermistor graph looks like this:

5
 Smart greenhouse system

2.2.2 SOIL SENSOR

Fig. 2.2.2:Soil Sensor With Arduino

This sensor mainly utilizes capacitance to gauge the water content of the soil (dielectric
permittivity). The working of this sensor can be done by inserting this sensor into the earth
and the status of the water content in the soil can be reported in the form of a percent.
This sensor makes it perfect to execute experiments within science courses like
environmental science, agricultural science, biology, soil science, botany, and horticulture.

6
 Smart greenhouse system

2.3 PROPOSED MODEL

In this section in fig. we can see some of the snapshots of the proposed working model.

System Component And Connection

Side View

7
 Smart greenhouse system

Chapter 3
COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION
3.1 Arduino

Fig. 3.1: Arduino

The Mega 2560 is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega2560. It has 54 digital
input/output pins (of which 15 can be used as PWM outputs), 16 analogue inputs, 4 UARTs
(hardware serial ports), a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an
ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the
microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with an AC-
to-DC adapter or battery to get started. The Mega 2560 board is compatible with most
shields designed for the Uno and the former boards.

8
 Smart greenhouse system

3.1.1 Features of Arduino Uno ATmega328

Fig.3.1.1: Features Of Aruinouno Atmega38

 The operating voltage is 5V

 The recommended input voltage will range from 7v to 12V
 The input voltage ranges from 6v to 20V
 Digital input/output pins are 14
 Analogue i/p pins are 6
 DC Current for each input/output pin is 40 Ma
 DC Current for 3.3V Pin is 50 mA
 Flash Memory is 32 KB
 SRAM is 2 KB
 EEPROM is 1 KB
 CLK Speed is 16 MHz
 Arduino Uno Pin Diagram

The Arduino Uno board can be built with power pins, analogue pins, ATmegs328, ICSP
header, Reset button, power LED, digital pins, test led 13, TX/RX pins, USB interface, an
external power supply

9
 Smart greenhouse system

3.1.2 Programming

The Mega 2560 board can be programmed with the Arduino Software (IDE). For details, see
the reference and tutorials. The ATmega2560 on the Mega 2560 comes pre-programmed
with a boot loader that allows you to upload new code to it without the use of an external
hardware programmer. It communicates using the original STK500 protocol (reference, C
header files). You can also bypass the boot loader and program the microcontroller through
the ICSP (In-Circuit Serial Programming) header using Arduino ISP or similar; see these
instructions for details. The ATmega16U2 (or 8U2 in the rev1 and rev2 boards) firmware
source code is available in the Arduino repository. The ATmega16U2/8U2 is loaded with a
DFU bot loader, which can be activated by:

On Rev1 boards: connecting the solder jumper on the back of the board (near the map of
Italy) and then resetting the 8U2.

On Rev2 or later boards: there is a resistor that pulling the 8U2/16U2 HWB line to ground,
making it easier to put into DFU mode. You can then use Atmel's FLIP software (Windows)
or the DFU programmer (Mac OS X and Linux) to load a new firm ware. Or you can use the
ISP header with an external programmer (overwriting the DFU boot loader). See this user
contributed tutorial for more information.

3.1.3 Warnings

The Mega 2560 has a resettable polypus that protects your computer's USB ports from
shorts and over current. Although most computers provide their own internal protection, the
fuse provides an extra layer of protection. If more than 500 mA is applied to the USB port,
the fuse will automatically break the connection until the short or overload is removed.

10
 Smart greenhouse system

3.1.4 Power

The Mega 2560 can be powered via the USB connection or with an external power supply.
The power source is selected automatically. External (non-USB) power can come either
from an AC-to-DC adapter (wall-wart) or battery. The adapter can be connected by plugging
a 2.1mm centre-positive plug into the board's power jack. Leads from a battery can be
inserted in the GND and VIN pin headers of the POWER connector. The board can operate
on an external supply of 6 to 20 volts. If supplied with less than 7V, however, the 5V pin
may supply less than five volts and the board may become unstable. If using more than 12V,
the voltage regulator may overheat and damage the board. The recommended range is 7 to
12 volts.

The power pins are as follows:

Vin: The input voltage to the board when it's using an external power source (as opposed to
5 volts from the USB connection or other regulated power source). You can supply voltage
through this pin, or, if supplying voltage via the power jack, access it through this pin.

5V: This pin outputs a regulated 5V from the regulator on the board. The boardcan be
supplied with power either from the DC power jack (7 - 12V), the USB connector (5V), or
the VIN pin of the board (7-12V). Supplying voltage via the 5V or 3.3V pins bypasses the
regulator, and can damage your board. We don't advise it.

3V3: A 3.3 volt supply generated by the on-board regulator. Maximum current draw is 50
mA. GND: Ground pins

IOREF: This pin on the board provides the voltage reference with which themicrocontroller
operates. A properly configured shield can read the IOREF pin voltage and select the
appropriate power source or enable voltage translators on the outputs for working with the
5V

11
 Smart greenhouse system

3.1.5 Memory

The ATmega2560 has 256 KB of flash memory for storing code (of which 8 KB is used for
the boot loader), 8 KB of SRAM and 4 KB of EEPROM (which can be read and written
with the EEPROM library).

3.1.6 Input and Output

See the mapping between Arduino pins and Atmega2560 ports: Each of the 54 digital pins
on the Mega can be used as an input or output, using pin Mode(),digital Write(), and digital
Read() functions. They operate at 5 volts. Each pin can provide or receive 20 mA as
recommended operating condition and has an internal pull-up resistor (disconnected by
default) of 20-50 k ohm. A maximum of 40mA is the value that must not be exceeded to
avoid permanent damage to the microcontroller. In addition, some pins have specialized
functions.
 Serial: 0 (RX) and 1 (TX); Serial 1: 19 (RX) and 18 (TX); Serial 2: 17 (RX) and 16 (TX);
Serial 3: 15 (RX) and 14 (TX). Used to receive (RX) and transmit (TX) TTL serial data.
Pins 0 and 1 are also connected to the corresponding pins of the ATmega16U2 USB-to-
TTL Serial chip.
 External Interrupts: 2 (interrupt 0), 3 (interrupt 1), 18 (interrupt 5), 19 (interrupt 4), 20
(interrupt 3), and 21 (interrupt 2). These pins can be configured to trigger an interrupt on
a low level, a rising or falling edge, or a change in level. See the attach Interrupt ()
function for details.
 PWM: 2 to 13 and 44 to 46. Provide 8-bit PWM output with the analogWrite () function.
 SPI: 50 (MISO), 51 (MOSI), 52 (53 (SS). These pins support SPI communication using
the SPI library. The SPI pins are also broken out on the ICSP header, which is physically
compatible with the Arduino /Genuino Uno and the old Duemilanove and
DecimalArduino boards.
 LED: 13. There is a built-in LED connected to digital pin 13. When the pin is HIGH
value, the LED is on, when the pin is LOW, it's off.

12
 Smart greenhouse system

 TWI: 20 and 21 (SCL). Support TWI communication using the Wire library. Note that
these pins are not in the same location as the TWI pins on the old Duemilanove or
DecimalArduino boards. See also the mapping Arduino Mega 2560 PIN diagram.
The Mega 2560 has 16 analogue inputs, each of which provides 10 bits of resolution. By
default they measure from ground to 5 volts, though is it possible to change the upper end
of their range using the AREFPIN and analogueReference () function.

3.1.7 Communication

The Mega 2560 board has a number of facilities for communicating with a computer,
another board, or other microcontrollers. The ATmega2560 provides four hardware UARTs
for TTL (5V) serial communication. An ATmega16U2 (AT mega 8U2 on the revision 1 and
revision 2 boards) on the board channels one of these over USB and provides a virtual com
port to software on the computer (Windows machines will need a .in file, but OSX and
Linux machines will recognize the board as a COM port automatically. The Arduino
Software (IDE) includes a serial monitor which allows simple textual data to be sent to and
from the board. The RX and TX LEDs on the board will flash when data is being
transmitted via the ATmega8U2/ATmega16U2 chip and USB connection to the computer
(but not for serial communication on pins 0 and 1). A Software Serial library allows for
serial communication on any of the Mega 2560's digital pins. The Mega 2560 also supports
TWI and SPI communication. The Arduino Software (IDE) includes a Wire library to
simplify use of the TWI bus; see the documentation for details. For SPI communication, use
the SPI library.

3.1.8 Physical Characteristics and Shield Compatibility

The maximum length and width of the Mega 2560 PCB are 4 and 2.1 inches respectively,
with the USB connector and power jack extending beyond the former dimension. Three
screw holes allow the board to be attached to a surface or case. Note that the distance
between digital pins 7 and 8 is 160 mil (0.16"), not an even multiple of the 100 mil spacing
of the other pins. The Mega 2560 is designed to be compatible with most shields designed
for the Uno and the older Diecimila or DuemilanoveArduino boards. Digital pins 0 to 13
(and the adjacent AREF and GND pins), analog inputs 0 to 5, the power header, and ICSP

13
 Smart greenhouse system

header are all in equivalent locations. Furthermore, the main UART (serial port) is located
on the same pins (0 and 1), as are external interrupts 0 and 1 (pins 2 and 3 respectively). SPI
is available through the ICSP header on both the Mega 2560 and Duemilanove / Diecimila
boards. Please note that I2C is not located on the same pins on the Mega 2560 board (20 and
21) as the Duemilanove / Diecimila boards (analog inputs 4 and 5).

3.1.9 Automatic

(Software) Reset Rather than requiring a physical press of the reset button before an upload,
the Mega 2560 is designed in a way that allows it to be reset by software running on a
connected computer. One of the hardware flow control lines (DTR) of the ATmega8U2 is
connected to the reset line of the ATmega2560 via a 100 Nano farad capacitor. When this
line is asserted (taken low), the reset line drops long enough to reset the chip. The Arduino
Software (IDE) uses this capability to allow you to upload code by simply pressing the
upload button in the Arduino environment. This means that the boot loader can have a
shorter timeout, as the lowering of DTR can be well-coordinated with the start of the
upload. This setup has other implications. When the Mega 2560 board is connected to either
a computer running Mac OS X or Linux, it resets each time a connection is made to it from
software (via USB). For the following half-second or so, the boot loader is running on the
ATMega2560. While it is programmed to ignore malformed data (i.e. anything besides an
upload of new code), it will intercept the first few bytes of data sent to the board after a
connection is opened. If a sketch running on the board receives one-time configuration or
other data when it first starts, make sure that the software with which it communicates waits
a second after opening the connection and before sending this data.

3.1.10 Revisions

The Mega 2560 does not use the FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip used in past designs.
Instead, it features the ATmega16U2 (ATmega8U2 in the revision 1 and revision 2 Arduino
boards) programmed as a USB-to-serial converter. Revision 2 of the Mega 2560 board has a
resistor pulling the 8U2 HWB line to ground, making it easier to put into DFU mode.
Revision 3 of the Arduino board and the current Genuino Mega 2560 has the following
improved features:

14
 Smart greenhouse system

 .pinout:SDA and SCL pins –near to the AREF pin –and two other new pins placed near
to the RESET pin,the IOREF that allow the shields to adapt to the voltage provided from the
board .In future, shields will be compatible both with the board that use the AVR,which
operate with 5V and with the board that uses ATSAM3X8E,that operate with 3.3V. The
second one is a not connected pin that is reserved for future purposes.
 Stronger RESET circuit.

3.2 LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY (LCD)

Fig. 3.2: Liquid Crystal Display

The LCD panel used in this block interfaced with micro-controller through output port.
This is a 16 character × 2Line LCD module, capable of display numbers, characters, and
graphics. The display contains two internal byte-wide registers, one for commands (RS=0)
and the second for character to be displayed (RS=1). It also contains a user programmed
Ram area (the character RAM) character that can be formed using dot matrix that can be
programmed to generate any desired. Two distinguished between these areas, the hex
command byte will be signify that the display RAM address 00h is chosen. LCD can add a
lot to our application in terms of providing a useful interface for the user, debugging an
application or just giving it a “professional” look. The most common type of LCD
controller is the Hitachi 44780 which provides a relatively simple interface between a
processor and an LCD. Using this inter is often not attempted by inexperienced designers
and programmers because it is difficult to find good documentation on the interface,
initializing the interface can be problem and the displays themselves are expensive.

15
 Smart greenhouse system

Connection to a PC parallel port is mostly simple. These displays can handle eight bit
input directly. They also need two extra lines to control which kind of data has just arrived
and when the data is meant to be stable. Those signals are also called RS (Register Select,
instruction or data register) and EN (enable). So it has to control ten data lines (8 bits + RS
+ EN) and one common ground (GND) line, which make eleven lines to the parallel port.
Data read back is not supported by the driver and so it does not require extra line for this.
The following table shows the needed connection.

3.2.3 Interfacing LCD with Arduino programming

Let’s summarize our program into the following steps.

Step1: Initialize the library for LCD.
Step2: Define LCD columns and rows in setup function.
Step3: Write the data to display.
Step4: If you want to display variables on LCD, write it in loop function. Loop function is a
must for all arduino sketches.Dept

3.3 THERMISTER

A Thermister is a resistance thermometer, or a resistor whose resistance is dependent on

temperature. The term is a combination of “thermal” and “resistor”. It is made of metallic
oxides, pressed into a bead, disk, or cylindrical shape and then encapsulated with an
impermeable material such as epoxy or glass.

There are two types of thermistors: Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC) and Positive
Temperature Coefficient (PTC). With an NTC thermistor, when the temperature increases,
resistance decreases. Conversely, when temperature decreases, resistance increases. This
type of thermistor is used the most.

A PTC thermistor works a little differently. When temperature increases, the resistance
increases, and when temperature decreases, resistance decreases. This type of thermistor is
generally used as a fuse.

Typically, a thermistor achieves high precision within a limited temperature range of about
50ºC around the target temperature. This range is dependent on the base resistance.

16
 Smart greenhouse system

3.3.1: Thermistor Symbol — US and Japan

Fig. 3.3.1: Thermistor Symbol

3.4 Soil Moisture Sensor

Fig. 3.4: Soil Moisture Sensor

What is a Soil Moisture Sensor?

The soil moisture sensor is one kind of sensor used to gauge the volumetric content of water
within the soil. As the straight gravimetric dimension of soil moisture needs eliminating,
drying, as well as sample weighting. These sensors measure the volumetric water content
not directly with the help of some other rules of soil like dielectric constant, electrical
resistance, otherwise interaction with neutrons, and replacement of the moisture content.
17
 Smart greenhouse system

The relation among the calculated property as well as moisture of soil should be adjusted &
may change based on ecological factors like temperature, type of soil, otherwise electric
conductivity. The microwave emission which is reflected can be influenced by the moisture
of soil as well as mainly used in agriculture and remote sensing within hydrology.

These sensors normally used to check volumetric water content, and another group of
sensors calculates a new property of moisture within soils named water potential. Generally,
these sensors are named as soil water potential sensors which include gypsum blocks and
tensiometer.

3.4.1 Soil Moisture Sensor Pin Configuration

Fig. 3.4.1 Soil Moisture Sensor Pin Configuration

The FC-28 soil moisture sensor includes 4-pins

 VCC pin is used for power

 A0 pin is an analog output
 D0 pin is a digital output
 GND pin is a Ground

This module also includes a potentiometer that will fix the threshold value, & the value can
be evaluated by the comparator-LM393. The LED will turn on/off based on the threshold
value.

18
 Smart greenhouse system

3.4.2: How the Sensor Works

The Soil Moisture Sensor uses capacitance to measure dielectric permittivity of the
surrounding medium. In soil, dielectric permittivity is a function of the water content. The
sensor creates a voltage proportional to the dielectric permittivity, and therefore the water
content of the soil. The sensor averages the water content over the entire length of the
sensor. There is a 2 cm zone of influence with respect to the flat surface of the sensor, but it
has little or no sensitivity at the extreme edges. The figure above shows the electromagnetic
field lines along a cross-section of the sensor, illustrating the 2 cm zone of influence.

19
 Smart greenhouse system

Chapter 4
4.1 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Fig. 4.1.1: LCD Display When Moist Is Low

From the display it is confirmed that when the moisture is low, motor starts to rotate, then
it supplies water to plants at room temperature

Fig. 4.1.2: LCD Display When Moist Is High

From the display it is confirmed that when the moisture is high, motor stops to rotate, then it
does not supply water to plants and temperature sensor senses then fan starts to rotate due to
high temperature ( above 30 degree)

20
 Smart greenhouse system

4.1 Advantages :

 10-12% increase in yield depending upon the type of greenhouse, type of crop,
environmental control facilities
 Reliability of crop increases in green house cultivation
 Expands your growing season
 Expanding the variety among your produce

4.2 Disadvantages

 High upfront and operating expenses

 Lack of pollination
 Careful precautions must be taken to eliminate any pest or diseases to make sure your
next crop won’t be affected

It is possible to get back the investment on greenhouse within a period of 3-5 years period.
The success of greenhouse depends on the scale of the project. Minimum recommended
project with right economic viability and long term sustainability is around 1 to 2 years.

21
 Smart greenhouse system

CONCLUSION

This system helps in overcoming the agricultural traditional methods and helps in growing
crops efficiently with no errors. The greenhouse automation is done with aim of providing
specific consistent environment for plants, and prevents plants damaging from fluctuating
environmental conditions. Automation in greenhouse will help to reduce labor work with
efficient output. The main aim of the project is to provide healthy atmosphere to unseasonal
farming and have control over changing environmental conditions by using various
components.

22
 Smart greenhouse system

REFERENCE

1. Prof. D.O.Shirsath, Punam Kamble, Rohini Mane, Ashwini Kolap, Prof.R.S.More, “

smart greenhouse automation using Arduino”, International Journal of Innovative
Research in Computer Science & Technology (IJIRCST). ISSN: 2347-5552,
Volume-5, Issue-2, March 2017
2. B. VidyaSagar, “Greenhouse Monitoring and Automation using GSM”, International
Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 2, Issue 5, May 2012
3. Asst.Prof. KhaldunI.Arif, Hind Fadhil Abbas, “Design and Implementation a Smart
Greenhouse”, International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing
4. T. Saha, M. K. H. Jewel, M. N. Mostakim, N. H. Bhuiyan, M. S. Ali and M. K.
Rahman, “Construction and Development of an Automated Greenhouse System
Using Arduino Uno”, I.J. Information Engineering and Electronic Business, 2017, 3,
1-8
5. Prof. Vibha Wali, Yogesh Dalvi, Vishnu Subhash, Hemant kumar Sharma & Varun
Nair, “Automated Greenhouse”, Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research
(IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-3, 2017

23