‫ﻛﺘﺮ ﻣﻬﻨﺎ‪ -‬ﺷﺎﻳﺴﺘﻪﻓﺮ‬

‫ﺑﺮ
ﺳﻲ ﺳﻔﺎﻟﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﻣﻨﻘﻮ< ﺑﻪ ﻛﺘﻴﺒﻪ‬
‫
ﻣﻮ‪
-‬ﻳﺮ‪ :‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎ‪:‬‬

‫*‬
‫ﭼﻜﻴﺪ
‪:‬‬

‫ﻛﺘﺎ ﻣﺎ
‬
‫ﺳﻔﺎ[ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺧﻮ‪‰ j‬ﺗﻲ ﺧﻮ ﻫﻤﻮ‪ O‬ﻣﻮ ﺳﺘﻔﺎ‪ O‬ﺑﻮ‪V  O‬ﺛﺎ ﻳﺒﺎ ﺳﻔﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺗﺎﻳﺦ ﻳﺮ=  =‬
‫ﺗﺎﻳﺨﻲ )ﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﻫﺨﺎﻣﻨﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﺷﻜﺎﻧﻲ  ﺳﺎﺳﺎﻧﻲ( ﮔﻮ‪ O‬ﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﻋﺎﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﻔﺎﻟﮕﺮ ﻫﻢﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻳﻜﻲ  ﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎ ﺑﺰگ ﺗﻤﺪ=‬
‫ﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﻇﻬﻮ ﺳﻼ‪ 6‬ﺣﻲ ﺑﺎ‪  O‬ﻛﺎﻟﺒﺪ ﻫﻨﺮ ﺳﻔﺎﻟﮕﺮ ﻣﻴﺪ‪ O‬ﺷﺪ  ﺑﺎ ﻳﮕﺮ ﮔﺮ ﺻﺪﻫﺎ ﺳﺎ[ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﺷﻲ‬
‫ ﺳﻔﺎﻟﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎ  ﻧﻘﻮ}ﺷﺎ= ‪ O‬ﺷﺪ‪ =  .‬ﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺎﮔﺎﻧﺎ=‪ ،‬ﺣﻜﺎ‪  6‬ﻋﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺮ‪  6‬ﻫﻢﭼﻨﻴﻦ‬

‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ  ﺳﻔﻨﺪ ‪1385‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﻊ ﺳﺘﻔﺎ‪  O‬ﻇﺮ‪ M‬ﻃﻼ  ﻧﻘﺮ‪ ،O‬ﺳﻔﺎﻟﮕﺮ  ﮔﺴﺘﺮ‪ O‬ﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﻔﺎﻟﮕﺮ=‪ ،‬ﻟﻌﺎ‪C‬ﻛﺎ=‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺷﻨﻮﻳﺴﺎ=  ﻃﺮﺣﺎ= ‬
‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻓﺮ ﺑﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ  ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﻴﺎء ﺳﻔﺎﻟﻴﻦ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺷﺘﻨﺪ‪  .‬ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ  = ﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺳﻔﺎﻟﮕﺮ‬
‫ ‪=V‬ﻫﺎ  ﺷﺖ ﻣﻲﺗﻮ= ﺑﻪ ﺻﻔﻬﺎ=‪ ،‬ﺷﻮ}‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺷﺎ=‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺸﺎﺑﻮ   ﺷﺎ‪ O‬ﻛﺮ‪ .‬ﻫﻢﭼﻨﻴﻦ  ‪O‬ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ  ‪V‬ﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫‪26‬‬
‫ﺳﻔﺎﻟﮕﺮ ﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺷﺘﻪ  ‪V‬ﺛﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ  ‪V‬ﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺟﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ‪ O‬ﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮ=  = ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﻠﺠﻮﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﺻﻔﻮﻳﻪ ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺟﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻛﺮ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺳﻔﺎﻟﮕﺮ  ﻫﻴﭻ ‪ O‬ﭘﺲ  ﺳﻼ‪ 6‬ﺑﻪ ﺳﺖ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﺷﻲ ﺳﭙﺮ‪ O‬ﻧﺸﺪ‪ O‬ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﺘﻌﺪ‬
‫ ﺳﻔﺎﻟﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎ ﻳﺮ=  ﻣﻮ‪O‬ﻫﺎ ﻳﺮ=  ﺳﺮﺳﺮ ﻧﻴﺎ ﺟﻮ ‪ .‬ﭘﺎ‪  O‬ﻳﻦ ﺳﻔﺎﻟﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻧﻘﻮ} ﻛﺘﻴﺒﻪ ‬
‫ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺎﻻﻣﺎ[  ﻧﻘﻮ} ﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﻮﻧﻲ  ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺻﺮﻓ ًﺎ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﭘﮋﻫﺶ  ﻧﻘﻮ} ﻛﺘﻴﺒﻪ‬
‫ﻳﻦ ﺳﻔﺎﻟﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎﺳﺖ  ﻣﻨﻪ‪ N‬ﺑﺮﺳﻲ ﺧﻮ  ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮ‪ O‬ﻳﺮ= ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎ= ﻣﺤﺪ ﻛﺮ‪ O‬ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﻳﻦ  ﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺳﻲ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻲ  ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻜﻲ ﻇﺮ‪ M‬ﺳﻔﺎﻟﻲ ﺣﺎ ﻛﺘﻴﺒﻪ ﻛﻪ  ﻣﻮ‪ O‬ﻳﺮ= ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎ= ﻧﮕﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮ‬
‫ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﻮ‪O‬ﻫﺎ ﺟﺮﻳﻲ ﭼﻮ= ﻟﻌﺎ‪ ،C‬ﻧﮓ  ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐﺑﻨﺪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ O‬ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎ‪ O‬ﺧﻂ  ﺧﻮﺷﻨﻮﻳﺴﻲ  ﻫﻨﺮ ﺳﻼﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﭼﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮ= ﻳﻚ ﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﻫﻨﺮ  ﭼﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮ= ﻳﻚ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻫﺎ ﻣﻮ ﺑﺮﺳﻲ ﻗﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺳﺖ  ﻧﻈﺮ‪ B‬ﻓﺮﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ‪ =V O‬ﺑﺮ ﺷﺪ‪ O‬ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺧﻮﺷﻨﻮﻳﺴﻲ ﻫﻤﺎ= ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ  ﻣﻌﻤﺎ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﻬﻢ  ﻏﻴﺮﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺮﻳﺪ ‪  ،‬ﻛﺘﻴﺒﻪ ﻧﮕﺎ  ﻇﺮ‪ M‬ﭼﻪ ﻇﺮ‪M‬‬
‫ﻓﻠﺰ  ﭼﻪ ﻇﺮ‪ M‬ﺳﻔﺎﻟﻲ  ﭼﻮﺑﻲ  ‪ =V‬ﺑﻬﺮ‪O‬ﻫﺎ ﻓﺮ= ﺑﺮ‪ O‬ﺷﺪ‪ O‬ﺳﺖ‪  .‬ﻳﻨﺠﺎ ‪ 7‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ  ﻇﺮ‪ M‬ﺳﻔﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﺘﻴﺒﻪ‬
‫‪ O‬ﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺑﺮﺳﻲ ﺷﺪ‪ O‬ﺳﺖ  ﺑﻪ ﻏﻴﺮ  ﻃﻼﻋﺎ‪ B‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮ‪ Q‬ﺑﻪ ﺧﻄﻮ‪ Q‬ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎ ﻓﺘﻪ  ‪V‬ﻧﻬﺎ  ﺣﺪ ﻣﺠﺎ[ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻲ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﺋﻪ ﮔﺮﻳﺪ‪ O‬ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪-‬ﻣﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﺗﺎ
ﻳﺨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻲ  ﻫﻨﺮ‪ .

 .‬ﻳﻠﺨﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﭘﺲ  ﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺣﻤﻠﻪ ﻫﻼﻛﻮ ﺗﻤﺎ‪ 6‬ﻳﺮ=  ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺮﻣﺎ= ﻣﻐﻮ[ ﻗﺮ ‪   ،‬ﺷﻤﺎ[ ﻳﺮ= ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ‬
‫ ﻣﺮﻏﻪ ﺑﺘﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺴﻴﺤﻴﺎ= »ﻧﺴﺘﻮ«  ﺑﻮﻳﻲﻫﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﺑﻮ‪ ،‬ﭼﻪ ﺧﻮ ﻫﻼﻛﻮ ﺑﻮﻳﻲ  ﻫﻤﺴﺮ} »ﻗﻮﺧﺎﺗﻮ=«‬
‫ﻣﺴﻴﺤﻲ ﺑﻮ‪ .‬ﺷﻴﺪﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪ‪» O‬ﺗﺎﻳﺦ ﻣﻐﻮ[ﻫﺎ ﻳﺮ=« ﻣﻲﻧﻮﻳﺴﺪ‪» :‬ﭼﻮ= ﻗﻮﺧﺎﺗﻮ=  ﺧﺎﻧﻮ‪ O‬ﻣﺴﻴﺤﻲ‬

‫*
ﺳﺘﺎﻳﺎ‪ ,‬ﻫﻨﺮ
ﺳﻼﻣﻲ 
ﻧﺸﮕﺎ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺪ‪Z,‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺘﻮﻟﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ O‬ﺑﻮ ﻫﻤﻮ‪  O‬ﻫﻢﻛﻴﺸﺎ= ﺧﻮ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻲﻛﺮ«‪ .‬ﻫﻼﻛﻮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺣﺎ[ ﻫﻤﺴﺮ} ﺑﺎ ﻣﺴﻴﺤﻴﺎ= ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫ﻓﺘﺎ ﻣﻲﻛﺮ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﻳﻦ  ‪V‬ﻏﺎ ‪ O‬ﻣﻐﻮ[‪ ،‬ﺳﻼ‪ 6‬ﺑﺮ ﻣﺴﻴﺤﻴﺖ ﺑﺮﺗﺮ ﻧﺪﺷﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﺲ  ﻓﺎ‪ B‬ﻫﻼﻛﻮ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺴﺮ} ﭘﺴﺮ ﺧﻮ »ﺑﺎﻗﺎ«  ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻧﺸﻴﻨﻲ ﻫﻮﻻﻛﻮ ﻧﺎﻣﺰ ﻛﺮ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻗﺎ  ﺟﺎﻧﺸﻴﻨﺎ= ﻳﮕﺮ ﻫﻮﻻﻛﻮ‬
‫ ﻛﻪ  ﺗﺎﻳﺦ ﻣﺮگ  ﺗﺎ ﻧﻘﺮˆ ﻳﻦ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺖ ﻛﺮ‪O‬ﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﺳﻼﻃﻴﻦ ﻣﻐﻮ[ ﻳﺎ »ﻳﻠﺨﺎﻧﺎ=« ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ ‬
‫ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻳﺸﺎ= ﭼﻮ= ﻳﮕﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ= ﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻮﻧﻴﻦ ﻣﻐﻮﻟﺴﺘﺎ= ﻧﺪﺷﺘﻪ  ﻣﺤﻜﻮ‪ 6‬ﺣﻜﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺮﻗﺮ‪ 6‬ﻧﺒﻮ‪ ،O‬ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠﻲ ﻣﺤﺴﻮ‪ C‬ﻣﻲﺷﻮ‪  .‬ﺗﺎﻳﺦ ﺟﻠﻮ> ﺑﺎﻗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪﻳﺞ ﻧﻔﻮ‰ ﻣﻐﻮ[  ﺣﻜﻢ ﺧﻮﻧﻴﻦ ﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﻐﻮﻟﺴﺘﺎ=  ﻳﺮ=  ﻣﻴﺎ=‬
‫ﻣﻲ  ﺟﺎﻧﺸﻴﻨﺎ= ﻫﻮﻻﻛﻮ ‪  O‬ﺳﻢ ﺳﻼﻃﻴﻦ ﻳﺮ=   ﭘﻲ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ   ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ  ﭘﺎﺷﺎﻫﺎ= ﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻤﻠﻜﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﻲﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻦ ‪ O‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ ًﺎ  ‪V 656/1275‬ﻏﺎ  ﺑﺎ ﻓﻮ‪ B‬ﺳﻠﻄﺎ= ﺑﻮﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﻧﻬﻤﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﺷﺎ‪ O‬ﻳﻦ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪ 1335/736‬ﺧﺎﺗﻤﻪ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﻠﻮ> ﻏﺎ=ﺧﺎ= ﺑﻪ ﺗﺨﺖ ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺖ  ﺳﺎ[ ‪693/1293‬‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ﭘﻴﺮ ﺳﻼ‪ 6‬ﺑﻮ‪  3.‬ﻳﻦ ﺗﺎﻳﺦ ﺗﺎ ﻧﻘﺮˆ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻳﻠﺨﺎﻧﺎ= ﻳﺮ= ‪V‬ﻳﻴﻦ ﺳﻼ‪ ،6‬ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺳﻤﻲ ﻟﺖ  ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺖ‬
‫ﻳﻠﺨﺎﻧﺎ= ﮔﺮﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻦ ﻣﺮ  ﻟﺤﺎ ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﺣﻴﺎ‪  B‬ﺳﺘﻘﻼ[ ﻳﺮ= ﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﺴﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﺮ  ًﻻ  ﺳﺨﺘﻲ  ﻗﺴﺎ‪ B‬ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺖ ﻣﻐﻮ[  ﻳﺮ=‬
‫ﻛﺎﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴ ًﺎ ﻏﺎ= ﺑﻂ ﺧﻮ  ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎ= ﻣﻐﻮ[ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎ ‪ =V‬ﻣﺎ= ‬
‫ﻗﺮﻗﺮ‪ 6‬ﻳﺎﺳﺖ ﻓﺎﺋﻘﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻻ ﻫﻮﻻﻛﻮ ﺷﺖ‪ ،‬ﻗﻄﻊ ﻛﺮ   ﻣﺮ‬
‫ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺖ ﻳﺮ= ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺛﺎﻟﺜ ًﺎ ﺑﺖﭘﺮﺳﺘﻲ  ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺒﺎﻳﻞ ﻣﻐﻮ[‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎ ﻣﺎ
‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻳﺮ= ‪V‬ﻣﺪ‪ O‬ﺑﻮ ﺑﺮﻧﺪﺧﺖ  ﺗﻔﻮ‪ P‬ﻫﺒﺎ= ﺑﻮﻳﻲ ﺷﻤﻨﻲ ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء ﺳﻼ‪ 6‬ﻣﻮﻗﻮ‪ M‬ﻛﺮ  ﻣﻌﺎﺑﺪ  ﺑﺘﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ  ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪ> ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﺟﺪ ﻣﺒﺪ[ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ  ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺳﻼ‪  6‬ﭘﺲ  ﻫﻔﺘﺎ ﺳﺎ[ ﺗﺰﻟﺰ[‬
‫ﻣﺠﺪً ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ  ﻣﻐﻮ[ ﺳﺎﻧﻴﺪ‪ ....‬ﻋﻠﻮ‪ 6‬ﺳﻼﻣﻲ  ﺗﺸﻮﻳﻖ‬
‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ  ﺳﻔﻨﺪ ‪1385‬‬

‫ﻧﻤﻮ‪ ....‬ﻫﻞ ﻓﻀﻞ  ﻧﺶ  ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ  ﻳﺎ ﻧﻤﻮ  ﻧﺰﻳﻚ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ‬

‫‪V‬ﻣﮕﺎ‪ O‬ﺧﻮ  ﺑﺮﭘﺎ ﻛﺮ ﮔﺮﮔﺮ ‪ =V‬ﻣﺪﺳﻪ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﻧﻘﺎ‪ ،O‬ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺳﺘﺎ=‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺻﺪﺧﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﻴﻪ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ  ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻓﺎ‪ B‬ﺑﺮ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﺪ‬
‫‪27‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪V‬ﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎ ﻛﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻏﺎ=ﺧﺎ= ﺑﺎ ﺟﻮ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻛﻢ  ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺖ ﻛﻮﺗﺎ‪ O‬ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﻪ‬
‫ﺻﻼﺣﺎ‪  B‬ﻗﺪﻣﺎﺗﺶ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﺧﺼﻮ‪  j‬ﻧﻈﺮ ‪ O‬ﻣﻤﻠﻜﺖ ‬
‫ﭘﺎﺷﺎﻫﺎ= ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻳﺮ= ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﻲ   ﻳﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ   ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺰگﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﺷﺎ‪ O‬ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻳﻠﺨﺎﻧﺎ= ﻧﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻋﻤﺪ‪O‬‬
‫ ﻳﻦ ﻓﺘﺨﺎ‪ ،B‬ﺑﻲﺷﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﻳﺮ ﻻﻳﻖ  ﻣﺪﻳﺮ  ﺧﻮﺟﻪ‬
‫ﺷﻴﺪﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻓﻀﻞ ﷲ ﻫﻤﺪﻧﻲ )ﻓﺎ‪ (1218/718 B‬ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ‬
‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ‪ .1‬ﻛﺎﺳﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ‪M‬ﻳﺮﻟﻌﺎﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﺎ[ ‪ 1299/699‬ﺑﻪ ﻳﻦ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻧﺘﺨﺎ‪ C‬ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺻﻼﺣﺎ‪ B‬ﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫  ﺗﻤﺎﻳﻞ  ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻳﺮﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ  ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺖ ﻣﻐﻮ[  ﻳﺮ= ‪V‬ﻏﺎ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻀﻞ ﷲ ﻫﻤﺪﻧﻲ  ﺋﻞ ﻗﺮ= ﭼﻬﺎﻫﻢ‪ /‬ﻫﺸﺘﻢ  ﺳﻤﺖ ﺷﺮﻗﻲ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ ﺑﻊ ﺷﻴﺪ  ﺑﻨﺎ ﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺻﺪﻫﺎ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ‬
‫ﻛﺎ= ﺑﺮ ‪V‬ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻃﺎﻟﺒﺎ= ﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﺮ‪ OV‬ﺑﻮ‪ .‬ﻃﻼ‪ C‬ﻋﻠﻮ‪  6‬ﺧﻮﺷﻨﻮﻳﺴﺎ=  ﻧﻘﺎﺷﺎ= ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﮔﺮ ﻛﺘﺎ‪  C‬ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮﻣﻲ  ‪=V‬‬
‫ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﻲﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ  ﺑﻪ ﻳﺸﺎ= ﺧﺎﻧﻪ  ﭘﻮ[ ﺑﺮ ﮔﺬ= ﺧﻮﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﺮﻣﻨﺪ= ﺑﻴﻦﻟﻨﻬﺮﻳﻦ  ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﺷﺮﻗﻲ ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻳﺮ=  ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ  ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﭘﻴﺮﻣﻮ= ‪ ،=V‬ﻣﺮﻏﻪ  ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻨﺪ‪ 5.‬ﻣﻮﺿﻮ‪ L‬ﻳﮕﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺷﻬﺮ‪ B‬ﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻃﺒﻴﺐ  ﻣﻮ‹ ﺷﻬﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﻓﺰﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺄﻟﻴﻒ ﻛﺘﺎ‪» C‬ﺟﺎﻣﻊﻟﺘﻮﻳﺦ« ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ  = ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺖ ﻟﺠﺎﻳﺘﻮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻤﺎ‪ 6‬ﺳﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻌﺪ‬
‫ﻳﺎ ﻧﺴﺦ ﺧﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﻧﻘﺎﺷﻲﻫﺎ ‪ =V‬ﺑﻪ ﺳﺘﻮ ﺷﻴﺪﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﺮ ﻛﺘﺎ‪ C‬ﺟﺎﻣﻊﻟﺘﻮﻳﺦ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ O‬ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﺳﺒﻚﻫﺎ ‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎ ﻫﻨﺮ ﻧﻘﺎﺷﻲ ﻳﺮ= ﻛﻤﻚ ﻓﺮ= ﻛﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺤﺖ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ  ﻧﻈﺎ‪ B‬ﺷﻴﺪﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎ‪ C‬ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺟﺎﻣﻊﻟﺘﻮﻳﺦ ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ  ﺣﻮ~  ﺗﻔﺎﻗﺎ‪ B‬ﺗﺎﻳﺨﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮ‪ B‬ﻣﺼﻮ‬
‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﮔﺮﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺘﻮ  ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ  ﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎ‪ C‬ﺗﻬﻴﻪ  ﺑﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎ‪ O‬ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻏﺎ= ﺧﺎ=‪  7‬ﻳﺎ‪ 6‬ﺣﻴﺎ‪ ،B‬ﺑﺮ ﺧﻮﻳﺶ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ  ﺑﻪ ﻟﻴﻌﻬﺪ  ﺟﺎﻧﺸﻴﻨﻲ ﺧﻮ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﻮ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﭘﺲ  ﺟﻠﻮ> ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺨﺖ‪ ،‬ﻟﻘﺐ ﺳﻠﻄﺎ= »ﻟﺠﺎﻳﺘﻮ« ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺳﻠﻄﺎ= ‪V‬ﻣﺮﻳﺪ‪ O‬ﺧﺘﻴﺎ ﻛﺮ‪  .‬ﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺑﻴﺶ  ﺑﻴﺴﺖ  ﺳﻪ ﺳﺎ[ ﻧﺪﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﻟﺠﺎﻳﺘﻮ‬
‫)‪ (703-716/1203-1216‬ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻌﺎﺋﺮ  ‪ CV‬ﻳﺮﻧﻲ ﻋﻼﻗﻪ ﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺗﺸﻴﻊ  ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ ﻣﻮ‹ ﻣﻌﺮ‪ ،M‬ﺷﻴﺪﻟﺪﻳﻦ   ﻣﻘﺎ‪ B 6‬ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ  ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪﮔﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﺰ ﻋﺪ‪  O‬ﺳﻼﻃﻴﻦ ﺧﺎﺟﻲ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎ ﺗﺎ‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫ﻋﻼﻗﻪ   ﺑﻪ ﻳﺠﺎ ﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻤﺎ‪ 6‬ﻛﺸﻮﻫﺎ ﺟﻬﺎ= ﻋﻼ‪ 6‬ﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻏﺎ=ﺧﺎ=  ﺧﺮ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺧﻮ ﺧﻴﺎ[ ﺷﺖ ﺷﻬﺮ   ﻣﺤﻞ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻧﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺰﻳﻚ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻧﺠﺎ= ﻛﻨﻮﻧﻲ ﺑﻨﺎ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻳﻦ ﻛﺎ ﺳﺖ ‪ ،‬ﻟﻲ ﻋﻤﺮ} ﻓﺎ ﻧﻜﺮ  ﻟﺠﺎﻳﺘﻮ ‬
‫ﺳﺎ[ ‪ 705 /1205‬ﻗﺪ‪ 6‬ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻳﻜﻲ  ﺑﺎﺷﻜﻮ‪O‬ﺗﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﺮ ﺟﻬﺎ= ﺳﻼ‪  6‬ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻧﺎ‪» 6‬ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻧﻴﻪ«‬
‫ ﻋﺮˆ ‪ O‬ﺳﺎ[ ﻧﻤﻮ‪ .‬ﺷﻬﺮ‪ B‬ﻳﻦ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ‬
‫ﮔﻨﺒﺪ ﻳﮋ‪ }O‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﻳﮕﺮ  ﺷﺎﻫﻜﺎﻫﺎ ﻳﻦ ‪  O‬ﻣﺤﺮ‪C‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺻﻔﻬﺎ= ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﻣﺎ= ﻟﺠﺎﻳﺘﻮ ﭘﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫‪V‬ﻣﺪ  ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎ‪  6‬ﻣﺸﻬﻮ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ  ﻳﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻘﺒﺮ‪O‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ‪ 6‬ﺿﺎ)‪  (L‬ﻣﺸﻬﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺘﻮ  ﻣﺮﻣﺖ  ﻧﻮﺳﺎ‬
‫ﺷﺪ‪   .‬ﭘﺎ ﻛﻮ‪ O‬ﺑﻴﺴﺘﻮ= ﻧﻴﺰ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎ‪6‬‬
‫ﺳﻠﻄﺎ=‪V‬ﺑﺎ ﭼﻢ ﭼﺎ[ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻐﺪ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺑﻨﺎ ﻛﺮ‪  .‬ﺳﺎ[‬
‫‪  ،716/1316‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺶ  ﭼﻬﻞ ﺳﺎ[ ﻧﺪﺷﺖ‪ ،‬ﭘﺲ ‬

‫ﻛﺘﺎ ﻣﺎ
‬
‫‪ O‬ﺳﺎ[  ﻧﻪ ﻣﺎ‪ O‬ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺖ  ﮔﻨﺒﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﻜﻮﻫﻲ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺧﻮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺑﻮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎ‪ c‬ﺳﭙﺮ‪ O‬ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ ﻋﻬﺪ ﻟﺠﺎﻳﺘﻮ  ﺑﻮﺳﻌﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻂ ﺗﺠﺎ  ﻓﺖ‬
‫ ‪V‬ﻣﺪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻳﺮ=  ﭼﻴﻦ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﺠﺎ ﭼﻴﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ‬

‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ  ﺳﻔﻨﺪ ‪1385‬‬

‫ﻳﻦ ﻳﺎ‪ 6‬ﺗﺠﺎ‪ B‬ﺗﻤﺎ‪ 6‬ﻣﻤﺎﻟﻚ ﺷﺮﻗﻲ ﻃﺮ‪ M‬ﻣﺪﻳﺘﺮﻧﻪ ‬
‫ ﺳﺖ ﺷﺘﻨﺪ ﺷﺮ‪ L‬ﺑﻪ ﮔﺴﺘﺮ} ﺑﻂ ﺗﺠﺎ ﺧﻮ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﻛﺸﻮﻫﺎ ‪V‬ﺳﻴﺎﻳﻲ  ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻳﺮ= ﻧﻤﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻢﭼﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫‪28‬‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪﮔﺎ= ﭼﻴﻨﻲ  ﻟﺠﺎﻳﺘﻮ ﻣﻌﺎﻫﺪ‪ O‬ﺗﺠﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻗﺮ ﮔﺮﻳﺪ  ﻟﺠﺎﻳﺘﻮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺠﺎ ﭼﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﺘﻴﺎﺗﻲ ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﺲ  ﻣﺮگ ﺑﻮﺳﻌﻴﺪﺧﺎ=‪V ،‬ﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻳﻠﺨﺎ= ﺑﺰگ‪،‬‬
‫ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻳﻠﺨﺎﻧﺎ= ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ  ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻄﺎ‪ Q‬ﻓﺖ  ﻣﻘﺎ‪6‬‬
‫ﻳﻠﺨﺎﻧﻲ  ﻣﻴﺎ= ﻋﺪ‪  O‬ﺷﺎﻫﺰﮔﺎ= ﺧﺎﻧﺪ= ﭼﻨﮕﻴﺰ‬
‫ ﻣﺮ ﻣﺘﺨﺎﺻﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺿﻮ‪ L‬ﻧﺰ‪  L‬ﻛﺸﻤﻜﺶ ﻗﺮ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺖ  ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪﻳﺞ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻣﻤﺎﻟﻚ ﻳﻠﺨﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺷﺪ  ﻣﻴﻨﻪ  ﺑﺮ ﺳﺘﻴﻼ ﺗﻴﻤﻮﻳﺎ= ﻣﻬﻴﺎ ﻛﺮ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ‪ .2‬ﻛﺎﺳﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺳﻔﺎﻟﮕﺮ‪


 .‬ﻣﻐﻮﻻ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ‪M‬ﻳﺮﻟﻌﺎﺑﻲ‬
‫ﻗﺘﻞ ﻋﺎ‪  6‬ﻛﺸﺘﺎ ﺣﺸﺘﻨﺎ‪  c‬ﻫﻢﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺣﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻐﻮ[ﻫﺎ  ﻧﻴﺰ ﻏﺎ‪ B‬ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ‬
‫ﻼ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺪ‪B‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ‪ = =V‬ﻫﻤﭽﻮ=  ﺻﻮ‪ B‬ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮ ﺟﺘﻨﺎ‪C‬ﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻫﻨﺮ ﺳﻔﺎﻟﮕﺮ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﮔﺬ  ﻋﻤ ً‬
‫‪ 25‬ﺳﺎ[ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻇﺮ‪ M‬ﺗﺎﻳﺦ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﺸﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﺷﻲ ﻳﻦ ﻓﺎ‪  6‬ﺳﻔﺎﻟﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﺮﺑﻮ‪ Q‬ﺑﻪ ‪V‬ﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﺎ[ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻗﺮ= ﺳﻴﺰﻫﻢ‪ /‬ﻫﻔﺘﻢ  ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻗﻄﻌﺎ‪ B‬ﺗﻚﻧﮓ  ﻧﻘﺎﺷﻲ ﻳﺮﻟﻌﺎﺑﻲ ﺗﺎﻳﺦ ﺑﺎﻗﻲﻣﺎﻧﺪ‪ = =V  O‬ﻧﺸﺎ= ﻣﻲﻫﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ‬
‫ﺳﻔﺎﻟﮕﺮ  ﻳﺮ= ﻫﻢﭼﻨﺎ= ﻣﻪ ﺷﺘﻪ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ  ﻛﺎ ‪V‬ﻣﺪ= ﻳﻠﺨﺎﻧﺎ= ﺑﺴﻴﺎ  ﻛﺎﮔﺎ‪O‬ﻫﺎ ﻣﺠﺪً ﺣﻴﺎ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﻳﻨﻜﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎ  ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻦ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺳﻔﺎ[ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﮔﺮﮔﺎ=‪   ،‬ﻧﻴﺸﺎﺑﻮ ﻳﺮ= ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﺷﺎ=  ﻳﺮﻧﻲ  ﻣﺎ= ﻣﺎﻧﺪ‪  O‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺳﻔﺎ[  ﻳﻦ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪  c‬ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺳﺘﺎ ‪ =V‬ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ  ﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺳﻔﺎ[ ‪V‬ﻏﺎ ﺑﻪ‬
 ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻛﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪9‬‬

‫ﻫﻢﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺴﻴﺎ  ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎ ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺪﻛﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺗﺪ‪ 6‬ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻨﺪ‪  .‬ﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻧﻘﺎﺷﻲ  ﻟﻌﺎﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﻇﺮ‪ M‬ﻣﻴﻨﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺶ  ﻣﻐﻮ[ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪﻳﺞ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻘﺮˆ  ﺳﺒﻚ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ  ﻳﻦ ﻧﻮ‪ L‬ﻧﻘﺎﺷﻲ ﭘﺪﻳﺪ ‪V‬ﻣﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻇﺮ‪ M‬ﻻﺟﻮ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎ ﻓﺘﻪ  ﻳﻦ ﻇﺮ‪ M‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﻴﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﺳﺖ ﻣﺎ ﻧﮓ‪V‬ﻣﻴﺰ ‪ =V‬ﻣﺘﻔﺎ‪ B‬ﺳﺖ‪  .‬ﻳﻦ ﺳﻔﺎﻟﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻬﺮ‪O‬ﮔﻴﺮ  ﻫﻔﺖ ﻧﮓ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻧﮓﻫﺎ ﺳﻴﺎ‪  O‬ﺳﻔﻴﺪ  ﻗﺮﻣﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮ‪ O‬ﻃﻼﻛﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎ ﻣﻲﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻃﺮ‪J‬ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮ‪B‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺣﺘﻲ ﻣﺸﺒﻚﻛﺎ ﺟﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﺪ   ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﻟﻌﺎ‪ C‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﮓ ‪V‬ﺑﻲ ﺷﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻧﮓ ‪.‬‬
‫ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺳﺒﻚﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻇﺮ‪ M‬ﻻﺟﻮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺷﺎ= ﻣﻨﺴﻮ‪ C‬ﻣﻲﮔﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﺘﻔﺎ‪  O‬ﻳﻦ ﺳﺒﻚ  ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ‪ 6‬ﻗﺮ=‬
‫ﺳﻴﺰﻫﻢ‪ /‬ﻫﻔﺘﻢ ﻳﺞ ﺷﺪ‪  O‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪ‪ B‬ﻳﻚ ﻗﺮ= ﻣﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻚ ﻣﻌﺮ‪ M‬ﺑﻪ ﺳﻠﻄﺎ=‪V‬ﺑﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻟﻴﻦ ‪V‬ﺛﺎ ‪ =V‬ﺣﺘﻤﺎ ًﻻ  ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺳﻔﺎﻟﮕﺮ = ﻳﻠﺨﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ O‬‬
‫ﻳﮕﺮ ﺷﻴﻮ‪O‬ﻫﺎ ﻫﻨﺮ ﺳﻔﺎﻟﮕﺮ ﻳﻦ ‪ O‬ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﻔﺎﻟﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎ ﻳﻦ ﺳﺒﻚ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺗﺮ  ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦﺗﺮ  ﺳﻔﺎ[ﻫﺎ ﻧﻔﻴﺲ ﻗﺮ=‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺑﻮ‪  ،‬ﺳﻪ ﻧﻮ‪ L‬ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ :‬ﻧﻮ‪ [ L‬ﺳﻔﺎﻟﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎ‪ c‬ﮔﻞ > ﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﺪ‪ O‬ﺷﺪ‪  O‬ﻃﺮ‪ J‬ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮ‪ B‬ﻗﺎﻟﺐﻳﺰ‬
‫ﺷﺪ‪  O‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﮓ  ﺧﻄﻮ‪ Q‬ﺳﻴﺎ‪ O‬ﺟﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻮ‪L‬‬
‫‪ 6‬ﺳﻔﺎﻟﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ  ﻧﮓ ﺳﻴﺎ‪ O‬‬
‫‪V‬ﺑﻲ ﻻﺟﻮ ﻣﻨﻘﻮ} ﻣﻲﺷﺪ  ﺷﻜﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﺎﻣ ً‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺷﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻛﺎﺳﻪﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻦ ﺳﺒﻚ  ﻛﻨﺎ‪O‬ﻫﺎ ﺧﻤﻴﺪ‪  O‬ﺑﺎﻻ ‬
‫ﻟﺒﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻻ ‪V‬ﻣﺪ‪  O‬ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻪ ﺻﺎ‪ M‬ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﻮ‪L‬‬
‫ﺳﻮ‪ 6‬ﺳﻔﺎﻟﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎ ﺳﻠﻄﺎ=‪V‬ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﺳﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎ ﻣﺎ
‬

‫ﻛﻪ ﻛﻨﺎ‪ O‬ﮔﺮ ﺑﺎﻻ ‪V‬ﻣﺪ‪ O‬ﻧﺪ  ﻣﻨﻘﻮ} ﺑﻪ‬

‫ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻪ ﻧﮓ ﻳﺮﻟﻌﺎﺑﻲ  ﺷﻔﺎﻓﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬
‫‪V‬ﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﻮﻫﺎ ﺗﺰﻳﻴﻨﻲ ﻳﻪ  ﺗﺰﻳﻴﻦ‬
‫‪11‬‬
‫ﺷﺪ‪ O‬ﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ  ﺳﻔﻨﺪ ‪1385‬‬

‫ ﻳﻦ ‪ O‬ﺳﺒﻚ ﺳﻔﺎ[ﻫﺎ ﻳﻦ ﻓﺎ‪6‬‬

‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﻔﺎ[ﻫﺎ ﺗﻚ ﻧﮓ ﻟﻌﺎﺑﺪ ‬
‫ﺳﻔﺎﻟﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﻨﻘﻮ} ﻳﺮﻟﻌﺎﺑﻲ ﮔﺮﮔﻮ= ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪29‬‬
‫ﻳﻦ ﮔﺮﮔﻮﻧﻲ  ﺳﺒﻚ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻧﮓ ﻧﮕﺪﻧﻪﻫﺎ ‬
‫ﻼ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ‬‫ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻇﺮ‪ M‬ﺻﻮ‪ B‬ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺜ ً‬
‫ ﻛﺎﺳﻪﻫﺎ ﻳﻦﻓﺎ‪ 6‬ﻳﻦ ‪ O‬ﻣﻮﺟﻮ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺎ‪O‬ﻫﺎ ﮔﺮ ﺑﺎﻻ ‪V‬ﻣﺪ‪ . O‬ﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﺎ ﻇﺮ‪M‬‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺣﻠﻘﻮ ﺑﺎ  ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ  ﻫﻨﺮ‬
‫ﻓﻠﺰﻛﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ} ‪ 6‬ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ O‬ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ‪ .1‬ﻛﺎﺳﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ‪ 6‬ﺳﺪ‪ O‬ﭼﻬﺎﻫﻢ‪ /‬ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺳﻔﺎ[  ﻛﺎﺷﺎ= ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﺷﺪ  ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ  ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻛﺮﻣﺎ=  ﻣﺸﻬﺪ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ‪M‬ﻳﻦ ﻓﺎ?‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺟﻮ ‪V‬ﻣﺪ  ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎ= ﺑﺎ ‪ ،=V‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‪  ،‬ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻴﻦ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺰﻳﻴﻦ  ﻓﺮ‪
 3‬ﺳﻔﺎﻟﮕﺮ‪ .‬ﻣﻐﻮ‪+‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﻮ}‪ ،‬ﻧﮓﻫﺎ  ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺗﺰﻳﻴﻨﻲ ﺳﻔﺎﻟﮕﺮ  ‪ O‬ﻣﻐﻮ[ ﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎ‪ B‬ﻓﺎﺣﺸﻲ ﺑﺎ ‪O‬ﻫﺎ ﭘﻴﺶ  ‪ . =V‬ﻳﻦ‬
‫‪12‬‬
‫ﺗﻔﺎ‪B‬ﻫﺎ ﻋﻤﺪﺗ ًﺎ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺗﻔﻜﺮ‪ B‬ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻫﻨﺮ  ﺧﺎ  ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻐﺎ=  ﻣﻐﻮﻻ= ﺑﻪ ﻳﺮ= ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻫﻨﺮ ﺧﺎ   ﻳﻚ ﺟﻪ ﺧﻮ  ﻃﺮﻳﻖ  ﻇﺮ‪ M‬ﭼﻴﻨﻲ ﺳﻼ= ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪ ﻧﺒﻮﻫﻲ  ﺧﺎ‬
‫ﻧﺰﻳﻚ  ﺧﺎﻣﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ O‬ﺑﻮ   ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻛﺎﺳﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﻛﺎﻣ ً‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﺸﻬﻮ ﺑﻮ‪  .‬ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺗﺰﻳﻴﻨﺎ‪ 6 B‬ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‪  O‬ﻫﻨﺮ‬
‫ﭼﻴﻨﻲ ﮔﻠﺒﺮگﻫﺎ ﮔﻞ »ﻧﻴﻠﻮﻓﺮ ‪V‬ﺑﻲ« ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﻮﻣ ًﺎ ﺑﺮ  ﻛﺎﺳﻪﻫﺎ ﺗﻚ ﻧﮓ ﻳﻦ ‪ O‬ﻳﺪ‪ O‬ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻢﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﺼﺎﻳﺮ ﻗﻘﻨﻮ> ﻳﺎ ژﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮ‪ B‬ﻓﺴﺎﻧﻪ ﭼﻴﻨﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ  ﺣﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻐﻮ[  ﻫﻨﺮ ﻧﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻟﻴﻮ ﺗﺴﻮ= ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺳﺖ ﺳﺮﭼﺸﻤﻪ ﻳﻦ ﺗﺼﺎﻳﺮ ﻧﻪ ﺳﻔﺎﻟﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺑﺮﻳﺸﻢﻫﺎ ﭼﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ‪V‬ﻧﻬﺎ  ﺗﺰﻳﻴﻨﺎ‪ B‬ﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﻗﺮ= ﻫﻔﺘﻢ  ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻳﻦ ﺑﻮ‪ 13.‬ﻫﻢﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺷﻜﺎ[ ﻣﺎﻫﻲﻫﺎ ﻳﺮﻟﻌﺎﺑﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻨﺸﺄ ﺧﺎ ‬
‫ﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻫﻲ  ﺗﻔﻜﺮ ﭼﻴﻨﻲﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﺎ  ﺑﺎ  ﺣﺎﺻﻠﺨﻴﺰ ﺳﺖ  ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮ‪ B‬ﺗﺎﻳﻲ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺗﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺷﺪ‪O‬ﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺸﻢ ﻫﻨﺮﻣﻨﺪ ﻳﺮﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ  ﺻﺎﻟﺖ  ﻣﻨﺸﺄ ﻋﺪ ﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﻫﺎ ﺑﻲﻃﻼ‪ L‬ﺑﻮ‪ ،‬ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺗﺎﻳﻲ ﺟﺬ‪C‬ﺗﺮ ﺑﻪ‬
‫‪14‬‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲﺳﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻬﺎ‪ B‬ﺳﻔﺎﻟﮕﺮ= ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎ= ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﻮ‪ 6 O‬ﮔﻴﺮ ‪V‬ﻧﻬﺎ  ﻣﺪ[ﻫﺎ  ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﭼﻴﻨﻲ  ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖﺷﺎ= ﺑﺎ ﺳﻠﻴﻘﻪ ‬
‫‰‪ P‬ﺧﻮ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻲﮔﺮ‪ .‬ﻣﻮ ﺑﻲﺷﻤﺎ ﺟﻮ  ﻛﻪ ﻧﺸﺎ= ﻣﻲﻫﺪ ﺳﺒﺎ‪  C‬ﻟﻮ‪ 6‬ﺗﻲ ﭼﻴﻦ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﺤﺮ‪  c‬ﺟﻬﺖ‬
‫ﻳﺠﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺳﺎﺳﻲ  ﺣﻴﻦ   ﺳﺘﺪ ﺳﻔﺎﻟﮕﺮ= ﺷﺘﻪ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻔﺎﻟﮕﺮ= ﺑﺘﺪ ﺗﻼ} ﻛﺮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ  ﻳﺪ‪O‬ﻫﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫‪15‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ  ﻣﺮﻫﺎ ‪=V‬ﻫﺎ ﺷﺪ‪ O‬ﺑﻮ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮ  ﺳﭙﺲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺧﻮ  ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻧﻘﻮ}  ﺗﺼﺎﻳﺮ  ﺳﻔﺎ[ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺻﺮﻓ ًﺎ ﻧﻘﻮﺷﻲ ﺷﺮﻗﻲ  ﺧﺎﺟﻲ ﻧﺒﻮ‪ .‬ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﻫﻨﺮﻣﻨﺪ= ﻳﻦ ‪ O‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎ ‬
‫ﻼ ﻧﻘﻮ} ﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻧﻮ=‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﺷﻴﻪﻫﺎ ‬ ‫ﻃﺮ‪J‬ﻫﺎ ﺧﻮﻳﺶ   ‪V‬ﺛﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ‪O  O‬ﻫﺎ ﭘﻴﺶ ﻗﺘﺒﺎ> ﻛﺮ‪O‬ﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺜ ً‬
‫ﻗﺎ‪C‬ﻫﺎﻳﻲ  ﻧﻘﻮ} ﺳﻠﻴﻤﻲ  ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﺎﻳﻪﻫﺎ ﺳﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺣﺎ[  ﻫﻮ ﺳﺎ‪ O‬ﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺼﻮ[ ‪O‬ﻫﺎ ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻦ ﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺮ  ﻳﺮ= ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻨﺮﻣﻨﺪ= ‪ O‬ﻳﻠﺨﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺰ=‬
‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺑﻪ ‪V‬ﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﺳﺘﻦ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻧﻘﻮ} ﺗﺼﺎﻳﺮ  ﺧﻠﻖ‬
‫ﻼ‬ ‫ﻛﺮ‪O‬ﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ  ﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎ ﻛﻢ  ﺑﻴﺶ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﺗﻲ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺜ ً‬
‫ﻧﻘﻮ} ﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﺳﻔﺎﻟﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎ ﻳﻦ ‪ ،O‬ﻧﻘﻮﺷﻲ ﺧﺸﻚ  ﺳﻤﻲ‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻏﻠﺐ ﺳﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺰگ ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻘﻮ} ﺑﺮﮔﻲ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ  ﺣﺎﺷﻴﻪ ﺳﺎ‪ O‬ﺑﺎ گ ﺑﺮگﻫﺎ ﺟﺪﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻧﻘﺶ »ﭼﺸﻤﺎ= ﻃﺎ>« ﭘﺮ ﺷﺪ‪O‬ﻧﺪ‪  .‬ﺳﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻃﺮ‪ J‬ﻧﺨﻞ‬

‫ﻛﺘﺎ ﻣﺎ
‬
‫ ﻇﺮ‪ M‬ﻳﻦ ‪ O‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎ ﺳﺘﻔﺎ‪ O‬ﺷﺪ‪ O‬ﺳﺖ  ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﺎﻳﻪﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻢ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪ‪ «S» O‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﻧﻴﺰ  ‪V‬ﻧﻬﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻳﺪ‪ O‬ﻣﻲﺷﻮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺗﺰﻳﻴﻨﺎ‪ B‬ﺳﻔﺎﻟﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎ ﻳﻦ ‪ O‬ﻋﻼ‪ O‬ﺑﺮ ﻧﻘﻮ} ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺟﺎﻧﻮ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ  ﻃﺮ‪J‬ﻫﺎ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺳﺎ‪ O‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﻬﻢ‬

‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ  ﺳﻔﻨﺪ ‪1385‬‬

‫ﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲﺷﻮ  ‪ =V‬ﻛﺘﻴﺒﻪﻫﺎ ﺳﺒﻚ ﻳﻦ ‪ O‬ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻇﺮ‪ M‬ﺳﻔﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎ  ﻳﻦ ‪ O‬ﺑﺮ ﺟﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ‪ O‬ﻛﻪ ‬
‫ﻛﺘﻴﺒﻪ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻛﺘﻴﺒﻪﻫﺎ ﻋﻤﻮﻣ ًﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻀﻤﻮ= ‪V‬ﻳﺎ‪ B‬ﻗﺮ‪V‬ﻧﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺷﻌﺎ‬
‫‪30‬‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪V .‬ﻳﺎ‪ B‬ﻗﺮ‪ =V‬ﻛﺜﺮً ‪V‬ﻳﺎ‪ B‬ﺑﺮﮔﺰﻳﺪ‪ O‬ﻣﺤﺪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺧﻲ  ‪V‬ﻳﺎ‪ B‬ﻣﺸﻬﻮ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻮ‪O‬ﻫﺎ ﺟﺰ ﺳﻲ ﻗﺮ‪ =V‬ﻛﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺣﺘﻴﺎ ﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻓﻌﺎ‪ B‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ‪V‬ﻣﺪ‪O‬ﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﻌﺎ ﻋﻤﻮﻣ ًﺎ‬
‫ﺷﻌﺎ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺬﻫﺒﻲ    ﻧﻮ‪ L‬ﺑﺎﻋﻴﺎ‪  B‬ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺗﻲ  ﻣﺘﻮ=‬
‫ﺣﻤﺎﺳﻲﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻋﻲﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎ ﻓﺘﻪ  ﻇﺮ‪ M‬ﻋﻤﻮﻣ ًﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻀﻤﻮ=‬
‫»ﻋﺸﻖ« ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ  ﺷﻌﺎ ﻳﺞ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺘﻤﺎ[ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺮﻳﻨﺪﮔﺎ=‬
‫‪=V‬ﻫﺎ ﺧﻮ ﺳﻔﺎﻟﮕﺮ= ﺑﻮ‪O‬ﻧﺪ‪ 16،‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺳﺘﻔﺎ‪ O‬ﺷﺪ‪ O‬ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻃﻮ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻇﺮ‪ M‬ﻛﺘﻴﺒﻪ ﻳﻦ ‪ O‬ﻋﻤﻮﻣ ًﺎ  ﺑﺮﻧﺪ‪O‬‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ‪ .4‬ﻛﺎﺳﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﺘﻴﺒﻪﻫﺎ ﻗﺮ‪V‬ﻧﻲ  ﺑﻲ  ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ  ﺧﻂ  ﻧﻘﺶ ﺑﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻇﺮ‪ M‬ﻳﻦ ‪ O‬ﻧﻘﺶ ﺑﺴﺘﻪﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ‪M‬ﻳﻦ ﻓﺎ?‬

‫ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎ
ﺧﻂ ﻧﮕﺎ

ﻫﺎ 
ﻫﻨﺮ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎﻛﻴﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻫﻨﺮ ﺳﻔﺎﻟﮕﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻤﺪ= ﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻂ ﮔﺴﺘﺮ} ﻳﺎﻓﺖ  ﻛﺸﻮﻫﺎ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎ=   ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻳﺮ=  ﺗﺤﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻗﺮ ‪  .‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻮ‬
‫ﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺷﺪ‪ O‬ﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺧﻂ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﺷﻲ  ﺿﺮ‪B‬ﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺠﺎ   ﺑﻮ‪ O‬ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺎ  ﻣﻮ ﻋﺮ‪ ،C‬ﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻧﮕﻴﺰ‪ O‬ﻧﺎﺷﻲ  ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺒﻮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤ ًﺎ  ﻇﻬﻮ ﺳﻼ‪  6‬ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ﻗﺮ= ﻫﻔﺘﻢ‪ [ /‬ﻣﻴﻼ ﻧﺸﺄ‪B‬‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪V .‬ﻳﺎ‪ B‬ﻗﺮ‪ =V‬ﻛﻪ  ﺳﻮ ﺧﺪﻧﺪ ﻳﻜﺘﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ )‪ (j‬ﻧﺎ[  ﺑﺎ ﺣﺮﻣﺘﻲ ﺧﺎ‪ j‬ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﻴﺮ= ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺪ=‬
‫ﻛﻮﭼﻚﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺛﺒﺖ  ‪V‬ﻣﻮﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ  ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ‪ 6‬ﻗﺮ= ﻫﻔﺘﻢ ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﮔﺮﮔﻮﻧﻲ ﺑﻴﻨﺸﻲ  ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﭘﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫‪V‬ﻣﺪ  ﺧﻂ  ﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﺮ‪ 6‬ﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻦ ﮔﺮﮔﻮﻧﻲ ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺧﻂ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺧﻮﺷﻨﻮﻳﺴﻲ  ﻧﻴﺰ  ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﺮ ﻛﻼ‪ 6‬ﺧﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺖ  ﺑﺎ ﺣﺘﺮ‪ 6‬ﺛﺒﺖ ﻣﻲﺷﺪ‪،‬‬
 ‫ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺪﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺸﺮ ﻣﻴﺴﺮ ﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻳﺒﺎ  ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻋﻴﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﺎﺷﻲ  ﻣﺠﺴﻤﻪﺳﺎ ﮔﺮ ﻓﻲﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﻮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﮕﻴﺰ‪ O‬ﺑﺮ ‪ V‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﻧﻴﺮ ﺧﻼﻗﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ  ﻫﻨﺮ ﺧﻄﺎﻃﻲ ﻣﺒﺪ[ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺎ= ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﺑﻪ ﺧﻮ‪،‬‬
‫‪17‬‬
‫ﺳﺒﺐ ﭘﻴﺪﻳﺶ ﺳﺒﻚﻫﺎ ﻳﺒﺎ  ﺷﻜﻮﻫﻤﻨﺪ  ﺧﻮﺷﻨﻮﻳﺴﻲ ﮔﺮﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ  ﺳﻼ‪ ،6‬ﺧﻂ  ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ ﻣﻨﺸﺄ ﻗﺪﺳﻲ ﺳﺖ  ﺧﻮﺷﻨﻮﻳﺴﻲ ﻗﺮ‪  =V‬ﺣﺎﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻫﻨﺮ ﻟﻬﻲ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺧﻮﺷﻨﻮﻳﺴﻲ‬
‫‪18‬‬
‫ﻫﻨﺮ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻲﻏﺮ‪ P‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ‪  =V‬ﻫﻨﺮ ﮔﻮﻫﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺧﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎ‪ B‬ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻂ ﻋﺮﺑﻲ ﻫﻤﺴﺎ= ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻘﺪ> ﺧﻂ ﻋﺮﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮ=‬
‫ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﺣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ  ﺑﻨﻴﻪ ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻲ ﺳﻼﻣﻲ »ﻛﺘﻴﺒﻪﻫﺎ« ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ ًﺎ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺗﺰﻳﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻧﺪ  ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﺟﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﺑﺮ  ﻣﺪ> ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ ًﺎ ﻫﻤﺎ= ﻧﻘﺸﻲ  ﻳﻔﺎء ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺜﺎ[ ﻣﺴﻴﺢ ﻣﻘﺪ>  ﭘﻴﺎﻣﺒﺮ=  ﻣﻌﻤﺎ ﻣﺴﻴﺤﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻬﺪ‪O‬‬
‫‪ 19.‬ﺧﺎﻧﻮ‪O‬ﻫﺎ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎ= ﻧﻴﺰ ﺳﺖ ﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎ ﻗﺮ = ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﺎﻣﺒﺮ )‪  (j‬ﺧﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﻟﺸﺎ=‪،‬‬
‫ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺧﻮ  ﺑﺎ ﻛﺘﻴﺒﻪﻫﺎ ﻳﺒﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ  ﺷﺮ‪ J‬ﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﭘﻴﺎﻣﺒﺮ ‬
‫‪20‬‬
‫ﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺳﻨﺖﻫﺎ  ﺣﺎﻳﺚ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ ﻳﻨﺖ ﺑﺨﺸﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻼ‪ O‬ﺑﺮ ﻧﺴﺦ ﺧﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﺘﻴﺒﻪﻫﺎ  ﺷﻴﺎء ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻳﺒﺎﻳﻲ  ﺧﻮﺷﻨﻮﻳﺴﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﻫﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﭼﻮ= ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬
‫ﺗﺎﻳﺨﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎ ﻣﻲ‪V‬ﻳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺮ’ﻫﺎ ﻛﺘﻴﺒﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﺟﺪ ‬
‫ﻳﮕﺮ ﺷﻴﺎء ﻓﻠﺰ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻮﺑﻲ ﺷﺎ‪ O‬ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﻫﻢﭼﻨﻴﻦ  ﻣﻮ ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺟﺎ‪ ،B‬ﻛﻪ‬
‫ ‪V‬ﻧﻬﺎ ﻃﺮﻫﺎ ﺳﻮ=  ﺷﺪ‪  O‬ﻛﻠﻤﺎ‪ B‬ﻗﺼﺎ ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎ‪ 6‬ﭼﻬﺎ‪O‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺼﻮ‪ 6‬ﻳﺎ ‪ O‬ﻣﺎ‪ (L) 6‬ﻛﻢ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ ‪ ....‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﺗﺎﻳﺨﻲ ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﺷﺎﻋﺮﻧﻪ ﻳﺎ ‪V‬ﻳﺎ‪  B‬ﻗﺎﻟﻲﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﺎ‪ B‬ﻳﺒﺎ ﻧﮕﺎﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‪  O‬ﻛﺶ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎ ﻣﺎ
‬

‫ﮔﻮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮ ﻗﻴﻘ ًﺎ ﺑﺮﺳﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪  ،‬ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺎﻳﺦ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ‬
‫‪21‬‬
‫ﻣﻲ ‪V‬ﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻜﻲ  ﻳﺞﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﺎء ﺳﺖﺳﺎ ﻧﺴﺎ= ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﻧﺴﺖ ﻧﻘﺶ‬
‫ﻛﻤﻚ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ  ‰ﺧﻴﺮ‪O‬ﺳﺎ ﻃﻼﻋﺎ‪  B‬ﻳﻔﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻇﺮ‪ M‬ﺳﻔﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻮ‬
‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ  ﺳﻔﻨﺪ ‪1385‬‬

‫ﻛﻪ ﭘﺲ  ﻣﺪ‪ B‬ﻣﺎﻧﻲ  ﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﻧﺴﺎ=  ﺳﺎ  ﻛﺎﻫﺎ ﻣﺮﺑﻮ‪ Q‬ﺑﻪ‬

‫‪  ،=V‬ﻳﻦ ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺎ ﭘﻴﺶ  ‪ O‬ﺳﻼﻣﻲ‪  ،‬ﺗﺰﻳﻴﻦ ‪V‬ﺛﺎ ﺳﻔﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ  ﻧﻘﻮ} ‬
‫‪31‬‬
‫ﺗﺼﺎﻳﺮ ﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﻮﻧﻲ  ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺳﺘﻔﺎ‪ O‬ﻣﻲﺷﺪ  ﻛﺎﺑﺮ ﺧﻂ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻛﻢﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮ‪V‬ﻣﻮ  ﻏﻴﺮ‪ O‬ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ[ ﺑﻮ‪ .‬ﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻀﻮ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ‬
‫ﺳﻼﻣﻲ  ﻳﺮ= ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺳﻮ‪V‬ﻣﻮ  ﻃﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﺷﺘﻪ  ﺟﻮ‪C‬‬
‫‪  =V‬ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ B‬ﻣﻄﺮ‪ J‬ﻧﻤﻮ‪ O‬ﺳﺖ   ﻃﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺴﻤﻪﺳﺎ  ﻧﻘﻮ}‬
‫ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ ﺟﺎﻧﺪ=  ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﺪﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲﮔﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺻﻮ ًﻻ ﻧﻘﺶ‬
‫ﺧﻂ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﮔﺮ  ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪﻳﺞ ﻛﺎﺑﺮ ﺗﺰﻳﻴﻨﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﭘﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻴﻦ ﺧﻄﻲ ﻛﻪ  ﺷﻴﺎء ﺳﻔﺎﻟﻲ = ﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﻳﺮ= ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎ ﻓﺘﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ‪ .5‬ﺑﺸﻘﺎ`‪،‬‬ ‫ﺧﻂ ﻛﻮﻓﻲ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ  ‪V‬ﺛﺎ ﻗﺮ= ﻟﻴﻪ ﺣﻜﺎﻛﻲ ﺷﺪ‪ O‬ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﻔﺎ}‬
‫ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ‪M‬ﻳﺮ ﻟﻌﺎﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺎء ﻳﻦ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺘﻔﺎ‪  O‬ﺧﻂ ﻧﻴﻜﻮ  ﺑﺮ ﺷﻤﺮ= ﺣﺴﻨﺎ‪  =V B‬ﻳﻦ ﺑﻄﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺷﺘﻪ ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺮ‪  M‬ﺛﺮﺗﻤﻨﺪ=  ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﮔﺎﻧﺎ=  ﻓﺮ ‰ﻧﻔﻮ‰  ﻫﺮ ﻣﺎ= ﻛﻪ ﻇﺮ‪ M‬ﺧﺎﺻﻲ  ﺳﻔﺎ} ﻣﻲﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﺘﻮ ﻣﻲﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻗﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺘﻴﺒﻪ ﺑﺮ ‪ ،=V‬ﻧﺎ‪ 6‬ﻳﺸﺎ=  ﺗﺎﻳﺦ ﺛﺮ  ﺣﻴﺎﻧ ًﺎ ﺳﺎﻧﺪ‪   =V O‬ﺻﻮ‪ B‬ﻣﻜﺎ= ﺷﻌﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻳﺎ ﺿﺮ‪C‬ﻟﻤﺜﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮ‪ Q‬ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺑﺮ ‪  =V‬ﻧﻘﺶ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪﻳﺞ ﺳﺘﻔﺎ‪  O‬ﻧﻘﻮ} ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﻤﭽﻮ= ﺷﻤﺴﻪ  ﺳﺘﺎ‪O‬ﻫﺎ ﻫﺸﺖ ﭘﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﺷﺎﻧﺰ‪ O‬ﭘﺮ  ﻧﻘﻮ} ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ  ﮔﻞ  ﺑﺮگ  ﺳﻠﻴﻤﻲ  ﻛﻨﺎ ﺧﻂ ﻧﮕﺎ‪O‬ﻫﺎ ﻳﺒﺎ‪ ،‬ﺟﻠﻮ‪ O‬ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﺮ ﺳﻔﺎﻟﮕﺮ ﺑﺨﺸﻴﺪ‬
‫ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ  ‪ O‬ﺳﻠﺠﻮﻗﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﺘﻔﺎ‪  O‬ﻧﻘﻮ} ﺟﺎﻧﺪ=‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎ=‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﻮﻧﺎ‪  B‬ﺣﺘﻲ ﻧﺴﺎ= ﻫﻢ  ﺳﻔﺎﻟﮕﺮ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ[‬
‫ﮔﺮﻳﺪ  ﺣﺘﻲ ﻇﺮ‪ M‬ﺳﻔﺎﻟﻲ   ﻫﻴﺌﺖ ﺟﺎﻧﺪ= ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮ= ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻛﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎ‪ O‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎ ﺧﻂ  ﺳﻔﺎﻟﮕﺮ ﻣﻲﺗﻮ= ﮔﻔﺖ ﺟﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻲ   ﻫﻤﻪ ﻇﺮ‪  M‬ﺷﻴﺎء ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮ ﺧﺘﺼﺎ‪j‬‬
‫ﻧﺪ‪O‬ﻧﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻦ ﻧﻜﺘﻪ   ﻛﺜﺮ ‪V‬ﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮ= ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻂ ﻧﮕﺎ‪O‬ﻫﺎ  ﻛﺘﻴﺒﻪ  ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮ‪ B‬ﻣﻨﻈﻢ  ﻣﻮ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮﺳﺎ> ﺻﻮ[‬
‫ ﺷﻴﻮ‪O‬ﻫﺎ ﺧﻂ ﻧﮕﺎ ﻣﺎ=‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻲﺷﺪ‪O‬ﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﻼ‪ O‬ﺑﺮ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﺳﻼﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻳﺮﻧﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ  ﺧﻂ ﻧﮕﺎ‪O‬ﻫﺎ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺧﻮ ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎ= ‪O‬ﻧﺪ  ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰء ﻣﻀﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪V ،‬ﻳﺎ‪  B‬ﺣﺎﻳﺚ  ﻳﺎ‪ B‬ﺳﻼﻣﻲ‪،‬ﺷﻌﺎ  ﺿﺮ‪C‬ﻟﻤﺜﻞﻫﺎ  ﻋﺒﺎ‪B‬‬
‫ﻣﻠﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪ‪ O‬ﻣﻲﮔﺮ‪ .‬ﺧﻂ ﻛﻮﻓﻲ ﺳﺎ‪ ،O‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎ‪ O‬ﺧﻮ  ﺑﻪ ﺧﻄﻮ‪ Q‬ﻛﻮﻓﻲ ﺗﺰﻳﻴﻨﻲ   ﭘﺲ  ‪ =V‬ﺧﻂ ﻧﺴﺦ ‬
‫ﺛﻠﺚ ﻳﺞ ﺷﺪ‪ O  .‬ﺗﻴﻤﻮ ﺧﻂ ﻧﺴﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪﻳﺞ ﺟﺎ ﺧﻮ   ﺳﻔﺎﻟﮕﺮ ﺑﺎﻛﺮ  ﻳﻦ ﻣﺮ  = ﺻﻔﻮﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ ﺧﻮ ﺳﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﺳﻔﺎ‪ +‬ﻛﺘﻴﺒﻪ

ﻣﻮ‪ .
-‬ﻳﺮ‪ :‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻟﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ  ﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﺑﺮﺳﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮ ﻛﺎﺳﻪ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ  ﺑﺠﻨﻮ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺖ ‪V‬ﻣﺪ‪  O‬ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺮ= ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ﺳﺒﻚ‬
‫ﻳﺮ ﻟﻌﺎﺑﻲ‪ 22‬ﺳﺖ‪.‬ﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺳﻪ  ﺧﻤﻴﺮ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‪  O‬ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻛﻮﺗﺎ‪ O‬ﻣﺪ  ﻟﺒﻪ ﺻﺎ‪ M‬ﻧﺪ ‪).‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪(1‬‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺎ  ﺗﺮ‪ c‬ﻛﻪ  ﺳﻂ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ  ﻗﻄﻊ ﻛﺮ‪O‬ﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻬﺎ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﺴﺎ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺷﺪ‪ O‬ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺧﻞ ﻫﺮ‬
‫ﺗﺮ‪ c‬ﺑﺎ ﺧﻂ ﻧﺴﺦ  ﺑﻪ ﻧﮓ ﺳﻴﺎ‪ O‬ﺷﻌﺮ »ﺟﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺎﻧﺖ‪ /‬ﺑﺎ ﺟﺎ= ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺖ«‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮ‪ B‬ﻳﻚ  ﻣﻴﺎ= ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ O‬ﺳﺖ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﮓ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ  ﺷﻌﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﮓ ‪V‬ﺑﻲ ﻻﺟﻮ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ  ﺧﻂ ﺑﺎﻳﻚ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺪ ﺷﺪ‪O‬ﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻫﺮ  ﺗﺮ‪  ،c‬ﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺗﺰﻳﻴﻦ ﺷﺪ‪ O‬ﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻃﺮ‪ J‬ﺳﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻣﺎﭘﻴﭽﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﮓ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ‪V‬ﺑﻲ ﻻﺟﻮ ﻧﻘﺎﺷﻲ ﺷﺪ‪ O‬ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻧﻘﺶ ﭼﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ  ﻛﻞ ﻛﺎﺳﻪ ﺗﻜﺮ ﺷﺪ‪  O‬ﻟﺒﻪ ﻇﺮ‪ M‬ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻧﺪﻧﻪ ﻧﺪﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﻧﮓ ﻃﻼﻳﻲ  ‪V‬ﺑﻲ ﻻﺟﻮ ﺗﺰﻳﻴﻦ ﺷﺪ‪ O‬ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻟﺒﻪ ﺑﻴﺮﻧﻲ ﻇﺮ‪ M‬ﺳﺎ‪O‬‬
‫ ﺑﻲ‪V‬ﻳﺶ ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻳﮕﺮ ﻛﺎﺳﻪ  ﺧﻤﻴﺮ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻣﺪ  ﻣﻘﻌﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻛﺸﻴﺪ‪  O‬ﻟﺒﻪ ﺻﺎ‪ M‬ﺳﺖ‪ ).‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪(2‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﻠﻲ ﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺳﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﻠﻪ ‬
‫ﻧﻮ ﻛﻪ  ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ  ﻗﻄﻊ ﻧﻤﻮ‪O‬ﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻬﺎ ﺗﺮ‪ c‬ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺷﺪ‪ O‬ﻛﻪ‬

‫ﻛﺘﺎ ﻣﺎ
‬
‫ ﻫﺮ ﺗﺮ‪ c‬ﺷﻌﺎ ﻓﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻂ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ  ﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺳﻴﺎ‪  O‬ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻀﻤﻮ=‪:‬‬
‫ ﺑﺎ‪ J O‬ﭘﺮ ﻧﻬﺎ ﮔﺮ ﺗﻮﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻄﺎﻓﺘﻲ ﻛﻦ ‪=V‬ﺟﺎ ﮔﺬ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻲ‬

‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ  ﺳﻔﻨﺪ ‪1385‬‬

‫ﺣﻮ[ ﻳﻦ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻮ= ﻛﻪ ﺑﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮ ﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺗﺎ ﺧﻮ ﭼﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺣﻮﻟﺖ ‪ =V‬ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ ،O‬ﻧﻮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻄﻮ‪ Q‬ﻻﺟﻮ  ﻃﺮﻓﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﺪ ﮔﺮﻳﺪ‪  O‬‬
‫‪32‬‬
‫ﻫﺮ  ﻃﺮ‪ M‬ﻧﻮ  ﻳﺮ ﻟﺒﻪ   ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻧﻘﻮ} ﺗﺰﻳﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﮓ ﺳﻴﺎ‪  O‬ﻣﻴﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺷﺪ‪ O‬ﺳﺖ‪ = .‬ﻫﺮ ﺗﺮ‪  c‬ﺑﺪﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﻮ} ﺳﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﮓ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎ‪ O‬ﻳﺮ ﻟﻌﺎ‪ C‬ﻻﺟﻮ ﺗﺰﻳﻴﻦ ﺷﺪ‪ =  O‬ﻫﺮ ﺗﺮ‪ c‬ﺑﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﮔﻞ ﺗﺰﻳﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫‪V‬ﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻟﺒﻪ ﺧﺎﺟﻲ  ﻳﻚ ﻧﻮ ﺑﺎﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺎ‪ O‬ﻓﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ  ﻛﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻧﻘﻮ} ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻧﮓ ﺳﻴﺎ‪  O‬ﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻧﻘﺎﺷﻲ ﺷﺪ‪ O‬ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﺳﻪ ﻳﮕﺮ  ﺧﻤﻴﺮ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻛﻮﺗﺎ‪ O‬ﻣﺪ ﻣﻘﻌﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻛﺸﻴﺪ‪O‬‬
‫ ﻟﺒﻪ ﺻﺎ‪  M‬ﻳﻦ ‪ O‬ﺟﻮ  ﻛﻪ  ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﻳﻦ ﻓﺎ‪ 6‬ﻛﺎ ﺷﺪ‪O‬‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ‪ .6‬ﮔﻠﺪ‪،/‬‬
‫ﺳﺖ‪).‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪(3‬‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ‪M‬ﻳﺮ ﻟﻌﺎﺑﻲ‬
‫ﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺳﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﻧﮓ ﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺳﻔﻴﺪ  ‪V‬ﺑﻲ ﻻﺟﻮ ﺗﺰﻳﻴﻦ ﺷﺪ‪ O‬ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻦ ﺗﺰﻳﻴﻨﺎ‪ B‬ﺣﺎﺷﻴﻪ ﻟﺒﻪ ﻛﺎﺳﻪ  ﻛﻪ‬
‫= ‪ =V‬ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻂ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻪ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﮓ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ  ﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻳﻦﻓﺎ‪ 6‬ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ O‬ﺳﺖ‪  ،‬ﺑﺮﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮ‪ .‬ﻳﺮ ﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﻪ‬
‫ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭼﻬﺎ ﻧﻮ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺘ ًﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻧﮓ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻞ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪ‪ 6‬ﺑﺎ ﻗﻠﻢ ﻳﻦﻓﺎ‪ 6‬ﺷﻌﺮ ﻓﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻂ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ‬
‫ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ ،O‬ﺑﻪ ﭼﻬﺎ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﺴﺎ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺷﺪ‪ O‬ﺳﺖ‪.‬ﻣﻀﻤﻮ= ﺷﻌﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮ‪ B‬ﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﺎ’  ﻣﻦ  ﺷﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻏﻢ ﺧﻮ= ﻣﻦ‬ ‫  ﺗﻮ ﺳﺎ[  ﻣﺎ‪ =V O‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻧﻜﺮ= ﺗﻮ  ﮔﺮ= ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﮔﻔﺘﻲ ﻧﻜﻨﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮ ﮔﺮ ﺑﺪ ﻋﻬﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻳﻦﻓﺎ‪ 6‬ﻧﻘﻮﺷﻲ ﭘﻴﭽﺎ=  ﺳﻠﻴﻤﻲﻫﺎ ﺗﺰﻳﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﮓ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ  ‪V‬ﺑﻲ ﻻﺟﻮ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺸﻢ ﻣﻲﺧﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﻒ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺳﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭼﻬﺎ ﺑﺮگ ﺗﺰﻳﻴﻨﻲ ﺗﻜﺮﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ O‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﮓ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﻳﻦﻓﺎ‪ 6‬ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪ‪ 6‬ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺧﻄﻮ‪ Q‬ﭘﻴﭽﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﮓ ‪V‬ﺑﻲ‬
‫ﻻﺟﻮ ﻣﺤﺪ ﺷﺪ‪O‬ﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻛﺎﺳﻪ ﺳﺖ  ﺧﻤﻴﺮ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﻛﻪ  ﮔﺮﮔﺎ= ﺑﻪ ﺳﺖ ‪V‬ﻣﺪ‪   O‬ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻛﻮﺗﺎ‪ O‬ﻣﻘﻌﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻣﺤﺪ‪C‬‬
 ‫ ﻟﺒﻪ ﺗﺨﺖ ﺳﺖ‪).‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪  (4‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﻠﻲ ﻛﺎﺳﻪ  ﭘﻴﻜﺮ‪ O‬ﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ ﭼﺸﻤﺎ= ﺑﺎﻣﻲ  ﮔﻴﺴﻮ= ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻫﺎﻟﻪ ‬
‫ﻃﺮ‪ M‬ﺳﺮ  ﺣﺎ[ ﮔﻔﺖﮔﻮ  ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮ‪ B‬ﻧﺸﺴﺘﻪ ﻧﻘﺎﺷﻲ ﺷﺪ‪O‬ﻧﺪ  ﻓﻀﺎ ﻃﺮ‪V M‬ﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻘﻮ} ﺗﺰﻳﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﺘﺮﻛﻤﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎ= ﺗﻮ ﭘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﻮ} ﺣﻠﺰﻧﻲ  ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﭘﺮ ﺷﺪ‪ O‬ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﻦ ﻃﺮ‪  J‬ﻳﻚ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﻪ ﺳﺮﺗﺎﺳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻧﮓ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﻓﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺖ‪.‬ﻧﻘﺶ  ﭘﻴﻜﺮ‪ O‬ﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﺶ ﻳﺠﻲ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ  ﻇﺮ‪ M‬ﺳﻔﺎﻟﻲ ﻳﻦ ‪ O‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎ ﻳﺪ‪ O‬ﻣﻲﺷﻮ‪.‬ﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻧﻘﻮ}‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﻮ} ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻ  ﻫﻨﺮ ﻣﻴﻨﻴﺎﺗﻮ ‪ 6‬ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‪O‬ﻧﺪ  ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺎ= ﺳﺒﻚ  ﺳﻴﺎ‪ P‬ﻣﻴﻨﻴﺎﺗﻮ ﺑﺮﺳﻔﺎ[‬
‫ﻧﻘﺶ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺳﺖ‪.‬ﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻣﺎ‪ O‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻮ= ﭼﻬﺮ‪ O‬ﭘﻴﻜﺮ‪O‬ﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﻠﺠﻮﻗﻴﺎ=  ﻫﻨﺮ ﺑﻮﻳﻲ  ﻫﻨﺮ‬
‫ﻳﺮ= ﺷﺪ‪ O‬ﺑﻮ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎ ﺑﺮ= ﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﭘﻴﻜﺮ‪O‬ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻳﺠﺎ ‪V‬ﻣﺸﻲ ﻓﻮ‪P‬ﻟﻌﺎ‪ O‬ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﻣﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ ﻛﺎﺳﻪ ﻣﻮ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺳﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺧﻂ ﻧﮕﺎ‪ O‬ﺟﻮ ‪.‬ﻳﻜﻲ  ‪V‬ﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻂ ﻧﺴﺦ  ﻛﻮﻓﻲ  ﻟﺒﻪ ﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﺎﺳﻪ‬
‫  ﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻳﻦ ﻓﺎ‪ 6‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﮓ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ O‬ﺳﺖ‪،‬ﺑﻴﺎ‪ B‬ﻳﺮ  ﺑﻴﺎ= ﻛﺮ‪ O‬ﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﻲ‪V‬ﻧﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺲ ﺳﻴﺪ   ﻣﺎ‪ /‬ﻳﺎ ﮔﺸﺖ ﭘﺮﻳﺸﺎ= [ ﻣﻮ  ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻧﺎﮔﺎ‪ O‬ﺑﺮ ‪ V‬ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺳﻮﻳﻲ‪ /‬ﺷﻮﻳﺪ‪ O‬ﺳﺮ ﻟﻒ ﺗﻮ ﺷﻮ  ﻣﺎ‬
‫ ﻟﺒﻪ ﺧﺎﺟﻲ ﻇﺮ‪ M‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﻧﻮ ﺑﺎﻳﻚ ﻳﻦ ﻓﺎ‪ 6‬ﺑﺎ ﻛﺘﻴﺒﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻀﻤﻮ= ﻳﺮ ﺗﻜﺮ‬
‫ﺷﺪ‪ O‬ﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ﭼﻮ ﻧﻲ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ  ﻧﻤﺎﻧﻲ ‪ /‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎ‪ c‬ﭼﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻬﻲ ﺗﺎ ‪V‬‬
‫ ﻣﻪ ‪ =V‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻂ ﻛﻮﻓﻲ  = ﻛﺎ ‪V‬ﻣﺪ‪ O‬ﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ﻛﺘﺒﻪ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺑﻲﻟﺤﺴﻦ ﻟﻤﻘﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺷﻬﻮ ﺳﻨﻪ ﺛﻤﺎ=  ﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﺎﺋﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺑﺸﻘﺎ‪ C‬ﺗﻮﮔﻮ  ﺧﻤﻴﺮ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻛﻤﻲ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ  ﺑﺮ‪V‬ﻣﺪ‪ ،O‬ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻣﺤﺪ‪ ،C‬ﻟﺒﻪ ﻛﻤﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎ  ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻫﺎﻧﻪ‪ 31/4‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ  ﺗﻔﺎ‪ 7L‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻳﮕﺮ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎ ﻣﺎ
‬

‫ﺳﺖ  ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﻳﺮ ﻟﻌﺎﺑﻲ ﻛﻪ  ‪ O‬ﻳﻠﺨﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ‪ O‬ﺳﺖ‪) .‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪(5‬‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﻠﻲ ﻳﻦ ﺑﺸﻘﺎ‪ C‬ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺳﻪ ﻧﻮ ﻛﻪ  ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ  ﻗﻄﻊ ﻧﻤﻮ‪O‬‬
‫ﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺷﺶ ﺗﺮ‪ c‬ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺷﺪ‪ O‬ﺳﺖ‪  .‬ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮ ﺷﻌﺎ ﻋﺮﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻂ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻠﻢ‬
‫ﺳﻔﻴﺪ  ﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺳﻴﺎ‪ O‬ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ O‬ﻛﻪ ﻣﻀﻤﻮ= ‪ =V‬ﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ  ﺳﻔﻨﺪ ‪1385‬‬

‫ﻋﺬ[ ﻣﺬﻣﻮ‪ 6‬ﺑﻜﻞ ﻟﺴﺎ= ‪ /‬ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎ= ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﺋﻚ ﻟﻌﻤﺮ=‬

‫ ﷲ ﺷﻜﺮ ﻓﻲ ؟؟؟ ﺋﻤﺎ‪ /‬ﻛﻼ‪ 6‬ﻟﻌﺪ ﺿﺮ‪ C‬ﻣﻦ ﻟﻐﺮﺳﺎ=‬
‫ﻧﮕﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻬﺎ= ‪V‬ﻓﺮﻳﻦ‪ /‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺟﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺧﺪﻧﺪ ﻳﻦ‬
‫‪33‬‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻳﮕﺮ ﻳﻦ ﺳﺒﻚ‪ ،‬ﮔﻠﺪﻧﻲ ﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻫﺎﻧﻪ ‪ 6‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ  ﺗﻔﺎ‪25/5 L‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﻛﻪ  ﺣﻮﻟﻲ ﮔﺮﮔﺎ= ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺷﺪ‪ O‬ﺳﺖ‪) .‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪(6‬‬
‫ﻳﻦ ﮔﻠﺪ=  ﺧﻤﻴﺮ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‪  O‬ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻣﻘﻌﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻛﺮ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮ= ﺑﻠﻨﺪ  ﻟﺒﻪ‬
‫ﻛﻨﮕﺮ‪ . O‬ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻛﺮ ﻳﻦ ﮔﻠﺪ= ﺑﻪ ﭼﻬﺎ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺷﺪ‪ O‬ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻧﻘﺶ ﻳﻚ ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﮔﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻧﮓ ﺳﺒﺰ ﺗﻴﺮ‪  O‬ﻳﻚ ﺗﺮ‪ c‬ﻻﺟﻮ  ﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﺗﺰﻳﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺷﺪ‪ O‬ﺳﺖ‪  .‬ﺣﺪ ﻓﺎﺻﻞ ﺑﻮﺗﻪﻫﺎ ﮔﻞ ﭼﻬﺎ ﻧﻮ ﻋﻤﻮ ﺑﻪ ﻧﮓ ﺳﺒﺰ ﺗﻴﺮ‪  O‬ﺑﺎﺣﺎﺷﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ‪ .7‬ﺗﻨﮓ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻻﺟﻮ ﻗﺮ ‪ O‬ﺷﺪ‪ O‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ  ‪ =V‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﮓ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ  ﺑﻴﺖ ﺷﻌﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻂ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺣﺘﻤﺎ ًﻻ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ‪M‬ﻳﻦ ﻓﺎ?‬ ‫ ﺑﺎﺑﺎ ﻓﻀﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮ‪ J‬ﻳﺮﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ O‬ﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﻬﺮ ﺗﻮ  ﻣﻴﺎ= ﺟﺎ= ‪ /6V‬ﺑﺎ  ﻫﻤﻪ ﺧﺮ‪  O‬ﻣﻴﺎ= ‪6V‬‬
‫‪V‬ﺧﺮ  ﻫﻤﻪ ﺟﻬﺎ= ﺑﺮ‪ 6V‬ﺳﺮ‪ /‬ﺗﺎ ﻋﺸﻖ ﺗﻮ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺮ ﺟﻬﺎ= ‪6V‬‬
‫ﺗﺮ‪c‬ﻫﺎ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﮔﻠﺪ=  ﻣﺘﺪ ﺧﻮ ﺑﺮ  ﮔﺮ=  ﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﻠﺪ= ﺑﺎﻻ ﻓﺘﻪﻧﺪ ﻧﻘﻮ} ﺗﺰﻳﻴﻨﻲ ﻳﮕﺮ ‬
‫ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺖ ﻟﻌﺎﺑﺪ  ﺧﻤﻴﺮ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻛﺮ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻛﻮﺗﺎ‪ O‬ﻣﺪ‪،‬ﮔﺮ= ﺑﻠﻨﺪ  ﺑﺎﻳﻚ  ﻫﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺘﻮﻧﻪ   ﺳﺒﻚ ﻳﻦ ﻓﺎ‪ 6‬ﻛﺎ ﺷﺪ‪ O‬ﺳﺖ )ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪ (7‬ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻳﻦ ﺗﻨﮓ ﺑﻪ  ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺷﺪ‪ O‬ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺨﺶ‬
‫ﻳﺮﻳﻦ ﻳﺮ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﻗﻠﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮ‪ O‬ﻧﻘﻮ} ﺳﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﺟﻮ   ﻓﻀﺎ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺗﻨﮓ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺘﻴﺒﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻂ ﻛﻮﻓﻲ ﻟﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺮ‪ O‬ﺑﺎ ﻧﻘﻮ} ﺳﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﺣﻠﺰﻧﻲ ﻳﻨﺖ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺳﺖ‪.‬ﻳﻦ  ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﻮ ﻃﻼﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻂ ﻧﺴﺦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻀﻤﻮ= ﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎ‪Q‬‬
‫ﮔﺮﻳﺪ‪ O‬ﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫  ﺗﻮ ﺳﺎ[  ﻣﺎ‪ =V O‬ﻣﻦ‪ /‬ﻓﺎ’  ﻣﻦ  ﺷﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻏﻢ ﺧﻮ= ﻣﻦ‬
 ‫‪11. Geza Fehervari, Pottery of the Islamic‬‬
‫ﮔﻔﺘﻲ ﺗﺎ ﻧﻜﻨﻢ  ﻣﻲﻛﺪ‪ O‬ﺟﺰ ﻣﻲ ﺿﻮ ﻧﺘﻮ= ﻛﺮ‪ = /‬ﻧﺎ‪ 6‬ﻛﻪ ﺷﺖ‬
‫‪World, Kuwait, Tareq Rajab Museum, 1998, p 60-‬‬
‫‪61.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺪ ﻧﻜﻮ ﻧﺘﻮ= ﻛﺮ‬
‫‪12. Geza Fehervari, Pottery of the Islamic‬‬ ‫ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮ ﺗﻮ ﻛﻪ  ﭘﺮ‪ O‬ﻣﺴﺘﻮ‪ /‬ﻣﺎ‪  O‬ﺑﺲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺪﻳﺪ‪ O‬ﺷﺪ ﻓﻮ‬
‫‪World, optic, p 61-66.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻮ= ﻛﺮ‬
‫‪ .13‬ﻟﻴﻮ ﺗﺴﻮ ‪ ،‬ﺳﻔﺎ‪ %‬ﻳﻦ ﻓﺎ‪ Z‬ﻳﺮﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺷﻜﻮ
‪n‬ﻛﺮ‪،‬ﺗﻬﺮ ‪،‬‬ ‫ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺷﺎﻧﻪ ﻇﺮ‪ M‬ﻃﻼﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺘﻴﺒﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻂ ﻧﺴﺦ ﻗﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺮ‪.148 ،1382 ،o‬‬ ‫ﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫‪14. James Allan, Medieval Middle Eastern‬‬ ‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻬﺎ= ‪V‬ﻓﺮﻳﻦ‪ /‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺧﺪﻧﺪ ﻳﻦ‬
‫‪Pottery, Oxford, Ashmolean Museum, 1971, p. 36-‬‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﮓ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﻘﺶ ﭼﻬﺎ ﺑﺮگ ﺗﺰﻳﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﮓ‬
‫‪40.‬‬
‫ﺳﻔﻴﺪ  ﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻳﻦ ﻓﺎ‪ 6‬ﺳﺖ  ﮔﺮ= ﺗﻨﮓ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﻘﻮﺷﻲ ﺟﻮﻫﺮ‬
‫‪ .15‬ﺟﻴﻤﺰ ﻳﻠﺴﻮ ﻟﻦ‪ ،‬ﺳﻔﺎﻟﮕﺮ ﺳﻼﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﻨﺎ ﺷﺎﻳﺴﺘﻪﻓﺮ‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﺮ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﮓ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎ‪ C‬ﻫﻨﺮ ﺳﻼﻣﻲ‪8  ،1383 ،‬‬
‫‪ .16‬ﻟﻴﻮ ﺗﺴﻮ ‪ ،‬ﺳﻔﺎ‪ %‬ﻳﻦﻓﺎ‪ Z‬ﻳﺮﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺻﺺ ‪148-149‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﺎ ﻧﻮﺷﺖ ﻫﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .17‬ﻟﺒﺮﺗﻴﻦ ﮔﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﻳﺦ ﺧﻂ‪ ،‬ﺻﺺ ‪121-2‬‬ ‫‪ .1‬ﻧﺪ
ﮔﺪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻨﺮﻳﺮ ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﺑﻬﺮ ﺣﺒﻴﺒﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﻬﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻧﺸﮕﺎ
‬
‫‪ .18‬ﻳﭽﺎ ﺗﻴﻨﮓﻫﺎ ‪p ، ،‬ﻫﺎ ﺧﺸﺎ ﻫﻨﺮ ﻳﺮ ‪.193  ،‬‬ ‫ﺷﻬﻴﺪ ﺑﻬﺸﺘﻲ‪.334  ،1377 ،‬‬
‫‪ .19‬ﻧﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺷﻴﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺷﻨﻮﻳﺴﻲ ﺳﻼﻣﻲ‪14  ،‬‬ ‫‪ .2‬ﻋﺒﺎ* ﻗﺒﺎ‪ %‬ﺷﺘﻴﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﻳﺦ ﻣﻐﻮ‪ ،%‬ﺗﻬﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺮﻛﺒﻴﺮ‪ ،379 ،‬‬
‫‪ .20‬ﻫﻤﺎ ‪26  ،‬‬ ‫‪.200‬‬
‫‪ .21‬ﻳﭽﺎ ﺗﻴﻨﮓﻫﺎ ‪p ،‬ﻫﺎ ﺧﺸﺎ ﻫﻨﺮ ﻳﺮ ‪ ،‬ﺻﺺ ‪-6‬‬ ‫‪ .3‬ﻧﺪ
ﮔﺪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻨﺮﻳﺮ ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻦ‪.334  ،1358 ،‬‬
‫‪205‬‬ ‫‪ .4‬ﻋﻴﺴﻲ ﺻﺪﻳﻖ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﻳﺦ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻳﺮ ‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﺮ ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ‬

‫‪ .22‬ﻳﺞﺗﺮﻳﻦ ‪ o‬ﺗﺰﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﻮ
 ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻳﺮ ﻟﻌﺎﺑﻲ ﻇﺮﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﮓ ﺑﻲ  ﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﻧﻘﺎﺷﻲ ﺷﺪ
ﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺧﻤﻴﺮ ﻳﻦ ﻧﻮ‪ L‬ﺳﻔﺎﻟﻴﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻏﻠﺐ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ  ﻧﺨﻮ ﺳﺖ  ﺷﻜﻞ ﻇﺮ‪ m‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎ ﻣﺘﻨﻮ‪  L‬ﺑﻴﺶ  ﻫﻤﻪ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺳﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻛﺸﻴﺪ
 ﻟﺒﻪ ﺻﺎ‪ m‬ﺳﺖ‪.‬ﺧﻄﻮ‪ r‬ﻣﻮ  ﺧﻞ‬
‫ ﺧﺎ‪ ،p‬ﮔﻞﻫﺎ ﺗﺰﻳﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺷﻌﺎ ﻓﺎﺳﻲ  ﻋﺮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﻮ‪ o‬ﻣﺎﻫﻲ  ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎ ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎ ﻣﺎ
‬
‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎ‪.192  ،1342 ،C‬‬
‫‪ .5‬ﻋﺒﺪﻟﺮﻓﻴﻊ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﻳﺦ ﻫﻨﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻠﻲ  ﻫﻨﺮﻣﻨﺪ ﻳﺮﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﺮ ‪،‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﺎ  ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻤﺎ ﻳﺮ ‪.253-254  ،1379 ،‬‬
‫‪ .6‬ﻧﺪ
ﮔﺪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻨﺮ ﻳﺮ ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻦ‪.335  ،1358 ،‬‬
‫‪ .7‬ﻏﺎ ﻋﻼ
ﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻐﻮﻟﻲ  ﻓﺎﺳﻲ ﻃﻼ‪ L‬ﻛﻤﻲ  ﺑﺎ ﻋﺮﺑﻲ‬

‫ﺑﻬﻤﻦ  ﺳﻔﻨﺪ ‪1385‬‬

‫ﻣﺸﺒﻚ  ﻛﻒ ﻇﺮ‪ ،m‬ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻃﺮ‪ f‬ﺧﻠﻲ ﻇﺮ‪ m‬ﺑﻪ ‪ 6 ،4‬ﻳﺎ ‪ 8‬ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬ ‫ ﭼﻴﻨﻲ  ﺗﺒﺘﻲ  ﻻﺗﻴﻨﻲ ﺷﺖ  ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺘﻦ ﺗﺎﻳﺦ  ‪  R‬ﺧﻼ‪P‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻄﻮ‪ r‬ﭘﻬﻦ ﻧﺠﺎ‪ Z‬ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ  ﺧﻞ ﺧﻄﻮ‪ r‬ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ  ﺣﺪ ﻓﺎﺻﻞ  ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻼﻃﻴﻦ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻ ًﺎ ﭘﺎﺷﺎﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ ﺧﻮ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﻮ  ﻫﺮ ﻗﺖ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﮔﻞﻫﺎ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﻲ  ﻃﻮﻣﺎ ﺷﻜﻞ ﭘﺮ ﺷﺪ
ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻲ  ﻣﺮ‪ Z‬ﻣﻤﺎﻟﻚ ﺧﺎﺟﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻲﺧﻮ  ﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺑﺖ   ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎ‪C‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻲﻛﺮ ﻟﻲ ﺑﻴﺶ  ﻫﻤﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺘﻦ ﺗﺎﻳﺦ ﺑﺎء  ﺟﺪ ﻣﻐﻮﻟﻲ ﺧﻮ‬ ‫‪34‬‬

‫ﻋﺸﻖ  ﻋﻼﻗﻪ ﺷﺖ  ﻏﻴﺮ  ﭘﻮﻻ ﻗﺎ ﻫﻴﭻﻳﻚ  ﻣﺮ  ﺷﺎﻫﺰﮔﺎ ‬

‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬
‫ﻣﻐﻮ‪ %‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﺪ
  ﺑﺮ ﺣﻮ‪  %‬ﺳﺎﻣﻲ  ﻗﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﻐﻮ‪ %‬ﻧﺒﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ‬
‫‪ -‬ﮔﺪ‪V ،‬ﻧﺪ‪ .O‬ﻫﻨﺮﻳﺮ=‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﺑﻬﺮ ﺣﺒﻴﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﺮ=‪ :‬ﻧﺸﮕﺎ‪O‬‬
‫ﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺗﺐ‪ ،‬ﻏﺎ ﻣﺮ ﻫﻨﺮﻣﻨﺪ ﺑﻮ
 ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ  ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ  ﺣﺮﻓﻪﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺷﻬﻴﺪ ﺑﻬﺸﺘﻲ‪.1377 ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺑﻨﺎﻳﻲ  ﻧﻘﺎﺷﻲ  ﻫﻨﮕﺮ ﺳﻠﺤﻪﺳﺎ ﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺘﻪ ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗﺒﺎ[‪V ،‬ﺷﺘﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﺒﺎ>‪ .‬ﺗﺎﻳﺦ ﻣﻐﻮ[‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﺮ=‪ :‬ﻣﻴﺮﻛﺒﻴﺮ ‪1379‬‬ ‫ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺧﻴﺎ‪ %‬ﺑﻨﺎ ﺻﺪ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ  ﻧﺰﻳﻚ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺷﺘﻪ  ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺻﺪﻳﻖ‪ ،‬ﻋﻴﺴﻲ‪ .‬ﺗﺎﻳﺦ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻳﺮ=‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﺮ=‪ :‬ﺳﺎﻣﺎ= ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺷﺎ‪ Z‬ﻏﺎ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ    ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺑﻮ  ﻫﻞ ‪  R‬ﺣﻜﻤﺖ  ﻓﻀﻞ‬
‫ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎ‪1342 ،B‬‬ ‫ ﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺷﺖ  ﻏﺎﻟﺒ ًﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻳﺸﺎ ﻣﻲﻧﺸﺴﺖ   ﻣﺤﻀﺮ  ﺟﻤﺎﻋﺖ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺪﻟﺮﻓﻴﻊ‪ .‬ﺗﺎﻳﺦ ﻫﻨﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻠﻲ  ﻫﻨﺮﻣﻨﺪ= ﻳﺮﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﺮ=‪:‬‬ ‫ﺳﺆﻻﺗﻲ ﻃﺮ‪ f‬ﻣﻲﻧﻤﻮ‪  .‬ﻳﺎ  ﻣﺬﻫﺐ  ﻣﻠﻞ  ﻧﺤﻞ ﻃﻼﻋﺎ‪ C‬ﻛﺎﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﺎ=  ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻤﺎ= ﻳﺮ=‪1379 ،‬‬ ‫ﺷﺖ  ﻛﺜﺮ ﻗﺎ‪ C‬ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮ‪ P‬ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻪ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺜﻪ  ﻣﻨﺎﻇﺮ
ﻣﻲﻛﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﺴﻮ=‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﻮ‪ .‬ﺳﻔﺎ[ ﻳﻦ ﻓﺎ‪ 6‬ﻳﺮﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺷﻜﻮ‪‰ O‬ﻛﺮ‪،‬ﺗﻬﺮ=‪:‬‬ ‫)ﻛﺮﺳﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﻳﺦ ﺗﻤﺪ ﻳﺮ ‪ ،‬ﺻﺺ‪.(284-285:‬‬
‫‪ .8‬ﻛﺮﺳﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﻳﺦ ﺗﻤﺪ ﻳﺮ ‪.316  ،‬‬
‫ﺳﺮ}‪.،1382 ،‬‬
‫‪9. James Allan, Medieval Middle Eastern Pottery,‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻳﻠﺴﻮ=‪V ،‬ﻟﻦ ﺟﻴﻤﺰ‪ .‬ﺳﻔﺎﻟﮕﺮ ﺳﻼﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﻨﺎ ﺷﺎﻳﺴﺘﻪﻓﺮ‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﺮ=‪:‬‬
‫‪Oxford, Ashmolean Museum, 1971, p. 36.‬‬
‫ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎ‪ B‬ﻫﻨﺮ ﺳﻼﻣﻲ‪،1383 ،‬‬ ‫‪ .10‬ﻳﻦ ﺻﻄﻼ‪  f‬ﻟﻐﺖ ﻓﺎﺳﻲ ﻻﺟﻮ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻫﻤﺎ ﺑﻲ ﻛﺒﺎﻟﺖ‬
‫‪Allan James, Medieval Middle Eastern -‬‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺘﻖ ﺷﺪ
ﺳﺖ ﭼﺮ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻦ ﻇﺮ‪  m‬ﻛﺎﺷﻲ ﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻟﻌﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﮓ‬
‫‪Pottery, Oxford, The Ashmolean Museum,‬‬ ‫ﺑﻲ ﻛﺒﺎﻟﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﺪ
ﻣﻲ ﺷﺪ  ﺗﺰﻳﻴﻨﺎ‪  C‬ﻫﺎ  ﻧﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺳﻴﺎ
‪ ،‬ﺳﻔﻴﺪ‬
‫‪.1971‬‬ ‫ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ   ﻋﻴﻦ ﺣﺎ‪ %‬ﺗﻜﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻃﻼ  ﻗﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻃﻼ‬
‫‪Fehervari Geza, Pottery of the Islamic -‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻳﺪ
ﺷﺪ
  ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﻃﺮ‪ f‬ﭼﺴﺒﺎﻧﺪ
ﻣﻲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪) .‬ﺳﻔﺎﻟﮕﺮ ‬
‫‪.World, Kuwait, Tareq Rajab Museum, 1998‬‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎ ﺳﻼ‪(Z‬‬