RAFFLES INSTITUTION

H2 Mathematics (9758)
2021 Year 6

2021 Year 6 H2 Math Preliminary Paper 2: Solutions

Qn 1: Solutions
(i)
[1] y  e( x 1)
2

(ii) For f 1 to exist, f must be a one-one function.

[2] Least value of k  1 .
(iii) 1
[4] Let y 
2 x
1
2 x 
y
1
x  2
y
1
g 1 ( x)  2 
x

For g1f 1 to exist, R f 1  D g 1 .

R f 1  D f  1,  
Dg 1  R g  1,   0

Since R f 1 = D g 1 ,  g 1f 1 exists.

(iv) f 1 g 1
[1, )   [1, )  [1, 2)
[1]
R g 1 f 1  1, 2 

Note: D f 1  R f  1,   ,
R f 1  D f  1,  

0
OR
Since R f 1  D g1 , R g1 f 1  R g1  Dg  [1, 2)
2021 Y6 H2 Math Preliminary Paper 2: Solutions
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Qn 2: Solution
(a) x
Let the 3 numbers be , x and xr , where x is the middle term and r is the common
[5] r
ratio.
x
 x  xr   5832
r
x 3  5832
x  18

x
If the first number is reduced by 24, it is now  24 .
r
Since the 3 numbers now form an AP,
x 
  24   x  x  xr
r 

Substitute x  18 into the above equation,

 18 
 r  24   18  18  18r
 
2
3r  10r  3  0
 3r  1 r  3  0
1
r  or r  3 (rejected  it is a decreasing GP, i.e. 0  r  1)
3

Thus, the original 3 numbers are 54, 18, 6.

(b) Let A be the original area of the triangle in Fig. 1.

(i) 1
[1] A  11 sin 60
2
3

4
1 3
T1  A  (shown)
4 16
(ii) Area of triangle removed in stage 1  T1
[3] 3
Area of triangles removed in stage 2  T1
4
2
3
Area of triangles removed in stage 3    T1
4

n 1
 3
Area of triangles removed in stage n    T1
 4

2021 Y6 H2 Math Preliminary Paper 2: Solutions

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Total area of triangles removed after 10 stages, T10

2 9
3 3 3
 T1  T1    T1      T1
4 4 4
  3 10 
T1 1    
 4 
  
3
1
4
 0.409 (3 s.f.)
(iii) T1 3
[1] lim Tn  
n  3 4
1
4

OR
3
lim Tn  A 
n  4

2021 Y6 H2 Math Preliminary Paper 2: Solutions

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Qn 3: Solution
(i) ln y  1  8e x
[1]
Differentiate w.r.t x,
1 dy 1

y dx 2 1  8e x
 8e x 

1 dy 4e x

y dx ln y
dy
 ln y   4 ye x (shown)
dx

OR
ln y  1  8e x
2
 ln y   1  8ex
Differentiate w.r.t x,
 1  dy
2  ln y     8e x
 y  dx
dy
 ln y   4 ye x (shown)
dx
(ii) dy
[4]  ln y   4 ye x
dx
Differentiate w.r.t x,
2
d 2 y 1 dy dy
 ln y  2     4 ye x  4e x
dx y  dx  dx
x
When x  0, e  1 .
ln y  3  y  e3
dy dy 4 3
3  4e3   e
dx dx 3
2
d2 y 1  4  4 
3 2  3  e3   4e3  4  e3 
dx e 3  3 
2
d y 16 28 3
3 2  e3  e
dx 9 3
d 2 y 1  28 3 16 3  68 3
  e  e   e (shown)
dx 2 3  3 9  27

(iii) ln y  1  8e x  y  e 18e
x

[2]
By Maclaurin Theorem,
x 4 68 x 2
e 18e  e3  e3 x  e3  ...
3 27 2!
 4 34 2 
 e3  1  x  x   ...
 3 27 
2021 Y6 H2 Math Preliminary Paper 2: Solutions
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(iv) 3 4 34 2 
[3] Let g  x  =e  1  3 x  27 x  .
18e x
g  x  e <0.5
y

x   0.317, 0.279  (3 s.f.)

2021 Y6 H2 Math Preliminary Paper 2: Solutions

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Qn 4: Solution
     
(a) AC  BC  (OC  OA)  (OC  OB)
(i)
 (c  a)  (c  b)
[4]
 (c  a)  (c  a) (since b  a)
 cc  a c  c a  a a
 cc  a a
2 2 2 2
c a (since c  c  c , a  a  a )
0  since c  a  radius 

OR
     
AC  BC  (OC  OA)  (OC  OB)
 (c  a)  (c  b)
 cc  a c  cb  a b
 c  c  a  c  c  ( a )  a  ( a ) (since b  a)
 cc  a c  a c  a a (since a  c  c  a )
 cc  a a
2 2 2 2
c a (since c  c  c , a  a  a )
0  since c  a  radius 
 
Since AC  BC  0 , ACB  90 .
(ii) Let points (1, 0, 0 ) and (0, 0, 1) be A and B respectively
[2] Let R be the point with position vector r
Since (r  i)  (r  k )  0, ABR is a right-angled triangle.
Therefore R lies on a sphere with AB as the diameter of the sphere.
R

A (1, 0, 0) B (0, 0, 1)
C

Length of line segment joining A(1, 0, 0) and B(0, 0, 1) is 2

1 1
Midpoint of (1, 0, 0) and (0, 0, 1) is  , 0,  which is C, the centre of the sphere.
2 2
Set of vectors r consists of position vectors of points on a sphere with diameter 2
2 1 1
(OR radius ) and centre  , 0,  .
2 2 2

2021 Y6 H2 Math Preliminary Paper 2: Solutions

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(b) Set of vectors r consists of position vectors of points on a plane that contains the
(i) point M with position vector m and is perpendicular to the vector n.
[2]

If n is a unit vector, then m  n represents the shortest (perpendicular) distance

from origin to the plane. O
m n

(ii) Method 1
[4] Let X, Y and Z be points with position vectors xi, yj and zk respectively, then
 x 0 0
        
OX   0  , OY   y  , OZ   0 
 0 0 z
     
A normal to the plane π
  x    x   yz 
       
 XY  XZ   y    0    xz 
 0   z   xy 
     
 yz 
 
 xz 
  xy 
  xyz
 d  OX  
y z  x2 z 2  x2 y 2
2 2
y 2 z 2  x 2 z 2  x2 y 2

2 x2 y 2 z2
d  2 2
y z  x2 z 2  x 2 y 2
y 2 z 2  x 2 z 2  x2 y 2 1
 2
x2 y 2 z 2 d
1 1 1 1
2
 2 2  2 (shown)
x y z d

2021 Y6 H2 Math Preliminary Paper 2: Solutions

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Method 2
 nx 
 
Let the normal vector to the plane be  n y  where nx2  n y2  nz2  1 (unit vector)
n 
 z
 x   nx 
d
d   0    n y   d  xnX  nx 
0  n  x
   z
 0   nx 
    d
Similarly, d   y    n y   n y 
0 n  y
   z
 0   nx 
d
and, d   0    ny   nz 
z n  z
   z

nx2  n 2y  nz2  1
2 2 2
d d  d
Therefore           1
 x  y  z
1 1 1 1
 2  2  2  2 (Shown)
x y z d

Method 3 (Geometry)
Let X, Y and Z be points with position vectors xi, yj and zk respectively, then
z
Z

O
y
Y
X
x

Using the base OXY, volume of the tetrahedral OXYZ

2021 Y6 H2 Math Preliminary Paper 2: Solutions

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1
 Area of triangle OXY  OZ 

3
1 1 
  OX OY    OZ 
3 2 
1
 xyz
6
Using the base XYZ, volume of the tetrahedral OXYZ
1
  Area of triangle XYZ  d 
3
1  1   
  XY  XZ   d 
3 2 
  x   x    x   x 
11           
   y    0    d  , XY   y  and XZ   0 
3 2       0  z 
  0   z     
  yz  
11   
   xz    d 
3 2   
  xy  
d
 y 2 z 2  x2 z 2  x2 y 2
6

Hence
d 1
y 2 z 2  x 2 z 2  x 2 y 2  xyz
6 6
 d  y z  x z  x y   x2 y 2 z 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2

y2 z2  x2 z2  x2 y 2 1
 2 2 2
 2
x y z d
1 1 1 1
 2 2 2  2
x y z d

2021 Y6 H2 Math Preliminary Paper 2: Solutions

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Qn 5: Solution
(i) P( A  B )
A B
[1]  1  P( A ' B ')
 1  0.15
 0.85
A' B '
(ii) P  B  A
[3] P  B A 
P  A
P  B  A
0.4 
0.3
P  B  A   0.12
P  A  B   P  A  P  B   P  A  B 
0.85  0.3  P  B   0.12
P  B   0.67
(iii) P( A B ')
[2]
P( A  B ') A B

P( B ')
P( A)  P( A  B)

1  P( B) A B '
0.3  0.12

1  0.67
6

11

2021 Y6 H2 Math Preliminary Paper 2: Solutions

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Qn 6: Solution
(i) Null hypothesis, H 0 :   980
[2] Alternative hypothesis, H 1 :   980
where  is the population mean weekly salary.
(ii) Let X be the weekly earning of an I-ber driver (in $).
[5] Using GC, x  939.5

Perform a 1-tailed test at 5% significance level.

 882 
Under H0, X ~ N  980, 
 10 

p-value  0.0728  0.05 , hence we do not reject H 0 , and conclude that, based on the
test carried out by the recruitment manager, there is insufficient evidence for the
managing director to conclude at 5% level of significance that the mean weekly
earnings of a driver is less than $980.

Assumption:
Assume that the weekly earnings of the I-ber drivers are normally distributed.
(iii) To reject H 0 , smallest level of significance = 7.3% (1 d.p)
[1]

2021 Y6 H2 Math Preliminary Paper 2: Solutions

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Qn 7: Solution
(i) Let X and Y be the amount, in ml, of hand sanitiser in a small and large bottle respectively.
[1] Then X  N 108,52  and Y  N  510,  2 
P  X  100   0.054799  0.0548 (3 s.f.)

(ii) Required probability

[2] 4 95
 99C4  0.054799  1  0.054799   0.054799 
 0.00880 (3 s.f.)

(iii) P  Y  510  9   0.85

[3]
 Y  510 9 
P    0.85
  
 9
P  Z    0.85
 
9
From G.C,  1.4395

  6.25 (3 s.f.)

OR

0.85

P  501  Y  519   0.85

501 510 519
 501  510 Y  510 519  510 
P     0.85
    
 9 9
P    Z    0.85
  
9
From G.C,  1.4395

  6.25 (3 s.f.)

(iv)
[3]

Y  5 X  N 510  5(108), 62  52  52  
i.e Y  5 X  N  30, 661

P  Y  5 X  0   0.878 (3 s.f.)

2021 Y6 H2 Math Preliminary Paper 2: Solutions

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Qn 8: Solution
(i) 8!
[1] The number of different arrangements  2!2!  10080 (shown)
(ii) The consonants are M, M, N, T, Y and the vowels are I, I, U.
[3]
5!
Number of ways to arrange the consonants   60
2!

C1 C2 C3 C4 C5
     

Number of ways to choose 3 slots to insert the vowels  6C3  20

3!
Number of ways to arrange the vowels   3
2!
 The number of different arrangements  60  20  3  3600

Method 2 (complementary approach) :

Case 1 : 3 vowels are together (as a unit)

IIU M M N T Y

6!
Number of arrangements =  3 = 1080.
2!

Case 2 : Group 2 ‘I’s together (as a unit)

M M N T Y II U

7!
Number of arrangements = = 2520.
2!

Case 3 : Group one I and one U together (as a unit)

M M N T Y IU I

7!
Number of arrangements =  2  5040 .
2!

Hence, the required number of different arrangements

= 10080 – 2520 – 5040 + 1080
= 3600.

2021 Y6 H2 Math Preliminary Paper 2: Solutions

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Method 3 (complementary approach) :

Case 1 : 3 vowels are together (as a unit)

IIU M M N T Y

6!
Number of arrangements =  3 = 1080.
2!

Case 2 : Group 2 ‘I’s together (as a unit), and U is another unit not adjacent to I-I

II U

M M N T Y
     
5!
Number of ways to arrange the 5 consonants = = 60.
2!
Numbers of ways to insert 2 units = 6C2  2 = 30.
Number of different arrangements = 60  30 = 1800.

Case 3 : Group one I and U together (as a unit), and the other I is
another unit not adjacent to I-U unit

IU I

M M N T Y
     
5!
Number of ways to arrange the 5 consonants = = 60.
2!
Numbers of ways to insert 2 units = 6C2  2  2  60 .
Number of different arrangements = 60  60 = 3600.

Hence, the required number of different arrangements

= 10080 – 1080 – 1800 – 3600
= 3600.

(iii) Events A and B are not mutually exclusive.

(a) This is because both events can occur at the same time, for example arrangements such
[1] as MMUNIITY, IINTUMMY and YUMMIINT.

(iii) 7! 1 1
(b) P( A)  P( B)   10080  , so P( A)  P( B) 
2! 4 16
[3]
6! 1
P( A  B)  
10080 14

P( A  B )  P( A)  P( B )  Events A and B are not independent.

2021 Y6 H2 Math Preliminary Paper 2: Solutions
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(iv) Required probability

[4]  P( A ' B ')
 1  P( A  B)
 1   P( A)  P( B)  P( A  B) 
1 1 1 
 1    
 4 4 14 
4

7

Method 2 (Venn Diagram) :

A B

1 1 5 1 1 5
P( A )  P( A B )    P( B )  P( A  B )   
4 14 28 4 14 28

5 5 1 4
Required probability = 1     .
28 28 14 7

Method 3 (complementary approach) :

Case 1 : Group 2 ‘M’s together (as a unit), and the two ‘I’s are to be
separated from each other.

I I

MM U N T Y
     

Number of ways = 5!  6C2 = 1800.

Case 2 : Group 2 ‘I’s together (as a unit), and the two ‘M’s are to be
separated from each other.

M M

II U N T Y
     

2021 Y6 H2 Math Preliminary Paper 2: Solutions

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Raffles Institution H2 Mathematics 2021 Year 6
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Number of ways = 5!  6C2 = 1800.

Case 3 : Group 2 ‘I’s together (as a unit), and group 2 ‘M’s together
(as a unit)

II MM U N T Y

Number of ways = 6! = 720.

1800 1800 720 4

Hence, the required probability = 1 –    .
10080 10080 10080 7

Method 4 (complementary approach) :

Case 1 : Group 2 ‘M’s together (as a unit)

MM U N T Y I I

7!
Number of ways = = 2520.
2!

Case 2 : Group 2 ‘I’s together (as a unit)

II U N T Y M M

7!
Number of ways = = 2520.
2!

Case 3 : Group 2 ‘I’s together (as a unit), and group 2 ‘M’s together
(as a unit)

II MM U N T Y

Number of ways = 6! = 720.

2520 2520 720 4

Hence, the required probability = 1 –    .
10080 10080 10080 7

2021 Y6 H2 Math Preliminary Paper 2: Solutions

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Raffles Institution H2 Mathematics 2021 Year 6
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Qn 9: Solution
(a) 1. The probability of drawing red balls from 2nd draw does not remain at a constant.
[2] If first ball is red, probability of red for 2nd ball is 4/7
If first ball is black, probability of red for 2nd ball is 3/6.

2. The drawing of balls are not independent of each other as it involves replacement.

(b) P( R  1)  P(at least 1 red)  1  P(all black)

(i)  1  2  1 
[2]  1      
 2  5  4 
1 19
 1 
20 20
(ii) Let A be the event the first ball drawn is black.
[3]
Then
P( A | R  1)
P( A  R  1)

P( R  1)
P({B, R}  {B, B, R})

19
20
1  3  1  2  3 
     
2  5  2  5  4 

19
20
9

19

Alternatively,

P( A | R  1)
P( A  R  1)

P( R  1)
P( B)  P( BBB)

19
20
1 1  2  1 
   
2 2  5  4 

19
20
9

19

2021 Y6 H2 Math Preliminary Paper 2: Solutions

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Raffles Institution H2 Mathematics 2021 Year 6
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(c) P(all 31 balls red)

[2]  3  4  5  6  7   30  31  32  33 
       ...    
 6  7  8  9  10   33  34  35  36 
3(4)(5)

34(35)(36)
1

34(7)(3)
1

714
(d) P(all red balls in first n draws)  P  R  n 
[3]
 3  4  5   6   n  n  1  n  2 
       ...    
 6  7  8   9   n  3  n  4  n  5 
60

(n  3)(n  4)(n  5)
From GC,
60
 0.0001
(n  3)(n  4)(n  5)
 0  n  80.347

Maximum amount Isaac would win with probability exceeding 0.0001 is $8000.

Alternatively, from GC table of values:

2021 Y6 H2 Math Preliminary Paper 2: Solutions

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Qn 10: Solution
(i) The following table * shows the probabilities of obtaining the number of heads
[5] corresponding to the number of throws.

Number of heads recorded, X

0 1 2 3 4
T: H:
1 1 1 1  1  1  1  - - -
     
4  0 2  4  1  2 
TT: HT or TH: HH:
(No. shown on the ball drawn)

2 2 2
2 1  2 1  1  2 1  1  2 1  - -
        
4  0 2  4 1 2  4  2 2 
No. of tosses

HTT or THT HHT or HTH

TTT: or HTT: or THH:
HHH:
3 3
3 1  3 1  3 3 1  3  1  -
   1  3  1  1  3 1    
4  0 2        4  3  2 
4  1  2  4  2 2 
HHTT,
HTHT, HHHT,
HTTT,
HTTH, HHTH,
TTTT: THTT, TTHT
THHT, HTHH or
HHHH:
4 or TTTH: 4
4 1  4 1  4
THTH or THHH: 1  4 1 
   1  4 1  TTHH: 4   
4  0 2     1  4 1  4  4 2 
4 1 2  1  4 1 
4
  
   4  3 2 
4  2 2 

1  1 1 1 1  15
P( X  0)  P  T, TT, TTT or TTTT       (shown)
4  2 4 8 16  64

x 0 1 2 3 4
15 13 1 3 1
P( X  x)
64 32 4 32 64
(ii)   E( X )
[3]  15   13   1   3  1 
  0     1    2     3     4  
 64   32   4   32   64 
5
  1.25
4

2021 Y6 H2 Math Preliminary Paper 2: Solutions

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Raffles Institution H2 Mathematics 2021 Year 6
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 5
P( X   )  P  X  
 4
 P  X  2   P  X  3  P  X  4 
1 3 1
  
4 32 64
23
 or 0.359375
64

 15   13   1  3   1  5
E( X 2 )   02    12     22     32     42   
 64   32   4  32   64  2

 2 = Var( X )
2
 E( X 2 )   E( X ) 
2
5 5
  
2 4
15
 (shown)
16
(iii) Let Y be the number of games, out of ten, with at least two heads.
[2]  23 
Y ~ B 10, 
 64 
P(Y  2)
 1  P(Y  1)
 1  0.076953
 0.923 (3 s.f.)
(iv) Let X be the average number of heads recorded in 50 games.
[3] Since n  50 is large, by Central Limit Theorem,
 15   0.9375 
X ~ N 1.25,  or X ~ N  1.25,  approximately.
 16(50)   50 
P  X  1  0.0339 (3 s.f.)

Alternatively,
Since n  50 is large, by Central Limit Theorem,
 15 
X 1  X 2   X 50 ~ N  50 1.25, 50   approximately.
 16 
P  X  1  P  X 1  X 2   X 50  50   0.0339 (3 s.f.)

2021 Y6 H2 Math Preliminary Paper 2: Solutions

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