INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2

CHE 212

LECT. 1
Dr. Reham El-Araby
 Content

a) The Periodic Table.

b)Group 5A Elements.
c) Nitrogen.
The Periodic Table
The Periodic Table
Groups
The Periodic Table

Groups
1A 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 8A (0)
 The Periodic Table

Periods
 The Periodic Table

1
2
3
Periods 4
5
6
7
 The Periodic Table
Noble
Alkali gases
metals Alkaline
Halogens
Earth
metals

Transition metals
The Periodic Table
Sn = tin Group ? Period ?
The Periodic Table
Sn = tin Group 4 Period 5
The Periodic Table

Non-metals

Metals
 The Periodic Table
In which order are the
chemical elements arranged
in the periodic table?
 The Periodic Table
The chemical elements are
arranged in order of increasing
atomic number
 The Periodic Table
The atomic number or (proton number) of a chemical
element is the number of protons found in the nucleus of
every atom of that element.
 The Periodic Table
Elements in the same group have
the same number of electrons in
their outermost shell. This is the
same as the group number
 The Periodic Table
Elements in the same period have
the same number of shells. This
is the same as the period number
Groups and chemical properties
 The Period Number
tells you how many
shells (orbits) there
are around the
nucleus.
For example, Calcium
is in Period 4, so will
have 4 shells around
the nucleus
 The Period Number
tells you how many
shells (orbits) there
are around the
nucleus.
For example, Calcium
is in Period 4, so will
have 4 shells around
the nucleus
Groups and chemical properties
why do elements in the same group of the
Periodic Table have similar chemical properties
Groups and chemical properties
why do elements in the same group of the
Periodic Table have similar chemical properties

It’s all to do with

their electronic
configuration.
Groups and chemical properties
why do elements in the same group of the
Periodic Table have similar chemical properties

It’s all to do with

their electronic
configuration.

In order to be
stable, atoms need
a full outer shell of
electrons
Groups and chemical properties
Elements in the same group have the
same number of electrons in their
outermost shell
Groups and chemical properties
Atoms need to lose or gain electrons in
order to become stable
Groups and chemical properties
*Metals lose their outer electron or
electrons when they react, and non-
metals gain
Groups and chemical properties
The fewer electrons that need to be
lost or gained, the more reactive the
element
Groups and chemical properties

Non-metals
Groups and chemical properties
Group 1 elements lose one electron to become stable
Groups and chemical properties
Group 1 elements lose one electron to become stable
Group 2 elements lose two electrons to become stable
Groups and chemical properties
Group 1 elements lose one electron to become stable
Group 2 elements lose two electrons to become stable
Group 3 elements lose three electrons to become stable
Groups and chemical properties
Group 5 elements gain three electrons to become stable
Group 6 elements gain two electrons to become stable
Group 7 elements gain one electron to become stable
Groups and chemical properties
Group 1 are the Group 7 are the
most reactive most reactive non-
metals metals
 Groups and chemical properties
Group 1 are the Group 7 are the
most reactive most reactive non-
metals metals
Metallic property increases
 Groups and chemical properties
Group 1 are the Group 7 are the
most reactive most reactive non-
metals metals
Metallic property increases

Metallic property decreases

 Groups and chemical properties
Group 1 are the Group 7 are the
most reactive most reactive non-
metals metals
Metallic property increases

Metallic property decreases

Non metallic property increases
 Groups and chemical properties
Group 1 are the Group 7 are the
most reactive most reactive non-
metals metals
Metallic property increases

Non metallic property decreases

Metallic property decreases
Non metallic property increases
Groups and chemical properties
What about the elements in
Group 8A (0) ? Why are they
so unreactive?
Groups and chemical properties
What about the elements in
2 Group 8 (0) ? Why are they
so unreactive?
2:8
Look at their electron
configurations – can you see
2:8:8
why they don’t react?
Groups and chemical properties
What about the elements in
2 Group 8 (0) ? Why are they
so unreactive?
2:8
Look at their electron
configurations – can you see
2:8:8
why they don’t react?

They already have full outer shells of

electrons, so they don’t need to lose or gain
any more.
This is why they are called the inert gases.
They don’t usually react.
(They are also know as the rare or noble
gases)
Liquid nitrogen
a) Group 5A
Nitrogen and its
compounds.
 Group 5A
The elements in group 5A, on the right of the periodic
table
Nitrogen N7
Phosphorous P15
Arsenic As33
Antimony Sb51
Bismuth Bi83
 1 stAssignment for next week:

(a) What is the electronic configuration of the 5A elements

from N7 to Bi 83?

(b): What is the scientific meaning of the following terms:

1-Oxidation Number Rules.

2-Electronegativity.

3- Allotropy