SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF TABACO CITY

STATISTICS
AND PROBABILITY
Quarter 4 – Week 4

LAS 4.1 – Problem Solving Involving Test of Hypothesis on the

Population Mean
LAS 4.2 – Appropriate Null and Alternative Hypotheses on a
Population Proportion
LAS 4.3 – Appropriate Form of Test-statistic when the Central Limit Theorem
is to be used

Development Team:

Writer:
DENNIS B. COLAR – Teacher II, TNHS

Editors/Reviewers:
REYNALDO C. CAÑEZO, JR. - Master Teacher I, TNHS
DIOLETA B. BORAIS – EPS I, Mathematics
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region V – Bicol
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF TABACO CITY
_______________________________________________________________________________

Name:_________________________Grade,Strand & Block:_______________Date:____________

Learning Area: Statistics and Probability __ Teacher: ___________________________

Learning Activity Sheets No. _4.1__

PROBLEMS INVOLVING TEST OF HYPOTHESIS ON THE POPULATION MEAN

I.OBJECTIVE:
Solve problems involving test of hypothesis on the population mean.

II. LEARNING ACTIVITY:

Solving Problems Involving Test of Hypothesis on the Population Mean
In solving problems involving test of hypothesis on the population mean, you need to consider the
following steps:
Step 1: State the null and the alternative hypothesis.
Step 2: Choose the level of significance.
Step 3: Compute the test statistic.
Step 4: Determine the critical value.
Step 5: Draw the conclusion.
Example: The leader of the association of jeepney drivers claims that the averages daily take home pay of all
drivers in Tabaco City is Php 400.00. A random sample of 100 jeepney drivers in Tabaco City was interviewed
and the average daily take home pay of these drivers is found to be Php 425.00. Use a 0.05 significance level
to find out if the average daily take home pay of all jeepney drivers in Tabaco City is different from Php 400.00.
Assume that the population standard deviation is Php 92.00.
Solution:
Step 1: State the null and the alternative hypothesis.
Ho : μ = 400
Ha : μ ≠ 400
Step 2: Choose the level of significance.
∝ = 0.05
Step 3: Compute the test statistic.
x
̅ −μ
z= δ
√n

425−400
= 92
√100

= 𝟐. 𝟕𝟐
Step 4: Determine the critical value.

The alternative hypothesis is non-directional; hence, the two-tailed test shall be used. Divide ∝ by 2,
and then subtract the quotient from 0.5.
∝
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟓
𝟐

0.5 − 0.025 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟕𝟓

Use the Areas Under The Normal Curve Table. The area 0.475 is under column headed 6. Move along
this arrow to the left until 1.9 under column headed z is reached. Therefore, 𝑧∝ = 1.96. At 5% level of
2
significance the critical value is ±1.96.
 Rejection Region

Non-
rejection
region

𝜇 = 400
-1.96 1.96 2.72
Critical value
Step 5: Draw the conclusion.
Because the computed test statistic, 𝑧 = 2.72 falls within the rejection region (beyond the critical values
±1.96), reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis. Conclude that the
average daily take home pay of jeepney drivers is not equal to Php 400.00. This result is
considered to be significant at ∝ = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓 level.
III. PRACTICE EXERCISES:
Solve the given problem involving test of the hypothesis on the population mean.

According to a study done last year, the average monthly expense for mobile loads of high school students in
Tabaco National High School was Php 350.00. A Statistics student believes that this amount has increased
due to online classes brought by the covid-19 pandemic. Is there a reason to believe this amount has really
increased if a random sample of 60 students has average monthly expenses for mobile phone loads of Php
380? Use a 0.05 level of significance. Assume that the population standard deviation is Php 77.00.

IV. EVALUATION:
Solve the given problem involving test of the hypothesis on the population mean.

The Head of Mathematics Department announced that the mean score of Grade 11 students in the Midterm
Exam in Statistics and Probability was 89 and the standard deviation was 12. One student, who believed that
the mean score was less than this, randomly selected 34 students and computed their mean score. She
obtained a mean score of 85. At 0.01 level of significance, test the student’s beliefs.

Answer Key
Practice Exercises:
Step 1: State the null and the alternative hypothesis.
Ho : μ = 350

Ha : μ > 350
Step 2: Choose the level of significance.
∝ = 0.05
Step 3: Compute the test statistic.
x
̅ −μ
z= δ
√n

380−350
= 77
√60

= 𝟑. 𝟎𝟐
Step 4: Determine the critical value.

The alternative hypothesis is directional. Hence, the one-tailed test shall be used. This time, ∝ will not
be divided by 2. Subtract 0.05 from 0.5.
0.5 − 0.05 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟓
 Use the Areas Under The Normal Curve Table. The area 0.45 is between 0.4495 under column headed
4 and 0.4505 under column headed 5. Move along this arrow to the left until 1.6 under column headed
z is reached. Therefore, 𝑧 = 1.645[(1.64+1.65) ÷ 2 = 1.645]. At 5% level of significance the critical value
is 1.645.

Non-
rejection
region

𝜇 = 350 3.02
1.645 (Critical Value)

Step 5: Draw the conclusion.

Because the computed test statistic, 𝑧 = 3.02 falls within the rejection region (beyond the critical value
1.645), reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis. Conclude that the
average monthly expenses for the mobile phone loads of high school students in Tabaco
national High school is more than Php 350.00. This result is considered to be significant at
∝= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓 level.

Non-rejection
region

α= 0.01

𝜇 = 89
-2.33 -1.94
(Critical Value)
Step 5: Draw the conclusion.
Because the computed test statistic, 𝑧 = −1.94 do not fall within the rejection region, do not reject the
null hypothesis. Conclude that the mean score of all students in the Midterm Exam in Statistics
and Probability is not less than 89. This result is considered to be significant at ∝= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏 level.

Reference:
Next Century Mathematics, Statistics and Probability by Jesus P. Mercardo and Fernando B. Orines
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region V – Bicol
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF TABACO CITY
_______________________________________________________________________________

Name:_________________________Grade,Strand & Block:_______________Date:____________

Learning Area: Statistics and Probability __ Teacher: ___________________________

Learning Activity Sheets No._4.2__

APPROPRIATE NULL AND ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESES ON A POPULATION PROPORTION

I.OBJECTIVE:
Formulate the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses on a population proportion.

II. LEARNING ACTIVITY:

Formulating the Appropriate Null and Alternative Hypotheses on a Population Proportion

The actual test begins by considering two hypotheses. They are called the null hypothesis and
the alternative hypothesis. These hypotheses contain opposing viewpoints.

H0: The null hypothesis: It is a statement about the population that either is believed to be true or is used to
put forth an argument unless it can be shown to be incorrect beyond a reasonable doubt.

Ha: The alternative hypothesis: It is a claim about the population that is contradictory to H0 and what we
conclude when we reject H0.

The null statement must always contain some form of equality (=, ≤ or ≥) Always write the alternative
hypothesis, typically denoted with H a or H 1, using less than, greater than, or not equals symbols, i.e., (≠, >,
or <).

Examples:

1. Over the past few decades, public health officials have examined the link between weight concerns and teen
girls' smoking. Researchers surveyed a group of 273 randomly selected teen girls living in Payatas (between
12 and 15 years old). After four years the girls were surveyed again. Sixty-three said they smoked to stay thin.
Is there good evidence that more than thirty percent of the teen girls smoke to stay thin?
• H0: p = 0.30
• Ha: p > 0.30

2. A statistics instructor believes that fewer than 20% of a certain college, students attended the opening night
midnight showing of the latest Harry Potter movie. She surveys 84 of her students and finds that 11 attended
the midnight showing.
• H0: p = 0.20
• Ha: p < 0.20

III. PRACTICE EXERCISES:

Formulate the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses on a population proportion.
Note: Some of the given statements refer to the null hypothesis, some refer to the alternate hypothesis.

1. More than 30% of the Filipino voted in presidential elections.

2. Twenty-nine percent of high school seniors get 4Ps allowance each month.

3. Fewer than 5% of adults ride the bus to work in Legazpi City.

4. The chance of developing breast cancer is under 11% for women.

5. Less than 15% of the youths are out of school youths.

IV. EVALUATION:
Formulate the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses on a population proportion.
Note: Some of the given statements refer to the null hypothesis, some refer to the alternate hypothesis.

1. Ninety five percent of grade 11 ABM students passed the summative test.

2. Thirty percent of the population are allowed to enter the restaurant.

3. More than ninety percent of the local tourist destinations are closed because of the covid-19 pandemic.

4. Below 10% are expected to attend to the birthday party because of the safety protocols imposed by the
IATF.

5. It is claimed that more than 95% of the teachers are following the work from home scheme.

6. It was observed in a certain high school that 75% of the parents are present during the distribution of the
modules.

7. Only 3% of the STEM students chose online distance learning.

8. Five percent of the teenagers in a certain barangay are caught disobeying the curfew hours.

9. Greater than 97% of the people in a certain town are satisfied with what the local government is going in
response to the covid-19 pandemic.

10. During the retrieval, less than 10% of the grade 7 students in a certain school failed to submit their answer
sheets.

Answer Key
Practice Exercise
1. 2.
• H0: p = 0.30 H0: p = 0.29
• Ha: p > 0.30 Ha: p ≠ 0.29

3. 4.
• H0: p = 0.05 H0: p = 0.11
• Ha: p < 0.05 Ha: p < 0.11
•
5.
• H0: p = 0.15
• Ha: p < 0.15

References:
1. Next Century Mathematics, Statistics and Probability by Jesus P. Mercardo and Fernando B. Orines

2. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/introstats1/chapter/null-and-alternative-hypotheses/

3. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wmopen-concepts-statistics/chapter/hypothesis-test-for-a-population-
proportion-3-of-3/
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region V – Bicol
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF TABACO CITY
_______________________________________________________________________________

Name:_________________________Grade,Strand & Block:_______________Date:____________

Learning Area: Statistics and Probability __ Teacher: ___________________________

Learning Activity Sheets No._4.3__

APPROPRIATE FORM OF THE TEST-STATISTIC WHEN THE CENTRAL LIMIT THEOREM IS TO BE
USED

I.OBJECTIVE:
Identify appropriate form of the test-statistic when the central limit theorem is to be used.

II. LEARNING ACTIVITY:

The Central Limit Theorem is not limited to sample means. It can also be applied to sample
proportions. The sample size is considered sufficiently large if 𝑛𝑝 > and 𝑛𝑞 >. The following formula can be
used as an appropriate test statistic to test the hypothesis about population proportion 𝑝.
𝑝̂−𝑝 𝑝̂−𝑝
𝑧= 𝑝𝑞
or 𝑧 =
𝑝(1−𝑝)
√𝑛 √
𝑛
where:
𝑝̂ = 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑝 = 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑛 = 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒
𝑞 =1−𝑝

Examples: Identify the appropriate form of the test-statistic given the following:

sample proportion population proportion sample size

1. 15% 20% 500
2. 45% 60% 1, 200

Solutions:

𝑝̂−𝑝 𝑝̂−𝑝
1. 𝑧 = 2. 𝑧=
𝑝(1−𝑝) 𝑝(1−𝑝)
√ √
𝑛 𝑛
0.15−0.20 0.45−0.60
= = 0.60(1−0.60)
0.20(1−0.20)
√ √
500 1,200
−0.05 −0.15
= = 0.60(0.40)
0.20(0.80)
√ √
500 1,200
−0.05 −0.15
= 0.16
= 0.24
√ 500 √1,200
−0.05 −0.15
= =
√0.00032 √0.0002
𝒛 = −𝟐. 𝟖𝟎 𝒛 = −𝟑. 𝟑𝟓

III. PRACTICE EXERCISES:

Identify the appropriate form of the test-statistic by solving the z-value, given the following data:

sample proportion population proportion sample size

1. 80% 85% 250
2. 70% 60% 380
3. 40% 50% 1, 420
IV. EVALUATION:

Identify the appropriate form of the test-statistic by solving the z-value given the following data:

sample proportion population proportion sample size

1. 52% 56% 1, 580
2. 72% 64% 2, 820
3. 36% 44% 3, 950
4. 88% 82% 4, 270
5. 86% 80% 1, 390

Answer Key

Practice Exercises:
𝑝̂−𝑝 𝑝̂−𝑝 𝑝̂−𝑝
1. 𝑧 = 2. 𝑧= 3. 𝑧=
𝑝(1−𝑝) 𝑝(1−𝑝) 𝑝(1−𝑝)
√ √ √
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
0.80−0.85 0.70−0.60 0.40−0.50
= = = 0.50(1−0.50)
0.85(1−0.85) 0.60(1−0.60)
√ √ √
250 380 1,420
−0.05 0.04 −0.10
= = = 0.50(0.50)
0.85(0.15) 0.60(0.40)
√ √ √
250 380 1,420
−0.05 0.04 −0.10
= = 0.24
= 0.25
0.1275
√ √ 380 √1,420
250
−0.05 0.04 −0.10
= = =
√0.00051 √0.000632 √0.000176
𝒛 = −𝟐. 𝟐𝟏 𝒛 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟗 𝒛 = −𝟕. 𝟓𝟒

Reference:
Next Century Mathematics, Statistics and Probability by Jesus P. Mercardo and Fernando B. Orines

------------------END OF QUARTER 4 WEEK 4--------------