Zidan FathiShehadeh Salman Proposal

Institute Name

Student Name

Date
Table of Contents
Introduction..................................................................................................................................2

Background and Significance......................................................................................................3

Entrepreneurial Opportunity........................................................................................................4

Research Aim, Questions and Objective.....................................................................................5

Research Aim...........................................................................................................................5

Research Objective..................................................................................................................5

Research Questions..................................................................................................................5

Literature Review........................................................................................................................6

Methodology................................................................................................................................8

Research Philosophy................................................................................................................8

Research Approach..................................................................................................................9

Research Strategy....................................................................................................................9

Data Collection............................................................................................................................9

Data Analysis...........................................................................................................................9

Ethical Consideration.................................................................................................................10

Project Plan................................................................................................................................10

RAID Analysis...........................................................................................................................10

References..................................................................................................................................13
Introduction
The purpose of this study is to determine how the Internet of Things has influenced health care
and well-being, as well as the concerns that it may cause. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a
paradigm whose primary premise is the practical connection of gadgets or things to computers.
This method permits the transmission of information among all related things as well as the
secure transmission of information from users. According to a study performed on this subject,
the Internet of Things will have around 50 billion gadgets connected to the internet by 2020. The
study also anticipates that a variety of physical things, such as sensor controllers and computers,
would expand to have unique addresses with the potential to transfer data from daily routine and
common activities to restricted medical records in a more secure manner. The Internet of Things
technology takes an integrated methodology with embedded technologies that allow these items
to be logically connected, interact and engage with one another, as well as with the physical
world. The present connectivity of devices, processes, and maintenance is favourable in
comparison to the previous machine to machine (M2M) approach. As a result, the entire area is
being proposed for computerization. The Internet of Things offers suitable solutions for various
of application, such as smart buildings. site visitor crowding, and resource management in
various areas, fundamental well-being, and services offering privacy, economic dominance, and
wellness care. According to Al Hayani and Ilhan (2020), medical care and well-being care are
critical main applications for IoT. As a result, the Internet of Things can be defined as a notion
that reflects a joint initiative of any anytime, anyone, anyplace, any network, anything, and any
service. Healthcare is one of the most common and appealing IoT different applications. This
notion is used in healthcare by offering a variety of medical applications such as serious illness,
exercise programmers, mobile healthcare monitoring, and geriatric care.

Background and Significance

Healthcare is a top priority for all governments, especially when it comes to challenges like
population increase, population ageing, rural urbanisation, economic expansion, declining birth-
rates, and social inequity in resource allocation, to name a few. There has been a surge in social
issues in the healthcare industry, some of which IoT can effectively avoid or counteract. These
issues include healthcare management levels and the inability to respond quickly to emergencies,
a paucity of medical staff as well as healthcare facilities, particularly in rural areas, resulting in
low different treatments, and a lack of healthcare system and medical facilities. Finally, the
failure to detect and prevent illness in its early stages (Atzori, Iera & Morabito, 2017). The use of
IoT in healthcare can help solve the following problems: collapsing regional barriers to help
accelerate clinical response, providing network connectivity encompassing images and videos of
healthcare information to support medical assistance, and providing a different conceptual
framework to be used in IoT medical services. Finally, there are a range of IoT-related
applications, such as using a Smartphone's capabilities as a platform in the process of giving
health aid to patients through medical characteristic measurement. As per the Hussein (2019), the
scope of IoT integration in the global health industry will be the key objective of the study. This
research topic is important to me because it enables me to identify vital issues in the health
industry that can be solved by fully adopting IoT. The Internet of Things (IoT) is important in the
healthcare sector because it reduces operating costs and allows for centralised access to medical
data and patient-related information, enhancing efficiency. Furthermore, it allows for the
intelligent connection of devices, which increases communication and decision making.

Entrepreneurial Opportunity
Many countries' healthcare systems are poor, inefficient, and prone to mistakes. This is easily
changeable because the healthcare industry relies on multiple activities and gadgets that can be
mechanised and improved through innovation. Further technology that can facilitate activities
such as report sharing to numerous individuals and places, maintaining records, and drug
delivery would go a long way toward altering the healthcare business. Many of the benefits that
IoT applications provide in the healthcare sector are most commonly classified as tracking of
patients, personnel, and objects, authenticating and verifying persons, and autonomous data
collection and monitoring. Once the flow of patients is tracked, healthcare workflow can be
considerably improved. Furthermore, authentication and identification lessen potentially
dangerous situations to patients, as well as record maintenance and fewer incidences of
mismatched newborns (El-Haddadeh et al., 2019). Furthermore, automatic information gathering
and communication is critical in automated processes, properties and applications timeline
reduction, computerized treatment monitoring, and healthcare stock management. Sensor devices
enable patient-cantered functions, such as diagnosing illnesses and providing actual information
on patients' health indicators.
Some of the advantages of leveraging IoT in healthcare, according to Dumas, include: With the
deployment of a healthcare transportation system and other groundbreaking Internet of Things
(IoT) technologies, as well as impending healthcare services, the Internet of Things (IoT) may
streamline the care delivery process. Interoperability, artificial intelligence machine-to-machine
connection, information exchange, and data mobility are all benefits of the Internet of Things
(IoT) in healthcare, all of which add to the effectiveness of healthcare service delivery. This
sector's application fields include the ability to monitor a patient's compliance with medications,
videoconferencing services, and notifications for patients' well-being (Firouzi et al., 2018). As a
result, sensors can be utilised on outpatient and inpatient patients, as well as dentists Bluetooth
devices and toothbrushes that can provide information after use and patient monitoring. RFID,
Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi are among other IoT elements that can be used in this capacity. These will
considerably improve the measurement and monitoring of critical functions such as
cardiovascular disease, temperature, heart rate, blood sugar, cholesterol levels, and many more.
Some of the advantages of leveraging IoT in healthcare according Hussein (2019) include lower
operational expenses (due to the utilisation of IoT medical devices), improved patient
experience, and reduced errors. IoT connected healthcare applications can improve patient
experience by providing remote management and making physical places smarter and more
integrated. Improved operational efficiency, clinical activities, and necessary resource planning
all contribute to the better experience. Smart healthcare systems that use IoT can help to reduce
errors by providing real-time data and the ability to analyse a patient's previous treatments and
diagnoses. Treatment outcomes can also be enhanced since IoT healthcare devices collect very
accurate data that can assist healthcare practitioners in making informed decisions. Similarly, IoT
healthcare apps that provide ubiquitous monitoring systems can be used for disease management,
with greater data analytics leading to better understanding for improved disease prevention.

Research Aim, Questions and Objective

Research Aim
The primary purpose was to provide a forum for the exchange of product and service information
about the influence of technology and the internet of things on health and well-being.
Research Objective
1. What kind of contact do various organizations need to have for the benefit of
healthcare communities and ICT sectors
2. What role does the Internet of Things (IoT) play in medical services?

Questions
1. The goal of this study is to look at the evolution of the internet of things (IoT) and the
motives for its deployment.
2. Internet of things (IoT) may play in tackling the major social issues, as well as the
aspects that can be expected from related solutions.
3. What are the advantages of deploying IoT in the healthcare sector?

Literature Review
There is a growing desire for health care to develop better techniques to satisfy the demands of
customers in a safe, cost-effective, and trustworthy manner. In a debate about Procter &
Gamble's usage of broadcast identification (RFID) for supply chain, Kevin Ashton invented the
term "Internet of Things." (IoT) is an attempt to create machinery that allows all smart devices in
a network to connect with one another without the need for human intervention. In its most basic
form, an IoT device is any device that can connect to the internet for the purpose of data
gathering or transfer. (Kaur Kumar and Kumar, 2019). The Internet of Things (IoT) phenomena
are revolutionising present health care by making contemporary, financial, and social
possibilities available. It is transforming health-care systems from traditional to more
individualised models, making it simpler to identify, treat, and monitor patients. According to
Khan, (2017), the Internet of Things (IoT) is quickly becoming a vital technology in health
systems, where it can save costs, enhance service quality, and create sophisticated user
experiences. Because of its comprehensive capabilities such as monitoring, identity management,
and data analysis, IoT in healthcare is expected to increase at an exponential rate. As a result,
incorporating IoT into health care devices enhances the productivity and service quality, creating
value, particularly for patients and elderly with chronic diseases and those who require ongoing
and persistent supervision. Furthermore, IoT in healthcare is used to monitor patients, hence
improving the quality of life for all types of patients. In addition, IoT is utilised in healthcare to
monitor patients, hence increasing the quality of life for all sorts of patients. Technology has
resulted in more integrated web conferencing services in the health industry, as well as a highly
standardized procedure for both health workers and health care workers to obtain medical files
and associated metadata, thereby increasing the effectiveness and quality of health care services
provided. The usage of IoT in the health industry is vital for offering medical practitioners more
important real-time data while lowering the frequency of direct meetings between physicians and
patients (Laya, Markendahl & Lundberg, 2018).

Through till Internet of Things, patients' interactions with doctors were limited to appointments,
conferencing, and text messages. Doctors and hospitals were unable to monitor their patients'
health and make sound decisions. Virtual observation in the healthcare industry is now possible
thanks to Internet of Things technologies. That could help to keep individuals safe and secure. At
the same time, medical practitioners will be able to give better treatment while they are gone.
With the availability of technology tools such as teleconferencing and significant health statistics
to medical practitioners, communication with doctors has grown smoother and more effective,
resulting in increased trust and satisfaction (Prasetyo, Nugraha and Ammar, 2019). The Internet
of Things has changed people's lives, especially the lives of senior individuals, by allowing them
to track and manage their health issues. This has a big impact on single adults and families. An
alarm system notifies relatives and friends, as well as healthcare professionals, when a person's
daily pattern is disturbed. Wearables include fitness bands and other connected directly devices
such as blood pressure and heart rate control cuffs, as well as glucometers. All because of
Internet of Things (IoT) devices, patients receive personalised treatment.

Doctors may use wearables and other IoT-enabled home surveillance technology to keep a better
eye on their patients' health. They'll keep track of whether people stick to their treatment
regimens and whether they require urgent medical treatment. Healthcare professionals may use
the Internet of Things to be more vigilant and compassionate in their patient interactions. The
Internet of Things might be used in a variety of medical devices, including wheelchairs, heart
monitors, nebulizers, oxygen delivery, and other power storage devices. Infection spread is a big
issue among hospital patients. Infection control in patients is aided by IoT-enabled cleanliness
management equipment. IoT devices also make asset management and environmental control
easier, such as tracking medication inventories and detecting refrigerator temperatures and
regulating temperature and relative humidity (Saha,et al., 2017) .
Adoption of IoT in the healthcare industry, on the other hand, faces a number of hurdles. One of
the concerns offered by IoT is data privacy and security. When utilised to send or record real-
time data, IoT devices lack the necessary protocol and standards. Furthermore, the ownership of
data to be utilised in IoT may be somewhat ambiguous. Cyber attackers can use these qualities of
data to gain access to the system and tamper with physicians' and patients' Personal Health
Record. These hackers can also utilise patient data to create phoney IDs that they can use to
purchase medications and associated medical equipment, which they then sell on the black
market. The data is also used by the hacker to create a bogus insurance payout in the reference
number. Integration of different devices in healthcare systems might potentially stymie IoT
implementation (Usak et al., 2020). This is due to the fact that most device makers have not met
or agreed upon communication standards and frameworks. Even if the devices are linked,
discrepancies in communication protocols between devices from various manufacturers will
impede data processing. This might be because deploying IoT in healthcare would result in
medical tourism, which will allow people with severe medical issues to get needed medical
services from underdeveloped countries at reduced costs. An ordinary man, on the other hand,
would continue to face difficulties and high costs in obtaining these services from other
emerging countries. Healthcare IoT is a really interesting and exciting topic.

Methodology
The strategies or procedures used to seek, assess, examine, and analyze material on a certain
topic are referred to as research methodology. According to the Snyder (2019), research paper's
methodology section helps the readers to objectively evaluate the study's overall relevance and
reliability. A qualitative anthropological research may aim to give full, useful information on a
group of networks or devices, social structures, and shared beliefs. Because this method is less
regulated and more interpretive, you'll need to analyse your function as a researcher and how
your participation and opinion may have influenced the outcomes.

Research Philosophy
A research philosophy is a set of viewpoints on the nature of the universe under examination. It
is the most fundamental definition of the nature of knowing. The concepts of a research
philosophy provide justification for how the investigation will be carried out. In terms of
research goals and the best means for reaching these goals, research tactics might differ. These
are not always incompatible, but the methodological approach is determined by the type of
knowledge being researched in the research endeavour. (Dougherty, Slevc and Grand, 2019) As
a result, understanding the methodology may help clarify the assumptions that go into qualitative
research and how they relate to the technique.

Research Approach
A research strategy is a method and plan that covers everything from broad assumptions to
particular data collection, analysis, and interpretation techniques. As a result, the nature of the
research problem determines it. A data analysis or deductive reasoning approach the two most
common research approaches are mixed method research and qualitative research. Both groups
serve different purposes. Statistics are used in quantitative research. They use qualitative
methods to investigate observations of people or circumstances. (Van den Berg and Struwig,
2017)

Research Strategy
A solid research strategy not only guides your research, but it also helps you choose the optimal
method for collecting and analysing data for your study. As a consequence, when finishing your
research, it's vital to use an appreciating strategy. Every study endeavour is unique in its own
way. Each fresh study cannot use the same approach and strategy. Every time a new strategy or
approach is used based on the length of time it takes to finish research, the study's main purpose,
the research environment, or other equivalent factors. The main goal of research is to come up
with a strategy for addressing the study's objectives. You should first identify the type and access
to information required to achieve your research objectives before making that option.

Data Collection
This study's conclusions are based on secondary data sources. Research method is a popular
method of conducting a systematic study in which the researcher only uses data that has already
been acquired. Sorting, combining, and analysing these data samples for meaningful study
results is part of this research approach. As per Heinrich, A. and Klein (2021), secondary
research is sometimes known as desk research since it involves combining data from databases,
participant papers, books, government documents, and institutions. This study may make use of
online publications from library databases such as Google Scholar, Research Gate, and Emerald.
This research will take into account papers that were published after 2016.
Data Analysis

Data analysis is the process of obtaining, modelling, and analysing data in order to identify
insights that improve decision-making. There are numerous methods and approaches for doing
an analysis, depending on the business and the goal of the analysis. All of these techniques to
data analysis rely on quantitative and qualitative research methods. The researcher used
qualitative research to analyse the data for this study.

Ethical Consideration
Any ethical considerations that must be considered when undertaking a research endeavour will
be the responsibility of the researcher. The researcher will make certain that all materials are
properly cited and that no text is copied verbatim from some other publication. It must also be
guaranteed that the researcher or writer of the materials from which the information originally
drawn receives proper credit.

Project Plan
A project plan is a concise document that lays out the foundation for any research endeavour in a
logical and ordered manner. It is the day-to-day or week-to-week planning of the activities to be
completed in a certain order according to the project's timetable. The entrepreneurship
investigation project plan that has been devised and compiled for the purposes of this study is as
follows.

Activities to Perform Time Taken to Complete Each Task (In Week)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Introduction
Literature Review
Research Methodology
Data Analysis
Conclusion
Formatting and Proofreading
Final Submission
RAID Analysis
Risks, Assumptions, Issues, and Dependencies (RAID) Assessment is an abbreviation for Risks,
Assumptions, Difficulties, and Interdependences. Risks, difficulties, dependencies, and
assumptions exist in all initiatives, large and small. Handling these is among the most time-
consuming tasks, but it pays off in the form of reduced delays and cost overruns, effectively
stakeholders, increased project engagement, and improved benefits distribution.

RAID Analysis
Risk Hacking It is more easier to
connect IoT devices to
the same networks as
the end user's other
High devices, such as WiFi or
LAN, but it also makes
the entire network more
susceptible. Anyone
who can get into an IoT
system can have access
to more sensitive data
that is stored on the
network or on other
connected devices.
Another network device
might be used to take
control of the IoT
device in the same way.
Assumptions Limited Bandwidth In terms of connection,
the IoT is more complex
than you may expect.
Some observers are
Medium concerned that as the
IoT business matures,
high-throughput IoT
applications like as
 video streaming would
run out of space on the
IoT's current computing
architecture.
Issue Lack of Encryption One of the most
important issues about
IoT security is the lack
of encryption on regular
transfers. Because many
IoT devices do not
Low encrypt the data they
transmit, if a network is
compromised,
credentials and other
sensitive information
transferred to and from
the equipment can be
accessed.
Dependencies Government regulation Another repeating
element of technological
improvements is that
government intervention
Low frequently lags behind
current technological
levels. With the rapid
growth of IoT that
occurs on a daily basis,
the government is
falling behind, and
companies are
frequently left without
key information they
need to make decisions.
References
Al Hayani, B. and Ilhan, H., 2020. Image transmission over decode and forward based
cooperative wireless multimedia sensor networks for Rayleigh fading channels in medical
internet of things (MIoT) for remote health-care and health communication monitoring. Journal
of Medical Imaging And Health Informatics, 10(1), pp.160-168.
https://doi.org/10.1109/MCE.2017.2755378

Atzori, L., Iera, A., & Morabito, G. (2017). Understanding the Internet of Things: definition,
potentials, and societal role of a fast-evolving paradigm. Ad Hoc Networks, 56, 122–140.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adhoc.2016.12.004

Dougherty, M.R., Slevc, L.R. and Grand, J.A., 2019. Making research evaluation more
transparent: Aligning research philosophy, institutional values, and reporting. Perspectives on
Psychological Science, 14(3), pp.361-375. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691618810693

El-Haddadeh, R., Weerakkody, V., Osmani, M., Thakker, D., & Kapoor, K. K. (2019).
Examining citizens’ perceived value of the internet of things technologies in facilitating public
sector services engagement. Government Information Quarterly, 36(2), 310–320.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2018.09.009

Firouzi, F., Rahmani, A.M., Mankodiya, K., Badaroglu, M., Merrett, G.V., Wong, P. and
Farahani, B., 2018. Internet-of-Things and big data for smarter healthcare: From device to
architecture, applications and analytics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2017.09.016

Heinrich, A. and Klein, E., 2021. Challenges for the management of qualitative and quantitative
data: The example of social policy–related data collections. Global Social Policy, 21(1), pp.138-
143. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468018121996074

Hussein, A.R.H., 2019. Internet of things (IOT): Research challenges and future applications.
International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 10(6), pp.77-82.
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/ef32/bce38bf492c2b8cf067eb14cb8693501d82d.pdf

Jia, M., Komeily, A., Wang, Y., & Srinivasan, R. S. (2019). Adopting Internet of Things for the
development of smart buildings: A review of enabling technologies and applications.
Automation in Construction, 101(July 2018), 111–126.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2019.01.023
Kaur, P., Kumar, R. and Kumar, M., 2019. A healthcare monitoring system using random forest
and internet of things (IoT). Multimedia Tools and Applications, 78(14), pp.19905-19916.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-019-7327-8

Khan, S.F., 2017, March. Health care monitoring system in Internet of Things (IoT) by using
RFID. In 2017 6th International Conference on Industrial Technology and Management (ICITM)
(pp. 198-204). IEEE. DOI: 10.1109/ICITM.2017.7917920

Laya, A., Markendahl, J., & Lundberg, S. (2018). Network-centric business models for health,
social care, and wellbeing solutions in the internet of things. Scandinavian Journal of
Management, 34(2), 103–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scaman.2018.02.004

Li, C., Feng, D., Hua, Y. and Wang, F., 2019. A high-performance and endurable SSD cache for
parity-based RAID. Frontiers of Computer Science, 13(1), pp.16-34.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11704-017-6523-9

Prasetyo, I., Nugraha, A.W. and Ammar, R.S., 2019, November. Health Care Monitoring System
Based-on Internet of Things. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1413, No. 1, p.
012008). IOP Publishing. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1413/1/012008/
pdf

Saha, H.N., Auddy, S., Pal, S., Kumar, S., Pandey, S., Singh, R., Singh, A.K., Sharan, P., Ghosh,
D. and Saha, S., 2017, August. Health monitoring using internet of things (IoT). In 2017 8th
Annual Industrial Automation and Electromechanical Engineering Conference (IEMECON) (pp.
69-73). IEEE. DOI: 10.1109/IEMECON.2017.8079564

Snyder, H., 2019. Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines.
Journal of business research, 104, pp.333-339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039

Usak, M., Kubiatko, M., Shabbir, M.S., Viktorovna Dudnik, O., Jermsittiparsert, K. and
Rajabion, L., 2020. Health care service delivery based on the Internet of things: A systematic and
comprehensive study. International Journal of Communication Systems, 33(2), p.e4179.
https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.4179
Van den Berg, A. and Struwig, M., 2017. Guidelines for researchers using an adapted consensual
qualitative research approach in management research. Electronic Journal of Business Research
Methods, 15(2), pp.pp109-119.
https://academic-publishing.org/index.php/ejbrm/article/view/1361/1324