INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL ENGINEERING LEC

PROBLEM SET #1

NAME: Emilio Joaquin C. Flores DATE: SCORE:

General Instructions: Download this doc file and answer. Answer the following
problems with complete solutions. Solutions must be written clearly and legibly.
Compile this problem set, along with problem sets 2 and 3 in one PDF file, using the
file name “LASTNAME_PROBLEMSETS_ME514LEC”.

Module 1: Introduction to Control Systems (50 pts)

Choose 5 questions only. Your answer must have a minimum of 150 words per
question.
1. Name and describe three reasons for using feedback control systems and at
least one reason for not using them.
There are a lot of reasons why people and engineers should use feedback and
control systems. Mainly, it helps engineers to create and design a system that controls
the different parameters or settings that they desire in a certain mechanism.
Specifically, engineers use control systems for:
a.) Power Amplification:
Through control systems, engineers can manipulate and set different
amounts of power to be shared or used by a certain mechanism. One basic
aspect of power amplification is the amount of power used over the amount of
power required, or an engine’s efficiency, it determines how efficient the
machine is used and control systems help in setting the parameters for the
machine to work its optimum power.
b.) Remote Control
Another is Remote Control. Without control systems, we wouldn’t be able
to have television or computers or even console games. Control systems design
programs for machines to work a certain output given a command or code.
c.) Compensation for disturbances
Through control systems engineers can design compensation for disturbances
without affecting the output of the system. This is most commonly used in devices
that involve fire safety, health hazards and etc.
But some engineers however do not need to use this the subject matter is about:
a.) Complexity
Some engineers however, need not to use control systems if a certain
mechanism does not need of it. Otherwise, the engineer designing the system will
really have a hard time over-complicating a mechanism that is a simple machine.
2. Give five examples of open-loop systems.

1. Electric cloth drier

The clothes drier is an open loop system, because it doesn’t consider the
condition of clothes before it stops working. Then the task of clothes drying is a
user issue. The user can adjust the drying process of the system by setting the
timer controls as per his requirement.
2. Water Faucet
The water faucet is an example of the open loop system. When the valve
opens in the faucet, therefore, water flows through the nozzle and is able to be
used in cleaning, washing or drinking. And if the faucet is turned off, therefore,
the valve will close the gate and blocks the water that passes through.
3. Cellphones
The mobile phone is an example of open loop system. At the time of
incoming or outgoing call loop begins. In this loop the mobile phone is
connected to the satellite directly. This continuous till the user breaks the
connection by ending the call.
4. TV Remote
Tv remotes are also examples of closed loop system. Its main function is to turn
off and turn on the tv and switch the channels. A simple input-output system.
5. Word Processor

The word processor also an open loop control system. When we enter any
information though the keyboard then the other blocks of the control system,
like hardware components will process the user entered information and
displays it on LCD.
3. Give five examples of closed-loop systems

1.) Thermostat of the house

When the temperature of the house falls too low, the thermostat measures it
and turns on a heater. When the temperature of the house is OK, the
thermostat measures it and turns off a heater. When the temperature is too
high, it turns on an AC.
2.) Autopilot mechanism and the airplane it controls
Its objective is to maintain a specified airplane heading despite of
atmospheric change. It performs the task by continuously measuring the actual
airplane heading and aromatically adjusting the airplane control surface so as
to bring the actual airplane heading into correspondence with the specified
heading.
3.) Servo Voltage Stabilizer
Voltage controller operates depending upon output voltage of the system.
4.) Automatic Electric Iron
Heating elements are controlled by output temperature of the iron. Users
use the dial usually found on the handle of the electrical iron to change the
amount of electrical heat it gives off
5.) Water Level Controller 
Input water is controlled by water level of the reservoir.

4. Name and describe the three major design criteria for control systems.

1. Transient Response:
It is the response of the system which gives nature of the system with respect to
time
2. Steady State Response:
A Steady state response resembles the input therefore resembles the system
when it is in the equilibrium state. It is usually what remains after the transients
have decayed to zero.
3. Stability:
A system is said to be stable if the output response is bounded for all the
bounded inputs. I.e. BIBO Stability.
5. Differentiate transient response and steady-state response.
A Transient Response is the response to a system to a change from an
equilibrium state.it is tied to any event that disrupts the balance or equilibrium of
the system.
A Steady state response resembles the input therefore resembles the system
when it is in the equilibrium state. It is usually what remains after the transients
have decayed to zero. However, being a dynamic system, a control system usually
undergoes a transient response before entering a steady state response because
the control system would be adjusting towards the commands and inputs before it
goes through a steady state response.
Module 2: The Laplace Transform (120 pts)
Solve 6 problems for Laplace Transform, and 6 problems for Inverse Laplace
Transform. Complete solutions are required.

LAPLACE TRANSFORM
INVERSE LAPLACE