WELCOME

Gricean
maxims
PRAGMATICS MID-TERM TEST
01 INTRODUCTION

Name: Nadiva Rahma Mira

7th Semester

NIM: 0142S1C018058
PRAGMATICS MID-TERM TEST

Lecturer: Mr. Rudi Haryono, S.S. M.Pd.

Subject: Pragmatics

Email: Nadivarahma614@gmail.com
02 What is Gricean
Maxim?

01 02
The Gricean Maxims are a way to explain the link between The principle describes how effective
utterances and what is understood from them. The Maxims communication in conversation is achieved

PRAGMATICS MID-TERM TEST

are based on his cooperative principle, which states, ‘Make in common social situations and is further
your conversational contribution such as is required, at the broken down into the four Maxims of Quality,
stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or Quantity, Relevance and Manner.
direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged,’
and is so called because listeners and speakers must speak
cooperatively and mutually accept one another to be
understood in a particular way.
03
THE MAXIM OF QUANTITY

In the maxim of quantity, a speaker is expected to be able to provide

DEFINITION sufficient, relatively adequate, and informative information. Such
information must not exceed the actual information the speaker needs.

Make your contribution as informative as is required (for the current

RULES purposes of the exchange).
PRAGMATICS MID-TERM TEST

Do not make your contribution more informative than is required.

(1) John put on his raicoat, picked up his umbrella from the table near the
door, turned off the lights, put out the cat, got ready for his ten-minute walk
to the bus-stop
(2) John went out.
EXAMPLE
UNTUK NOTE: Dalam tuturan yang wajar kalimat (1) dianggap terlalu
panjang. Oleh karena itu untuk mengungkapkan konsep yang sama, tuturan
(2) cenderung lebih digunakan.
 04
THE MAXIM OF
QUALITY

01 02 03

EXAMPLE
DEFINITION RULES
A : How many maxims of cooperation according

PRAGMATICS MID-TERM TEST

In maxim of quality, a speech participant
is expected to be able to
convey something real and in
accordance with the actual facts in
speaking. That fact must be supported
and based on clear evidence.
Do not say what you believe to be
to Grice?
false.
B : According to Grice's book that I read, there
Do not say that for which you lack
are four maxims in the cooperative principle.
adequate evidence.
A: What are the maxims?
B : Maxim of quantity, maxim of quality, maxim
of relevance and maxim of manner
(implementation).
 01
05 DEFINITION

In the maxim of relevance, it is stated that in order for cooperation to occur,

between the speaker and the speech partner, each should be able to make a
relevant contribution about something that is being spoken.

02
RULES

BE RELEVANT.
PRAGMATICS MID-TERM TEST

03
THE MAXIM EXAMPLE

OF A: How are you doing in school?

RELATION
B: Not too well, actually. I'm failing two of my classes.
vs.
B: What fine weather we're having lately!
 THE MAXIM OF
06
MANNER

01 02 03
DEFINITION RULES EXAMPLE

This maxim of implementation Avoid obscurity of expression. (+) “Come on, quickly open!”

PRAGMATICS MID-TERM TEST

requires the participants to speak
verbally direct, clear, and
ambiguous.
Avoid ambiguity. (-) "Just a moment, it's still cold."
Be brief (avoid unnecessary
prolixity).
untuk note: Cuplikan tuturan di atas memiliki kadar kejelasan
yang rendah, karena berkadar kejelasan rendah dengan

Be orderly. sendirinya kadar kekaburanya menjadi sangat tinggi. Tuturan si

penutur (+)“Ayo, cepat dibuka!” sama sekali tidak memberikan
kejelasan tentang apa yang sebenarnya diminta oleh si mitra
tutur. Kata dibuka dalam tuturan di atas mengandung kadar
ketaksaan dan kekaburan yang sangat tinggi. Jadi maknanya
pun menjadi sangat kabur. Dapat dikatakan demikian, karena
kata itu dimungkinkan untuk ditafsirkan bermacam-macam.
Demikian pula tuturan yang disampaikan oleh si mitra tutur (-),
yakni “Sebentar dulu, masih dingin” mengandung kadar
ketaksaan yang tinggi.
 07

NEXT

THE CONCEPT OF
HUMOR / JOKE
Humor is anything that is intentionally made to trigger laughter (Audrieth, 1998:3-4). It's
something that grabs people's attention with funny words and/or body language to evoke

PRAGMATICS MID-TERM TEST

laughter. Humor mostly occurs in everyday conversation (Pan, 2012). Distinguishing
humor contained in modern Javanese literary works into three types, namely humor as a
language code, humor as a literary code, and humor as a cultural code (Wijana, 2004: 25).
UNTUK NOTE: Sebagai kode budaya dan kode bahasa, humor merupakan hasil budaya berfungsi sebagai pengikat tema dan fakta
cerita. Sebagai kode budaya dan kode bahasa, humor merupakan hasil budaya masyarakat pendukungnya sehingga identitasnya
sebagai humor hanya dapat diberi makna sepenuhnya oleh masyarakat itu sendiri. Wijana menambahkan bahwa humor adalah suatu Joke Technique
peristiwa atau kondisi yang mandiri. Artinya, humor itu tidak selalu lucu dan tidak terpaku dalam satu bentuk. Selain itu, humor
tidak memegang hak monopoli yang memaksa setiap orang harus tertawa. Reaksi yang timbul karena humor dapat berupa senyum
Paralanguage
di kulum, senyum terang-terangan bahkan bisa juga menangis. Reaksi-reaksi tersebut merupakan salah satu wujud dari adanya
pengendoran saraf-saraf yang tegang.
Teasing
Teknik Lelucon
Paralanguage adalah jenis humor verbal termasuk bahasa tubuh dan
Satire
intonasi.
Ejekan adalah teknik lelucon yang menggunakan hinaan atau ejekan untuk menciptakan tawa.
Strategy of Power, Solidarity and
Ini menunjukkan ketidaksopanan dan agresivitas yang bertujuan untuk menyerang orang lain dengan menampilkan mereka sebagai
konyol
Satire adalah subkategori ejekan yang digunakan untuk mengolok-olok orang yang
pembicara berpikir lebih unggul. Berger berpendapat bahwa sindiran digunakan untuk mengolok-olok tertentu orang, lembaga, atau
peristiwa.
Strategi Kekuasaan, Solidaritas, dan Kesopanan Schwarz menyatakan bahwa kekuasaan memiliki peran penting untuk menciptakan
permusuhan dan pelepasan
teori. Ilmuwan lain seperti Plato, Aristoteles, dan Hobbes menyatakan bahwa
tawa bisa dipicu oleh superioritas yang terjadi karena kekuasaan. Solidaritas
juga berkontribusi pada strategi humor karena humor membantu melembutkan
keseriusan suatu kondisi sekaligus mengungkapkan rasa solidaritas itu sendiri.
 Why people laugh at
08 certain events or sections
of comedy movies or
stand-up comedy?
With the above facts, it can be said that humor has a central role in human
life, namely as a means of entertainment and education in order to improve
the quality of human life. This seems not much different from the opinion
(Danandjaja via Wijana, 2004: 27) which says that in society, humor, both
erotic and social in nature, serves as solace. This is because humor can
channel inner tensions concerning the inequality of societal norms that are
PRAGMATICS MID-TERM TEST

relaxed through laughter. In conception there is a fundamental difference

between ordinary discourse and humorous discourse. Ordinary discourse is
formed from a bona fide communication process, while humorous discourse
is formed from the opposite communication process, namely a non-bona
fide communication process (Raskin via Wijana, 2004: 139). The process of
creating humorous discourse itself can be through language games. In this
regard, humorous discourses often deviate from the rules of communication
outlined by pragmatic principles, both textual and interpersonal.
 09

Thank you for

PRAGMATICS MID-TERM TEST

your attention.
NADIVA RAHMA MIRA