Parc2022 Boa

1st PHILIPPINE AVIATION
RESEARCH CONFERENCE
(PARC 2022)
BOOK OF ABSTRACTS
Foreword
PARC 2022 is the first national research conference on aviation held in

the country. It is hosted by the Philippine State College of Aeronautics
(PhilSCA) and is organized in partnership with PATTS College of
Aeronautics and Air Link International Aviation College (ALIAC).
With the theme, “Sustainability of Philippine Air Transport amidst the

Global Pandemic,” the two-day event conference features plenary
lectures, themed panel presentations, and paper presentations in fully
online mode.
The conference covers 11 scopes in the field of aviation research:

Aviation Education, Aeronautical Communication, Aviation Tourism,
Aviation Logistics, Aviation Security and Management,
Aeronautical/Aerospace Engineering, Aircraft Maintenance Technology
(AMT), Air Transportation, Avionics, Aviation Information Technology
and System, and Aeronautical Management and Public Administration.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CONTENT PAGE
PARC 2022 ORGANIZING COMMITTEE 1
CONFERENCE PROGRAM 4
PLENARY SESSIONS 8
THEMED PANEL PRESENTATIONS
AVIATION EDUCATION 10
AERONAUTICAL COMMUNICATION 12
PARALLEL SESSIONS
PARALLEL SESSIONS 1
AMT 1 15
AVIATION TOURISM 1 21
AVIATION COMMUNICATION 27
AVIATION EDUCATION 1 33
PARALLEL SESSIONS 2
AVIATION INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND SYSTEM 39
AERONAUTICAL MANAGEMENT AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 52
AERONAUTICAL/AEROSPACE ENGINEERING 1 65
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CONFERENCE SESSIONS PAGE
PARALLEL SESSIONS 3
AMT 2 91
AVIATION TOURISM 2 100
AVIONICS TECHNOLOGY 106
PARALLEL SESSIONS 4
AMT 3 123
AVIATION SECURITY AND MANAGEMENT 1 130
AVIATION LOGISTICS 1 136
PARALLEL SESSIONS 5
AMT 4 152
AVIATION SECURITY AND MANAGEMENT 2 158
AERONAUTICAL/AEROSPACE ENGINEERING 2 163
AIR TRANSPORTATION 170

PARC 2022 Organizing Committee
Chairperson

Dr. Noel Navigar

Director, Research and Development Center (RDC)
Philippine State College of Aeronautics (PhilSCA)

Co-Chairpersons

Mr. Brian Ben Coronel

Research Director, PATTS College of Aeronautics

Dr. Hernando Salapare, III

Research Director, Air Link International Aviation College (ALIAC)

Asst. Prof. Ramsey Ferrer


Secretariat

Dr. Leo Mendel Rosario


Administrative Support

Mr. Clemen Tuala

Air Link International Aviation College (ALIAC)

Amiella Ablola

Capt. Adrian Bueza

1 | 1ST PHILIPPINE AVIATION RESEARCH CONFERENCE 2022

Editorial Team

Editor in Chief

Dr. Leo Mendel D. Rosario


Associate Editors

Mr. Ben Brian C. Coronel

PATTS College of Aeronautics

Dr. Hernando S. Salapare, III


Layout Artist

Joshua S. Sanchez

Technical Support Team

HEAD

Clemen Tuala

Staff

Asuncion Fille

Johny Kennedy Villanueva


Mark Leus Dimaculangan


Ruth Jenneth Cacho


Divine Mae Magangan


Amiella Ablola

Capt. Adrian Bueza


CONFERENCE PROGRAM
DAY 1 - 14 July 2022 (Thursday)
Opening Ceremonies

Emcees
Mr. Matthew Jordan N. So and Ms. Jazztine Jewel C. Manganar

Philippine National Anthem

8:00 Welcoming Remarks

Mr. Brian Ben C. Coronel
Conference Co-Chairperson
Research Director, PATTS College of Aeronautics

Keynote Address
Prof. Marwin M. Dela Cruz, Ph.D.
President, Philippine State College of Aeronautics (PhilSCA)
Keynote Address
Plenary Sessions
Session Chair: Mr. Ramsey Ferrer (PhilSCA)
COVID-19 Pandemic and Air Transportation: A Survey of Recent Research and

9:00 Directions for Future Research
Dr. Anming Zhang (Air Transport Research Society/University of British Columbia)
10:00
Aviation Management Research - a JATM Editor's View
Dr. Volodymyr Bilotkach (Journal of Air Transport Management/Singapore Institute of Technology)
11:00 Conference Announcements and Group photo
12:00 Lunch Break
Themed Panel Presentations 1: Aviation Education

Session Chair: Mr. John Ericson Policarpio (PATTS)
Maintaining standards of communication for aviation in an ever changing world

1:00
Mr. Neil Bullock (International Civil Aviation English Association)
Antenna design considerations for aeronautical applications and new

1:30 challenges caused of COVID-19 pandemic
Dr. Pakornkiat Sawetmethikul (Rajamangala University of Technology Thanbayuri)

2:00 Parallel Sessions 1
AMT 1
Session Chair: Mr. Mark Magango (PATTS)

Aviation Tourism 1
Session Chair: Dr. Marianne Shalimar Del Rosario (PATTS)
Session Vice-Chair: Mr. John Kennedy Villanueva (PhilSCA)

Aviation Communication
Session Chair: Mr. John Michael Sese (PATTS)

Aviation Education 1
Session Chair: Dr. Jay Jack Manzano (SAEP)
3:15 Coffee Break
Aviation Information Technology and System

Session Chair: Dr. Alan Lino Agustin (PhilSCA)

Aeronautical Management and Public Administration

Session Chair: Ms. Shirly Bron (PATTS)

Aeronautical/Aerospace Engineering 1
Session Chair: Engr. Lemuel Banal (SAEP)

Session Chair: Dr. Ethel Reyes Chua (PCC)

DAY 2- 15 July 2022 (Friday)
AMT 2
Session Chair: Engr. Reynaldo Roca (PAL)

Aviation Tourism 2
Session Chair: Ms. Crislyn del Castillo (PATTS)
Session Vice-Chair: Asuncion Fille (PhilSCA)

Avionics Technology
Session Chair: Delfin de Ramos (MDS Aerotest)

Session Chair: Dr. Rodante Flores (PhilSCA)
10:15 Parallel Session 4
AMT 3
Session Chair: Engr. Jabes Isoli (PATTS)

Aviation Security and Management 1

Session Chair: Meredith Remchie Oliveros (PATTS)

Aviation Logistics
Session Chair: Noriel Lastrollo (PhilSCA)

Session Chair: Engr. John Gabriel Decena (FEATI)

12:00 Lunch Break
Themed Panel Presentations 2: Aeronautical Communication

Session Chair: Ms. Ruffa Paycana (PhilSCA)
Cultural Influences on Aviation Safety

1:00
Ms. Jennifer Roberts (Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University-Worldwide)
The Interface between Language and Aviation: A Sociolinguistics Perspective

1:30
Mr. Ramsey Ferrer (PhilSCA)
Pragmatic Features in Radio Communication in Abnormal Situations

2:00 and their Implications
Dr. Malila Prado (BNU-HKBU United International College)

2:30 DOST-PCIEERD Capability Building Programs
3:00 Coffee Break
AMT 4
Session Chair: Dr. Froilan Balucio (PhilSCA)

Aviation Security and Management 2

Session Chair: Dr. Alma Tan (PATTS)

Aeronautical/Aerospace Engineering 2
Session Chair: Engr. Joefreim Delicano (AdDU)

Air Transportation
Session Chair: Engr. Sherwin Trinidad (ALIAC)
Awarding and Closing Ceremonies

Announcement of Best Research Presentations

and Announcement of Proceedings
Dr. Hernando Salapare, III
Conference Co-Chairperson
4:45 Research Director, Air Link International Aviation College (ALIAC)

Closing Remarks
Dr. Noel Navigar
Conference Chairperson
Director, Research and Development Center (RDC)

Plenary Talk 1 July 14, 9:00 - 10:00 AM
COVID-19 Pandemic and Air Transportation: A Survey of Recent Research and

Directions for Future Research

Dr. Anming Zhang

Air Transport Research Society (ATRS)
Sauder School of Business, University of British Columbia (UBC)
The COVID-19 pandemic can be considered an unparalleled disruption to the aviation

industry in the last century. Starting with an at-that-time inconceivable reduction in
the number of flights from March 2020 to May 2020, the aviation industry has been
trying to navigate through and out of the crisis. This process is accompanied with a
significant number of scientific studies, reporting on the direct and indirect impact
of the COVID-19 pandemic on aviation and vice versa. This paper reviews the impact
in context of the recent literature. We have collected more than 100 well-published
papers on the subject in the year 2021 and categorized them into a framework of
eight categories, built around: airlines, airports, passengers, workforce, markets,
contagion, sustainability, and economics. We highlight the essence of findings in the
literature and derive a set of future research directions and policy considerations
which we deem important on the way towards pandemic-resilient aviation.
Dr. Anming Zhang is a Full Professor in Operations and

Logistics and holds Vancouver International Airport
Authority Chair Professor in Air Transportation at
Sauder School of Business, University of British
Columbia (UBC). He served as the Head of the
Operations and Logistics Division, Sauder School of
Business (2003-2005), and as the Director of UBC’s
Centre for Transport Studies (2003-2004). He is the
President of the World Air Transport Research Society
(ATRS) and was, in 2020, the President of
Transportation and Public Utilities Group (TPUG) of
American Economic Association. Dr. Zhang is the
recipient of the “Yokohama Special Prize for
Outstanding Young Researcher” awarded at the 7th
World Conference on Transportation Research (WCTR)
in Sydney, Australia in 1995, and of the “WCTR-Society
Prize”, awarded to the overall best paper of the 8th
WCTR in Antwerp, Belgium, in 1998. Currently, he is also
in the Executive Committee of WCTR. Dr. Zhang has
published about 200 refereed journal papers and 30
book chapters in the areas of transportation, logistics,
industrial organization, and Chinese economy. He has
co-authored two books: Globalization and Strategic
Alliances: The Case of the Airline Industry, 2000,
Pergamon Press, Oxford; and Air Cargo in Mainland
China and Hong Kong, 2004, Ashgate, London (Chinese
editions published both in Hong Kong and Mainland
China). He is the Associate Editor of Transportation
Research Part A and is in the editorial boards of a
number of other journals.

Plenary Talk 2 July 14, 10:00 - 11:00 AM
Aviation Management Research – a JATM Editor’s View

Dr. Volodymyr Bilotkach

Journal of Air Transport Management (JATM)
Air Transport Management Program, Singapore Institute of Technology

Abstract
Over the course of the last several years, Journal of Air Transport Management has
grown considerably – from about 300 submissions per year ten years ago to the
expected 800 this year. Submissions are becoming more diverse both geographically
and in terms of the methodologies used. In my talk, I will go over the general recent
trends in aviation economics, policy, and management research, as seen through the
prism of JATM. I will also discuss how the Journal has responded to the increased
number and diversity of submissions by expanding the Editorial Team. Finally, I will
give you some general tips on increasing the likelihood of your paper being published
at JATM.
Dr. Volodymyr Bilotkach, a native of Ukraine, is

currently an Associate Professor in the Air Transport
Management program with the Singapore Institute of
Technology, an External Instructor with IATA Training,
and a Co Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Air Transport
Management. Later this year, he will join Purdue
University in the USA as an Associate Professor with the
School of Aviation and Transportation Technology. He
obtained his Ph.D. in Economics from the University of
Arizona. Prior to his current position, he has taught at
the University of California, Irvine, and Newcastle
University in the UK. He also held visiting positions with
Korea University, ZEW in Mannheim, Germany, and
Hiroshima University. Dr Bilotkach is the author of the
book “Economics of Airlines”, the second edition of
which was published last year; and around 40 articles
in peer-reviewed journals. He has advised the
Netherlands Competition Authority, the European
Commission, the US Department of Transportation,
Incheon Airport, Croatia Airlines, and Malaysian
Aviation Commission on various aviation policy issues.

Themed Panel Presentation 1: Aviation Education July 14, 1:00 - 1:30 PM
Maintaining standards of communication for aviation in an ever changing
world

Mr. Neil Bullock

International Civil Aviation English Association (ICAEA)
Since the end of 2019, the aviation world has faced challenges like never before. The
COVID pandemic, and subsequent logistical issues now many restrictions gave been
lifted, coupled with environmental concerns and the effects of geopolitics on fuel
prices have impacted the industry enormously. That said the need to maintain a safe
and efficient industry through continued training and certification has never been
more apparent.This talk will look at how the instruction of English in the aviation
world has continued throughout this challenging period and what effect it has had
on educational practices. It will also look at initiatives that continue to evolve in
order to ensure that our focus as educators remains on the task in hand of helping
maintain awareness and standards in communication for the aviation world.
Mr. Neil Bullock is an English teacher specialising in

aviation and professional English and runs training
courses for teachers in these domains to enhance
continued professional development. He is also a test
development specialist and has managed test
development projects for assessment of language
proficiency in the aviation world. He is currently
General Secretary and Vice-President of the
International Civil Aviation English Association.

Themed Panel Presentation 1: Aviation Education July 14, 1:30 - 2:00 PM
Antenna Design Considerations for Aeronautical Applications

and New Challenges caused of COVID-19 Pandemic

Dr. Pakornkiat Sawetmethikul

High-Frequency Innovation and Applications Laboratory
Department of Industrial Education, Faculty of Technical Education,
Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Pathum Thani,
Thailand
E-mail: pkkt@rmutt.ac.th, pkkt.rmutt@gmail.com
The antennas are the important equipment installed inside and outside the aircraft
fuselage, which may have different purposes to be employed, such as WLAN antenna,
GPS antenna, HF antenna, VHF antenna, etc. However, they are designed based-on
different structures and shapes, due to specific characteristics and applications
required. In addition, they are also used to measure and monitor the operations to
achieve the super safety flight as well. Thus, the electronic technician should learn
the theories of antennas to obtain proper services as recommended by the
international or regional aviation standards. Due to specific aeronautical
applications, we may have to learn design considerations of the specific-purpose
antennas which are different from general-purpose antennas having normal
atmosphere. Moreover, new challenges of antenna configuration caused of COVID-19
pandemic are also discussed, such as tracking system, contactless devices with
antenna embedded, etc.
Keywords: antenna design considerations, aviation antennas, antenna for COVID-19
Dr. Pakornkiat Sawetmethikul is the Vice Dean of

Research and Development of Rajamangala University
of Technology Thanyaburi. He finised Bachelor of
Science in Industrial Education (Electrical Engineering)
at King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi
(KMUTT), Thailand and Master of Engineering
(Electrical Engineering), King Mongkut’s University of
Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Thailand. He
obtained Doctor of Engineering (Electrical Engineering)
at Nippon Institute of Technology (NIT), Japan. He has
published 50 local and international publications in the
field of antenna and rf/microwave filter design,
nondestructive inspection, high frequency and
communication circuits design, and electromagnetic
measurements and applications.

Themed Panel Presentation 2: Aeronautical Communication July 15, 1:00 - 1:30 PM
Cultural Influences on Aviation Safety

Ms. Jennifer Roberts

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University – Worldwide
roberj62@erau.edu
Aviation is arguably the most global of all industries, requiring communication and
cooperation between and among a large network of operators across the world.
These pilots, air traffic controllers, cabin crews, and maintenance technicians come
from different national cultures, the interfaces of which can affect aviation safety
(Merritt and Maurino, 2004). Cross-cultural personnel have varying degrees of power
distance, individualism vs. collectivism, and uncertainty avoidance, the three cultural
dimensions identified as most relevant to aviation safety. A universal ideal aviation
culture has low power distance, high collectivism, and high uncertainty avoidance
(Engle, 2000), but to achieve this culture, organizations must tailor their training
based on their national culture’s differences from the ideal aviation culture. In this
presentation, I will review these aspects of aviation culture and discuss how cultural
influences may have been a factor in several high-profile accidents, including
Avianca 052, Korean Air 801, and Helios Airways Flight 522 (Mathews, 2019). I will also
discuss culture as related to pragmatics in aviation communication, including the
use of mitigating and polite language which has been shown to affect flight
communication (Howard, 2008; Linde, 1998; Prado and Tosqui-Lucks 2017).
Keywords: culture, aviation safety, accident investigation, language
Ms. Jennifer Roberts is the Curriculum Chair of the

Department of Aviation English at Embry-Riddle
Aeronautical University – Worldwide. She is also a
Board Member for the International Civil Aviation
English Association (ICAEA) and the Chair of the English
for Specific Purposes - Interest Section (ESP-IS) within
TESOL International. Her research interests are in ESP
pedagogy and curriculum development, language
policy and planning, and corpus linguistics. She is a co-
author of the book English in Global Aviation.

The Interface between Language and Aviation: A Sociolinguistics
Perspective

Mr. Ramsey Ferrer

Philippine State College of Aeronautics
ferrer.ramsey@gmail.com
Aviation is a multicultural niche where speakers of different languages come in

contact. Language is essential in aviation as it primarily plays a crucial role in air
navigation and safety. Research on how language facilitates a smooth conversation
between and among aviation interlocutors to establish effective communication,
which is a precursor to flight safety, has been explored by linguists to a limited
extent. Most studies on language and aviation have focused on describing the
language that is used in aviation, the factors that affect communication (Wu et al.,
2019) among key aviation interlocutors (e.g., pilot, air traffic controller), and the
implications of such studies on the improvement of communication for aviation
safety. However, such studies have loosely investigated the sociolinguistics aspects
of language and aviation, challenging the development of sociolinguistics research in
aviation. In this presentation, I have attempted to discuss the recent issues on
language and aviation by establishing a theoretical and methodological appraisal in
the existing literature that may aid in unraveling the sociolinguistic aspects of
aviation research. Although the literature has been scarce on how linguistic studies
have approached aviation, I argue that the infancy of sociolinguistics research in
aviation deserves attention among linguists and practitioners to provide new
directions for sociolinguistics in this interesting field.
Keywords: Language, aviation, sociolinguistics, theoretical interface
Ramsey Ferrer is the former Dean of the Institute of Liberal Arts and
Sciences and former Director of the Research and Development
Center of Philippine State College of Aeronautics (PhilSCA), where he
also serves as a member of its Board of Trustees. He is affiliated with
the Philippine Higher Education Research Consortium, Inc.Manila,
International Association for World Englishes, International Civil
Aviation English Association, and Linguistic Society of the Philippines.
He earned a Master’s degree in English Language Teaching from De
La Salle University-Manila and is completing his Ph.D. in Applied
Linguistics at the same university. His publications appeared in the
International Journal of Education and Research (Australia), Embry-
Riddle Aeronautical University (USA) Scholarly Commons, Philippine
ESL Journal, Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and
Computation Scopus-indexed Proceedings, DLSU Research
Congress, and PhilSCA Research Journal.
Recently, he was invited to present a corpus-based linguistic, regional case study about the status quo of
aviation communication among Filipino pilots and controllers in the Philippines at the most prestigious
conference of the International Civil Aviation English Association held in Chiba-Tokyo, Japan. Currently, he
is taking up Aviation Law Fundamentals in the International Air Transport Association-Philippines. His
research interests include discourse analysis, aviation English, corpus linguistics, and World Englishes.
Recently, he was invited to present a corpus-based linguistic, regional case study about the status quo of
aviation communication among Filipino pilots and controllers in the Philippines at the most prestigious
conference of the International Civil Aviation English Association held in Chiba-Tokyo, Japan. Currently, he
is taking up Aviation Law Fundamentals in the International Air Transport Association-Philippines. His
research interests include discourse analysis, aviation English, corpus linguistics, and world Englishes.

Pragmatic features in radio communications in abnormal situations and
their implications

Dr. Malila Prado

BNU-HKBU United International College
malilaprado@uic.edu.cn
Drawing upon a corpus of 130 radiotelephony (R/T) communications between pilots

and controllers in abnormal situations (i.e., engine failures, bird strikes, runway
incursions), this paper explores the high presence of pragmatic phenomena
extracted through corpus linguistics tools. It starts from highly frequent words such
as personal and social deixis (I, you, we, sir) and response tokens (okay), to multi-
word clusters such as uh and we, we’d like, if you can, among others. The analysis
shows that the use of personal deixis and response tokens signals a transition (see
Garcia, 2016) between two specific registers, namely Standard Phraseology and Plain
Aviation English (Bieswanger, 2016); the switch to Plain Aviation English also emerges
from multi-word clusters employed in speech acts (Austin, 1962), turn management
(Sacks, Schegloff, & Jefferson, 1974), and mitigation (Caffi, 1999). Some of the
reasons for such a high occurrence rely on the responsibility over the problem that is
shared between pilots and controllers, as well as the need for rapport building in the
co-construction of the communication. This paper concludes by demonstrating
implications of such findings in the aviation English teaching with a focus on
pragmatic and interactional competence.
Keywords: R/T communications; abnormal situations; pragmatics; corpus linguistics
Dr. Malila Prado is an Assistant Professor in the English

Language and Literature Studies program at BNU-HKBU
United International College in Zhuhai, China. She has
worked as an English language teacher for 25 years,
specializing in the field of aviation English since 2008.
She holds a Master´s Degree and PhD from the
Department of Modern Languages of the University of
Sao Paulo (Brazil), examining the language used by
pilots and air traffic controllers in abnormal situations
through corpus linguistics. She has published in the
Modern Language Journal, RILC, RELIN, The Especialist,
as well as in edited books. She is a member of Grupo de
Estudos em Inglês Aeronáutico (GEIA) based in Brazil,
and a board member of the International Civil Aviation
English Association (ICAEA).

AMT 1
SESSION CHAIR: MARK MAGANGO
Time Title Authors
Perception of Aircraft Mechanics of Lufthansa

Rob Russel Orden
Technik Philippines towards the Impact of Artificial
2:00 Yuzo Saito
Intelligence Technology on the Aviation Maintenance
Kirby Bronzal
Development Procedure
Food Wastes to Energy: A Conditional Scientific Vyneza Garcia

Investigation on the Potential of Bioethanol Louise Matias
2:15
produced from Pineapple Peel Wastes as a Patricia Pili
Biocomponent for Aviation Gasoline Regie Palivino
An Assessment of the Adherence of Lufthansa

Jeankie Ramos
2:30 Technik Philippines Line Maintenance Personnel to
Ryan Reyes
Aircraft Towing Safety Standards
Development of an Arduino-based Gyroscope Guide

Cedrick Berones
2:45 Tool Mounted on a Motorized Power Drill for Aircraft
Ryan Reyes
Maintenance Personnel
Joel Binasahan
A Proposed Integrated Aircraft Health Monitoring
3:00 Noel Navigar
System for Local Aviation Industry
Leo Mendel D. Rosario
3:15 Coffee Break

1ST PHILIPPINE AVIATION RESEARCH CONFERENCE (PARC 2022)
JULY 14-15, 2022
Perception of Aircraft Mechanics of Lufthansa Technik Philippines

towards the Impact of Artificial Intelligence Technology on the
Aviation Maintenance Development Procedure
Rob Russel Orden, Yuzo Saito, Kirby Bronzal

*russelorden@gmail.com
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Job Employment, Aircraft Mechanics
Artificial Intelligence will have a huge impact in the aviation industry’s technological
innovation specifically in maintenance work, but it still needs precise and accurate
development over the years. The aviation industry is one of the biggest industries
that will continuously advance in the use of artificial intelligence, which is already set
to change the aviation industry. The main purpose of this study is to determine the
perception of Aircraft Mechanics in Lufthansa Technik Philippines towards the
impact of Artificial Intelligence Technology on the Aviation maintenance
development procedure, to know how relevant it is to the industry. It also aims to
assess their data if the job employment of aircraft mechanics will be affected with
the development of Artificial Intelligence Technology, including the upside and
downside of this technology. This qualitative study will benefit the future
researchers, Aircraft Mechanics, Lufthansa Technik Philippines, and Airlines. The
researchers chose a purposive sampling technique to gather data in a way that it is
conducted Descriptive type of research, which is the most applicable way to obtain
the objective of this study. The researchers conducted this study using interview
questionnaires that are strictly confidential. The study gathered 15 respondents and
based on the gathered answers, Artificial Intelligence Technology will not replace
Aircraft Mechanics in the future but will be an essential tool that will help them to be
more efficient and lessen the errors. It is just a programmed machine that can be
considered an equipment to help the mechanics in their workload but does not have
the ability to think critically. The result in the gathered data, the Aircraft Mechanics
will be affected in a positive way wherein it will lead to the decrease of workload,
efficient maintenance work, prevent machine failures, light operation and makes
their work easier but it will not decrease the employment rate with the development
of this technology. Therefore, the researchers have answered the things they need
to know and accomplish the task. This research study will benefit everyone,
specifically the future researchers who will conduct a significant study which is a
qualitative research method in the future.

JULY 14-15, 2022
Food Wastes to Energy: A Conditional Scientific Investigation on

the Potential of Bioethanol produced from Pineapple Peel
Wastes as a Biocomponent for Aviation Gasoline
Vyneza Garcia, Louise Matias, Patricia Pili, Regie Palivino*

*Corresponding author: regiempalivino@gmail.com
Keywords: Bioethanol, Pineapple (Ananas comosus) peels,
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Due to the global energy problem and limited availability of fossil fuels, renewable
energy is gaining traction. Nowadays, researchers are focusing in producing
bioethanol from crops and agricultural wastes, and the researchers aimed to utilize
pineapple peel waste biomass in this study for effective bioethanol production as it
provides a fermentable feedstock that can easily be converted into alcohol. A total
of 3 liters of extract was generated from 9 kilograms of pineapple peels. A
fermenting isolate of broth culture, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was employed in the
fermentation media. Sugar and alcohol content of the embryonic sample was
monitored during and after the fermentation, respectively.
The Heidolph Hei-Chill 250 rotary evaporator (RotaVap) was used to distill and purify
the dilute bioethanol broth, which was then used to oxygenate the Avgas 100LL.
Results of the ethanol-admixtured gasoline were derived from limited parameters:
sulfur content was analyzed using a Monochromatic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray
Fluorescence (MWDXRF), vapor pressure at 37.8 °C was analyzed using a triple
expansion tester called Eravap, and the density at 15 °C was investigated using a
densitometer. The mixture yielded a result of 3.3 ppm, 40.0 kPa, and 0.7181 kg/L,
respectively. It was found that the optimized process parameters of the admixture
met the standards for PNS/DOE ASTM and was established that pineapple peel
bioethanol is compatible for Avgas blending concerning the above parameters. The
results obtained in this study can further be reinforced through elaborate
characterization and optimization of the immobilized confoundants to compare
different bioethanol and Avgas criteria.

JULY 14-15, 2022
An assessment of the adherence of Lufthansa Technik
Philippines line maintenance personnel to aircraft towing
safety standards
Jeankie Ramos 1,2, Ryan Reyes* 3,4
1
Philippine State College of Aeronautics, Pasay City, Philippines;
2
Lufthansa Technik Philippines, Pasay City, Philippines;
3
Technological University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines;
4
*ryan_reyes@tup.edu.ph
Keywords: aircraft towing, hfrg, safety management, aircraft
maintenance
This study deals with the assessment of the underlying causes of Lufthansa Technik
Philippines line maintenance worker errors in the performance of aircraft towing task
and identify potential solutions for reducing them using Human Factor Research
Group (HFRG) model assessment approach. This study focused on addressing
deliberate violations of aircraft towing personnel on safety rules and procedures. A
quantitative and qualitative research design was employed where a structured
survey questionnaire with 30 participants was used to determine the level of
agreement of aircraft tow workers to commit violations on rules and procedures and
allow safety managers choose solution avenue/s for each potential violation. Key
Informant Interview (KII) with safety experts and Focused Group Discussion among
tow workers using unstructured interview questions was also conducted by the
researcher to ensure a more substantial and conclusive results. The results of this
study indicated that the attitude towards safety among aircraft tow workers have
notable disparities however, statistical test results showed no significant difference
in the level of agreement of workers to commit violations based on demographics.
HFRG scoring system and interview results also revealed that there is an immediate
need to address the design and application of procedures as these two (2) identified
solution to potential worker violation ranked the highest after the assessment
thereby should be prioritized by LTP in developing precise mitigation actions to
address probable safety procedure violations. The research findings also showed
that the assessment model used in this study can provide a more proactive approach
in identifying areas with the highest potential for violation and precise mitigating
solution.

JULY 14-15, 2022
Development of an Arduino-based gyroscope guide tool
mounted on a motorized power drill for aircraft maintenance
personnel
1,2
Cedrick Berones , Ryan Reyes* 3,4
1
2
Lufthansa Technik Philippines, Pasay City, Philippines;
3
4
*ryan_reyes@tup.edu.ph
Keywords: Arduino, Aircraft Structures, drill guide, hole
The study focused on developing an arduino-based guide tool mounted on a power

drill, followed by an experiment to test the Prototype's efficiency with the assistance
of forty (40) Lufthansa Technik Philippines line maintenance personnel. The majority
of the participants are Cabin Mechanic C, who has been with the Company for 1-3
years and has the same years of experience handling a power drill. The participants
who participated in the experiment were asked to fill out survey questionnaires with
their demographic information. The forms were then collected to proceed with the
surface hole drilling, and the same forms were returned to the participants to answer
the post-test evaluation of the Prototype using the adopted questions from ISO
25010:2021 (Product Evaluation Tool). With the assistance of an expert, the holes
were evaluated and scored as "passed" or "failed." Minitab as the statistical software
and ANOVA as one of the statistical tools were used to treat the data. The categorical
variables were operator expertise and drill type, and the response variable was drill
hole score. The p-value indicated that both categories had a significant impact in
response to the drill hole score. The r-squared in the summary model also reveals
that the categorical variables fit the analysis of variance 52.52 percent of the time.
Based on the data presented in the analysis of variance and a simple graph plotted in
Microsoft excel, the total scores of both intermediate and expert drill operators vs.
standard and guided drill reveals that the adult (expert-level) drill operators are
struggling to adapt to the guide tool's technological evolution. The implications of
these findings are minimal because we live in a progressive era where adapting to
technology is an unavoidable experience. The study's main application in the context
of aeronautical management is that it will significantly help the maintenance
industry in producing a quality hole with minimal time and supervision, resulting in a
significant reduction in man-hours spent on drilling tasks, which can be used on
other important tasks to meet the demands of the Company's workload. It is also
suggested that the guide tool will be improved further by incubating the study and
expecting the next Researcher or enthusiast to develop the tool on the next stage.

JULY 14-15, 2022
A proposed integrated aircraft health monitoring

System for local aviation industry
Joel B. Binasahan, Noel R. Navigar, Leo Mendel D. Rosario
Institute of Graduate Studies (IGS), Philippine State College of Aeronautics (PhilSCA),

Villamor, Pasay City, Philippines
Keywords: Aircraft Health Monitoring, Airworthy Condition, Safety and
Quality
Commercial airplanes are the most valuable assets of an airline in terms of revenue.
They make significant efforts to keep airplanes in airworthy condition to deliver high-
quality services to customers. Today, commercial aviation is a fundamental driver of
globalization. The future is digital, particularly in commercial aviation maintenance,
repair, and overhaul. Airlines must increase fleet availability while minimizing flight
delays and cancellations to save costs.
This research detailed the use of the most advanced platform to detect any flaws in
the aircraft system while it is in operation. The health monitoring system
technologies in aviation determine the root cause of a system breakdown on an
aircraft. The airline operator must utilize this technology to check the aircraft's
system status during flight route, take-off, and landing. Monitoring aircraft system
failures by Philippine airline operators shows that they employ a variety of
applications. It has also been noticed that most Philippine airline firms have aircraft
troubleshooting programs. This study employed a quantitative research approach
with a survey questionnaire to collect data from 37 workers and a qualitative key
informant interview with 6 Lufthansa Tecnknik Philippines personnel as participants.
The data was also analyzed using a 4-point Likert Scale to determine the level of
effectiveness of the airline operators' current aircraft system failure detection and
the level of agreement of the participants to the most common challenges and
barriers encountered to the current platform used by the airline operators in their
commercial airplane.
This study showed a substantial association between the frequency of actions on
monitoring the responsibilities in aviation system failure detection and the
participants' level of agreement on the most prevalent obstacles and hurdles faced
in the present platform application. Data revealed that there is a considerable
difference in the degree of efficacy of the "Aviatar" technology when compared to
Boeing's "Airplane Health Management" (AHM) and Airbus's "Airman" as detection for
aircraft health system failure. The study further showed that airline operators were
employing "Aviatar" technology to undertake specific training to offer the essential
knowledge on the complete utilization of the system application and for future
studies to thoroughly analyze comparable themes, with this study serving as a future
reference. This study would help airline operators in the Philippines x aircraft system
failures as quickly as possible. Future studies will enhance the aircraft detection
methodology of local aircraft operators.
Luis Basora;Paloma Bry;Xavier Olive;Floris Freeman; (2021). Aircraft Fleet Health Monitoring with Anomaly
Detection Techniques. Aerospace, (), –. doi:10.3390/aerospace8040103

AVIATION TOURISM 1
SESSION CHAIR: DR. MARIANNE SHALIMAR DEL ROSARIO
VICE-CHAIR: JOHN KENNEDY VILLANUEVA
No.
Title Authors
Time
John Ericson A. Policarpio

Shirley V. Bron
A Systematic Review of Global Aviation Management:
2:00 Alex Del Castillo
Inputs for Future Academic Research Trajectory
Maria Criselda I. Desolo
Alvin M. Moralde
Correlates of Human Resource Policies and Czhielsy Jhoi L. Cariño

2:15 Organizational Resiliency of Selected Airport Service Prof. Shirley V. Bron
Providers: Inputs for an Enhancement Program John Ericson A. Policarpio
Kristine Mae E. Perez

Angell D. Aragon
Lived Experience of Laid-Off Airline Employees:
Margareth Claire Gutierrez
2:30 A Phenomenological Analysis on Post-Pandemic
Phebe Joy S. Pamposa
Reskilling on Re-Employment Opportunities
Prof. Shirley V. Bron
John Ericson A. Policarpio
The Outcomes of the Conditional Cash Transfers-

Viktor Eriko Sotto
2:45 4ps Program within the Vicinity of the Airport:
Rico T. Umagap
Towards an Enhanced Model
Dixie Mae Matutino

Leila Dee Lipalam
Airline Customers’ Propensity to Purchase Behavior in
3:00 Darnella Jan Madera

the New Normal
Ihsavelha Marie Sacate
Thea Mary Zapanta
3:15 Coffee Break

JULY 14-15, 2022
A Systematic Review Of Global Aviation Management: Inputs For
Future Academic Research Trajectory
John Ericson A. Policarpio*, Shirley V. Bron, Alex Del Castillo, Maria Criselda I.
Desolo, Alvin M. Moralde
Tourism & Hospitality Management Department, PATTS College of Aeronautics,
Paranaque City, Philippines

*john.policarpio@patts.edu.ph

Keywords: Aviation Management, Systematic Review, PRISMA 2020
The international aviation industry has been at the forefront of the tourism
development of the country of origin, the country of destination, and its transit
points through its comprehensive and holistic economic contribution. A number of
studies have already been published in the main area of Aviation Management since
its onset following the emergence of the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978. Different
subtopics have been integrated into the development of Aviation Management as a
research discipline however, the researchers have identified an opportunity to
conduct a systematic review on the context of global aviation management to this
day, there are no comprehensive and systematic reviews conducted in the said
discipline. In particular, this research attempts to provide the readers with a
systematic conceptual review of global aviation management and answer the
following problems which include the specific topics of global aviation management
researched for the past ten years (2012-2022), its origin, geographic distribution,
journal distribution, research context employed, theoretical bases, and key findings.
The study employs the Preferred Reporting Items in Systematic Review and Meta-
Analysis (PRISMA) 2020 model as its guide for systematic review protocol foundation,
selection, screening, and evaluation. Together with Scientific Procedures and
Rationales for Systematic Literature Review (SPAR-4-SLR) as its guiding reference
conceptual review, the paper identifies relevant subtopics on aviation safety,
aviation crew management, risk management, and aviation impact studies as
prevailing areas of research. The implication of this research provides a research
agenda for aviation academic institutions toward future research trajectories in
Aviation Management.

JULY 14-15, 2022
Correlates Of Human Resource Policies And Organizational
Resiliency Of Selected Airport Service Providers: Inputs For An
Enhancement Program
Czhielsy Jhoi L. Cariño*, Shirley V. Bron, John Ericson A. Policarpio
Tourism & Hospitality Management Department, PATTS College of Aeronautics,
Parañaque City, Philippines

*czhielsyjhoi.carino@patts.edu.ph
Keywords: Human Resources Policies, Thematic Analysis, Explanatory
Research Design
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought an enormous challenge to the aviation industry
of our country. Furthermore, its effects have been felt by all sectors, entities, and
stakeholders, particularly the third-party airport service providers. This research
aims to understand the mutual relationship of human resource policies being
implemented by the airport service providers to its organizational resiliency. The
researcher utilized an explanatory research design, with five (5) co-researchers as
its participants. To retrieve the data needed by the researcher at the chosen airport
service provider from the human resources department, the instrument that the
researcher used is an interview questionnaire form, furthermore the researcher
employed thematic analysis to easily identify and analyzed the different emerging
themes on the narrative of human resource policies and its relationship towards
organizational resiliency. Based on the findings, the airport service providers
included a new policy and duties for the employee of the aviation industry that
resounds a change in the organization’s resiliency measures. Hence, the implication
of this research is to provide a short enhancement program for the human resources
department with regard to the responsiveness of the current situation of the
aviation industry.

JULY 14-15, 2022
Lived Experience Of Laid-Off Airline Employees:

A Phenomenological Analysis On Post-Pandemic Reskilling On
Re-Employment Opportunities
Kristine Mae E. Perez*, Angell D. Aragon, Margareth Claire Gutierrez, Phebe
Joy S. Pamposa, Prof. Shirley V. Bron, John Ericson A. Policarpio
Tourism and Hospitality Department, PATTS College of Aeronautics, Paranaque City,
Philippines
*kristinemae.perez@patts.edu.ph
Keywords: Re-skilling, Re-employment, Phenomenological, Thematic
Analysis
In the beginning of 2020, the aviation sector had plummeted as a result of travel
restrictions brought by the pandemic; airline employees suffered mass lay-offs in
the most difficult time. This study explores lived experiences of laid-off airline
employees and personal experiences they encountered such as financial concerns,
mental challenges, and job seeking. The existence of numerous airline employees
laid-off in NCR and their transition to new careers has not been well documented
although there are studies with minimal relation to the topic but the lived
experiences of the latter has not been brought to light. This study will shed light on
matters that affected them and understand what the employers and the government
can do to take action, to better prepare for such a significant lay-off in any industry.
The study employs qualitative research where the researchers make use of guide
questions and an online semi-structured interview. A phenomenological approach
was used in this study to further understand the co-researcher’s lived experiences,
thematic analysis was conducted in order to come up with themes that align with the
answers of our co-researchers. The researchers found that laid-off airline employees
are equipped with skills to join multiple lines of work because of their prior
experience in aviation. In addition to that, all informants are willing to go back to
their aviation jobs because of passion and admiration for their job. This study implies
a set of personal recommendations for our co-researchers and that of the general
readers who may have experienced the reality of airline employees during this
pandemic.

JULY 14-15, 2022
The Outcomes Of The Conditional Cash Transfers- 4ps Program
Within The Vicinity Of The Airport:

Towards An Enhanced Model
Viktor Eriko M. Sotto* 1 , Rico T. Umagap2
1
Philippine State College of Aeronautics, Pasay City, Philippines
2
Graduate School, Pamantansan ng Lungsod ng Maynila (PLM), Philippines
*Email: officeofwsotto.dabarkads@gmail.com
The Pantawid Pamilaya (4Ps) is a conditional cash transfer program of the Philippine
government to reduce poverty and as a social protection strategy to address the
immediate consumption needs of the poorest of the poor and impose
conditionalities to improve human capital to break the intergenerational cycle of
poverty. This study aimed to see the result of the Conditional Cash Transfers-4Ps
program in the City of Paranaque, Philippines, and see how well the program was
implemented to design a better model. The number of 4Ps recipients was chosen via
stratified proportionate sampling, with 292 (4Ps) beneficiaries in Parañaque.
Overall, there is a significant disparity in the effectiveness of the 4Ps program
implementation evaluations. The survey showed no significant variations in
participants' judgments of the program's success in execution when they were
categorized by age, sex, civil status, or educational achievement. There is no
substantial variation in the recipients' and implementers' assessments of the 4ps
implementation. The beneficiaries and implementers of the 4Ps program are
essentially identical in terms of the overall implementation. However, all participants
rated all indicators as having a high execution level.
[1] Acosta, Pablo, et al. 2017. Pantawid Pamilya 2017 Assessment: An Update of the Philippine
Conditional Cash Transfer’s Implementation Performance. The World Bank. Philippines.
[2] Department of Social Welfare and Development. 2016. Social Welfare and Development
Indicators: Baseline Assessment Results
[3] Lagarde, M., Haines, A., Palmer, N. 2009. The impact of conditional cash transfers on health
outcomes and use of health services. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.
[4] Philippine Statistics Authority. 2016. "2015 Full Year Official Poverty Statistics of the
Philippines". Publication.
[5] Senate Economic Planning Office (SEPO). 2011. Improving Inclusiveness of Growth through
Conditional Cash Transfers.
[6] Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines.
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/programs/conditional-cash-transfer/

JULY 14-15, 2022
Airline Customers’ Propensity to Purchase Behavior

in the New Normal
Dixie Mae Matutino*, Leila Dee Lipalam, Darnella Jan Madera, Ihsavelha Marie
Sacate, Thea Mary Zapanta
PhilSCA, Pasay, Philippines

*E-mail: perezdixiemae@gmail.com
Keywords: Airlines, COVID-19, promo
Airlines are one of the industries that are considerably affected due to the pandemic.
International Energy Agency (2020) shared that Coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19) is a
global concern that has disrupted all commercial activity in various industries.
Because of this, the consumer’s behavior had a significant shift, it is the reason why
there’s a need to know the level of airline customers' propensity to purchase
behavior in the new normal. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of
airline customers' propensity to purchase behavior in the new normal. The study
used a quantitative method that utilized a 5-point Likert scale with a total of 374
respondents. The results indicated that majority of the passengers are still willing to
purchase an airline ticket to travel with precautions and health protocols. However, it
was found that there is still a significant difference when it comes to airline health
protocols in terms of sex, seat sales and promos in terms of income level, and
destination, promos and incentives in terms of location. On this study, a great
number of respondents recommended that ensuring passengers of safe travels by
efficiently performing health and safety protocols on airline, offering seat sales and
ticket discounts and utilizing promotional tools as marketing strategies that help
guide airlines in forming a plan that can possibly assure and convince people to fly
again with confidence.

AVIATION COMMUNICATION
SESSION CHAIR: JOHN MICHAEL SESE
No.
Title Authors
Time
Ramsey Ferrer
Grace Cerdan
Soft Voice Quality Functions in Aeronautical
2:00 Myla Magayanes
Communication of Filipino Cabin Crews
John Kennedy Villanueva
Alain Razalan
Glaiza Mae Edjec

A Correlational Study on Tolerance for Ambiguity and Glenda Mae Cabrera
2:15 Performance of Comprehensive Air Traffic Service John Anthony Nazar
Course Batch 14 Sean Andrei Sumagui
Ivanne Gayle Tappa
AIR: Airline In-Flight Relay Message for Low Cost
2:30 Lersan Del Mundo

Carriers
Constante Guerrero
A Correlation Study on Selected Air Traffic Controller
Fernando Jose Mediodia

Performance Between Different Watch Schedule in
2:45 Lyka Joyce Meniano

Aerodrome Control at Ninoy Aquino International
Marjorie Yazar
Airport
Manuel Limbo
Ruffa Paycana
NJ Esrella
Exploring the Challenges Encountered by Select
Mary Jane Robles

3:00 Flight Operations Officer in General Aviation Towards
Bethel Mae Suan
Handling VIP and Medical Evacuation Flights
Gian Zerwell Suan
Anika Mae Zamora
3:15 Coffee Break

JULY 14-15, 2022
Soft Voice Quality Functions in Aeronautical Communication

of Filipino Cabin Crews
1 2 3
Ramsey Ferrer , Grace Cerdan , Myla Magayanes
4
John Kennedy Villanueva , Alain Razalan5*
1
2
University of Perpetual Help Dalta, Las Pinas City, Philippines;
3
University of Perpetual Help Dalta, Las Pinas City, Philippines
5
6
DepEd-Rizal,Angono National High School, Angono, Rizal, Philippines
*E-mail: alain_razalan@dlsu.edu.ph
Keywords: Soft voice quality, aviation English, cabin crew
Aviation English is one of the unchartered studies of linguistics particularly in

sociolinguistics. Current studies on aviation English view language as a necessity
both for work entry and professional application. This study contributes to the
discourse of language particularly in soft voice quality functions in aeronautical
communication of Filipino cabin crews. Using metapragmatic approach participants’
articulations of soft voice interweave to their identities and indexicalities of their
profession. Backed by their training and work experience, soft voice become a
legitimate brand necessitated by the airline industry. The findings of the study
illustrate how soft voice functions help us understand the negotiation of identity and
language.
28| 1ST PHILIPPINE AVIATION RESEARCH CONFERENCE 2022

JULY 14-15, 2022
A Correlational Study on Tolerance for Ambiguity and
Performance of Comprehensive Air Traffic Service Course
Batch 14
1
Glaiza Mae Edjec, Glenda Mae Cabrera* 2, John Anthony Nazar 3, Sean Andrei
4 5
Sumagui , Ivanne Gayle Tappa
1
cabreragm12@gmail.com

Keywords: Tolerance for Ambiguity, Performance, Comprehensive Air
Traffic Service
This study is focused on determining whether there is a significant relationship

between the Tolerance for Ambiguity and Performance of Comprehensive Air Traffic
Service Course Batch 14 in terms of laboratory/simulation setting. To gather the data
needed for this study, we disseminated an online questionnaire, containing the MAT-
50 and Performance Evaluation form, wherein a total of 32 respondents participated.
Results showed that their level of Tolerance for Ambiguity in terms of the classroom
setting is a bit higher than in the laboratory/simulation setting, establishing a less
ambiguous situation in the classroom than the latter. In terms of performance, the
trainees performed well in the laboratory/simulation than in the classroom. Results
also showed that there is a very weak relationship between Tolerance for Ambiguity
and Performance with a value of .056. Therefore, the knowledge and skills applied in
the laboratory/simulation do not affect their level of tolerance for ambiguity with
performance during training.
Fig. 1. Conceptual Framework of the Study
[1] Luckette, A. (2014). The Effect of Tolerance for Ambiguity on Student Air Traffic Controller
Performance. Scholarly Commons. Retrieved May 24, 2022, from
https://commons.erau.edu/mcnair/vol1/iss1/1/

JULY 14-15, 2022
AIR: Airline In-Flight Relay Message for Low Cost Carriers
Lersan Del Mundi
WCC Aeronautical and Technological College, Caloocan City, Philippines

E-mail: delmundolersan@worldciti.edu.ph
Keywords: Tolerance for Ambiguity, Performance, Comprehensive Air
Traffic Service
While technologies proposed for Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) based networks still use
repeater towers on the ground to provide Internet and Direct-Air-to-Ground
communication (DA2GC) heavily rely on cellular technology that requires satellite
connectivity, those that use aeronautical Delay-and-Disruption Tolerant Network
(DTN) technology have demonstrated to provide an airline in-flight relay messaging
as a cheaper alternative to communication systems and/or backup systems when
communication fails. We compare and evaluate DTN routing strategies for passenger
only through the contacts between airplanes. Our experiments using ONE simulator
show that messages can be carried over at a high delivery ratio.

JULY 14-15, 2022
A Correlation Study on Selected Air Traffic Controller
Performance Between Different Watch Schedule in Aerodrome
Control at Ninoy Aquino International Airport
Constante Guerrero*, Fernando Jose Mediodia, Lyka Joyce Meniano,

Marjorie Yazar, Manuel Limbo
1
Aviation Communication Program, Philippine State College of Aeronautics, Pasay
City, Philippines
*constatanteguerrero91@gmail.com

Keywords: Watch Schedule, Air Traffic Controller Performance,
Aerodrome Control
This study is focused on determining whether there is a significant relationship

between the air traffic controllers' demographic profile and the watch schedule; the
watch schedule to the level of performance of air traffic controllers; and the
demographic of air traffic controllers to their level of performance from the
aerodrome control tower at Ninoy Aquino International Airport. To gather the data
needed for the study, we disseminated a set of questionnaires wherein a total of 24
respondents participated.
The results revealed that their gender and current position have a significant
difference in their level of performance during dayshift and evening shift. Based on
our findings, air traffic controllers perform well on the midnight shift rather than the
dayshift. Results show that there is a very weak relationship between their level of
performance on the dayshift due to the high volume of air traffic during the dayshift.
Therefore, the demographic profile and watch schedule of air traffic controllers have
an effect on their level of performance

JULY 14-15, 2022
Exploring the Challenges Encountered by Select Flight
Operations Officer in General Aviation Towards Handling VIP
and Medical Evacuation Flights
Ruffa Paycana*, Nj Estrella, Mary Jane Robles, Bethel Mae Suan, Gian Zerwell
Suan, Anika Mae Zamora

*E-mail: ruffa.paycana@gmail.com
Keywords: VIP flights, Medical Evacuation flights, General Aviation, Flight
Operations Officer
The present study aims to determine the different challenges encountered by

selected flight operations officers of general aviation around the vicinity of Ninoy
Aquino International Airport towards handling VIP and Medical Evacuation Flights in
terms of preparation for flight permits, baggage handling, flight delays and
cancellations and aircraft mechanical failure together with the similarities and
differences in regards to the challenges they encountered and all of the flight
permits, documents and additional requirements needed to process, prepare and
ensure before the commencement of these flights. This study employed qualitative
research and uses interview questions as a technique in gathering data among the
selected 7 participants. The result of the study indicates the different challenges
experienced by selected flight operations officer towards handling VIP and Medical
Evacuation Flights, For VIP flights, immediate flight of VIP clients, revising or
updating flight permits caused by sudden demands of client, dealing with
unexpected bookings, dealing with clients who has excessive and carries dangerous
goods on their baggage, demands of clients causing the change of date and time of
departure, bad weather conditions, sudden aircraft mechanical error before flight
are the existing challenges meanwhile, for medical evacuation flights are rare
scenario of revising overflight permit due to change of route, handling clients with
medical equipment exceeding the maximum allowable weight, handling clients with
medical equipment classed as dangerous goods, sudden change in patient’s
condition causing the flight to delay or cancel, bad weather conditions, aircraft
suddenly malfunctioned before flights are the challenges. Findings of the study led
to a conclusion that there are existing challenges encountered by selected flight
operations officers around the vicinity of Ninoy Aquino International Airport towards
handling VIP and Medical Evacuation flights.
[1] N/A (2021). Republic of the Philippines Civil Aviation Regulations Part 5: Airworthiness retrieved from:
https://caap.gov.ph/wpcontent/uploads/2021/08/PART-5-Airworthiness.pd
[2] Goodman C. and Small Griswold J. (2019). Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology:
Meteorological Impacts on Aviation Delays and Cancellations in the Continental United States retrieved
from: https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/apme/58/3/jamc-d-17- 0277.1.xml

SESSION CHAIR: DR. JAY JACK MANZANO
No.
Title Authors
Time
Tracer study of BS Industrial Engineering graduates

Ma. Corazon Rubido
2:00
of an aeronautical school in Paranaque City Meredith Remchie Oliveros
Haryce Dayle Coo

Nicolette Kaye Razon
Benefits of implementing a student information
Paulo Aniero
2:15
portal to the Philippine State College of Aeronautics Arianne Gallego
John Lloyd Mangulabnan
Troijan Salandanan
Reinhardwin Asirit
Christian Joseph Dionaldo
The OJT Readiness Scale: Developing a Measure to
Audie Khim Zoe Soliven
2:30
Assess OJT Readiness in Avionics Students Syphrus Natividad
Lynard Bobby Asirit
Elisa Grampil
Analysis of the Aviation Training Practices in the
2:45 Joshua De Leon

Philippines
Aireene Jezreel Auxillo

E-Learning Platform for Laboratory Projects of Kristine Mae Galoyo
Avionics Students of Philippine State College of Marc Christian Lupo
3:00
Aeronautics: Assessment and Evaluation Robelen Miranda

Realyn Ysulan
Aidyn Lagare
3:15 Coffee Break

JULY 14-15, 2022
Tracer Study of BS Industrial Engineering Graduates of an

Aeronautical School in Paranaque City
Ma. Corazon Rubido*, Meredith Remchie Oliveros
PATTS College of Aeronautics, Philippines

*E-mail: meredith.oliveros@gmail.com
Keywords: Tracer study, Industrial Engineering, employability
It is important to keep track of an institutions’ graduates for several reasons. Some

of which may be to know their current employment status, what can be developed in
the policies, curriculum, and syllabus of the school to produce graduates who match
the needs of the labor market, and to be updated with the changes in the field since
the COVID-19 pandemic hit the whole world. This study provides data regarding the
graduates of the BS Industrial Engineering Program of an aeronautical school in
Paranaque City. The respondents were from the batches from 2011-2020. This study
focused on the following: the reasons why the respondents chose the BS Industrial
Engineering course in the aeronautical school; the reasons for staying in their presnt
jobs; and the competencies and core values which they learned from the
aeronautical school that they find useful in their respective jobs. Based on the data
gathered, the following conclusions were drawn: the graduates of the BS Industrial
Engineering Program chose their course because they know/thought that
employability is easier; the most common reason why the graduates are staying in
their present job is its relation to the course or program; and most respondents find
technical skills as the most useful competency learned in school. In terms of core
values, adeptness was found most useful by the respondents. It is recommended
that the institution market the course more, the faculty prepare the students in what
to expect in the field, and create more learning avenues for the skills needed in the
field.
References:
ACER news. (2021). Homework for universities: Employability for future generations. Retrieved from
https://www.acer.org/au/discover/article/tracer-study-building-employability-for-future-
generation#:~:text=Tracer%20study%20provides%20feedback%20to,and%20respond%20to%20their%20needs.
Arcelo, A. & Sanyal, B. (1987). Employment and career opportunities after graduation: a study on the transition from college to work in the
Philippines. UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning. IIEP: Paris. Retrieved from
https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000077482
Bouwer, J. Et al. (2022). Taking stock of the pandemic’s impact on global aviation. Retrieved from
https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/travel-logistics-and-infrastructure/our-insights/taking-stock-of-the-pandemics-impact-on-global-
aviation
Camus, M.R. (2020, June 19). Mass layoffs hit PH aviation industry. Inquirer.net. https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1294058/mass-layoffs-hit-ph-
aviation-industry
Cuadra, L.J., Aure, R.K.L., & Gonzaga, G.L. (August 2019). The use of tracer study in improving undergraduate programs in the university. Asia
Pacific higher education research journal. 6(1). Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335429907_The_Use_of_Tracer_Study_in_Improving_Undergraduate_Programs_in_the_University
ICAO. (n.d.). Aviation and COVID-19. Retrieved from https://www.icao.int/Security/COVID-19/Pages/default.aspx
Jaca, J. (n.d.). Related literature (about tracer study). Retrieved from
https://www.academia.edu/7485316/Related_Literature_about_tracer_study_Definition_Importance_Advantages_Disadvantages_Methods_Gat
hering_Procedure_Findings
Mercado, N.A. & Domingo, R. (2022. February 10). PSA: Number of unemployed Filipinos rises to 3.27 million in Dec. 2021. Philippine Star.
https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1552757/psa-number-of-unemployed-filipinos-rises-to-3-27-million-in-dec-2021#:~:text=2021,-
By%3A%20Neil%20Arwin&text=MANILA%2C%20Philippines%20%E2%80%94%20The%20unemployment%20rate,Authority%20(PSA)%20reported
%20Thursday.
Pinoy-OFW.com. (2009). High unemployment rate in the Philippines: 8 top causes. Retrieved from https://www.pinoy-ofw.com/news/224-
unemployment-rate-philippines.html
Weligamage, S. (2014). Graduates' Employability Skills: Evidence from Literature Review. ResearchGate.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266014502_Graduates'_Employability_Skills_Evidence_from_Literature_Review

JULY 14-15, 2022
Benefits of Implementing a Student Information Portal to the

Haryce Dayle Coo*, Nicolette Kaye Razon, Paulo Aniero, Arianne Gallego, John
Lloyd Mangalubnan, Troijan Salandanan
Philippine State College of Aeronautics, Pampanga, Philippines

*E-mail: harycedayle@gmail.com
Keywords: Tracer study, Industrial Engineering, employability
The world has changed dramatically because of the pandemic. Due to the
convenience and efficiency provided by technology, our lives have improved
significantly especially today that the world is facing a pandemic, online transaction
is the safest and convenient way to transact with other people. Access to education
has also been simplified due to modern-day technology, and multiple institutions
have now started using online classes as an alternative. This study was conducted to
serve as an instrument to know the benefits of having a student information portal
specifically for the Philippine State College of Aeronautics Basa Airbase-Palmayo
Campus. This study is for the students, faculty members, and office of the registrar’s
staffs. Since the school is still using the legacy system which consumes a lot of time
and inconvenience for the staff and students when acquiring or giving the
documents needed, an upgrade is imperative. Due to the existing health protocols,
the researchers acquired data with the aid of a descriptive questionnaire in the form
of an online survey using google forms. This is the researchers’ response to the
limited mobility caused by the pandemic. Moreover, the gathered information and
responses will not be disclosed with other sites, networks, or people and will only be
between the researchers and the respondents. Thus, responses will still be treated
with the utmost confidentiality. The result of the survey concluded that a student
portal will help the students to have a more efficient and time-saving way of
accessing their own grades, school information, class discussions, schedule of
activities, etc.
[1] Aden, A., & Mohamed, A. (2019). Effectiveness of Student Portals in Private Universities, A Case Study of
Mount Kenya University. Retrieved from Academia:
https://www.academia.edu/39767212/EFFECTIVENESS_O%20F_STUDENT_PORTALS_IN_PRIVATE_UNIVERSITIE
S_A_CASE_ST%20UDY_OF_MOUNT_KENYA_UNIVERSITY
[2] Eboueya, M., & Uden, L. (2007). Benefits and Limitations of Portals. Retrieved from ResearchGate:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/240321078_Benefits_and_Limitations_of_Portals

JULY 14-15, 2022
The OJT Readiness Scale: Developing a Measure to Assess OJT
Readiness in Avionics Students
Reinhardwin Asirit*, Christian Joseph Dionaldo, Audie Khim Zoe Soliven,

4
Syphrus Natividad, Lynard Bobby Asirit, Elisa Grampil

*E-mail: the.reina000@gmail.com
Keywords: OJT Readiness Scale, Avionics Students, Assessment
OJT readiness is a relatively new concept which has emerged in the literature as a
selection criterion for predicting graduate potential. Its definition and validity
however, is contentious. To address this issue, the current study aimed to identify
the attributes and characteristics that comprise OJT readiness and develop a scale
to assess graduate work readiness. A qualitative study was conducted to assist in
generating a representative pool of items for quantitative measurement. The five
underlying dimensions of OJT Readiness Self- Inventory based from exploratory
factor analysis include Required Knowledge, Required Skills, Useful Abilities,
Judgement and Decision - Making, and Valuing Work. The derived five factor model of
OJT Readiness Self- Inventory exhibits parsimonious fit, as all model fit values have
successfully met the criteria set by each index (CMIN/DF < 3.0), (TLI, CFI, and GFI >
.90), and RMSEA < 0.08 with a PCLOSE > 0.05. This means that the model fits well with
the data and therefore assert as the best fit model of OJT Readiness Self- Inventory
for the avionics students. The overall reliability is high with a Cronbach’s alpha value
of 0.993. The subscales or dimensions are also above .70 which is the criteria of high
reliability, namely: Required Knowledge (α=.998); Required Skills (α=.978); Useful
Abilities (α=.968); Judgement and Decision – Making (α=.940); and Valuing Work
(α=.9781). This indicates that the tool has good internal consistency. This study is the
exclusivity of its respondents who are from Philippine Aeronautics State College.
Hence, this research suggests that the tool be administered to the entire college in
the Philippines that offers avionics since the increase in population size may enhance
the generalizability of the scale. This said tool is suggested to be utilized by avionics
students to find out the areas in which they are thriving versus those requiring
further support or training. Future research may be directed towards examining
whether efforts designed to improve OJT readiness among the avionics students
would give rise to changes in the student and school outcomes.

JULY 14-15, 2022
Analysis of the Aviation Training Practices in the Philippines
Joshua De Leon
Air Link International Aviation College, Pasay City, Philippines;

E-mail: jdeleon@aliac.edu.ph

Keywords: Aviation, Factors, Training Center, Training Practices
Training in aviation is one of the most important and sought-after fields that need
special attention because aviation training has a vital role to develop the human
resource in its field that plays a role in the formation of trainees to be assets of the
industry. As the world advances, the aviation industry must adopt modernization to
survive by coping with the changes and new knowledge, it is a step closer to
improving old practices. Aviation training practices are considered the primary
concern that greatly affects the quality of the training in aviation training centers.
This study analyzes the training practices that greatly affect the aviation training
centers. The participants of the study were composed of forty (40) participants that
consist of the Head of Training, Training Supervisor, and Technical Instructors who
came from the selected aviation training centers. A four-point Likert Scale survey
questionnaire and Key Informant Interview were utilized to determine the factors
that affect training practices in every aviation training center. The weighted mean,
frequency distribution, percentage, one-way ANOVA, ranking, and thematic analysis
were utilized for statistical treatment and analysis of data. The survey found factors
affecting aviation training in the aviation training facilities via the computation of
the mean. The top three (3) suggestions and recommendations for enhancement of
aviation training practices are recurrency and proficiency, acquisition of modern
equipment, and utilization of appropriate training concepts and methods. With the
data gathered, the researcher forms a guideline that can help the aviation training
centers to solve and reduce the factors they face using the strategies and best
practices given by the selected aviation training centers.

JULY 14-15, 2022
E-Learning Platform for Laboratory Projects of Avionics

Students of Philippine State College of Aeronautics:
Assessment and Evaluation
Aireene Jezreel Auxillo*, Kristine Mae Galoyo, Marc Christian Lupo,

Robelen Miranda, Realyn Ysulan, Aidyn Lagare
Philippine State College of Aeronautics, MBEAB, Lapu-Lapu City, Philippines

*aireenejezreelauxillo@gmail.com

Keywords: E-learning platform, laboratory projects, Avionics students
This study sought to identify the various difficulties and improve the methods of
having laboratory projects on the E-learning platform of Aviation Electronic
Technology students at Philippine State College of Aeronautics–Mactan Campus.
Researchers used the means of a digital survey questionnaire through Google Forms
for the study’s data; specifically, demographic profile, the status of E-learning and E-
learning platforms used, extent of implementation, and challenges encountered by
the Avionics students on the E-learning platform of laboratory projects. These
questionnaires were administered to 60 randomly selected Avionics students. The
study found out, a thorough assessment and evaluation, that the Avionics students’
performance on laboratory projects on an E-learning platform is very satisfactory
based on the scoring procedure, which is 61-75% good and effective. Moreover, it
also revealed that the students moderately encountered challenges on the E-
learning platform of laboratory projects. The study also found that there is no
significant relationship between the profile of the respondents, the extent of
implementation, and the challenges encountered. It was revealed that they all
independently resulted in their own responses based on their situation. Therefore,
researchers proposed action and intervention plans that can help solve the problems
and issues discovered in the study for the enhancement of teaching-learning
performance, for the effectiveness of laboratory projects on the E-learning platform
to the Avionics students. In this frame of perspective, the researchers recommended
studying various topics rather than just one and increasing the number of
respondents, allowing for better power and the capacity to run more complex
statistical analyses.
References:
Adedoyin, Olasile Babatunde (2020). Covid-19 pandemic and online learning: the challenges and opportunities. Taylor & Francis Online:
Retrieved from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10494820.2020.1813180
Antonio, Vida V. (2018). Science Laboratory Interest and Preferences of Teacher Education Students: Implications to Science Teaching. Asia
Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Vol. 6 No. 3, 57-67.
Gouvea, Julia Svoboda (2020). Remotely Hands-On: Teaching lab sciences and the fine arts during COVID-19. Inside Higher Ed. Retrieved from:
https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2020/04/14/teaching-lab-sciencesand-fine-arts-during-covid-19
Hadji Abas, Hanifa & Marasigan, Arlyne. (2020). Readiness Of Science Laboratory Facilities Of The Public Junior High School In Lanao Del Sur,
Philippines. 10.13140/RG.2.2.10294.52805.
Hensen, C., & Barbera, J. (2019). Assessing Affective Differences between a Virtual General Chemistry Experiment and a Similar Hands-On
Experiment. Journal of Chemical Education, 96(10), 2097-2108.
Samuels, Martin (2021). Harvard University's Derek Bok Center for Teaching and Learning. “Lab Experiences for Online Classes:
https://community.pepperdine.edu/seaver/center-teaching-excellence/keepon-teaching/online-labs.htm
Yu, J., Brown, D., & Billet, E. (2005). Development of a virtual laboratory experiment for biology. European Journal of Open, Distance, and e-
learning.
Zacharia, Z. (2007). Comparing and combining real and virtual experimentation: an effort to enhance students' conceptual understanding of
electric circuits. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 23, 120-132.

AVIATION INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND SYSTEM
SESSION CHAIR: DR. ALAN LINO AGUSTIN
Time Title Authors
Ronah Maria Ventura

The Effectiveness of using Electronic Identification Hatz Marie Potot
3:30
Cards to FUNDERE Trading Reymark Gesta
Glenn Caro
Glenn Rabadon
Tracking Systems of Training Aircrafts of Selected
3:45 Noel Navigar
Flying Schools
Leo Mendel Rosario
Matt Jerzzie Boctot

Vincent Matthew Figueroa
Artificial Intelligence Virtual Reality: A Learning
4:00 Aira Mae Gomez
Simulation for Passenger Handling
Quinry Senilla
Ruth Jenneth Cacho
Thomas Joey Fernandez

Allyzza Bibat
Aircraft Monitoring and Document Management
4:15 Richard Mark Manlapig
System in Binalonan Airfield
Alwin Ordinez
Dyan Viktoria Reyes
Faye Hope Abala

Competency of Instructors on Digital Learning
Faith Balasbas
4:30 amidst Covid-19 Pandemic at Philippine State
Maria Fevelina Baluyot
College of Aeronautics Mactan Campus
Joseph Brian Potestas
Assessment on Filipino Passengers’ Experience in

Janella Dela Cruz
4:45 Utilizing Artificial Intelligence at Ninoy Aquino
Joshua De Leon
International Airport’s Immigration Security
System Enhancement of Civil Aviation Authority of Nor-Hashima Salacop

5:00
the Philippines’ Collection Process Ma. Trinidad Estrada
Kyle Patrick Escalante

Carlo Miguel Faraon
License Plate Recognition and Management System Anthony Dominic Sanchez
5:15 for Philippine State College of Aeronautics – Villamor Juan Miguel Tenorio
Airbase Students and Personnel Ronald Lava
Erickson Antonio


Karl Jan Michael Ambasa
Android-Based Senior Citizen with Data Analytics
Cae Ann Mendoza
5:30 Data Management System for Barangay 183 with
Mikha Soriano
Data Analytics Janelle Fernandez
Jerum Dasalla
Romulo Cruz
Development and Evaluation of Afts - Airline Food Sofia Nicole Ilagan
5:45
Tracking System using Visual Basic and Mysql Gendarme Kyrie Tagaban
Rhocelle Tulud
Mary Ann Bidol

Student Seminar Monitoring System of Institute of
John Rey Dalit
6:00 Computer Studies Using Quick Response Code
Christian Cerel Elizondo
Technology with Data Analytics Jericho Enfesta
Jerum Dasalla

JULY 14-15, 2022
The Effectiveness of using Electronic Identification Cards

to FUNDERE Trading
Ronah Maria Ventura*, Hatz Marie Potot, Reymark Gesta, Glenn Caro

*venturaronah@gmail.com

Keywords: Electronic Identification Cards, Effectiveness, GPS
Identification cards have always been an important aspect of human lives. An

electronic Identification card can be used to establish your membership with a
certain institution through visual verification. It can also be used to check into the
attendance, gain access to the company, and more when integrated with other
systems. The unique feature associated with this is the tracker that locates the
employees upon tapping the attendance. Electronic identification card provides
many benefits to organizations. It allows an employer to have complete control over
all of his or her employees' working hours. It aids in labor cost management by
eliminating overpayments, which are frequently caused by transcribing,
interpretation, and intentional errors. Manual procedures, as well as the staff
required to manage them, are also eliminated. Compliance with labor standards is
often difficult, but a time and attendance system are vital for assuring compliance
with labor regulations involving proof of attendance. Every organization has its own
unique position, which is determined using GPS. A GPS gadget can be used to
determine an employee's position as Mobile Phone, GPS watch, or GPS-enabled
device. If an employee's location and the organization's location are almost the same
approximately, the employee is in the office. This paper proposes a new time and
attendance system based on location, which uses location as a verification of
attendance.
Employee Admin Database

EID Website EID Website
Figure 1. System Overview

JULY 14-15, 2022
Tracking Systems of Training Aircrafts of Selected Flying Schools
Glenn T. Rabadon*, Noel Navigar, Leo Mendel Rosario

*E-mail: hbrabadon_06@yahoo.com
Keywords: Flying schools, GPS, Emergency Locating Transmitter
The most precious assets of flying schools are their training planes. They go to
considerable measures to preserve the public's safety and keep aircraft
whereabouts as close to real-time as feasible. The goal of this study was to learn
more about the process of using and implementing an aircraft flying school protocol
for aircraft monitoring during training exercises. The quantitative and qualitative
methods were used in the study as they are suitable to the goals of the study.
Through the use of a 4point Likert scale questionnaire, the quantitative part was
carefully scrutinized, analyzed, and interpreted. The Key Informant Interview was
used to validate the result of the study on the proposed use of the GPS tracking on
Flying School Training Aircraft. The participants perceived the emergency locating
transmitter (ELT) as the existing tracking system for Flying School Training Aircraft in
the province of Bulacan. The participants believed that the present tracking method
for Flying School Training Aircraft in Bulacan was ineffective and that it was plagued
by difficulties and barriers due to a lack of feedback.
Identify current
Analyze and
KII
tracking system interpret the Data
Perceptions on
Compare and
the level of
Survey
Contrast the
agreement to the
Questionnaire results of data
current tracking
and KII
system
Proposed
Utilization of GPS
Monitoring Data Collection in Plaridel Bulacan
through Advisory
Circular
[1] Abbot, K. (2020).Managing automation or managing aircraft flight path: how does operational policy
need to evolve. In: Skybrary-aero.com.

[2] Bijjahalli, S., Sabatini, R., Gardi, A. (2019). GNSS performance modelling and augmentation for urban air
mobility, Sensors, 19(19), 4209.

[3] Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (2022). In: https://caap.gov.ph/wp-
content/uploads/2021/06/PART-3-Approved-Training-Organization. Part 3.

JULY 14-15, 2022
Artificial Intelligence Virtual Reality:

A Learning Simulation for Passenger Handling
Matt Jerzzie Boctot, Vincent Matthew C. Figueroa, Aira Mae S. Gomez,

Quinry L. Senilla, Ruth Jenneth L. Cacho


One of the vital aspects of gaining knowledge is to engage ourselves in real

situations in the real world. Are Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality for
entertainment purposes, or can they be a learning-based method that can help
people improve the skills they will need in real situations? Is it more cost-effective
than the traditional way of understanding and improving skills? The project will
incorporate Virtual Reality and Artificial Intelligence, aiming to develop a simulation
framework that will help aspiring flight attendants of the Philippine State College of
Aeronautics that are currently enrolled in the 2nd year up to 4th year level. It will give
a walkthrough based on the actual workspace of an aircraft and airport using the
simulation on a Virtual Reality Device, and Artificial Intelligence will evaluate the
result of the simulation based on the user action and voice input. Furthermore, the
researchers intend to make this less expensive than airport and airfield tours for
students, providing a realistic and accurate experience in which various conditions
are drawn for the users to experience. It will give real-life scenarios that may
encounter in the real world. The system will provide various ways to learn, especially
making the user more confident about how they will interact with the passengers.
The researcher associates the study with the traditional way of training people for
their job. It will provide a more accessible feature that can lead to a more convenient
way of giving proper instructions to the student before their skills and knowledge.
This study aims to come up with prospective benefits and reliability.

JULY 14-15, 2022
Aircraft Monitoring and Document Management System in
Binalonan Airfield
Thomas Joey D. Fernandez , Allyzza A. Bibat, Richard Mark F. Manlapig, Alwin P.
Ordinez , Dyan Viktoria L. Reyes
WCC Aeronautical and Technological College, Binalonan, Pangasinan, Philippines
Keywords: Aircraft status and flight monitoring, data management
system, scheduling of maintenance inspections
This study presents the introduction of a web-based application called Aircraft

Monitoring and Document Management System (AMDMS), with a purpose of
establishing paperless and digitalized scheduling and monitoring of flight schedules,
recording aircraft condition/status, and keeping track of maintenance inspection
schedules to both WCC Flight Operations and WCC Repair Station departments.
Upon evaluating the statistical results of the survey conducted by the researchers, it
was found out that the AMDMS has an excellent performance with an average of
4.485 which is equivalent to very satisfactory in terms of the four (4) testing
parameters (functionality, reliability, and usability) that the researchers used in
order to determine the effectiveness of the system. Based on the result of the
evaluation of this study through the deployment of AMDMS to WCC Flight Operations
and WCC Repair Station departments, the AMDMS is found to be an effective and
efficient tool for scheduling and monitoring flight schedules, reporting aircraft
condition, and monitoring maintenance inspection schedules. Moreover, the results
affirm that the AMDMS is greatly significant in transitioning WCC Flight Operations
and WCC Repair Station from traditional aircraft documentation management to a
more structured, paperless, and digitalized aircraft documentation management
system. The AMDMS project is capable of a number of significant functions, including
flight scheduling, flight monitoring, documenting current aircraft condition or
status, and identifying forthcoming aircraft maintenance inspections. Finally, this
study affirms that all of the stated objectives were met and that the researchers
successfully produced a comprehensive analysis and project rationale.
Figure 1. Illustration of the System Homepage Figure 2. Illustration of System Backend

JULY 14-15, 2022
Competency of Instructors on Digital Learning amidst Covid-19

Pandemic at Philippine State College of Aeronautics
Mactan Campus
Faye Hope B. Abala*, Faith B. Balasabas, Maria Fevelina C. Baluyot, Joseph

Brian L. Potestas
* fayehopeabala@gmail.com

Keywords: Challenges, Attitudes, Instructors Competency,
Knowledge,Online Class, Skills
This study intends to ascertain the instructors’ level of competency on digital

learning with end view of formulating an action plan. This is a descriptive-
quantitative research method with use of researcher-made questionnaire in data
gathering from 49 instructors respondents with majority who are aged 26 – 30 years
old, male, married, and have 1 - 5 years of teaching experience. Findings revealed
that the instructors’ level of competency in digital learning on knowledge is highly
competent in using cellphone or laptop for online classes, learning continuity plans
and strategy for flexible and residential schedules, platforms, and subject matter.
Level of skills competency is highly competent in the use of gadgets, conduct of
online classes, and operations of network provider, internet usage, and making
learning modules. Level of competency on attitudes is highly competent. They follow
orders and instructions on learning continuity plan, accomplishment reports,
observe ethical standards, enjoy online classes. Extent of challenges encountered
on availability of facilities and equipment is moderate extent on unclear direction of
strategy, allocation of resources, expensive suitable gadgets, lacking and
sometimes not available, and no place or facilities in the house conducive for online
classes. Extent of challenges on network and internet usage is high extent on
unavailable connectivity, expensive and choppy internet connections. Least extent
challenge is the lack of internet connections in school. Planning implementation and
evaluation of learning is moderate extent on formative assessments, summative
assessments are achieved. Lowest challenge is lack of strategic plan into identifiable
steps, and implementation plan is not well communicated. Extent of challenges
encountered in collaboration with parents is moderate extent on lack of orientation
of online classes, not fully aware, and reluctant with negative attitude. Lowest
challenge is the angry parents they cannot help and provide internet connections.
Recommended is the proposed action plan for improvement of competencies of
instructors' digital learning amidst the covid-19 pandemic.
Henry, M. (2020). Synchronous and Asynchronous Instruction Online. Retrieved October 20, 2020 from
https://humber.ca › teachingandlearning › synchronous-a...

Haythornthwaite, Caroline, Bruce, Bertram C., Andrews, Richard, Kazmer, Michelle M., Montague, Rae-
Anne, and Preston, Cristina (2007) View of theories and Models of and for Online Learning. Retrieved
October 22, 2020 from firstmonday.org › article › view

JULY 14-15, 2022
Assessment on Filipino Passengers’ Experience in Utilizing
Artificial Intelligence at Ninoy Aquino International Airport’s
Immigration Security
Janella Dela Cruz*, Joshua De Leon
Airlink International Aviation College, Pasay City, Philippines

*jdelacruz@aliac.edu.ph
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Immigration Security, Passenger
Experience
As the technology is continuously evolving around the world, Airlines are modifying
their operations with the help of fast paced technology like the utilization of Artificial
Intelligence at Ninoy Aquino International Airport’s Immigration Security to develop
and meet the customer’s needs and expectations. With this being said, airport
congestion and waiting time affects the passenger’s satisfaction level in terms of
these aspects and overall travel time. This study aims to provide a platform for
Filipino passengers who are having a hard time expressing their insights about the
utilization of Artificial Intelligence technology in Ninoy Aquino International Airport's
immigration security. In this study, quantitative design was used, while Likert scale
based survey questionnaire were used to gather the information from 100 Overseas
Filipino Workers. The data were statistically treated using descriptive and correlation
analysis. The results from the study on descriptive statistics have shown that there is
a positive effect with the utilization of artificial intelligence in our immigration
security towards the passengers’ experience at Ninoy Aquino International Airport.
However, for correlation analysis, the utilization of Artificial Intelligence in our
immigration security has shown that there is no significant effect towards the
passengers’ experience at Ninoy Aquino International Airport since it showed a p-
value that is higher than 0.05. This means that the sample size of 100 respondents
that were set by the researchers were not enough to represent a significant effect
for the utilization of artificial intelligence in our immigration security towards the
passengers’ experience at Ninoy Aquino International Airport.

JULY 14-15, 2022
System Enhancement of Civil Aviation Authority of the

Philippines’ Collection Process
Nor-Hashima Salacop*, Ma. Trinidad Estrada
IGS, PHILSCA, Pasay, Philippines

*norhashimasalacop@gmail.com

Keywords: Collection, efficiency, automated
Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines or widely known as CAAP is a Government

Owned and Controlled Corporation (GOCC) created through Republic Act (R.A.) No.
94971 having jurisdiction over the restructuring of the civil aviation system as well as
the promotion, development and regulation of the technical, operational, safety and
aviation security functions in the Philippines. Notwithstanding, that its existence has
immensely contributed to the economic development of the country through income
generation from various aviation industries and airline companies. As technology
emerges, fast paced environment brought by globalization and unprecedented
customer demands, manual system processes became outdated and responsive, this
doe not spared CAAP especially its collection process. An efficient collection
process in an organization like CAAP is tantamount to an increase in growth and
profitability. Further, enhancing the collection process in CAAP particularly in
Administrative and Finance Departments, both of which are under Administrative and
Finance Service (AFS), will save time and money, and the best way to do so is to
measure and analyze the processes for possible system enhancement. In
organizations like CAAP, it is important that efficiency in collection process must be
observed properly in order to produce high quality services, higher returns for lower
costs and lesser effort. Along this premise, the researcher takes this opportunity to
analyze the system enhancement of the CAAP Central Office’s collection process.
The objective of this study is to assess the efficiency of the collection process of
Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP) Central Office as a basis for a
proposed system enhancement. This study made use of the descriptive research
method which was designed for the researcher/ investigator to gather information
about present existing conditions. The forty-eight (48) participants were from
selected Departments of CAAP mostly participated by the Accounting personnel and
Collecting personnel. It was determined that the level of collection process
efficiency of the participants was partially efficient, which implies that respondents
are not functioning to its full potential due to the challenges faced pertaining to
collection process. An automated accounting system is recommended to improve
the efficiency of CAAP’s collection process along with the additional manpower and
continuous training.

JULY 14-15, 2022
License Plate Recognition and Management System for
Philippine State College of Aeronautics – Villamor Airbase
Students and Personnel
Kyle Patrick Escalante, Carlo Miguel Faraon, Anthony Dominic Sanchez, Juan
Miguel Tenorio, Ronald Lava, Erickson Antonio
Institute of Computer Studies (ICS),

Philippine State College of Aeronautics (PhilSCA), Pasay City, Philippines
Keywords: license plate recognition, opencv and character recognition,
vehicle recognition
Vehicle Recognition using RFID, OpenCV, and Character Recognition are practical
applications of machine learning ideas that can be used for a variety of functions.
This research study will introduce the process of automatic recognition of a license
plate number of a vehicle that is going in and out within the premises of Philippine
State College of Aeronautics – VAB using OpenCV and Character Recognition. The
current process or situation in our school is all the vehicle owners who wants to park
within the premises of Philippine State College of Aeronautics – VAB campus are
required to get their stickers at IGP Office for the purpose of entry pass. Due to the
pandemic the researchers want to have a paperless transactions and non-contact
interaction to the personnel on- duty and at the same time to identify the vehicles
owners like student, employees or visitors. The researchers used the ISO 25010 in
terms of Usability, Portability, Functional Suitability, Compatibility and Reliability.
Researchers was successful in conducting series of evaluation and undergo client
testing to identify the vehicles owner and license plate number using the RFID card.
As the result of this research, the researchers conclude that the License Plate
Recognition and Management System for Philippines State College of Aeronautics –
VAB Personnel and Student was helpful, usable and much more efficient and provide
better outputs in identifying a license plate number and vehicle owner.
Figure 2. Illustration of System Backend
[1]https://www.researchgate.net/publication
344668186_Research_paper_on_vehicle_detection_and_recognition#pf9
[2]A New License Plate Recognition System Based on ... https://www.sciencedirect.com
[3]License Plate Recognition – DiVA-Portal http://www.diva-portal.org

JULY 14-15, 2022
Android-Based Senior Citizen with Data Analytics Data
Management System for Barangay 183 with Data Analytics
Karl Jan Michael Ambasa, Cae Ann Mendoza, Mikha Soriano,

Janelle Fernandez, Jerum Dasalla

jerumbdasalla@gmail.com
Keywords: Senior Citizen, Android-Based, Data Analytics
With the emergence of technology and the high demand for digitalization
transactions using mobile devices provide an effective and efficient transaction.
During the pandemic caused by the Coronavirus (COVID-19), The researchers intend
to develop an Android-Based Senior Citizen with Data Analytics Data Management
System for Barangay 183 with Data Analytics, that provides services without requiring
physical touch and has elements that are critical in the event of a pandemic. The
study has applied assessments were based on the 25010 an International
Standardization Organization (ISO) of software quality standards. The researchers
followed a methodical approach to system development from conception to
conclusion. Throughout the development process, the researchers followed the
software development life cycle model (SDLC). Specifically, the waterfall model is a
guide during the application’s development and implementation. The researcher
used quantitative and developmental methods of research. The survey questionnaire
was distributed to gather information from the Barangay 183’s Admin of OSCA (Office
of Senior Citizen Affairs) as the requirement to be included in the application
development.
Charissa Luci-Atienza (2022) - Data analytics and information system for fast delivery of social welfare
services to seniors pushed, https://mb.com.ph/2021/02/08/data-analytics-and-information-system-for-
fast-delivery-of-social-welfare-services-to-seniors-pushed/
Robert D. Buenaventura, Jacqueline B. Ho, and Maria I. Lapid (2020) - COVID-19 and mental health of older
adults in the Philippines: a perspective from a developing country,
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7235307/

JULY 14-15, 2022
Development and Evaluation of Afts - Airline Food

Tracking System using Visual Basic and Mysql
Romulo M. Cruz, Sofia Nicole L. Ilagan, Gendarme Kyrie M. Tagaban, Rhocelle

D. Tulud*

*E-mail: rhocelletulud07@gmail.com
Keywords: cabin waste, airline food tracking, airline food consumption
The amount of cabin waste due to excess food is a problem being faced by airline
companies due to its bad effect on the environment and the financial impact it has
on their operations. In this paper, the researchers ought to mitigate the growing
problem by developing AFTS which aids in the collection of passenger food demand
data prior to their flight. The program was evaluated by a professional evaluator
which focused on the advantages and limitations in terms of the program's usability.
The program was also evaluated by respondents in terms of its ease of use,
comprehension, completeness, and layout. There were significant issues in the
aspects of user control and freedom and flexibility and ease of use in terms of the
usability of the program while the rest of the aspects in the heuristics evaluation did
not have major issues when it comes to the usage of the program. Furthermore, the
program showed high acceptability in terms of its ease of use, comprehension,
completeness, and layout when evaluated by the respondents. Therefore, the
program is acceptable for the public yet some usability issues must
be further addressed to enhance the performance of AFTS.
Fig. 1. AFTS Main UI Window

JULY 14-15, 2022
Student Seminar Monitoring System of Institute of Computer
Studies Using Quick Response Code Technology with Data
Analytics
Mary Ann B. Bidol*, John Rey M. Dalit, Christian Cerel J. Elizondo, Jericho R.
Enfesta, Jerum B. Dasalla

*E-mail: bidolmaryann.25@gmail.com
Keywords: School Seminar, Quick Response Code, Seminar Attendance
Monitoring
The development of smartphones proliferates the use of QR code obtaining features

of scanning and decoding barcodes are becoming a popular tool in modern
education. This study will serve as a platform to monitor students’ attendance during
school seminar. The study is focused only on monitoring student during seminar if
the students are really attending or not on the required seminar. Students will be
provided with a School ID containing a unique barcode. Each barcode represents the
unique ID number of the students and the system offers more than just the
attendance, and list of the students. In this study, the researchers used
developmental research which entails the creation of information with the ultimate
goal of improving instructional design, development, and evaluation procedures. It is
based on either situation-specific or generalized inquiry processes. This application
will provide a simple Faculty staff for the student as well as for the professors since
this system may provide a unique QR code which can be used by the students in
order to register on the system while the faculty staff can monitor who is present on
the certain seminar by looking the records on the system.
REFFERENCES
Freelancer. (2017, August 4). Student Monitoring System. Student Project Guidance & Development.
Retrieved January 14, 2022, from https://studentprojectguide.com/java-projects/student-monitoring-
system
QR codes and mobile technology used in ... - researchgate.net. (n.d.). Retrieved January 14, 2022, from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311165175_QR_Codes_and_Mobile_Technology_Used_in_the_Blen
ded_Learning_Approach
Using mobile technologies for enhancing student academic ... (n.d.). Retrieved January 14, 2022, from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/291187016_Using_Mobile_Technologies_for_Enhancing_Student_
Academic_Experience_University_of_Jordan_Case_Study

AERONAUTICAL MANAGEMENT AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
SESSION CHAIR: SHIRELY BRON
3:30 Air Travel Safety Perception During Covid-19 Kyle C. Montalbo
The Safety Reporting System of Ninoy Aquino

Joseph Emmanuel Calderon
3:45
International Airport Froilan Balucio
Maria Arcela Maga

Hannah Lyn L. Barroga
Overview of the Research and Development
Camille Dris
4:00 Undertakings of Selected Aviation Companies in the
Angelo Flor
Philippines Christyne Mendoza
Danica Tamondong
Leo Mendel Rosario
Pauleen Rose Joveda

Wilrince Amparna
Analysis of Aviation-related Research and Neil Justine Arada
4:15 Development of Selected Philippine Government Matt Daniel Atejera
Agencies Aron Mickael Custodio
Gillian Ymanuelle Lague
Leo Mendel Rosario
Department of Transportation Aviation Sector
Arlene Bermudez
4:30 Procurement Process: Basis for a Proposed
Ma. Trinidad Estrada

Intervention Program
Rysher Errand Cabasagan

The Effects of the Flexible Working Schedule in
Mohammad Emil Antonio
4:45 Aviation Industry in the Midst of the Covid-19
Casey James Avergonzado
Pandemic
Joshua Jade Bagayo
Edmund Sia II
Neil John Cavida
Gender Issues in the Career Opportunities in Select
5:00 Laarni Tagle

Approved Maintenance Organizations
Kenneth Camyr Mindajao
Elisa Grampil
An Analysis of the Procurement Process of the Civil Joyce Ann Babael

5:15
Aviation Authority of the Philippines Eleonor Calayag

Policy Proposal On The Recruitment And Selection
Judy Ann C. Gaspar

5:30 Practices Of Aircraft Mechanic Of General Aviation
Froilan Balucio
Industry
Benito G. Cubilo
The Effect of Covid-19 Pandemic among Private
Alfredo M. Joson
5:45 Security Agencies: Basis for Enhanced Policies and
Ceciel Jane Mallorca

Guidelines Implementation
Noel Navigar
Proposed Standard Public Transportation System of

6:00 Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines Operated Jessalyn Mae Enriquez
Airports

JULY 14-15, 2022
Air Travel Safety Perception During Covid-19
Kyle C. Montalbo
Philippine State College of Aeronautics, Lapu-Lapu City, Philippines

E-mail: kylemontalbo1@gmail.com

Keywords: COVID-19 traveler behavior; aviation tourism; sustainability
Sars-Cov-2 (COVID-19) has stunned the global aviation industry with an

unprecedented decline in flights and passenger count. In the Philippines, the Air
Carriers Association of the Philippines (ACAP) estimated a P22 billion net losses for
the second quarter of 2020. In 2021, the industry is slowly returning to the skies as
travel restrictions are being lifted but passenger anxiety remaining high. This study
measures the respondents’ travel safety perception during COVID-19. 43 air travelers
of Mactan Cebu International Airport (MCIA) from April to August 2021 in Philippines
supplied the data for this study. Data was tabulated using mean and standard
deviation analysis. The respondents reportedly felt safer with the enforced protocols
in place as they ‘strongly agree’ that these reduce their chances of contracting the
virus. Among the protocols, the respondents felt safest with social distancing
measures in airport facilities (6.54, SD 0.9638). Contrary, the mandate on wearing of
face shields contributed the lowest perception of safety at 5.23 (somewhat agree,
SD 1.8798). The findings align with previous researches on science-based
intervention measures alleviating traveler anxiety and lowering risk perception.
Further research on the mediating effects of intervention measures is
recommended.
ICAO. (2021). Effects of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) on Civil Aviation: Economic Impact Analysis.
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), Montréal, Canada, May, 125.
https://www.icao.int/sustainability/Documents/COVID-19/ICAO_Coronavirus_Econ_Impact.pdf
Rockland, D. B. (2020). Air Traveler Response to COVID-19. Iata, 1–15.
Zawierucha, M. (2021). Increasing Perceived Viral Safety in Air Travel. In TU Delft Industrial Design
Engineering. https://repository.tudelft.nl/islandora/object/uuid:124f8c25-9d76-4a6d-b867-e061e2065205

JULY 14-15, 2022
The Safety Reporting System of Ninoy Aquino International Airport
Joseph Emmanuel T. Calderon*, Froilan B. Balucio

E-mail: thejosephcalderon@gmail.com
Keywords: Aviation Safety, Safety Management System, Safety Reporting
System
Safety reporting is an integral part of the Safety Management System (SMS). It

serves as a source of safety data used to prevent occurrence of incidents or
accidents and maintain an acceptable level of safety in the aviation industry. To
ensure that these hazards are identified and addressed, it’s essential that the safety
reporting system is operating and effective. This study aims to evaluate the
implementation of the safety reporting system of Ninoy Aquino International Airport
(NAIA) and to identify the barriers that affects its implementation.
Based on the gathered data, the safety reporting system of NAIA is being
implemented in terms of policy, procedures, and feedback, where the highest mean
is on the implementation of procedures and the lowest is on the policy
implementation. However, it was found out that if the data is grouped according to
division, there is a statistically significant difference on the policy implementation.
Furthermore, the top external barrier is the fear of adverse consequence of safety
reporting; while the top internal barrier is, the lack of training provided to identify
hazard and other reportable occurrences. Both barriers can be linked to the finding
that there is a significant difference on the policy implementation between each
division, as both of this barrier is under policy implementation.
The following are recommendations to improve the safety reporting system of NAIA:
(1) that the NAIA should develop a just culture policy; (2) that the NAIA should
continuous communicate the safety policy and objectives of the organization and
implement a safety promotion program in all levels of the organization; (3) that the
NAIA should provide appropriate training with emphasis on hazard identification and
the safety reporting system; (4) that there is a need to improve the feedback
mechanism implementation among the reporters; and, (5) that it is an opportune
time to explore the possibilities of developing and utilizing an electronic based
safety reporting.
References
[1] Amalia. D. (2019). Promoting Just Culture for Enhancing Safety Culture in Aerodrome Airside
Operations. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research. Volume 8, Issue 10.
[5] Jausan. M., Silva. J., Sabatini. R. (2017). A Holistic Approach to Evaluating the Effect of Safety Barriers on
the Performance of safety reporting system in aviation organization. Journal of Air Transport Management.
Retrieved from
[8] International Civil Aviation Organization. (2016). Annex 19: Safety Management, 2nd edition.
[9] International Civil Aviation Organization. (2018). Document 9859: Safety Management Manual, 4th
edition.

JULY 14-15, 2022
Overview of the Research and Development Undertakings

of Selected Aviation Companies in the Philippines
Maria Arcela Maga* 1 , Hannah Lyn L. Barroga1 , Camille Dris1 , Angelo Flor 1,
1 1 2
Christyne Mendoza , Danica Tamondong , Leo Mendel Rosario
1
Institute of Engineering and Technology (InET), Philippine State College of
Aeronautics, Pasay City, Philippines;

2
Institute of Liberal Arts and Sciences (ILAS), Philippine State College of Aeronautics,
Pasay City, Philippines

*E-mail: arcelaxx@gmail.com
Keywords: Philippine Aviation Industry, Research, and Development,
Survey
The air transport industry provides the Philippines with vital connectivity within the
archipelago's major islands and foreign destinations. A well-functioning air transport
industry correlates positively to high economic growth and impacts through tourism,
trade, investments, and employment. Although the business competitiveness of the
local aviation industry, further economic growth would be achieved thru research
and development initiatives. For example, the Philippines has been developing and
manufacturing flight controllers since 1985. However, there are limited studies on the
research conducted by the Philippine aviation industry. This study surveyed the
research and development of selected aviation companies. Personnel from 10
aviation companies were interviewed regarding their research and development
activities. The study categorized their research activities related to aircraft and
services. Thematic analysis was conducted to determine core themes in the research
activities of aviation companies. Based on the findings, there is no formal research
organization in these companies. However, research activities or projects were being
conducted as additional tasks in quality assurance and technical services offices.
This study will be useful to higher education institutions for research and extension
collaboration.
Bamber, P., Frederick, S., & Gereffi, G. (2016). The Philippines in the Aerospace Global Value Chain.

JULY 14-15, 2022
Analysis of Aviation-related Research and Development

of Selected Philippine Government Agencies
Pauleen Rose P. Joveda* 1 , Wilrince A. Amparna 1, Neil Justine M. Arada1 , Matt

1 1 1
Daniel R. Atejera 1 , Aron Mickael C. Custodio , Gillian Ymanuelle B. Lague ,
2
1

2

*E-mail: jovedapauleenrose@gmail.com
Keywords: Philippine Government Agencies, Research and Development,
Analysis, Aviation
Aviation is one of the most significant modes of transport connecting people

worldwide. Its complexity demands aviation R&D that makes continuous innovation
and technological advancements to different unique aircraft-related technologies.
Besides aviation research from aeronautical schools and the air transport industry,
government agencies also conduct related research. This study analyzed aviation-
related R&D conducted by selected Philippine government agencies within the
national capital region (NCR). A literature review and online key informant interview
of government personnel were conducted to determine aviation research objectives
and project information (e.g., budget allocation, duration, etc.). The study reported
that government agencies' aviation-related research focuses on the application of
drone technologies. Some of these applications are precision agriculture from the
Department of Agriculture (DA), mapping disaster zones from the Department of
Science and Technology (DOST), and security surveillance from the Department of
National Defense. The findings of this study will serve as a basis for the checking of
duplicated aviation R&D of different Philippine government agencies. Furthermore,
this data analysis will also determine possible agency collaboration with the same
research objectives.
DA Communications Group (2021). Demo-spraying of pesticide via drone. Retrieved from
https://www.da.gov.ph/gallery/demo-spraying-of-pesticide-via-drone-sept-29-2021/
Department of Science and Technology. (n.d.). UAV for Disaster Risk Reduction Application.
asti.dost.gov.ph. Retrieved from https://asti.dost.gov.ph/projects/uav/

DOST - Philippine Council for Industry, Energy, and Emerging Technology Research and Development.
(2018). DOST and DND partnership to strengthen national defense. Retrieved from
https://pcieerd.dost.gov.ph/news/latest-news/300-dost-and-dnd-partnership-to-strengthen-national-
defense

JULY 14-15, 2022
Department of Transportation Aviation Sector Procurement
Process: Basis for a Proposed Intervention Program
Arlene Bermudez*, Ma. Trinidad Estrada
IGS, PHILSCA, Pasay, Philippines

*vergaraarlene813@gmail.com

Keywords: RA 9184, procurement process, intervention
RA 9184 is enacted to provide for the modernization, standardization and

regularization of the procurement activities of the government and for other
purposes. It is the declared policy of the State to promote the ideals of good
governance in all its branches, departments, agencies, subdivisions, and
instrumentalities, including government-owned and/or -controlled corporations, and
local government units. The set forth procurement policy is essentially important to
provide guidelines for the procurement of goods and services ensuring that it is
cost-effective, meet the specified requirements, good quality, time bound and
always for the advantage of the government. Procurement is crucial to the efficient
discharge of government functions in stabilizing the economy through creations of
jobs and public service of the different Departments and Offices of the
government.The researcher analyzes and assesses the procurement process of the
aviation sector of the Department of Transportation as a basis for a proposed
intervention program. Preferably, evaluation of system processes should be
established despite its lingering existence to ensure that it is still responsive and
compliant with the existing rules and regulations in the procurement process. This
study employed the descriptive method of research using the survey questionnaire
as a technique in gathering data among the fifty-two (52) participants from the
Department of the Transportation Aviation Sector, and the four-point Likert scale
was used. The results of the study indicated that the participants were Strongly
Agree on the extent of the Government Procurement Reform Act (R.A. 9184)
implemented in the Department of Transportation Aviation Sector as to the quantity,
quality, timeliness, accountability, and competitiveness. This is an indication that
respondents were aware of the implementing guidelines of the procurement policy.
However, they also agree that there were issues and concerns in the implementation.
As a result, the researcher recommended to propose an intervention program
focusing on the updates of procurement policy through refresher
seminar/workshops. Agency shall take into consideration the importance and
relevance of conducting intervention programs for efficiently carrying out its
objectives and goals.

JULY 14-15, 2022
The Effects of the Flexible Working Schedule in Aviation

Industry in the Midst of The Covid-19 Pandemic
Rysher Errand Cabasagan*, Mohammad Emil Antonio,

Casey James Avergonzado, Joshua Jade Bagayo
AISAT, Davao City Philippines

*181796@aisat.edu.ph
Keywords: Flexible working patterns, Aviation industry, Covid-19,
Philippines
This research study aims to determine the most feasible working pattern of workers
in the aviation industry during the COVID-19 Pandemic. This study uses an online
survey questionnaire in gathering information from the respondents of the aviation
industry. Stratified Sampling is the method used in this research. The Respondents of
this study were thirty airport employees from Civil Aviation Authority of the
Philippines (CAAP) and Airasia. This study uses collecting and interpreting numerical
data known as quantitative research. Pearson’s correlation was used first to
determine the relationship of two variables, but the data was not normally
distributed and not linear. Thus, using Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient was
used as it was nonparametric. The result shows that Flexible working patterns was
listed as high and the Aviation industry was also listed as very high. Therefore, it was
also listed that there is no significant correlation between Flexible working patterns
and Aviation Industry During the pandemic COVID-19.

JULY 14-15, 2022
Gender Issues in the Career Opportunities in Select Approved
Maintenance Organizations
Edmund Sia II*, Neil John Cavida, Laarni Tagle, Kenneth Camyr Mindajao, Elisa
Grampil
PhilSCA, Pasay City, Philippines

*E-mail: siaedmund@yahoo.com
Keywords: Gender Issues, Career Opportunities, Aviation
Gender issues in certain workplace or organizations are prevalent. These issues have
great impact on the members of the company in terms of quality of work, work ethic,
promotion, and employment (Syed Iskandar et al., 2018). Stereotypes, sexual
harassment, and discrimination are the common issues that most employees
experience in their workplace. Such issues persist because a large number of
businesses still do not practice gender equality. (Fischer et al., 2018). The aviation
industry is an extensive field that contributes significantly to global commerce. The
maintenance field of the aviation is a major division which a large number of
manpower is being hired annually. The workforce of this area is recognized for being
knowledgeable and competent in maintaining the airworthiness of every aircraft, as
well as being adaptable to any unexpected structural issues. The study used
quantitative analysis method and survey questionnaire technique to assess the
presence of gender issues in select approved maintenance organizations and as well
as to gain a better understanding regarding its effects on the career opportunities of
maintenance workers in AMOs. It was designed to determine if the gender issues in
career opportunities of the workforce in the select approved maintenance
organizations such as work arrangements, equal pay, harassments, promotions and
decision and policy makings were present. The findings of the study show that there
are no gender issues regarding equal pay, promotions, and decision and policy
making; however, the respondents agreed that sexual harassment is experienced
and/or encountered in the workplace and that in some cases; workers are assigned
unequal workload or are treated differently based on their gender. Additionally,
strengthening the existing company rules and policies that protects workers of all
genders from harassment and discrimination is needed.
[1] Syed Iskandar, S. N., A. Rahim, A. M., MohdYussoff, A. N. S., & Abu Bakar, F. H. (2018). Gender issues: the
effects of differences in interaction styles between genders and roles on workplace communication.
International Journal of Modern Language and Applied Linguistics, 2(4), 36-47.
http://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/42813
[2] Fischer, A.H., Kret, M.E., Broekens, J. (2018). Gender differences in emotion perception and self-
reported emotional intelligence: A test of the emotion sensitivity hypothesis. PLoS ONE 13(1), Article
e0190712. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190712

JULY 14-15, 2022
An Analysis Of The Procurement Process Of The Civil Aviation
Authority Of The Philippines
Joyce Ann Babael*, Eleonor Calayag

* joyce.babael@gmail.com
Keywords: Public Procurement, Timeliness, Delay
Public procurement plays a big role in the operations of government agencies. It is

through this process that the necessary goods and construction projects are
acquired in order to carry out the entity’s planned programs activities and projects.
Procurement shall be conducted in accordance with the provisions of the 2016
Revised Implementing Rules and Regulations (RIRR) of Republic Act (RA) No. 9184. All
procurement shall undergo competitive bidding except for instances allowed by the
2016 RIRR. The RIRR provides the different procurement stages and the prescribed
timeline to complete the process before the contract implementation. In line with
this, the procurement of the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP), being
a government agency, is required to complete the procurement process within the
maximum period allowed by the RIRR. However, in the past years, the Authority has
incurred delays in its procurement process, causing project implementation to be
delayed. The purpose of the study is to identify the causal factors leading to delays
and develop agency action plan that would help ensure that the conduct of the
procurement process will be completed within the prescribed timeline. Analysis of 21
procurement contracts completed in the years 2019 and 2020 and conduct of key
informant interviews with the members of the Bids and Awards Committee,
Technical Working Group, and Procurement Division would help in determining how
long the procurement process usually takes and identifying the factors that cause
delays. The contracts chosen are those available to the researcher and have
undergone the auditorial review of the Commission on Audit. Moreover, participants
for the key informant interview are key officials of the Authority which has long been
exposed to procurement. Qualitative research approach was chosen as the
methodology which helped in achieving the objective as the researcher was able to
obtain a firsthand knowledge and understanding of the experiences of the
participants in the conduct of the procurement process. In conclusion, several
factors affected the timeliness of the procurement process of CAAP which includes
the lack of manpower, intensive validation of the bidder’s on-going projects, filing of
appeals of disqualified bidders, and the considerations the higher authority require
for its approval. In view of the foregoing, CAAP needs to revisit and pay attention on
the timeliness of its procurement process. This will help the Authority to save time,
resources and timely deliver their services to the client and the general public.

JULY 14-15, 2022
Policy Proposal on the Recruitment and Selection Practices of

Aircraft Mechanic of General Aviation Industry
Judy Ann C. Gaspar*, Froilan Balucio
Institute of Graduate Studies, Philippine State College of Aeronautics, Pasay City

Philippines
*judyanngaspar24@gmail.com
Keywords: Recruitment Practices & Selection Practices
The initial steps in managing human resources (employees) toward the company's
objectives are recruitment and selection. They are the most fundamental and yet
most significant of all human resource management practices since they represent
bigger staffing plans. Bad recruiting and selection practices are widespread in
society, and the aviation business is no exception. Problems include no written policy
on employee recruitment and selection, unclear policies on recruitment and
selection, accommodation of referrals with insufficient qualifications, and hiring of
employees without going through standard operating procedures because they have
insider connections. These "shortcuts" commonly result in the hiring of an
incompetent employee. The present study assessed the recruitment and selection
practices of aircraft mechanics in the general aviation industry basis for a policy
proposal.This study employed the descriptive method of research using the survey
questionnaire as a technique in gathering data from thirty (30) aircraft maintenance
personnel and twenty-five (25) administrators represented by the human resource
managers, company owners, and supervisors to ascertain the responses of the
respondent for the analysis and interpretation of data. Furthermore, this study
applied the four (4)-point Likert scale. The result implies that recruitment practices
of aircraft mechanics in the general aviation industry as perceived by the
participants in terms of internal recruitment were often practiced external
recruitment was seldom practiced, and academic qualifications were preferred.
Furthermore, the selection practices in terms of selection instrument used were very
often used, selection assessment tools, types of interview & methods of the
interview were often practiced, the person involved in the interview was often
involved, characteristics appraisal during interview & documentary requirements
were often practices, background investigation often practices and lastly the
methods of background investigation is always practiced. Likewise, participants
rated efficient on the efficiency of recruitment and selection practices as to
ensuring efficient recruitment and selection practices. The results of the study
indicate that while the recruitment and selection practices of aircraft mechanics in
the general aviation industry were found to be efficient in their recruitment and
selection as assessed by the participants, there are also some criteria that the
general aviation industry management is only interpreted as efficient and always
practiced with low mean, the need for the enhancement of policy for further
improvement of recruitment and selection practices of aircraft mechanics in the
general aviation industry should be considered.

JULY 14-15, 2022
The Effect of Covid-19 Pandemic among Private Security
Agencies: Basis for Enhanced Policies and Guidelines
Implementation
Benito G. Cubilo1 , Alfredo M. Joson2, Ceciel Jane B. Mallorca 3,

4
Noel R. Navigar
1
Institute of Graduate Studies (IGS), Philippine State College of Aeronautics
(PhilSCA), Villamor, Pasay City, Philippines
2
Asian Institute of Maritime Studies, Pasay Metro Manila
3
PhilSCA Alumni Association, Philippine State College of Aeronautics (PhilSCA),
4
Research and Development Center, Philippine State College of Aeronautics
(PhilSCA), Villamor, Pasay City, Philippines
Keywords: Airport Security, Pandemic, and Guidelines
The Covid-19 pandemic had affected all labor sectors in the aviation industry. One of
these labor sectors is the private security agencies hired by the airport authorities to
secure the facilities and as a force multiplier for the government. This research
evaluates the impact of the covid-19 epidemic on private security agencies as a
foundation for the establishment of revised regulations and standards. This study
collected data from ninety (90) participants from the three (3) terminals of Ninoy
Aquino International Airport (NAIA) utilizing the descriptive research method and a
survey questionnaire using a four-point Likert scale. In terms of safety, efficiency,
and support system, the participants in this research concur on the impact of the
CoViD-19 pandemic on the security staff of the chosen private security organizations
serving the aviation sector. Similarly, the participants rated the effectiveness of
implementing the government's policies and guidelines among the selected private
security agencies in terms of setting direction, communication, instruction,
collaboration, and shared leadership. The participants also agreed on the issues and
concerns faced by the private security agencies in implementing the government's
policies and guidelines in terms of organizational capacity, funds and resources,
coordination, and shared leadership.
Asian Development Bank (2021). COVID-19 impact on micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises under
the lockdown: evidence from a rapid survey in the Philippines. Retrieved from
https://www.adb.org/publications/covid-19-impact-msme-under-lockdown-evidence-rapid-survey-
philippines

JULY 14-15, 2022
Proposed Standard Public Transportation System of Civil

Aviation Authority of the Philippines Operated Airports
Jessalyn Mae A. Enriquez
Institute of Graduate Studies,

Philippine Stet College of Aeronautics, Pasay City Philippines
essaenriquez@gmail.com
Keywords: Airport Management; Public Transportation; Tourism
The Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines has the mandate of operating and
maintaining most of the national airports in the country as well as the prescription of
fees and charges for its operation, hence, this government agency establishes
guidelines for these transportation services. However, these guidelines are deemed
limited as the execution of controls to regulate airport public transportation are not
standardized. This study aims to standardize airport public transportation guidelines
and improve the CAAP Concession Manual. The recommendation will help the CAAP
to provide clean, safe and convenient transportation to the flying public and airport
employees. With this, the CAAP will be able to develop an effective and efficient
transport hub. A survey shall be conducted on the representatives of 14 transport
companies operating in chosen CAAP-operated airports and identify their perceived
level of adequacy on the existing transportation guidelines and their willingness to
pay fees and charges imposed.

AERONAUTICAL / AEROSPACE ENGINEERING 1
SESSION CHAIR: ENGR. LEMUEL BANAL
Kyle Gregory Devaras

Arvin Cabinatan
Aramis Millanes Jr.
An Exploration of Pineapple Leaf Fiber Bio Composite
3:30 Ira Christian Pepito
Frame on A 5” Freestyle Quadcopter Drone
Pherri Francx Siapoc
Glenn Caro
Warlito Caro
Genzel Marie Romero

Design of An Airport Noise Barrier with Piezoelectric Karl Edrick Sanvictores
3:45
Energy Generator Jorge Bautista
Virgilio Zacarias Jr.
Use of Numerical Simulations in Teaching Structural

4:00 Joefreim Delicano
Analysis of an I-Beam Structure
John Michael Rey

4:15 Usability of Drone for Banana Plantation
Noel Navigar
Leo Mendel Rosario
Hoverwaterblaster: High-Altitude Water Blasting

System using Collective Performance of Modified
4:30 Jaime Dominic Panelo
Axial Flow Compressor and Suction Mechanism for
Aerial Firefighting
Christian Cedric Hermida

Thessalonica Abarcia
AerodynamicX: Mobile-Based Aerodynamics
4:45 Leianne Margarette Reyes

Calculator using Dart Programming Language
Jose Aurea Mariella Tapic
Raynaldo Mongaya
Jeremy Bajado
Johnny Destacamento
Modeling and Simulation of a Proposed Model Rocket
5:00 Michelle Mendoza

Design
Edjie Galeos
Ferdinand Lazala
Design, and Static Structural Testing of a Modified

Luis Alfredo Avila
Rear Wing Rib Design inspired from Dragonfly Wings
5:15 Chan Mark Ayapana
versus Zodiac CH 601 HD Rear Wing Rib Design
Lyd Fedrix Tolentino
through the use of ANSYS Software
James Patrick Villela

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Analysis on the
John Patrick Salcedo

5:30 Application of Tubercle Technology on Ram Air
Mark Jimwell Cruz

Turbine Blades
Jemmil John Casabuena

Preliminary Analysis of the Aerodynamic and Noise
Anavelle Abugni
Characterization of Tyto furcata-inspired Scaled
Jamil Cuison Kenneth
5:45
Leading Edge Combs on Swept Wing Airfoils through
Gunigondo
SolidWorks Flow Simulation Jester Paye
A Facility Model for a Standardized Aircraft Design

Bryan Jake Amaro
6:00
Laboratory for Aeronautical Engineering Program Eunice Mareth Querol-Areola

JULY 14-15, 2022
An Exploration of Pineapple Leaf Fiber Bio Composite Frame on

A 5” Freestyle Quadcopter Drone
Kyle Gregory Devaras*, Arvin Cabinatan, Aramis Millanes Jr., Ira Christian
Pepito, Pherri Francx Siapoc, Glenn Caro, Warlito Caro
Philippine State College Of Aeronautics, MBEAB, Lapu-Lapu City, Philippines

*devaraslive@gmail.com

Keywords: Airport Management, Public Transportation, Tourism
The PALF frame is sustainable and organically produced material from Pineapple leaves.
Pineapple leaves are commonly used in textiles and other industries however, plenty go to
waste depending on demand. The focus of this study is to explore whether an FPV (First Person
View) freestyle Quadcopter drone frame made from Pineapple Leaf Fiber Reinforced
Composite is conceivable. The researchers intended to build the drone frame and test the 5”
drone through flight tests whether this new bio-composite material can withstand the
stresses associated with FPV Freestyle flying which involves high G, high-stress maneuvers,
and violent collisions with obstacles or the ground. Moreover, the researchers asked the local
FPV community with around 60 members in Cebu regarding their expectations regarding
frame durability aside from conducting the flight tests. The researchers have gathered data to
compare the PALF drone with the carbon fiber drone through the medium of conducting flight
tests in Cebu. The PALF bio-composite including the installation of parts weighs heavier than
the CBF (Carbon Fiber Frame). With both drones featuring the same components and tuning
except the frame, the PALF frame and drone were able to fly the duration of the testing, a total
of more than 5 hours, a substantial amount of time. The PALF frame and drone were able to
complete 94% of the 141 cycles performed. Similarly, the Carbon fiber frame and drone were
able to complete 96% of the attempted cycles. From the instances where the carbon fiber and
PALF frame crashed, both are able to perform similarly in terms of showing structural damage
that make the drone unflyable or not airworthy. Both frames were also able to perform
similarly in enduring high G or high acceleration and change of direction maneuvers with
peaks of upwards of 7 times the weight of the drones. Enduring these acceleration loads is a
key aspect of freestyle flying. Therefore, it is plausible to do a freestyle quadcopter drone
flying with a biocomposite PALF quadcopter drone.
Fig. 1. AFTS Main UI Window

JULY 14-15, 2022
Design Of An Airport Noise Barrier With Piezoelectric Energy
Generator
Genzel Marie T. Romero1 *, Karl Edrick DC. Sanvictores 1, Jorge P. Bautista 2,
2
Virgilio A. Zacarias Jr.
1
Department of Aeronautical Engineering and Aircraft Maintenance Technology,
College of Engineering, FEATI University, Manila, Philippines

2
Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, College of Engineering, FEATI
University, Manila, Philippines

*E-mail: genzelmarie.romero@myfeatiu.edu.ph
Keywords: piezoelectricity, noise, airport
Airports have been a source of concern for communities due to high noise levels
generated by aircraft within its vicinity which can be harvested and converted to
other forms of energy. This paper aims to design an airport barrier with a single-layer
piezoelectric generator to harvest airport noise and generate energy. 3D models of
the prototype will be made using SolidWorks. The product will be fabricated using
fiberglass, which has an octagonal shape with an “F” shaped base that will hold two
platforms, which contains the piezoelectric element and its circuitry. The circuitry of
the prototype will be simulated in NI Multisim and will be composed of a piezo-
transducer connected to a rectifier with silicon diodes that convert AC output of the
piezo-transducer to DC. The input noise levels for the simulation were taken within
5km radius of NAIA runways 06/24 and 13/31. Multimeter and an oscilloscope will be
used to observe the output such as the voltage and frequency, to determine if there
are errors such as a mismatch in impedance. The setup will include a function
generator that will vary the noise level and be translated through a speaker that is
placed in front of the circuit and connected to a multimeter and oscilloscope. The
results acquired from the actual tests will be compared from the simulation data.
The conclusions derived from the analysis will be used as inputs for improving the
prototype.

JULY 14-15, 2022
Use Of Numerical Simulations In Teaching Structural Analysis Of
An I-Beam Structure
Joefreim A. Delicano
Aerospace Engineering Department, School of Engineering and Architecture, Ateneo
de Davao University, Davao City, Philippines

E-mail: jadelicano@addu.edu.ph
Keywords: I-beam, FEA, aircraft structures
In this paper, the use of numerical simulations in teaching construction and analysis
of an I-beam structure will be discussed. SolidWorks program was used for the
modeling and structural analysis of an I-beam structure under predetermined
conditions. The results acquired from the FEA on the I-beam structure were
compared to a rectangular beam with the same cross-sectional area and conditions.
Moreover, values acquired from the simulations were verified using established
formulae from engineering mechanics. This method was later implemented under
the aerospace laboratory course for aerospace engineering students. Students were
asked to report the results of their simulations as well as observations on the
structural performance of the beams. Students were able to establish connections
between beam profile, moment of inertia and bending stiffness, which are often hard
to explain in traditional teaching methods. Further, students better appreciated
theories associated with I-beam structure and its application to aircraft structures.
With the ongoing pandemic and rapid advancements in computing, numerical
simulation programs can provide alternative avenues where students can learn
topics that are conventionally perceived to be challenging.

JULY 14-15, 2022
Usability of Drone for Banana Plantation
2 3
John Michael C. Rey* 1 , Ceciel Jane B. Mallorca, Noel R. Navigar,
4
1
Airworthiness Department, Flight Standards Inspectorate Service, Civil Aviation
Authority of the Philippines, Pasay City, Philippines;

2
PhilSCA Alumni Association, Philippine State College of Aeronautics, Pasay City,
Philippines;
3
Institute of Graduate Studies (IGS), Philippine State College of Aeronautics, Pasay
City, Philippines
*Email: johnmichaelrey@gmail.com
Keywords: Drones, usability, banana plantation
Bananas are cultivated over an estimated 350,000 hectares in the Philippines, or

roughly 3% of the country's total arable land. Banana plantations have risen in recent
years, demonstrating the horticulture crop's growing economic importance. This
study aims to use new technology like the drone sprayer for the banana plantation as
an alternative to agricultural sprayer aircraft. Banana farmers have been using
agricultural sprayers for the longest time. The method, however, is plagued by many
issues such as aircraft accidents resulting in injuries or loss of lives of pilots, high
maintenance costs, low yield due to uneven fertilizer spraying, and contamination of
fertilizers of nearby communities. In addition, research has shown that drones as a
precision tool in agriculture are very promising. This study aims to determine how
banana farmers can benefit from drone sprayers to increase their production output.
Based on the review of related literature, a survey questionnaire was developed and
distributed to participants in the banana plantations of the Davao region.
Participants were divided into three groups (small, medium, and large plantations)
and were asked to respond to the questionnaire. The responses showed that the
drone sprayer is usable for smaller plantation sizes. Participants also recommended
that the battery life of the drone sprayer should be improved for longer endurance.
AGRICULTURAL DRONES: Why a modern farmer needs a drone,
https://www.africasurveyorsonline.com/2020/07/21/agricultural-drones-why-a-modern-farmer-needs-a-
drone/
Josep Lluís Cano Giner et. al (2009) Framework for the analysis of executive information systems based on
the perceived usefulness and the perceived ease of use, doi:
https://www.intangiblecapital.org/index.php/ic/article/view/155
Yuna Seo and Shotaro Umeda (2021) Evaluating Farm Management Performance by the Choice of Pest-
Control Sprayers in Rice Farming in Japan, https://www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability

Ibrahim Naji (2019) The Drones' Impact On Precision Agriculture,
https://digitalcommons.utep.edu/open_etd
Allena Otto (2018) optimization approaches for civil applications of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or
aerial drones: A survey, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/net.21818

JULY 14-15, 2022
Hoverwaterblaster: High-Altitude Water Blasting System Using
Collective Performance Of Modified Axial Flow Compressor And
Suction Mechanism For Aerial Firefighting
Jaime Dominic Panelo
Holy Angel University, Angeles City, Pampanga;

Technological Institute of the Philippines, Manila;
Society of Aerospace Engineers of the Philippines National Chapter
E-mail: jimeepanelo@gmail.com
Keywords: Firefighting Drone; Water Blasting; Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
The research aims to design a water-blasting system that can be carried by an

aerodynamically-stable Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) to perform a high altitude
firefighting operation with long endurance. The problem arises when big firetrucks
could not penetrate through the alleyways to the fire scenes because the streets are
too narrow in most communities in many cities and provinces. The good criteria
therefore, to solve the aforementioned problem, are the principles of aerial
firefighting. It could also be the solution to high-rise building and forest fires.
Hoverwaterblaster is the unique system of suction and discharge of water for high-
hovering firefighting operation that enhances the compression ratio to blast water
out at a supersonic speed while resolving the pressure and friction losses due to
gravity, increasing altitude and, compressibility effects.
Fig. 1. Hoverwaterblaster Solidworks 3D Model

JULY 14-15, 2022
AerodynamicX: Mobile-Based Aerodynamics Calculator using
Dart Programming Language
Christian Cedric Hermida*, Thessalonica Abaricia, Leianne Margarette Reyes,
Jose Aurea Mariella Tapic, Raynaldo Mongaya
Aeronautical Engineering Department, Institute of Engineering and Technology,

*E-mail: christiancedrichermida@gmail.com
Keywords: Aerodynamics, Dart Programming Language, Layer parameters
(pressure, density, & temperature)
This work deals with the development of a mobile-based aerodynamics calculator

application that is capable of providing the values of the layer parameters, altitude,
and ratios crucial in solving aerodynamics problems. AerodynamicX was coded in
Android studio using the programming language Dart with Flutter to make the
calculator available for students and instructors who use Android and iOS mobiles
with a minimum RAM of 4GB and with 40 MB storage capacity. It can quickly calculate
the temperature, pressure, density, density ratio, and pressure ratio at a given
altitude; as well as the altitude for a certain parameter. The application addresses
the fact that solving for the values mentioned is tedious and prone to errors – more
often small ones. These careless errors could cause students to lose interest in the
course especially if they make slight errors numerous times. The aerodynamics
calculation module is used to provide users with parameter values they need in
which they can compare what they obtained in their hand calculation to assure them
that up until that point in their solution, they are still on the right track. The
application assists in computing values obtained from hand calculation and showed
less than a tenth of a percentage difference. The results of the product functionality,
technicality, accessibility, and mobile design are expressed by the Likert scale. Thus,
the AerodynamicX application is concluded to be suitable for use in the
Aerodynamics course of the aviation program.

JULY 14-15, 2022
Modeling and Simulation of a Proposed Model Rocket Design
Jeremy Bajado*, Johnny Destacamento, Michelle Mendoza, Edjie Galeos,
Ferdinand Lazala
Indiana Aerospace University, Lapu-Lapu City, Philippines

*E-mail: bajadojeremy2@gmail.com
Keywords: aerospace engineering, model rocket, rocket science
This work deals with the development of a mobile-based aerodynamics calculator

application that is capable of providing the values of the layer parameters, altitude,
and ratios crucial in solving aerodynamics problems. AerodynamicX was coded in
Android studio using the programming language Dart with Flutter to make the
calculator available for students and instructors who use Android and iOS mobiles
with a minimum RAM of 4GB and with 40 MB storage capacity. It can quickly calculate
the temperature, pressure, density, density ratio, and pressure ratio at a given
altitude; as well as the altitude for a certain parameter. The application addresses
the fact that solving for the values mentioned is tedious and prone to errors – more
often small ones. These careless errors could cause students to lose interest in the
course especially if they make slight errors numerous times. The aerodynamics
calculation module is used to provide users with parameter values they need in
which they can compare what they obtained in their hand calculation to assure them
that up until that point in their solution, they are still on the right track. The
application assists in computing values obtained from hand calculation and showed
less than a tenth of a percentage difference. The results of the product functionality,
technicality, accessibility, and mobile design are expressed by the Likert scale. Thus,
the AerodynamicX application is concluded to be suitable for use in the
Aerodynamics course of the aviation program.

JULY 14-15, 2022
Design, and Static Structural Testing of a Modified Rear Wing
Rib Design inspired from Dragonfly Wings versus Zodiac CH 601
HD Rear Wing Rib Design through the use of ANSYS Software
Luis Alfredo Avila*, Chan Mark Ayapana, Lyd Fedrix Tolentino

*E-mail: luisavila.aee@gmail.com
Keywords: Wing Rear Rib, Static Structural Testing, Simulation
This paper would focus on finding a suitable wing rear rib design that would be
derived from the wing structure of a dragonfly wing. Studies by Okamoto et.al (1996)
has shown that the structure of dragonfly wings characterize strong mechanical
properties along the intersection of the wing joints which are called nodes. These
nodes are then patterned from the wing cross sections created by Okamoto et.al
(1996)[1] shown in figure 1. The wing cross sections are then created through the use
of modelling software AutoDesk AutoCAD of which five distinct models were created.
These models were then exported to ANSYS simulation software where they were
subjected to tests on applied mass, equivalent stress, total deformation, and shear
stress. Results from the study have shown that the design of the researchers did not
exceed the mechanical properties of their control wing rear rib, but these same
results also show that the designed wing ribs also do not fail or yield in a static
structural perspective. The researchers conclude that this type of wing structure
cannot be applied with thick aerofoils and in aircraft that require high aerofoil
structural strength characteristics, but show promising results when applied to thin
airfoil sections that are used by gliders that may improve their structural strength or
other types of aircraft that require relatively low aerofoil structural strength
characteristics.
FIG. 1. Dragonfly wing cross sections.
[1] Okamoto, M., Yasuda, K., & Azuma, A. (1996). Aerodynamic characteristics of the wings and body of a dragonfly. Journal of Experimental
Biology, 199(2), 281–294. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.199.2.281

JULY 14-15, 2022
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Analysis on the
Application of Tubercle Technology on Ram Air Turbine Blades
James Patrick Villela*, John Patrick Salcedo, Mark Jimwell Cruz, Jemmil John
Casabuena
Philippine State College of Aeronautics, Pasay, Philippines

*E-mail: villelajamesso@gmail.com
Keywords: Tubercle Technology, Ram Air Turbine, Computational Fluid
Dynamics
Humpback whales are inherently mobile due to the tubercles on their flippers. The
effects of these tubercles have caught the curiosity of scientists which led to the
development of tubercle technology. Employing this technology on a lift producing
body has been proven to delay stall to a higher angle of attack, reduce wing tip
vortices, increase maximum lift, and decrease drag. The researchers applied
tubercle technology on the leading edge of an Airbus A320’s ram air turbine (RAT)
blade with Wortmann FX-6317 as its airfoil. The performance of the modified RAT
blade was analyzed by comparing it with the standard RAT blade. Both blades were
subjected to Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Analysis and numerical
computations. It was determined that at varying speeds, the modified RAT blade
produced a higher tip speed ratio and power coefficient compared to the standard
RAT blade. This indicates that the application of tubercle technology on the leading
edge provides a significant increase in the performance of a standard RAT blade.
Fig. 1. Modified Ram Air Turbine blade
[1] Fish, F. E., Weber, P. W., Murray, M. M., & Howle, L. E. (2011). The Tubercles on Humpback Whales’ Flippers: Application of Bio-Inspired
Technology. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 51(1), 203–213. doi:10.1093/icb/icr016

[2] Saad, M., Mohd, S., Zulkafli, M.F., Samiran, N.A., & Didane, D. (2021). CFD Simulation Study on the Performance of a Modified Ram Air Turbine
(RAT) for Power Generation in Aircrafts. https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids6110391

[3] Zhang, X., Ding, S., Du, F., Ji, F., & Guo, S. (2018). Numerical Simulation on Aerodynamic Performance of Ram Air Turbine Based on Mixed Flow
Field. Volume 7: Fluids Engineering. doi:10.1115/imece2018-88304

JULY 14-15, 2022
Preliminary Analysis of the Aerodynamic and Noise
Characterization of Tyto furcata-inspired Scaled Leading Edge
Combs on Swept Wing Airfoils through SolidWorks Flow
Simulation
Anavelle Abugni*, Jamil Cuison, Kenneth Gunigundo, Jester Paye

*abugni.elle@gmail.com

Keywords: Computation Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Software, Airfoil Noise,

Airfoil Aerodynamics
The study focuses on the effect of the incorporation of American Barn Owl (Tyto
furcata)-inspired combs on the leading of a NACA 65-(12)10 airfoil, more specifically
on its possible aerodynamic noise reduction. Measurements on the aerodynamic
performance and noise characterization was done through SolidWorks Flow
Simulation with two (2) main setups: a base airfoil as control and another with the
leading edge combs as the experimental, both designed and constructed in
AutoCAD. Both setups were subjected to angles of attack ranging from 0-25, and at
sweep angles of -10, 0, 10, and 20 reflecting typical referenced wing sweep of the
American Barn Owl. Aerodynamic performance measurements were limited to the
Lift and Drag forces with their coefficients while Noise measurements were done
through calculating the Acoustic Power and Acoustic Power Level at low-speed
subsonic application of low Reynolds number (Re < 200,000). It was found that there
is no significant difference with the aerodynamic performance of both setups, but
noise reductions due to the leading edge comb were only observed at a 10-degree
sweep at 6 and 12 degrees angle of attack. While noteworthy, data generated from
the study cannot replace quantitative measurements derived from a wind tunnel test
due to technical limitations and is only viable for a preliminary analysis of a design.

JULY 14-15, 2022
A Facility Model for a Standardized Aircraft Design Laboratory
for Aeronautical Engineering Program
Bryan Jake Amaro* 1 , Eunice Mareth Querol-Areola2
1
2
UST Angelicum College, Quezon City, Philippines
*E-mail: bjamaro@aliac.edu.ph
Keywords: Aircraft Design, Aircraft Design Facility, Aircraft Design
Laboratory
The CHED Memorandum Order 93 s2017 gives the Higher Education Institutions (HEIs)
the minimum requirement of tools and equipment in an Aircraft Design facility for
Aeronautical or Aerospace Engineering as an academic program. However, changes
due to technological advancements, innovations in teaching, and the evolution of the
course itself, the minimum requirements provided by the memorandum are no longer
enough. Furthermore, Annex III of the said Memorandum Order, in its professional
courses section suggests that Aircraft Design and a completely different course,
Aeronautical Laboratory, share the same facility. This practically proves that no
standard laboratory is allotted to the Aircraft Design course when it should have its
own facility. This study produced a recommendation of necessary tools and
equipment for a standard Aircraft Design facility that can be used by different
colleges and universities. Additionally, the researchers suggested a layout for such a
facility. The recommendation and model were derived from the observation of
various Aircraft Design facilities in the local and international settings and the
recommendations of subject matter experts and instructors of Aircraft Design.
Participants include college instructors, program chairpersons, and dean from
different state and private colleges offering the academic program in Metro Manila.
Open-ended, semi-structured interviews were done virtually with the use of the
Google Meet application due to the limitation imposed by the community quarantine.
Thematic and content analyses were used to flesh out eventual recommendations
from the obtained data.
Reference: CMO 37 s. 2012. (n.d.). Retrieved November 25, 2020, from https://ched.gov.ph/cmo-37-s-2012/

SESSION CHAIR: DR. ETHEL REYES CHUA
Ronald Cayaban
Development of Industry-Driven Internship Program Ceciel Jane Mallorca
3:30
in Aircraft Maintenance Noel Navigar
Leo Mendel Rosario
AeroChat: A Chat Application with Data Analytics for James Edward Flores
3:45 the Institute of Computer Studies in Philippine State Jules Christian Calamiong
College of Aeronautics Gabriel Galang
Sakiusa Tagicakibau
Godwin Anyasi
Maria Mikaela Aribon
The Challenges Of Transitioning From Online To Lorenzo Paez
4:00 Face-To-Face Classes On BS AMT Students Of PATTS Charlie Tui Jr.
College Of Aeronautics Jamel Myko Alba
Mark Magango
Jabes Isoli
Adrian Ace Mortel
Harold Toring
Nonita Legaspi
Ranel Benatiro
Validation of a Flying Competence Scale for aircraft
4:15 Maria Luz Cahayagan
pilots
Adriane Adaptar
Ronald Felix
Sylvester Cortes
Harold Toring
Giovanni Legaspi
Jerryford Omolon
Evaluation Of Students’ Satisfaction towards an Rodnie Amadeo
Adopted Learning Management System at Indiana Estrellita Amadeo
4:30
Aerospace University: A Structural Equation Queenie Opolentisima
Modelling Approach Vicente Barina
Truman Cacho
Flordeliza Illustrisimo
Sylvester Cortes
Harold Toring
Nonita Legaspi
A Structural Equation Modelling Approach In Ranel Benatiro
4:45 Evaluating Perceived Motivation Of Aviation Maria Luz Cahayagan
Technology Students In Using Flight Simulator Adriane Adaptar
Ronald Felix
Sylvester Cortes
Exit Competencies of Aircraft Maintenance

Maria Sonia Soquiat
5:00 Technology Students for Airframe and Powerplant
Dyan Ferrer
Courses

Gender and Development Mainstreaming Among
5:15 Charmagne Ilaban
Aviation Schools in Metro Manila: An Assessment
Shaina Glaiza Lapinig

January Salve Bongon
Challenges of Selected Composite Projects in the Frances Triscia Marie Camitan
5:30 Philippines: Basis for Aviation Research of Higher Michaela Gutierrez
Education Jalex Joyce Jondonero
Georgette Nunag
Leo Mendel Rosario
Ronnel Dela Cruz

Mikael Lubis
A Proposed Prototype of Runway Lights and Markings Aaron Joseph Macalintal
5:45
as Instructional Material Neil Gabriel Magnaye
Joshua James Manalo
Fritz Daryl Narvacan
George Nicole Medina

The Correlation Between Online Learning And Joshua Jared Mendez
6:00
Learning Motivation Of Aviation Students Jess Dominic Malabuyoc
Ciedrick Marasigan

JULY 14-15, 2022
Development of Industry-Driven Internship Program

in Aircraft Maintenance
Ronald S. Cayaban 1 , Ceciel Jane B. Mallorca 2, Noel R. Navigar 1,

1
1
Institute of Graduate Studies (IGS), Philippine State College of Aeronautics (PhilSCA),
2
PhilSCA Alumni Association, Philippine State College of Aeronautics (PhilSCA),
Keywords: Industry-Driven, Internship Program, Aircraft Maintenance
Traditional internship programs for aviation students do not assure employment, despite
satisfactory training performance of trainees. Besides this, there are gaps between aviation
schools' academic training and the industry's internship program. An industry-driven
engagement with the academe would enable an informal partnership to develop a curriculum-
to-career (C2C) program and a bridging activity in the internship course of the school. In this
study, an industry-driven internship program for aircraft maintenance in the form of a C2C
program will be developed for the student interns of aviation schools in partnership with
Aviation Technology Innovator’s Inc. (ATII). A 4-point Likert survey was conducted to
determine the participants' perceptions of their level of knowledge on basic maintenance
training provided by ATII to student interns and their level of implementation of their
obligations to the internship program regulations of the Commission on Higher Education
(CHED). The survey participants were eight (8) internship instructors from aviation schools,
while there will be seven (7) internship trainers and thirty-four (34) student interns from
industry-driven entities. Key informant interviews were performed to determine the
challenges and recommendations in implementing a C2C program between an aviation school
and an approved maintenance organization (AMO). Interviews were conducted with managers
from selected AMOs (ATII, Dornier Technologies, Air Asia Philippines, and A+), student interns,
internship instructors, and internship trainers. Thematic analysis was used to obtain the
different themes of the interview answers related to the implementation of a C2C program.
From the findings of the study, it was found that the participants are knowledgeable on the
basic maintenance training provided by ATII in terms of utilization of tools, basic safety
standard, and basic maintenance standard practices. Also, there was the complete
implementation of the internship program regulations of CHED in terms of each of the
obligations of student interns, internship instructors, and internship trainers. From the
interviews, level 1 and 2 certification trainings for student interns and internship instructors
were recommended to align with the internship programs of AMOs. Also, partnerships
between aviation schools and AMOs were recommended for the successful implementation of
C2C programs. The results of the study may be used as a sample memorandum of agreement
between an aviation school and AMO for a C2C program.
Ali, A., & Muhammad, A. K. (2018). Understanding the Role of Internship as an Activity Based Learning: A
Case Study. Journal of Education and Educational Development, 5(2), 92-106.

JULY 14-15, 2022
AeroChat: A Chat Application with Data Analytics for the
Institute of Computer Studies in Philippine State College of
Aeronautics
James Edward Flores, Jules ChristianCalamiong,Gabriel Galang,

Tricia Marie Langcauon, Alvin John Paz, Erlyn Yongque*

*erlynbyongque@gmail.com
Keywords: Distance Education, Web-Based Chat Application, Information
Communication and Technology (ICT)
Online communication tools represent an efficient method of supporting remote education

using web-based tools as the basic source of information. Several researchers (Ogega, 2018;
Razali et al. 2021), highlight the usage of social media platforms such as Facebook, WhatsApp,
WeChat, and Twitter as a platform for faculty-student communication. Nevertheless, despite
the supportive role of the aforementioned applications, it poses a significant risk and
challenge to their users (Ogega, 2018; Pang & Woo, 2020; Razali et al., 2021; Almaiah et al.
2020; Viju, 2021; Adedoyin & Soycan, 2020, p.4). AeroChat was developed and intended as a
resolution for the Institute of Computer Studies to enable safe and secure semantic
communication for SY 2020-2021. This study examines the relevance and effectiveness of
distant learning communication in the global network that continues to dominate the usage of
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). The study has applied ISO 25010
(System/Software Quality Requirements and Evaluation), with the standard factors namely;
Functional Suitability, Compatibility, Usability, Reliability, Security, Maintainability, and
Portability. Moreover, AeroChat was developed with an Agile-based methodology that can
provide a sustainable and high-quality software development life cycle. A qualitative
approach, purposive sampling technique, mean, and Likert scale (four-points) were employed
with a total sample size of 46 responded users, composed of 43.48 percent Bachelor of
Science in Aviation Information Technology students, 43.48 percent Bachelor of Science in
Aviation Information System students, 10.87 percent Faculty, and 2.17 percent Information
Technology experts. This study gathered a positive feedback and affirmation claiming that the
AeroChat - a web-based learning context decreases the possibility of unauthorized access
while providing a safe learning environment through profanity avoidance, user role and ban
management settings, group chat management (password protected, secret/hidden),
message character limit and flood control, log-in attempt limitation, and data analytics that
shows the engagement rate, session summary, browser used, and active users. Thus, this
study points out substantial and hopeful possibilities for the future of online education, and
upgrade online communication tools.
[1] Ogega, J. A. (2018, October). Social Media Usage And Its Effects On The Teaching Learning Process In
Secondary Schools In Nyamira North, Nyamira County, Kenya. Retrieved from
https://irlibrary.ku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/18922
[2] Razali, F., Jusoh, Z., Salleh Omar, A., & Azizan, N. (2021). Implementation of Anti-Profanity Words in
Mobile Application Platform. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 012026. Selangor,
Malaysia: IOP Publishing. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1062/1/012026

JULY 14-15, 2022
The challenges of transitioning from Online to Face-to-Face
classes on BS AMT students of PATTS College of Aeronautics
Sakiusa Tagicakibau*, Godwin Anyasi, Maria Mikaela Aribon, Lorenzo Paez,

Charlie Tui Jr., Jamel Myko Alba, Mark Magango, Jabes Isoli, Adrian Ace Mortel
1
PATTS College of Aeronautics, Paranaque City, Philippines

*E-mail: sakiusa.tagicakibau@patts.edu.ph
Keywords: Distance Education, Web-Based Chat Application, Information
Communication and Technology (ICT)
The past two years have proven that abrupt changes come with its fair share of
difficulties that has led all educational institutions to heavily rely on remote learning
for mode of instruction and assessments. Currently, various school institutions in the
Philippines are slowly shifting to new normal education. While most students are
relieved to go back to their universities, the transition is not that easy as there are a
lot of issues to be resolved before the classes can begin smoothly. The study focused
on the challenges faced by graduating BS Aircraft Maintenance Technology students
in their transition from online to face to face classes discovering feedback on
factors such as but not limited to current requirements, safety level, cost,
experience, and a chance for them to voice out possible suggestions that can
improve the current system in place. A 4-Point Likert scale was used to determine
the level of satisfactory of the student participants in the transition of online to
face-to-face classes. The participants of the study were 35 graduating students
from the BS AMT course of PATTS College of Aeronautics. The findings of the study
determined the areas for improvements in the transition of online classes to the
face-to-face classes. The result of the study will be used as basis for the
development of recommendations and action plan for the institution. This study will
be beneficial to the students, faculty, and administration in adapting to these
changes vital in ensuring that quality education and training is provided to PATTS
graduates. Further research is needed to identify other factors that would help
resolve the determined challenges.
References:
Bradley, E. H., An, M.-W., & Fox, E., (2020). Reopening colleges during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic—
one size does not fit all. JAMA Network Open, 3(7). https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.17838
Cahapay, M. B., (2021). Navigating the post-covid-19 era of 'next normal' in the context of Philippine Higher Education.
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3791769
Celeste, J. J., & Bongolan, V. P., (2021). School re-opening simulations with covid-19 agent-based model for Quezon City,
Philippines. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences,XLVI-
4/W6-2021,85–90.https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlvi-4-w6-2021-85-2021
Cleofas, J. V. (2020). Life interruptions, learnings and hopes among Filipino college students during COVID-19 pandemic.
Journal of Loss and Trauma, 26(6), 552–560. https://doi.org/10.1080/15325024.2020.1846443
Egcas, R. A., Oducado, R. M., Cleofas, J. V., Rabacal, J. S., & Lausa, S. M., (2021). After over a year of pandemic: Mental well-
being and life satisfaction of Filipino College students. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 29(4), 2401–
2416. https://doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.29.4.17
JULY 14-15, 2022
Validation of a Flying Competence Scale for aircraft pilots

1 1 1 1
Harold Toring , Nonita Legaspi , Ranel Benatiro , Maria Luz Cahayagan ,
1 1
Adriane Adaptar , Ronald Felix , Sylvester Cortes* 2
1
Indiana Aerospace University, Lapu-Lapu City, Philippines;
2
Cebu Technological University, Cebu City, Philippines;
*E-mail: sylvestertcortes@gmail.com
Keywords: aircraft pilot, flying competence, scale development
This study aims to validate a scale that evaluates the flying competence of aircraft
pilots. The scale was developed by pilots in an aerospace university and was
approved by the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines. To do so, the scale was
administered to 288 pilots holding different levels of licenses, from student to flight
instructor. The data obtained were subjected to sampling size adequacy test before
subjected to exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Since the sample was adequate, EFA
was performed and created a three-factor model. The factors or flying skills are
named instrument flight (Factor 1), basic attitude flying (Factor 2), and instrument
landing system (Factor 3). The model was confirmed utilizing the resulting values of
five goodness of fit indices (GFIs) generated by the confirmatory factor analysis.
However, only comparative fit index (0.817), Tucker–Lewis index (0.804), and
Standardized Root Mean Squared Residual (0.0474) resulted to values that fall within
the thresholds. Chi-square/df ratio (7.699) and RMSEA (0.153) have resulted to
undesirable values but these are affected by sample size and factor loading
specification, respectively. The three GFIs are already adequate to confirm that the
models is relatively good fit. The standardized factor loadings and composite
reliability of the factors were also excellent, thus, establishing convergent validity.
Also, the estimated average variance extracted of all factors provided evidence of
discriminant validity. Finally, the excellent Cronbach’s alpha was observed. In
conclusion, this scale is valid and reliable to evaluate the training performance of
pilots in flying an aircraft.

JULY 14-15, 2022
Evaluation of students’ satisfaction towards an adopted
learning management system at Indiana Aerospace University: A
Structural Equation Modelling Approach
1 1 1 1
Harold Toring , Giovanni Legaspi , Jerryford Omolon , Rodnie Amadeo ,
1 1 1 1
Estrellita Amadeo , Queenie Opolentisima , Vicente Barina , Truman Cacho ,
1
Flordeliza Illustrisimo , Sylvester Cortes* 2
1
Indiana Aerospace University, Lapu-Lapu City, Philippines
2
Cebu Technological University, Cebu City, Philippines
Keywords: learning management system, Nguyen’s LMS satisfaction
model, online learning

The global health crisis caused by COVID-19 has forced the closure of schools and
universities, and Philippine higher education institutions (HEIs) were never
exempted. Thus, migrating to online education with the help of learning
management system (LMS) has become an alternative solution. In this regard, this
study aims to evaluate students’ satisfaction towards BrightSpace, an adopted LMS
by Indiana Aerospace University, using Nguyen’s (2021) LMS satisfaction model, with
sex and year levels added as moderating variables. A total of 602 students from
different degree programs participated in an online survey deployed using Google
Forms. Structural equation modelling showed that system content, interaction, and
technology quality significantly and positively influenced students’ perceived
usefulness of the LMS, which subsequently led to their satisfaction. Results further
revealed that sex is a moderating variable that influences perceived usefulness of
the LMS in which higher level of perceived usefulness is observed among males over
females. Meanwhile, the effect of year levels or age to perceived usefulness is
partial. In conclusion, this study reveals the usefulness of the model in
understanding the factors that influence students’ satisfaction of an LMS.
Consequently, the results offer practical implications for practitioners in designing
and increasing LMS satisfaction to create a more effective learning environment.

JULY 14-15, 2022
A Structural Equation Modelling Approach In Evaluating
Perceived Motivation Of Aviation Technology Students In Using
Flight Simulator
1 1 1 1
Harold Toring , Nonita Legaspi , Ranel Benatiro , Maria Luz Cahayagan ,
1 1 2
Adriane Adaptar , Ronald Felix , Sylvester Cortes*
1
Indiana Aerospace University, Lapu-Lapu City, Philippines;
2
Cebu Technological University, Cebu City, Philippines;
Keywords: aircraft pilot, educational simulation, flight training
There has been a growing interest in using simulators in recent years across
different disciplines. In aviation or aerospace education, these are likewise gaining
attention as they are one of the required instructional infrastructures in flying
schools. In particular, flight simulators represent as one of the important educational
tools that allow students to assume the role of an aircraft pilot. However, these are
relatively new technology adopted in the Philippine flying schools, thus, studies
exploring Filipino students’ behavioral intention and immersion on their use are still
limited to none. Anchored on this tenet, this paper intends to report a pioneer
quantitative evaluation of aviation technology students’ motivation in using flight
simulator in an aviation school within the lens of Hedonic-Motivation System
Adoption Model. A total of 225 aviation technology students specializing in flying
participated in an online survey. The structural equation modelling showed that
perceived ease of use positively influences perceived usefulness, curiosity, joy, and
control over flight simulators. Further, perceived usefulness, curiosity, and joy have
significant positive relationship with students’ intention to use simulators. Finally,
curiosity, joy, and control have significant positive relationship with students’
immersion to simulators. In conclusion, these results indicate acceptance of flight
simulators as an educational tool to expedite the improvement pedagogy and
instruction.
85| 1ST PHILIPPINE AVIATION RESEARCH CONFERENCE 2022

JULY 14-15, 2022
Exit Competencies of Aircraft Maintenance Technology
Students for Airframe and Powerplant Courses
Maria Sonia Soquiat*, Dyan Y. Ferrer
Philippine State College of Aeronautics, Lipa City, Batangas, Philippines

*E-mail: soniamonte27@gmail.com
Keywords: core competency, Airframe and powerplant, Aircraft
Maintenance Technology
The study sought to assess the students’ core competency elements in terms of
Aircraft Maintenance and Technology knowledge and skills’ test. Moreover, it also
aimed describe the issues and concerns in achieving the said Aircraft Maintenance
Technology competencies. The world’s pressing problems seldom result from being
unable to read and write; they result from people across different cultures, races,
religions, and nations being unable to cooperate and address the world’s problems,
such as global warming, poverty, racism, international conflict, and war. The need of
the time has brought forth discourse around 21st Century competencies as a
response to the requisite of modern-day education. The subjects of this study were
the AMT faculty members of four campuses of Philippine State College of
Aeronautics and a total of 51 teacher-respondents participated in the research.
Mixed method type of research was utilized using both quantitative and qualitative
research. Data was treated as input in order for the SPSS to generate results, tables
and computed values. The results of the study revealed that the competency,
Materials & Processes got the highest mean of 3.14 followed by Airframe Inspection
with 3.07 and Cleaning & Corrosion Control with the mean of 3.06. Among the 15
competencies, Aircraft Electrical Systems got the lowest mean of 2.71, Engine
Instrument Systems 2.76 and Assembly & Rigging with 2.82. Knowledge on
demonstrating the ability to select and install a hydraulic seal, the ability to
troubleshoot an electrical system or portion thereof, using appropriate tools and or
test equipment, ability to inspect engine electrical or mechanical instrument system
and able to state how to inspect, maintain and install the aircraft electrical
components were found to have the lowest mean score among the fifteen core
competencies in Aircraft Maintenance Technology knowledge and skills.. Lastly, the
study proposed an action plan for Aircraft and Maintenance Technology students to
ease the challenges with the aim of improvement and possessing 21st century skills
in Aircraft Maintenance and Technology.
[1]Amt knowledge/skill test skill test standards aviation maintenance specialist (avionics rating).
Licensing and Certification Department, Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines, CAAP Form no.25-93,
revised January 2018

[2]Aircraft Maintenance. The Standard Handbook for Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineers, edited by
M. Davies, 18.1- 18.82. New York: McGraw Hill.

[3]Dirani K. M. and Kuchinke P (2011), Job satisfaction and organizational commitment: validating the
Arabic satisfaction and commitment questionnaire, testing the correlations, and investigating the effects
of demographic variables in the Lebanese banking sector, The International Journal of Human Resource
Management, 22, 5, pp 1180-1202

JULY 14-15, 2022
Gender and Development Mainstreaming Among

Aviation Schools in Metro Manila: An Assessment
Charmagne Ilaban
Philippine State College of Aeronautics, Piccio Garden, Villamor, Pasay City
Keywords: core competency, Airframe and powerplant, Aircraft
Maintenance Technology
Gender mainstreaming is a global strategy for promoting gender equality.

Mainstreaming a gender perspective is the process of assessing the implications for
women and men of any legislation, policy or program, according to the International
Labor Organization. It is supposed to apply in any area and at all levels the inclusion
of goals and strategies that address gender inequalities in the policies, programs
and services of every academic institution. The United Nations Millennium
Development Goal (MDG) 3 incorporates gender equality and women’s
empowerment perspective. Thus, all targets and indicators would be gender-
responsive and “sex-disaggregated”, enabling the concerns and experiences of
women as well as men, to be an integral part of the MDG process. One of
government’s priority programs focuses on gender and development which
examines the social, cultural, political and economic realities in the society. Efforts
to make gender concerns in the academe is focused on the advocacy, training and
capability-building, setting up institutional mechanisms and organizing gender and
development focal points. This study focuses on the gender and development
mainstreaming among aviation schools in Metro Manila. This aims to assess the
gender and development programs, projects and activities and the challenges that
affect the implementation of such programs, projects and activities. Summary result
of assessment of participants on the challenges affecting the implementation of
gender and development with general averagemeans of 2.94, 2.63 and 3.20
respectively that resulted to Agree on the assessment of challenges affecting the
implementation of gender and development with respect to program, project and
activities. Results on the significant difference on the assessment of participants on
the challenges affecting the implementation of gender and development is
significantly rejected on the program awareness and activities awareness. On the
other hand, project awareness ended not significantly accepted.

JULY 14-15, 2022
Challenges of Selected Composite Projects in the Philippines:

Basis for Aviation Research of Higher Education
Shaina Glaiza Lapinig* 1, January Salve Bongon 1 , Frances Triscia Marie Camitan 1
, Michaela Gutierrez 1, Jalex Joyce Jondonero1 , Georgette Nunag 1 ,
2
Leo Mendel Rosario
1

2
Pasay City, Philippines;

*E-mail: shainalapinig@gmail.com
Keywords: Composite Projects, Aviation Research, Higher Education
Composites are being used in various industries, from consumer electronics to

aeronautics and space exploration. But with the number of composite material
researchers, multiple problems still arise on their ends that hinder the productivity
of a study. Identifying these problems would help future researchers be more
cautious about the possibility of the same complications. Thus, this study aims to
determine the challenges faced by composite material researchers in the
Philippines. The results can be used as the basis for aviation research in higher
education institutions. Online key informant interviews were conducted with
researchers from academic institutions and government agencies. The interview
questions were based on the population, exposure, and outcome (PEO) framework.
The common challenges were the absence of composite simulations and limited
composite characterization devices. Thus, the data gathered will enlighten future
researchers on problems encountered during the implementation of composite
projects.
Mohanty, A. K., Vivekanandhan, S., Pin, J-M., & Misra, M. (2018). Composites from renewable and sustainable
resources: Challenges and innovations. Science, 362(6414), 536–542. doi:10.1126/science.aat9072

JULY 14-15, 2022
A Proposed Prototype of Runway Lights and Markings as
Instructional Material
Ronnel M. Dela Cruz , Mikael

1
C. Lubis, Aaron Joseph Macalintal, Neil Gabriel B.
Magnaye, Joshua James D. Manalo, Fritz Daryl
1
O. Narvacan

Keywords: Runway lights, Markings, Prototype, Instructional material
Airfield
This study assessed the prototype model of runway lights and markings as an
instructional tool. Selected subject instructors evaluated the prototype along with
other 66 students. The study identified the profile of the respondents in terms of age
and sex and assessed the effectiveness of the prototype to the first-year students
and to the instructors as an additional teaching material. The study followed
descriptive method of research in order to assess the proposed prototype of runway
markings and lights. A standard questionnaire, utilizing a semantic differential scale,
was used as an instrument in gathering relevant data. The results were subjected to
tabular analysis such as frequency and percentage distribution and weighted mean
scores. The results showed excellent performance based on the rating from both the
technical instructors and students due to its good quality and accurate position of
runway lights and markings in comparison to the standard runway.
[1] Airport Categories. (n.d.).

Retrieved May 12, 2021 from https://www.flightliteracy.com/airport-categories/
[2] Airport Lighting Aids. (n.d.). Retrieved
May 12, 2021 from https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/atpubs/aim_html/chap2_section_1.html
[3] Airport Marking Aids and Signs. (n.d.). Retrieved May 12, 2021 from
https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/atpubs/aim_html/chap2_section_3.html
[4] Airport Visual Aids Research. (2012). Retrieved May 12, 2021 from
https://www.icao.int/SAM/Documents/VISUALAIDS.11/2_FAA%20NEW%20TECHNOLOGIES_AL.pdf

JULY 14-15, 2022
The Correlation between Online Learning and

Learning Motivation of Aviation Students
George Nicole Medina*, Joshua Jared Mendez,

Jess Dominic Malabuyoc, Ciedrick Marasigan
AISAT, Davao City Philippines

Keywords: online learning, learning motivation, Philippines
The main purpose of this study was to determine the significant relationship
between online learning and learning motivation of students. The respondents of this
study were one hundred BSAMT, BSAET, BSAVM, and BSEMC students currently
enrolled in an Aeronautical School, First Semester of the Academic Year 2021-2022.
Stratified random sampling was utilized to identify the sample size. A quantitative,
descriptive, non-experimental design using correlational technique was applied to
this study. Adapted questionnaires were used in gathering the data which were
modified to formulate a contextualized questionnaire that fits in the local setting.
Mean and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient or Spearman rho were the
statistical tools employed in analyzing and interpreting the data. Results revealed
that online learning was reflected as very high and learning motivation among
students was also very high. There is a significant relationship between online
learning and learning motivation among students
[1] Airport Categories. (n.d.).

Retrieved May 12, 2021 from https://www.flightliteracy.com/airport-categories/
[2] Airport Lighting Aids. (n.d.). Retrieved
May 12, 2021 from https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/atpubs/aim_html/chap2_section_1.html
[3] Airport Marking Aids and Signs. (n.d.). Retrieved May 12, 2021 from
https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/atpubs/aim_html/chap2_section_3.html
[4] Airport Visual Aids Research. (2012). Retrieved May 12, 2021 from
https://www.icao.int/SAM/Documents/VISUALAIDS.11/2_FAA%20NEW%20TECHNOLOGIES_AL.pdf

AMT 2
SESSION CHAIR: ENGR. REYNALDO ROCA
Ellain Batalla
Mica Jenine Bilog
Coir as a Proposed Alternative Composite Francis Elden Carreon
8:00
Material for Synthetic Fiber Jerome Castillo
Leonardo Castromero Jr.
Fritz Daryl Narvacan
Jonathan Corales
Al Heaven Escasinas
8:15 3d Gas Turbine Engine (Turbofan) Prototype Mhiekey Leonor
Justine Kyle Manzanero
Clarence Kawit
Danica Marie Jasmin

Multibody analysis of the applied patterns in Cessna
Dan Nodado
8:30 172-M engine accessory gearbox indicating the
Jehezekiel Paguio
aircraft vibrations
Kim Sappayani
Green synthesis and characterization of aluminum Imee Nicolle Perez

oxide nanoparticles (Al203Nps) using Ipomoea Jan Andrei Espineli
9:00
aquatica (kangkong) leaves extract for corrosion Rev Xavier Cruz
protection of aircraft bolts Divine Mae Magangan
Airene Caraig
Reymond Cueto
Development of Natural Hybrid Composite (NHC)
Justine Elin
9:15 Using Banana Frond, Bamboo, And Cassava Peel for
Mark Anthony Malabanan
Aircraft Materials.
Jerell Onte
Fritz Daryl Narvacn
Learning Style of Aircraft Maintenance Technology Madelyn Beltran

9:30 Students in the 21st Century Challenges of Global Arvelyn Espejo
Pandemic Jamaica Pamintuan
Justin Oscar Mosones

John Miguel De Castro
Factors Affecting the Employability of Bachelor of
Harold Bernabe
Science in Aircraft Maintenance Technology
9:45 Christopher Perfecio, Francis
Graduates of PhilSCA-Basa Campus: An Exploratory
Angelo Yco
Study on Aviation Industry Employers
Mercy Guinto
Mitzi C. Gutierrez
Duane M. Baura
Darwin Baura
Sheet Metal Corrosion Rate: Use Of Non-Aviation Vince Duane Luceres
10:00
Anti-Corrosion Products Arden Karlo Obsanga
Andrei Iain Pedroza
Kyle Montalbo

JULY 14-15, 2022
Coir as a Proposed Alternative Composite

Material for Synthetic Fiber
Ellain A. Batalla, Mica Jenine I. Bilog, Francis Elden M. Carreon, Jerome C.
Castillo, Leonardo B. Castromero Jr. Fritz Daryl O. Narvacan

Keywords: Coir, Alternative, Reinforcing material
This study focused on testing if the coir fiber can be an alternative reinforcing
material to fiberglass. This study was conducted on Tambo Lipa, Batangas during the
school year 2021-2022. The study employed quantitative experimental research
design. Several tests were made to different samples to compare on how the
materials will react from different types of tests, and to compare if the properties
and characteristics of the materials are close to each other. Computations was made
for every test to have a specific number of results to compare. The strength, kinetic
energy, and strength-to-weight ratio of each sample was calculated. The study
revealed that researchers were able to make a sample that almost has the same
property as the composite material with fiberglass as the reinforcing material. In
addition, the only difference of two different types of samples are their weight.
Flexibility wise, the coir fiber is more flexible than the fiberglass but the fiberglass
provides greater amount of weight resistance in this matter. Thus, the study
recommended that coir fiber can be an alternative to fiberglass in some instances on
where it will be going to be used. The coir fiber will also be needing to use some
processing machine to enhance its strength and make the procedure a lot easier.
[1] Adeniyi, (2019). A review of coir fiber reinforced polymer composites. Composites Part B: Engineering,
176, 107305. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107305

[2] Ali, M. (2016). Use of coconut fibre reinforced concrete and coconut-fibre ropes for seismic-resistant
construction. Materiales de Construcción, 66(321), e073. Retrieved from
https://doi.org/10.3989/mc.2016.01015
[3] Bledzki, A. K., & Zhang, W. (2001). Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Natural Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy
Foams. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 20(14–15), 1263–1274. Retrieved from
https://doi.org/10.1106/5pe2-8mnk-mtb5-k2d3

JULY 14-15, 2022
3d Gas Turbine Engine (Turbofan) Prototype
Jonathan P. Corales, Al Heaven C. Escasinas, Mhiekey T. Leonor, Justine Kyle

R. Manzanero, Clarence V. Kawit

Keywords: 3D Printing, Visual learning, Turbine engine
3D printing is a process of making three dimensional solid objects from a digital file.
It is being achieved by using additive processes. It enables you to produce complex
shapes using less material than traditional manufacturing methods. A 3Dmodel holds
a prototype in your hands in a matter of days instead of weeks. 3D printing is
inexpensive rapid prototyping which creates personalized or desired items and
manufactures with minimum waste. 3d printed tools are useful and have widespread
availability as well as further development that will be more useful in the future,
especially as an instructional tool for technical schools. 3D printed tools provide
students with opportunities to experiment with ideas, expanding and growing their
knowledge. It is not easy to have students figure things out without the benefit of
visualization. A visual learning environment improves their understanding of the
world, being able to touch and see. 3D printed tools open up new opportunities for
presenting information to young students in an economical and efficient manner.
The evidence is clear that the perceived information of 3d printed gas turbine
engine’s quality based on the respondents shows that the project delivers a distinct
and reliable information in a matter of teaching and learning in which education for
both students and instructors will be exercise.
[1] Using 3D Print Models in the Classroom (n.d) Retrieved from:

https://poorvucenter.yale.edu/strategicresources-digital-publications/instructional-tools/using-3d-
print-models-classroomM
[2] University of Texas (2016). How Can 3D Printers Be Used for Educational Purposes?
Retrieved from: https://academicpartnerships.uta.edu/articles/education/how-can-3d-printers- be-
used-for-educational-purposes.aspx

JULY 14-15, 2022
Multibody Analysis of the Applied Patterns in Cessna 172-M

Engine Accessory Gearbox indicating the Aircraft Vibrations
Danica Marie Jasmin, Dan Nodado, Jehezekiel Paguio, Kim Sappayani

*E-mail: jasdanicm22@gmail.com
Keywords: Aircraft Vibration, Acoustics, Simulation Analysis
In aviation industry, vibration can be considered as an important parameter to judge

the safety, integrity, and efficiency of an engine installation in any aircraft, yet this
specific aspect does not receive enough observance as it is not that crucial for
safety since flight can still operate with high vibration frequency present. This study
aims to assess the vibration levels of a Cessna 172 M engine altogether with its Aveo
Lycoming O320-E2D engine and detect how different parameters, such as the load
and the engine generated power at minimum to maximum rpm, can contribute
severely on vibration frequency of the aircraft. Procured in this study is a monitoring
of the vibratory behavior of the aircraft, essential to avoid faults and increase its
reliability. Due to the ongoing crisis where the resources are much limited compared
in the normal situation, a multibody analysis is another way of finding a fault in
engine analysis without the presence of physical materials. Creating a geometrical
figure of a designated model and generating simulations or meshing it in a software,
any contributing factors to engine vibration can be clearly analyzed. This work
presents a methodology for large-scale vibration monitoring and analysis, which may
contribute to aircraft engines, based on a Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The analysis
of these data conducted through a series of meshing and simulation would lead to
the study’s conclusion on the found results, as well as the possible recommendations
for future studies and gearbox designs. These data may majorly contribute to the
aviation field positively.

JULY 14-15, 2022
Green Synthesis and Characterization of Aluminum Oxide

Nanoparticles (Al203Nps) using Ipomoea Aquatica (Kangkong)
Leaves Extract for Corrosion Protection of Aircraft Bolts
Imee Nicolle Perez*, Jan Andrei Espineli, Rev Xavier Cruz,

Divine Mae Magangan
Institute of Engineering and Technology (InET),
*E-mail: imeeperez10@gmail.com
Keywords: green synthesis, aluminum oxide nanoparticles, Ipomea
aquatica
Biosynthesis is a growing field of study focusing on cleaner, safer, and cheaper ways
to produce metals and metal oxides at a nanoscale for various practical applications.
This research aims to demonstrate the feasibility of Ipomea aquatica, locally known
as kangkong, as a reducing agent for synthesizing aluminum oxide nanoparticles and
assess its potential application as a corrosion inhibitor for aircraft bolts. Al2O3
nanoparticles exhibit good corrosion resistance which can be utilized as a safer
alternative coating system for aircraft bolts and other aircraft primary structures
which are susceptible to stress corrosion cracking. An experiment was conducted to
determine the optimal concentration of aluminum nitrate when used as a precursor
salt along with Ipomea aquatica extract as a reducing agent. Green synthesis was
performed in three setups with varying amounts of aluminum nitrate (0.5M, 0.1M, &
0.15M) and a constant amount of Ipomea aquatica extract. Characterization was
conducted via UV-Vis spectroscopy which measured the absorption peak of the
samples wherein peak values of below 250 nm confirmed the presence of AL2O3
nanoparticles. Results of the UV-Vis showed that the sample with 0.15M of aluminum
nitrate had a noticeable absorption peak of 243.50 nm indicating the formation of
AL2O3 nanoparticles. The experiment serves as proof that Ipomea aquatica can be
used to produce Al2O3 nanoparticles which in turn can be applied into aircraft bolts
as an environmentally safe corrosion inhibitor.
Fig. 1. Synthesized aluminum oxide nanoparticles in liquid form
[1] Jain, P., Patidar, B., & Bhawsar, J. (2020, March 2). Potential of Nanoparticles as a Corrosion Inhibitor: A
Review. Journal of Bio- and Tribo-Corrosion, 6, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40735-020-00335-0

[2] Khan, R., Hoque, S. M., Hossain, K. F. B., Siddique, A. B., Uddin, K., & Rahman, M. (2020). Green synthesis
of silver nanoparticles using Ipomoea aquatica leaf extract and its cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity
assay. Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews, 13(4), 305-315. https://doi.org/10.1080/17518253.2020.1839573

JULY 14-15, 2022
Development of Natural Hybrid Composite (NHC) Using Banana
Frond, Bamboo, And Cassava Peel for Aircraft Materials
Airene Caraig, Reymond Cueto, Justine Elin, Mark Anthony Malabanan, Jerell
6
D. Onte, Fritz Daryl O. Narvacan

Keywords: Hybrid, Banana frond, Bamboo, Cassava peel, Aircraft
materials
This research focused to develop a new eco-friendly hybrid natural composite using
natural fibers from banana frond, bamboo, and cassava peel for aircraft materials
manufacturing. The natural fibers from banana fronds, bamboos, and cassava peels
are extracted through chemical extraction to eliminate the water content from the
fibers. Also, this article provides mechanical properties of the test samples of this
study through mechanical testing of samples in Department of Science and
Technology – Forestry and Research Development Institute DOST-FRDI at University
of the Philippines – Los Banos (UPLB) – One Lab. This article gives accurate data in
the hybrid composite’s mechanical properties test results, specifically, its flexural
strength, tensile strength, and water absorption percentage. The test samples have
a natural fiber weight variation of 60B:25B:15CP; 40B:25BF:35CP; and 25B:45BF:30CP
which undergoes in tensile strength test, flexural test, and water absorption test
using ASTM D143 for composite material testing. The test result obtained in tensile
strength test of the natural composite material was the 25B:45BF:30CP exhibiting
8.53 average Mpa. Also, sample 3 25B:45BF:30CP attained the highest average result
in flexural strength test with average value of 24.76 Mpa. Lastly, the least water
absorption percentage was the sample 2 40B:25BF:35CP that has 1.11% of water
absorption in twenty-four (24) hours. It was observed that the hybrid natural
composite materials tested is efficiently applicable in various structural, industrial,
and aeronautical applications.
[1] Mafuthian, B. (2017). Evaluasi Pembelajaran Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus (Abk) Di Kelas Inklusifdi Sd Plus
Darul ‘Ulum Jombang. 5 (2). 203-205. Retrieved from: https://core.ac.uk/reader/48371382949 Polyester
Composites. 14 (3). 122-123. Retrieved from ttps://www.boatdesign.net/attachments/fiberglass-strength-
tests-pdf.148849/
[2] Rahma R.S., Suheni, Amir, B., & Chanim, H. (2018). Sintesis Komposit Kampas Rem Bebas Asbes
Berpengguat Serbuki Kulit Singkong. 3(22018). 91-93. Retrieved from
https://doi.org/10.21070/r.e.m.v3i2.1614

JULY 14-15, 2022
Learning Style of Aircraft Maintenance Technology Students in

the 21st Century Challenges of Global Pandemic
Madelyn Beltran*, Arvelyn Espejo, Jamaica Pamintuan
Philippine State College of Aeronautics (PhilSCA) – Basa Air Base (BAB) Campus
*E-mail: beltran.madelyn31@gmail.com

Keywords: Effects, pandemic, Online Class, AMT students, School,
This research paper describes the effects of the coronavirus pandemic and
suggested other coping methods and safety guidelines when these kinds of disasters
happen. The researchers used the IPO format or the input process output to show
the process in conductinresearchingctonf Coronavirus pandemthe ic. This IPO model
is a widused used approach in system analtoer to describe the structure of an
information processing program or another process. The researchers used
quantitative descriptive research methods and frequency distribution was utilized to
obtain the percentage of the employees. The researchers used an online survey
questionnaire produced in Google forms and printed questionnaires as the primary
source of information in this research. From the 100 employees of Omni Aviation
Corporation that are selected by the researchers, 62 of the employees were able to
answer the questionnaires. The researcher identified the demographic profile of the
respondents, they also learn the safety protocol adjustment of the company based
on the JATF Safety Guidelines, and lastly the effects of the pandemic on the
operation of the company.

JULY 14-15, 2022
Factors Affecting the Employability of Bachelor of Science in
Aircraft Maintenance Technology Graduates of PhilSCA-Basa
Campus: An Exploratory Study on Aviation Industry Employers
Justin Oscar P. Mosones, John Miguel P. De Castro, Harold Bernabe*,

Christopher D. Perfecio, Francis Angelo E. Yco, Mercy P. Guinto, Mitzi C.
Gutierrez

Aeronautics (PhilSCA) – Basa Air Base (BAB) Campus
*haroldbernabe0@gmail.com

Keywords: PhilSCA, graduate tracer study (GTS), skills, competencies,
employability
This study is about the reason why graduate students from the Philippines State
College of Aeronautics chose to diverge into different careers. The researchers' goal
is to know what factors affect them to diverge. The 4th year students who graduated
from the batch of 2018-2019 are the selected respondents that the researchers
chose to analyze. The researchers aim to investigate effective engagement
strategies to know the reason that may help future students to be prepared and
avoid diverging into different careers after they graduate. The researchers use the
descriptive quantitative method in this study and they use descriptive quantitative
numerical interpretation. They also used survey questionnaires (Google Form) to
gather data, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) is also used to determine
whether there is any statistically significant relationship between the means of two
or more independent (unrelated) groups. This study revealed that among the three
factors that the researchers presented, financial is the reason that affects them to
diverge into different careers. This study recommends that upcoming graduates
should put into their minds the priorities like joining the aviation industry which can
help the student’s career choices and not diverge into different careers. This will
make a positive impact on the world and there are excellent career opportunities in
the aviation industry.
References:
Stewart, Derek; Young, John P.; Wulle, Bernard; and Kirschner, Jennifer, (2013) "Integrating Disabled
Individuals into the Aviation Industry"

edX team, (July 10, 2018) Edx Survey Finds that about 1/3 of Americans ages 25-44 have completely
Changed Fields Since Starting their First Job Post-college.

Formplus Blog, (2020), Descriptive Research Designs: Types, Examples & Methods
Hamed Taherdoost. 2016 Validity and Reliability of the Research Instrument; How to Test the Validation of
a Questionnaire/Survey in a Research. International Journal of Academic Research in Management
(IJARM), , 5. ffhal-02546799f
JULY 14-15, 2022
Sheet Metal Corrosion Rate: Use of Non-Aviation Anti-Corrosion

Products
Duane M. Baura*, Darwin M. Baura, Vince Duane P. Luceres, Arden Karlo K.
Obsanga, Andrei Iain M. Pedroza, Kyle C. Montalbo
Philippine State College of Aeronautics, Lapu-Lapu City, Philippines

*E-mail: duanebaura123@gmail.com
Keywords: Non-aviation products, aviation sheet metal, corrosion rate
The major contributors to the corrosive deterioration of sheet metals are hostile
environmental factors and climatic conditions. This is a continued challenge for
2approved maintenance organizations in Lapu-Lapu City, Cebu, an island city in the
Philippines where the air is mostly moist and hot. This study measures the corrosion
rates of aircraft sheet metals coated with non-aviation anti-corrosive products WD-
40, Shercar, and Mineral Oil. The Corrosion Rates were calculated using the corrosion
rate formula Rcorr(mm/yr) =87.6(W/DAT) and the P values were determined using
SPSS 21 statistical tool software. The aircraft sheet metal with a Wd-40 coating had a
corrosion rate status of 35.89% at the first timepoint and 42.99% at the second
timepoint. The aircraft sheet metal with a Shercar coating had a corrosion rate
status of 44.74% at the first timepoint and 63.14% corrosion rate at the second
timepoint. Lastly, the aircraft sheet metal with a Mineral Oil coating had a corrosion
rate status of 98.73% at the first timepoint and 94.71% at the second timepoint. The
test subject materials coated with different non-aviation anti-corrosive products
have yielded varying results, with WD-40 being the most effective product in
mitigating the corrosion rate of aircraft sheet metal in both shorter and longer
durations of the experiment, followed by Shercar, then Mineral Oil. The findings align
with previous researches on WD-40’s effect to aluminum and aluminum alloys.
Further analysis on the effects of WD-40 on aircraft sheet metal is recommended.
Prabhu, S. (2020). Aviation Coatings for Corrosion Prevention.
https://www.corrosionpedia.com/2/1823/industries/transportation/aviation-coatings-for-corrosion-
prevention
Roncagliolo Barrera, P., & Rodriguez-Gomez, F. J. (2018). Electrochemical Evaluation of WD-40 Oil as
Temporary Protection with Additions of Natural Compounds as Inhibitors in Cast Iron. ECS Transactions,
84(1), 139–147. https://doi.org/10.1149/08401.0139ecst

AVIATION TOURISM 2
SESSION CHAIR: CRISLYNN DEL CASTILLO
VICE CHAIR: ASUNCION FILLE
Hannah Nakamura
Alleah Cosme
Influence of skills acquired through education on
Shairine Nilo
job mismatches: an analysis of aviation tourism
8:00 Vanessa Patricio
graduates of philippine state college of aeronautics
Frances Ubana
batch 2017-2018 and 2018-2019
Asuncion Fille
Melly Anne Oliveros

Kathlene Joy Dela Cruz
Airport service quality dimension on tourist
Zygrhid Anne Catimbang
8:15 experience and impression during covid-19
Charesh Camarillo
pandemic at terminal 4
Asuncion Fille
Nixie Sheena Angoya

Monica Bobis
Maricel Macinas
Evaluating the passenger experience in new normal
8:30 Christine Joy Rafanan
health and Safety measures on naia terminal 3
Allana Jean Rutor
Ricardo Fajardo
Roque Jurilla
Jane Pearl Brioso
Shaine Patricia Manlapaz
The Role of Air Transportation in Food Tourism of
9:00 James Airrol Opeña
Barangay 183, Pasay City
Marcelino Tupas Jr.
Asuncion Fille
Ronald Acejo
Oliver James Aabac
The Effects of the Flight Attendants Gender Identity Ian Mikhaella Andres
9:15 to the Airline Passengers of Cebgo at Ninoy Aquino Arvie John Bugayong
International Airport, Terminal 4 Elia Marie Soriano
Gray Japeth Gelbolingo

JULY 14-15, 2022
Influence Of Skills Acquired Through Education On Job
Mismatches: An Analysis Of Aviation Tourism Graduates Of
Philippine State College Of Aeronautics Batch 2017-2018 And
2018-2019
Hannah Nakamura*, Alleah Cosme, Shairine Nilo, Vanessa Patricio, Frances

Ubana, Asuncion Fille, John Kennedy Villanueva
Philippine State College of Aeronautics, Pasay City,

Philippines;*nakamura.hannahreina@gmail.com

Keywords: aviation tourism, skills acquired, job mismatch
One of the most important requirements for obtaining a job is education. Depending on the
type of degree obtained, education provides and improves job-related skills. The current study
sought to examine the impact of aviation tourism program skills on graduates' job mismatches
in the years 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 at the Philippine State College of Aeronautics. The study
concludes that the skills acquired through education have no bearing or no significant
relationship on the job mismatch of aviation tourism graduates. Additionally, Aviation Tourism
graduates were satisfied with the skillsets provided by the program in terms of soft skills and
hard skills. According to the graduates, the program's strengths are the variety of lessons
offered, the number of courses (subjects) offered, student workload, teaching facility,
interdisciplinary learning, research capacity, and industry links. The program's weaknesses are
its facilities and labor market relevance/labor market adaptability. There are more ended up
job-mismatched than matched and based on the graduates' perspectives, better facilities and
classroom amenities, hands-on and actual activities both in Aviation and Tourism industies,
more training and laboratory classes for physical engagement-based learning, hospitality and
general administration courses; and improve certain courses that focus on prowess or
capabilities can be developed as a plan to address the job-skills mismatch. The data collected
using Tertiary Education Commission (TEC) Graduate Tracer Study 2011 survey and interview
guide was analyzed using Regression Analysis by Lauron et al. (2019). As a result, while the
Aviation Tourism course at the Philippine State College of Aeronautics offers a wide range of
subjects aligned with the tourism and aviation industries, there are strengths and weaknesses
that need to be developed and added to prevent students from being mismatched for jobs
based on their acquired skill sets. According to Barbacena et al. (2021), human resource
requirements have been established in the industrial route for the advancement of graduates'
knowledge, skills, and attitudes, which are required for job readiness. Higher Education's (HE)
role is to educate individuals; education provides individuals with a competitive advantage in
order to be socially developed in a sustainable manner. The development of relevant job skills
and knowledge is encouraged by strengthening the programs.

JULY 14-15, 2022
Airport service quality dimension on tourist experience and

impression during covid-19 pandemic at terminal 4
Melly Anne Oliveros, Kathlene Joy Dela Cruz, Zygrhid Anne Catimbang,
Charesh Camarillo, Asuncion Fille, John Kennedy VILLANUEVA


*oliveros.mellyanne.alcantara@gmail.com
Keywords: Service quality, tourism experience, service dimension
This Research aim to know if there are any changes within the empathy,
responsiveness, tangibility, assurance and reliability within the Terminal 4 of the
2Ninoy Aquino International Airport during covid-19 pandemic and researchers are
about to assess and determine the following experiences of tourists considering the
Service Quality Dimension of Terminal 4’s staff as well as its facility. As for
determining whether tourists and passengers have a good or bad impression, certain
issues and situations will be told. The study used to accomplish this from 250 tourists
and passengers who travel during pandemic at the said terminal. The data was
collected through an online survey. Researchers will use a non-probability sampling
which is Convenience Sampling. The findings of this study will help terminal
administrators and local tourism authorities to identify the important service
dimensions in the airport, also to improve and boost the reputation and credibility of
the terminal and to understand the impact of each service dimension on the
impression and experience a tourists and passengers. The findings will also serve as
a guide for future studies on the relationship between different service quality
dimensions in the airport industry because airport environment has been shown to
be very influential in shaping Tourist Impression and Experience of airport service
quality dimension.
Prabhu, S. (2020). Aviation Coatings for Corrosion Prevention.
https://www.corrosionpedia.com/2/1823/industries/transportation/aviation-coatings-for-corrosion-
prevention
Roncagliolo Barrera, P., & Rodriguez-Gomez, F. J. (2018). Electrochemical Evaluation of WD-40 Oil as
Temporary Protection with Additions of Natural Compounds as Inhibitors in Cast Iron. ECS Transactions,
84(1), 139–147. https://doi.org/10.1149/08401.0139ecst

JULY 14-15, 2022
Evaluating the Passenger Experience in New Normal Health and

Safety Measures on Naia Terminal 3
Nixie Sheena Angoya*, Monica Bobis, Maricel Macinas, Christine Joy Rafanan
,Allana Jean Rutor, Ricardo Fajardo, John Kennedy Villanueva

*angoya.nixiesheena@gmail.com

Keywords: passenger experience, health and safety measures, safety
operations
This research aims to collect information regarding the passenger’s travel

experiences on the new normal health and safety measures and evaluate it whether
their experiences are conveniently positive or negative, safety assured and service
satisfactory. This would serve as a contribution to future passengers’ knowledge.
Furthermore, the study found out that the demographic profile of the respondents
has no significant relation to the experiences of the passengers which means it
supports and justifies our hypothesis and that gender, age, civil status, and
destination doesn’t affect the travel experience of one’s person. In conclusion, this
research proposes recommendations to fully Improve, utilize, and sustain the NAIA’s
New Normal Health and Safety Measures, facilities, and improvement of airport’s
manpower, particularly in Terminal 3.

JULY 14-15, 2022
The Role of Air Transportation in Food Tourism of Barangay 183,

Pasay City
Roque Jurilla, Jane Pearl Brioso, Shaine Patricia Manlapaz, James Airrol
Opeña, Marcelino Tupas Jr., Asuncion Fille, John Kennedy Villanueva

*roquejurilla5@gmail.com

Keywords: food tourism, air transportation, food business
The main goal of this study is to identify if there is a significant effect between air
transportation on the food industry in Barangay 183, Pasay City, it aims to focus on
the participant’s experience and insight regarding the role of air transportation on
the performance of the food industry. The researchers used qualitative research as
the study’s research approach to explore and seek the participant’s experience.
Accordingly, extracted knowledge from the participants on how air transportation
exerted influence in the food tourism of Barangay 183, Villamor, Pasay City. Moreover,
the respondents were acquired using purposive sampling, Filipino food
establishment owners in Barangay 183, Pasay City which have been established for
not less than 6 months. These businesses should also be legally registered with a
valid business permit. A semi-structured interview questionnaire was used to get the
experience of the participants. Thematic approach was used to analyze the data. The
result shows that there was a significant role of air transportation that was brought
to the food establishment in Barangay 183, Pasay City. It was recommended that
considering business location, especially nearby air transportation, can affect their
business, in terms of its growth by its potential customers.

JULY 14-15, 2022
The Effects of the Flight Attendants' Gender Identity to the

Airline Passengers of Cebgo at Ninoy Aquino International
Airport, Terminal 4
Ronald Acejo*, Oliver James Abac, Ian Mikhaella Andres, Arvie John Bugayong,
Elia Marie Soriano, Gray Japeth Gelbolingo, John Kennedy Villanueva

*acejo.ronaldlagsila@gmail.com

Keywords: Flight Attendant, Gender Identity, SERVPERF
This study applied a service performance (SERVPERF) model to measure service

quality and used a quantitative method for testing two research hypotheses, and
utilized an adapted questionnaire distributed among 100 airline passengers of
Cebgo. This research aims to examine the effects of the flight attendants’ gender
identity to the airline passengers of Cebgo at Ninoy Aquino International Airport,
Terminal 4. Specifically, it sought to present the demographic profile of the
respondents in terms of sex, occupation, educational attainment, frequency of
travel, and purpose of travel; determine the airline passenger’s perception to the
flight attendants’ gender identity based on service performance in terms of
tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy; and test the
significant difference on the perception of airline passengers to service
performance when grouped according to profile. As a result, that majority of the
respondents are employed, college graduate, traveling once a year due to leisure
activities. The perceptions of airline passengers to service performance made by
men, women and LGBTQIA+ flight attendants in relevance to tangibility, reliability,
responsiveness, assurance and empathy are all fully agree. Thus, the reliability was
found to be the most important dimension of service performance when a flight
attendant offered a service to airline passengers. The proposed recommendations
include conducting a customer satisfaction survey when the service performance is
still based on the gender identity of the flight attendants, provide an open door to
other airlines in accepting flight cabin crew regardless of their sexual orientation,
gender identity and expression to enhance customer awareness that a diverse
gender of flight attendants exist.

AVIONICS TECHNOLOGY
SESSION CHAIR: DELFIN DE RAMOS
Development of a model curriculum for B.S. Enrique Malilang III

8:00
Avionics Technology: A proposed standard Alfredo Joson
Ivy Loraine Lontoc

Romelyn Gunio
Performance of Female Aviation Electronics Darren Jalandoni
8:15
Specialist in Lufthansa Technik Philippines Clyrrehs Palo
Jhoanne Faye Pera
Ma. Barbara Gaco
Jonas Vann Beredo

Yuen Dave As-Il
The Effects of Covid 19 Pandemic on The
David Martin Consul
8:30 Occupational Safety Status of Aircraft Mechanic of
Loreto Julian Enguero Jr.
Lufthansa Technik Philippines
Jason Vincent Mentoy
Ma. Barbara Gaco
Nicolette Kaye Razon

Aliena Joyce Asuncion
Safety Measures in Proper Handling of Avionics John Robert Bansil
9:00
Laboratory Tools and Equipment Jamil Beltran
Ryan Christian Cabigting
Riztiel Calaqui
Ar-Jhay Gabuat
Justine Bungue
Janice Borita
Energy Conservation: Installation of Solar Power in
Clyde Steven Orencia
9:15 the Philippine State College of Aeronautics Palmayo
Melchor Gallon
Campus
Mercy Guinto
Mitzi Gutierrez
Felix Alegado
Multisim Live: Evaluating its Effectiveness in

Darlyn Flores
9:30 teaching Basic Electricity Laboratory course in the
Ryan Reyes
BSAET Program
Rainer Buo
Rochelle Catrina Dellosa
Integration of RFID Technology: A COVID-19 Contact
Harmon Jade Geronimo
9:45 Tracing Method for Health Security in the Philippine
Gleianne Joice Lequin
State College of Aeronautics
Fareed Khalid Jamil Kohail
Elisa Grampil

JULY 14-15, 2022
Development of a Model Curriculum for B.S. Avionics

Technology: A Proposed Standard
1 2
Enrique Malilang III* , Alfredo Joson
1
2
*E-mail: emalilang@aliac.edu.ph
Keywords: Aviation, Avionics Technology, B.S Avionics Technology
Curriculum
The program of bachelor’s degree in avionics technology has longed been approved
by the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) as a degree program but never had a
memorandum order regarding the minimum policies, guidelines, and standards. The
researcher accepted the challenge of coming up a model curriculum for the avionics
technology program. The initial part of the study focused on identifying the minimum
required courses based on other CMO applicable to the program. The second part of
the study was to identify the minimum number of units of each courses identified.
The data was gathered from private schools in Metro Manila offering the avionics
technology degree program. The total number of participants who participated in
the survey were thirty-nine (39). The researcher utilized key information interview,
ranking and percentage from reputable program heads, faculty member, avionics
practitioners and most notable a member of the technical panel of the regulatory
body which is CHED. A four (4) Likert scale will also be utilized in collecting necessary
data from the group of participants. Henceforth, a well-developed curriculum that is
suited to the need of current evolution of technology thru quantitative data and
qualitative data was the output of this research.

JULY 14-15, 2022
Performance of Female Aviation Electronics Specialist in

Lufthansa Technik Philippines
Ivy Loraine Lontoc, Romelyn Gunio, Darren Jalandoni, Clyrrehs Palo, Jhoanne
Faye Pera, Ma. Barbara Gaco*
*E-mail: gacoma.barbara@gmail.com
Keywords: Female Mechanic, Avionics, Aircraft Mechanic, Aviation
One of the biggest challenges for female Aviation in Electronics Technology students
and graduates is wholeheartedly knowing if they can fit into the job as female
avionics. It is quite obvious that their performance may indicate their success in
choosing the field. Hence, being gender-biased is not an obstacle to determining
their skills and determination to reach success. And it is clear that when it comes to
performance-based on gender, there will always be a dilemma of whether males and
females perform differently in the workplace, specifically in the aviation industry.
However, this study aims to determine the performance of female avionics working
in Lufthansa Technik Philippines. The researchers gathered data through
questionnaires and Google Forms link expectedly distributed to the total number of
the female avionics in Lufthansa Technik Philippines, which is 97, yet 50 of the
respondents answered. And as the gathered data have shown, the findings
presented that there is a significant difference between the profile and the
performance of female avionics working in Lufthansa Technik Philippines in terms of
mastery, technical skills, work ethics, and safety practices.
[1] David, C. C., Albert, J. G., & Vizmanos, J. V. (2018, February). Sustainable Development
Goal 5: How Does the Philippines Fare on Gender Equality? EconStor. Retrieved from
https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/211005/1/1019139617.pdf
[2] Mulenga, M. (2019). Impact of Age and Gender Diversity on Employee Performance in an
Organisation. A Case Study of Zambia Compulsory Standards Agency. Grin. Retrieved from
https://www.grin.com/document/495281
[3] Guerrieri, S. (2020, November 23). The future is female: Closing the gender gap in aviation.
ACI Insights. Retrieved from https://blog.aci.aero/the-future-is-female-closing-the-gender-gap-in-
aviation

JULY 14-15, 2022
The Effects of Covid 19 Pandemic on The Occupational Safety

Status of Aircraft Mechanic of Lufthansa Technik Philippines
Jonas Vann Beredo, Yuen Dave As-Il, David Martin Consul, Loreto Julian
Enguero Jr., Jason Vincent Mentoy, Ma. Barbara Gaco*
*E-mail: gacoma.barbara@gmail.com
Keywords: Covid-19 Pandemic, Aircraft Mechanic, Occupational Status
COVID-19 widespread had a tremendous effect on our social life and the worldwide
economy. Due to general instability and new circumstances, the widespread brought
the worldwide economy to its knees (Statista, 2020). In this regard, the researchers
aimed to determine the effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the occupational
status of the Aircraft Mechanics of Lufthansa Technik Philippines. It also aimed to
identify whether there has been a significant difference between the profile of
participants in relation to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on their
occupational status. The researchers gathered the data through a survey including
the (1) profile of the participants which is composed of their age, sex, department,
and employment status, and (2) the effects of COVID-19 on the occupational status
of the participants. It was composed of the health status, and workload. Along with
the survey, the researchers have questions that would support the survey in the
analysis of data. The participants are the Aircraft Mechanics of Lufthansa Technik
Philippines, who are currently affected by the effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic. The
researchers concluded that most of the participants from Aviation Maintenance
Specialist (AMS) found that due to the pandemic, they became more conscious of
their proper hygiene. On the other hand, most of the participants from Aviation
Maintenance Technician (AMT) find that due to the pandemic, they must be
vaccinated. There were no significant differences between the occupational status
of Aircraft Mechanics of Lufthansa Technik Philippines in the midst of the COVID-19
Pandemic.
[1] Crosby A. W. (2013). American Pandemic: The Lost Worlds of the 1918 Influenza Epidemic. Journal
of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, 68(1), 150–152. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrs046
[2] Guo, YR., Cao, QD., Hong, ZS. et al. (2019) The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on
coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak – an update on the status. Military Med Res 7, 11 (2020).
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40779-020-00240- 0

JULY 14-15, 2022
Safety Measures in Proper Handling of Avionics Laboratory
Tools and Equipment
Nicolette Kaye Razon*, Aliena Joyce Asuncion, John Robert Bansil, Jamil
Beltran, Ryan Christian Cabigting, Riztiel Calaqui
Philippine State College of Aeronautics, Pampanga, Philippines

*E-mail: nkmrazon1213@gmail.com
Keywords: safety measures, sufficient knowledge, avionics laboratory
Having sufficient knowledge and following the avionics laboratory safety rules and
regulations can eliminate the risk of injuries and allow everyone to complete their
assigned tasks or activities without fear of being harmed. Students' and instructors'
safety measures in the proper handling of avionics laboratory tools and equipment
should always be a priority, particularly in the avionics laboratory, because accidents
can happen anytime. The available tools and equipment should be monitored and
maintained regularly. However, for those tools and equipment that have been
damaged or corroded, they should be immediately reported, to the instructor for
immediate action under the required safety policies. This study mainly focuses on
Aviation Electronics Technology (Avionics) course because it tackles the Safety
Measures in Proper Handling of Avionics Laboratory Tools and Equipment wherein in
their course, they always bring and use tools with them while working. But, the
researchers believe that this study will also benefit the Aircraft Maintenance
Technology or other related courses which use tools and equipment while
performing their actual tasks in the school, in their On-The-Job-Training, and in the
field as technicians. The study will help the students, teachers, institutions, and the
community as a whole in shaping and improving their safety knowledge. The study
targeted 90 respondents 2nd year to 3rd year Aviation Electronics Technology (AET)
students out of a total of 153 enrolled students during the Academic Year 2020 and
2021. A descriptive method of research and a survey questionnaire was used to
collect data. Frequency tables and charts were used for data presentation. From the
findings, the majority of the results of the survey questionnaire showed that the
respondents often know the Safety Measures in Proper Handling of Avionics
Laboratory Tools and Equipment in different categories, which can be interpreted on
a scale of 3 out of 4 in Likert’s Frequency Scale. It simply means that the study found
out that the students still need a few ideas, lessons, and knowledge about the Safety
Measures in Proper Handling of Avionics Laboratory Tools and Equipment. The
instructors should also need to pay more attention to the things the students have
difficulty understanding or lacking in information. In addition, it is recommended to
the school to organize training programs all the students in any courses and all
faculty and staff in a discussion of safety policies and practices to align them with
the institution's strategic plans, as far as developing a standard fire safety training
program and first-aid training program for all students and faculty and staff.
[1] Dr. Deepak (2016). https://lab-training.com/importance-laboratory-safety/

JULY 14-15, 2022
Energy Conservation: Installation of Solar Power in the
Philippine State College of Aeronautics Palmayo Campus
Ar-Jhay Gabuat*, Justine Bungue, Janice Borita, Clyde Steven Orencia

Melchor Gallon, Mercy P. Guinto, Mitzi C. Gutierrez, Felix L. Alegado

*E-mail: Arjhaygabuat20@gmail.com

Keywords: Solar power, energy, electricity, renewables
Solar panels nowadays have been introduced by different companies as an

alternative source of electric power. This device utilizes sunlight, a non-vanishing
renewable source of energy, to produce the said energy while also being eco-friendly
as it does not emit any greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide. In connection
with this, the researchers conducted a study on the PHILSCA Campus to resolve
some issues concerning power outages and the high cost of electric bills in order to
aid teaching personnel, employees, and students. With this concern, the researchers
conducted interviews with campus personnel about the electricity consumption of
the facilities and three solar panel companies about the operation, quality, and
installation feasibility of solar panels. Results show that the library, faculty, staff
rooms, and student rooms consume the highest electricity with the usage of
electronic appliances including gadgets being the most done activities. In terms of
the solar panels, it was deduced that they can lower electricity bills and provide
backup power but would require high financial resources. The monocrystalline type
was found to be the most appropriate option to use considering variable weather
conditions. Through the study, it can be inferred that installing solar panels in
PHILSCA poses a potential to relatively lower electricity bills and provide backup
power during power interruptions.
References:
Geoscape Solar. (2020, November 17). Solar 101 - Solar Energy Information.
https://www.geoscapesolar.com/solar-101/
Riley, N. (2021, June 22). A Solar-Powered home: Will it pay off? Investopedia.
United States Environmental Protection Agency. (2022, January 6). Local renewable
energy benefits and resources. US EPA.
https://www.epa.gov/statelocalenergy/local-renewable-energy-benefitsand-resources

JULY 14-15, 2022
Multisim Live: Evaluating its Effectiveness in teaching Basic
Electricity Laboratory course in the BSAET Program
1,2 1, 3
Darlyn Flores* , Ryan Reyes
1
2
Sapphire International Aviation Academy, Pasay City, Philippines;
3
*1floresdarlynjose@gmail.com

Keywords: Multisim, Electronic Circuits, Laboratory
This study evaluates the effectiveness of a chosen free live simulation software as an
alternative to teaching Basic Electricity Laboratory course in the Bachelor of Science
in Engineering Technology Program (BSAET) at Sapphire International Aviation
Academy (SIAA). A quantitative research design employing survey questionnaire was
employed to determine the level of difficulties encountered by learners using
conventional face-face laboratory setup and explored the impact of using live
simulation experiment design methods on learner’s experience in executing the
same experiment procedures. This paper also investigates the learners perceived
effectiveness of the live simulation software based from both experience in the
attainment of learning outcomes in terms of: (1) Affective Domain, (2) Cognitive
Domain and (3) Psychomotor Domain. Key Informant Interview was also conducted to
verify the effectiveness of simulation softwares in the attainment of learning
outcomes based from experts perspectives. Results of this research showed that
there was a notable appreciation of the respondents on the use of the simulation
software based on their experience on two (2) out of five (5) experiments where
statistical results showed significant difference in the level of difficulty between
their face-face and simulation experience. Moreover, students also agree on the use
of simulation softwares in the attainment of the course learning outcomes in all
three (3) domains. However, results also reveal the necessity for traditional
laboratory set up in the attainment of the course learning outcomes based from the
interview with course experts. It is recommended that the findings of this study be
considered in the design and development of a laboratory instructional material in
Basic Electricity.

JULY 14-15, 2022
Integration of RFID Technology: A COVID-19 Contact Tracing
Method for Health Security in the Philippine State College of
Aeronautics
Rainer Buo, Rochelle Catrina Dellosa, Harmon Jade Geronimo, Gleianne Joice
Lequin, Fareed Khalid Jamil T. Kohail, Elisa F. Grampil
Aviation Electronics Technology Department, Institute of Engineering and

Technology, Philippine State College of Aeronautics, Villamor, Pasay City
Keywords: COVID-19, Contact Tracing, RFID
In this pandemic, it is common knowledge for every establishment, institution, and

community that contact tracing plays a crucial role in containing the COVID- 19 virus.
This is where the integration of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology to
contact tracing method plays a role for health security in, but not limited to,
Philippine State College of Aeronautics. This study utilized experimental methods to
identify the prototype’s data accuracy, precision, and effectiveness compared to
manual or digital contact tracing. The experiment exhibits a quick detection
capability of RFID card users in varying distances and accurately reflects and records
the users’ information that is only within the booth. However, upon the temperature
check, the scanned values were inaccurate compared to a commercial temperature
scanner but were almost precise in terms of its consecutive temperature values. The
ability of the device to determine the rights to enter to the premises based on the
temperature also requires development particularly the Arduino device itself since
the inconsistency of the program was assumed to be due to maxing out the storage
capacity for programming codes. In conclusion, the findings of the study indicated
that the integration of the RFID technology to contact tracing had the potential to be
a candidate of a new contact tracing method viable to the institution and alike.

SESSION CHAIR: DR. RODANTE FLORES
Vera Suzette Saquian

The Effects of Covid-19 Pandemic to the Andrew James Pedregosa
8:00
Employment among AMT/AET Graduates Prince Kyle Norman Rubia
Gil II Evangelio Sarad
Vencent Gazmen
The Effects of Covid-19 Pandemic on College Tristan Miguel Roa Evangelista
8:15
Aviation Education: Students' Perspective Florence Angelou Gonzales
Kit Lemuel Gonzaga
Amando Ashley Cruz IV

Carl Kristoffer Reyes
Michael Jay Fox
An Assessment Between Lifestyle Modification and
Joao Lorenzo
8:30 Performance in Aviation of PATTS BS AMT Students’
Shaira Cabite
Amidst the Pandemic
Roger Eellar II
Mark Magango
Jabes Isoli
Leo Mendel Rosario

Joel Paduano
Divine Mae Magangan,
Shiela May Motos,
Elisa Grampil
Strategies for research productivity enhancement
9:00 Ruth Jenneth Cacho

of an aviation-focused higher education institution
Darwin Catalan
Mercy Guinto
Mark Leus Dimaculanga
Glenn Caro
Noel Navigar
Jover Boyd T. Chan

Tracer Study of B.S. In Avionics Technology
9:15 Brian Ben C. Coronel
Graduates
Mary Jane O. Veloria
Training In Transition: The Challenges of New

9:30 Platform Faced by Aircraft Maintenance Technology Juan Diego J. Villarosa
Students in Pandemic Time
Celine Mae Abao-An

Student Attendance Management Application
Jan Ronald Bituaran
9:45 Using Facial Recognition in Philippine State College
Mardenn Digay
of Aeronautics John Kenneth Ternida
Aron Alojado
Comparative study on airframe specialist
10:00 James Deato

graduates of approved training organizations

JULY 14-15, 2022
The Effects of Covid-19 Pandemic to the Employment among

AMT/AET Graduates
Vera Suzette Saquian*, Andrew James Pedregosa,

Prince Kyle Norman Rubia, Gil Ii Evangelio Sarad
AISAT, Davao City, Philippines

Keywords: effects of Covid-19 pandemic, employment among AMT/AET
graduates, Philippines
The main purpose of this study was to determine the significant relationship
between the effects of Covid-19 pandemic and employment among AMT/AET
graduates of Asian International School of Aeronautics and Technology (AISAT). The
respondents consisted of 36 AMT/AET graduates, both 2-year graduates and BS
graduates. Stratified Random sampling was used to identify the sample population. A
quantitative, descriptive non-experimental design using a correlational technique
was used in this study. Adapted questionnaires were utilized to collect data, which
were then adjusted to create a contextualized questionnaire that was appropriate
for the local setting. Mean and Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient were used
to analyze and interpret the data collected. Results revealed that the effects of
Covid-19 pandemic were reflected as high and the employment among AMT/AET
graduates was reflected as high. In addition, results also revealed that there was no
significant relationship between the effects of Covid-19 pandemic and employment
among AMT/AET graduates. Keywords: effects of Covid-19 pandemic, employment
among AMT/AET graduates, Philippines

JULY 14-15, 2022
The Effects of Covid-19 Pandemic on College Aviation

Education: Students' Perspective
Vencent Gazmen*, Tristan Miguel Roa Evangelista,

Florence Angelou Gonzales, Kit Lemuel Gonzaga
AISAT, Davao City, Philippines

Keywords: education, the effects of COVID-19, Students’ Perspective
about College in the Philippines
The main purpose of this study was to determine the Significance of the relationship
between The effects of COVID-19 and Students’ Perspective about College Aviation
Education. The respondents of this study were seventy-two 1st year BS-AET and BS-
AMT students currently enrolled in an Aeronautical School, First Semester of the
Academic Year 2021-2022. Stratified random sampling technique was utilized to
identify the sample size. A quantitative, descriptive, non-experimental design using
correlational technique was applied to this study. Adapted questionnaires were used
in gathering the data which were modified to formulate a contextualized
questionnaire that fits in the local setting. Mean and Pearson product-moment
correlation were the statistical tools employed in analyzing and interpreting the
data. Results revealed that The effects of COVID-19 were reflected as high, also
Students’ Perspective about College Aviation Education were reflected as high. In
addition, results also revealed that there was a Significance of the relationship
between the effects of COVID-19 and students’ Perspective about College Aviation
Education.

JULY 14-15, 2022
An Assessment between Lifestyle Modification and Performance

in Aviation of PATTS BS AMT Students’ Amidst the Pandemic
Amando Ashley Cruz IV*, Carl Kristoffer Reyes, Michael Jay Fox, Joao Lorenzo,
Shaira Cabite, Roger Ellar II, Mark Magango, Jabes Isoli

*E-mail: amandoashley.cruziv@patts.edu.ph
Keywords: Lifestyle Modification, Aviation Performance, Aviation
Maintenance Technician
Being physically fit is an individual duty; thus, it is a legal requirement before

qualifying for professions like aircraft technicians and avionics. However, one of the
requirements for fitness to flight is medical certification. Therefore, not having a
medical certificate prohibits a person from performing a particular job, in aviation,
for example. Consequently, this study will focus on assessing the lifestyle
modification of the Philippine Air Transport and Training Services (PATTS) students
to their performance in aviation. The researchers will use a 4-point Likert Scale
Survey to 50 respondents comprising 3rd year and 4th year students of PATTS. The
researcher will use this to determine the central tendency, such as the mean of the
respondents' survey responses. This research will aim to determine the lifestyle
modification of PATTS students. Based on a recent study, lifestyle modification is
essential for professionals to have a healthy quality of life, which results in an
outstanding performance in serving the community. The study will also focus on the
effect of the students' lifestyle modification on their performance in aviation, as it is
crucial to examine how these two variables influence each other. Finally, as the third
objective, this will explore how the students resolve those issues. Further, this
research will help the students learn that poor performance, such as incorrect
maintenance, will result in aviation-related accidents. Importantly, this will guide the
students to start early lifestyle awareness and teach them how to be appropriately
fitted to work, thus, preparing them for the future.
References:
Illankoon, P., & Tretten, P. (2020). Judgemental Errors in Aviation Maintenance. Cogn Tech Work 22, 769-
786. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10111-019-00609-9
Joshi, A., Kale, S., Chandel, S., & Pal, D. (2015). Likert Scale: Explored and Explained. British Journal of
Applied Science & Technology. doi:10.9734/BJAST/2015/14975

US Department of Transportation. (2021). Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) Official Guide to Basic
Flight Information and ATC Procedures. Federal Administration Aviation.
https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/media/aim_bsc_w_chg_1_2_dtd_5-19-22.pdf
Weber, D., Mavin, T., Roth, W.M., & Dekker, S. (2016). Judging Airline Pilots’ Performance with and Without
an Assessment Model: A Comparison Study of the Scoring of Raters from Two Different Airlines. Journal of
Aviation/Aerospace Education and Research. Doi:10.15394/jaaer.2016.1645

Wilson, D., Driller, M., Johnston, B., & Gill, N. (2020). The effectiveness of a 17-week lifestyle intervention on
health behaviors among airlines pilots during COVID-19. Research Commons. https://bit.ly/39MO2Y6

JULY 14-15, 2022
Strategies for Research Productivity Enhancement of

an Aviation-Focused Higher Education Institution
Leo Mendel Rosario*1 , Joel Paduano1 , Divine

1 Mae Magangan
1
2
, Shiela May Motos 2,
Elisa Grampil 2, Ruth Jenneth Cacho 3, Darwin Catalan4,Mercy Guinto 5, Mark Leus
6 7 8
Dimaculangan , Glenn Caro , And Noel Navigar
1
Institute of Liberal
1 Arts and Sciences (ILAS), Philippine State College of Aeronautics (PhilSCA) – Villamor
Air Base (VAB) Campus, Pasay City, Philippines
2 Institute of Engineering and Technology (InET), PhilSCA – VAB Campus, Pasay City, Metro Manila
3
Institute of Computer Studies (ICS), PhilSCA – VAB Campus, Pasay City, Philippines
4
Institute of Graduate Studies (IGS), PhilSCA – VAB Campus, Pasay City, Philippines
5 PhilSCA – Basa Air Base (BAB) Campus, Floridablanca, Philippines
6 PhilSCA – Fernando Air Base (FAB) Campus, Lipa, Batangas, Philippines
7
PhilSCA – Mactan Benito Ebuen Air Base (MBEAB) Campus, Lapu-Lapu City, Cebu, Philippines
8 Research and Development 5
Center (RDC), Philippine State College of Aeronautics (PhilSCA) – VAB
Campus, Pasay City, Philippines
*E-mail: leomendelrosario@gmail.com
Keywords: Strategies, Research Productivity, Aviation Research, Higher
Education
The research productivity of a higher education institution is measured in terms of

the number of journal publications, conference presentations, patents, and citations.
The research productivity of aviation schools has been limited for the past decades.
In this study, the strategies for enhancing the research productivity of the Philippine
State College of Aeronautics (PhilSCA) have been determined thru a series of
focused group discussions with the faculty members from the four institutes and
three satellite campuses. Thematic analysis extracted codes and core themes on
research productivity enhancement. From the findings, four core themes emerged
from the discussion data: policy recommendation, resource generation, capability
building, and process development. The results of the study may be used to
formulate short- and long-term research management programs for PhilSCA.
Fig. 1. Thematic map of the strategies for research productivity enhancement for PhilSCA.
P. Gaikwad, “Balancing Research Productivity and Teaching by Faculty in Higher Education: A Case Study in
the Philippines,” Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice 21(7), 181-192 (2021).

JULY 14-15, 2022
Tracer Study of B.S. in Avionics Technology Graduates
Jover Boyd T. Chan*, Brian Ben C. Coronel, Mary Jane O. Veloria

*E-mail: jover.chan@patts.edu.ph
Keywords: tracer study, avionics technology, aviation
This study intends to determine the current employment status of the B.S. in Avionics
Technology graduates of a higher aviation institution in Parañaque city. Descriptive
type of research was used in the study with 99 respondents. The results showed that
most of them are male, single, and from Batch 2011-2020. They took Avionics
Technology because of the influence of their parents, relatives or peers. Most of the
graduates did not take advanced studies. They were recommended by someone to
their present job and waited for 1 to 6 months to be employed. At present, they have
a job level status, permanent, and currently working in the Philippines. They stayed in
their first job for a period of 1-6 months and accepted other opportunities because it
is related to their skills. Majority of the graduates regarded the avionics curriculum
relevant to their employment. Salaries, benefits, and career challenges are the
primary reasons why they are staying on their job. Their monthly salary ranges from
10,000-19,000. They considered Technical skill as the most useful competency
learned in college and Adeptness is the most applicable core values of the institution
in relation to their first job. The researchers came up with the following
recommendations: invite more aviation companies to participate in the annual
career fair that can provide training and employment; integrate the institution's core
values to the curriculum, syllabus, and school activities to ensure the attainment of
the expected outcomes; conduct more alumni activities to keep in touch with the
graduates; the graduates should attend advanced trainings/certification like TESDA
programs and other related seminars for career advancement and higher salary
range.

JULY 14-15, 2022
Training In Transition: The Challenges of New Platform Faced by

Aircraft Maintenance Technology Students in Pandemic Time
Juan Diego J. Villarosa*, Juncen V. Gardose
Air Link International Aviation College, Pasay City, Philippines

*jdvillarosa@aliac.edu.ph
Keywords: AMT, COVID 19, Online Platform, Efficiency, Challenges
The Bachelor of Science in Aircraft Maintenance Technology at ALIAC is a three-year

program aimed to equip students interested in pursuing a career as an aircraft
technician. The curriculum prepares students to develop, inspect, operate, maintain,
and repair structures, systems, and power plants for aircraft and other aerospace
vehicles, providing them with knowledge and abilities in the field of aircraft
maintenance. Because BSAMT is a step-by-step curriculum, students who complete
it receive a Certificate of Completion in Aircraft Maintenance Technology and are
entitled to take the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines' license exam (CAAP).
Currently, the world is experiencing a pandemic due to the virus called COVID 19
which paved the way for transitioning the educational system into an online
platform. Introducing new issues, problems, and challenges to the AMT students of
ALIAC. This has either struggled or made studying for the students more efficient.
This research identifies the pros and cons of face-to-face classes versus the new
online learning platform, whether it affects the student’s academic performance
greatly or rather poorly, which can impact each individual’s future.

JULY 14-15, 2022
Student Attendance Management Application Using Facial
Recognition in Philippine State College of Aeronautics
Celine Mae Abao-An*, Jan Ronald Bituaran, Mardenn Digay, John Kenneth
Ternida, Aron Alojado

E-mail: abaoan.cmit1@gmail.com
Keywords: face recognition, facial recognition, attendance, attendance
monitoring, student attendance system.

The most laborious task in any organization is the attendance taking. This capstone
project aims to develop a system application that will efficiently monitor the student
attendance performance, also especially now given the pandemic situation, it is
contactless as observance to the health protocol to avoid the virus transmission. The
application will identify and confirm the students’ identity using their facial features.
The system will provide a real-time attendance, and summary of student attendance
marking can be generated in an Excel or PDF file. Student will receive an email of
their real-time attendance, and the summary of attendance records can be accessed
by the faculty. This system application aids in the monitoring of student attendance
by both the instructor and the institution. It makes monitoring work for faculty and
staff easier than it would have been otherwise, saving time, making it more safe,
automated, and accurate, and preventing students from faking attendance and
missing courses. The scope of this project is within the Institute of Computer Studies
at the Philippine State College of Aeronautics - Villamor Campus only. Once
implemented and no issues and other problems are found, it can be expanded
throughout the school.
References:
[1] Bah S. and Ming F. (2020). An Improved Face Recognition Algorithm and Its Application in Attendance
Management System
[2] Puthea K., Hartanto R., & Hidayat R. (2017, Oct. 11-12). A Review Paper on Attendance Marking System
based on Face Recognition. 5th Int'l Conference on Image Processing, Communication, Engineering and
Technology (IPCET-17)

JULY 14-15, 2022
Comparative Study On Airframe Specialist Graduates Of
Approved Training Organizations
James Deato
Keywords: Training organization, specialist training
The purpose of this Study is to come out with a comparison of Sheet Metal Specialist
Training (SMST) graduates from the different Approved Training Organizations (ATO)
in Manila in terms of the skills they acquired from the SMSTs and their performance
level/rating. Therefore vis-à-vis the requirements and qualifications standards set by
the various Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul (MRO) stations in Manila, by gathering
information through survey. Two (2) sets of questionnaires were handed out to forty
(40) participants comprised of the first batch (2019) of graduates of the Wide-Aero
School of Aviation (WASA) and the Flight School International (FSI). WASA and FSI are
among the ATOs in Manila that are duly certified by the Civil Aviation Authority of the
Philippines (CAAP) and the Philippines Civil Aviation Regulation (PCAR). The
participants are the target respondents to this study because of the location of the
ATOs that they trained. Among the information required for this Study, are the
qualification standards and the performance rating/assessment of the survey-
participants/personnel at the entry-level airframe mechanic positions. The survey
questionnaires for the ATO-graduates is a self-rating type and was devised using the
skills test standards of CAAP found in Advisory Circular (AC) 02-18. The said Skills
Test Standards enumerates the subject areas covered by an airframe mechanics, the
description of performance levels 1, 2 and 3, and the tasks involved which are the
basis by which performance level are assessed. In general, this enabled the
researcher to gather performance level rating of the participants from ATOs and
their demographic profile. The survey questionnaire for the major MROs was also
designed using the AC 02-18 standards, which aimed at gathering the required
demographic profile and the performance rating of an entry-level airframe mechanic
in each of the subject areas as rated by the authorized personnel, the Human
Resource officials or the maintenance manager, whoever is applicable. The data
gathered from ATOs were analyzed through Mann-Whitney, and the results/findings
thereof are compared with the data gathered and analyzed from the MROs. The
comparative results from there were then used as a basis for the way forward-
recommendations that ATOs may undertake to improve/enhance the qualification
standards and the quality of training for the entry- level airframe mechanic in MROs
in Manila.

AMT 3
SESSION CHAIR: ENGR. JABES ISOLI
Diossa Marie De Leon

Jomardon Gabitanan
A Learning Application for Aircraft Maintenance
10:15 Jomari Leonoras
Technology Students with Augmented Reality
Vincent Rhey Mateo
Ruth Jenneth Cacho
Jay-R Boiser
Henrison Diaz
Corn Fiber: Alternative Material in Composite
10:30 Jerald Lirag
Structures
Rovic Masajo
John Mark Soquiat
Impact Of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Job

10:45 Jericho Valenzuela
Opportunities of AMT Professionals
Effects of Unmanaged Stress to the Performance

Niccolo Benito
11:00 and Health of the Aviation Maintenance Personnel In
Juncen Gardose
Air Link International Aviation College
The Cause and Effects of Ergonomics on Human

11:15 Errors among Aircraft Maintenance Mechanics of Lee Mosquera
Air Link International Aviation College
Assessment on Gender Equality as the Main Driver

Jerald Orduna
11:30 for Female Aircraft Mechanic Presence in the
Juncen Gardose
Aviation Industry
12:00 LUNCH BREAK

JULY 14-15, 2022
A Learning Application for Aircraft Maintenance Technology

Students With Augmented Reality
Diossa Marie G. De Leon, Jomardon R. Gabitanan, Jomari D.V. Leonoras,

Vincent Rhey P. Mateo, Ruth Jenneth Cacho

Keywords: Augmented Reality, AMT, Application
A Learning Application for Aircraft Maintenance Technology Students with

Augmented Reality” aims to develop an Augmented Reality Application that focuses
on portraying Aircraft Powerplant, which is essential in terms of distant learning
situations. Also, it focuses on substituting aircraft parts that need visuals in order to
be demonstrated properly. The application includes Augmented Aircraft Engines, is
designed to help Aircraft Maintenance Students familiarize engine parts and its
functions. The application also includes quizzes, that serves as flash cards which will
help in their practice. The application is powered by Vuforia and can be supported by
multiple devices. It offers interactions as well as animated transitions, which
provides both entertainment and learning at the same time. This application required
android phone with AR Core certified. It has some features that will recognize
aircraft engine parts image with visual effects, and animation. In terms of its
graphical user interface, which contains multimedia features, this mobile application
is interactive.

JULY 14-15, 2022
Corn Fiber: Alternative Material in Composite Structures
Jay-R D. Boiser, Henrison U. Diaz, Jerald P. Lirag, Rovic E. Masajo,

John Mark T. Soquiat

Keywords: Natural fiber, Corn fiber, Alternative material
Natural fiber is considered one of the environmentally friendly materials which have
good properties compared to synthetic fiber. Due to eco-friendly and sustainability
nature, natural fiber composites prefer as compared to conventional synthetic fiber-
based composites. Corn fiber is a comparatively new innovation in the textile
industry. Corn is an agricultural product with large quantities of starch, which
manufacturers extract from the plant fibers and break down into sugars that are
then fermented and separated into polymers. Corn fiber balances strength and
resilience with comfort, softness and drape in textiles. It is an environmentally
preferable option to petroleum-based synthetic materials as it uses natural
resource, field corn, instead of petroleum, to make synthetic materials. This aims to
know if a corn fiber is an alternative material in composite structures. It was tested
by using a test like strength test and impact test for the Corn fiber composite. The
data was gathered by using statistical formula and tabled the result. Based on the
result, it was concluded that corn fiber can be used as an alternative reinforcing
material in composite structures. Some recommendations were given to help future
researchers improve this study.
[1] Djafari Petroudy, S.R. (2017). Physical and mechanical properties of natural fibers.
Retrieved from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/natural-plant-fiber
[2] Kiron, M.I. (2021). Corn Fiber: Properties, Manufacturing, Benefits and Uses.
Retrieved from: https://textilelearner.net/corn-fiber-properties-manufacturing-benefits-and-uses/
[3] Kovalcik, A. (2015). A Review on Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite and Its Applications.
Retrieved from: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijps/2015/243947/

JULY 14-15, 2022
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Job Opportunities

of AMT Professionals
Jericho Valenzuela*, Joshua De Leon
ALIAC, Pasay City, Philippines

*jvalenzuela@aliac.edu.ph
Keywords: AMT, COVID-19, Job Opportunities
The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant effect on the job opportunities for AMT
professionals due to its severe impact on the aviation industry. The pandemic's
effect on the employability of AMT professionals is highlighted by previous articles.
Said articles also provided supporting evidence for the current state of the aviation
industry and its foreseeable future. A semi-structured interview was used among
AMT professionals that fit the criteria set by the researchers. This method allowed
the researchers to collate the necessary findings and analyze them using IPA or
Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis. The findings of this study conclude that the
COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant effect on the job opportunities present for
AMT professionals. Moreover, its effects on job opportunities primarily revolve
around retrenchments and workforce reductions. However, additional implications
of these findings do present an optimistic view on the aviation industry's recovery.

JULY 14-15, 2022
Effects of Unmanaged Stress to the Performance and Health of

the Aviation Maintenance Personnel in Air Link International
Aviation College
1
Niccolo Benito*, Juncen Gardose

*E-mail: nbenito@aliac.edu.ph
Keywords: Aircraft Maintenance, Dirty Dozen, Human Factors, Stress,
Aviation
According to several databases and studies, Santos and Melecio [1] indicate that
approximately 80 percent of all accidents and incidents are contributed by human
errors and human factors in the aviation industry. On the maintenance side of
aviation, these human factors are known as the Dirty Dozen. The Dirty Dozen is a
collection of the twelve most common human factors that may occur in the aviation
maintenance workplace. These factors affect a person’s capability to perform
effectively and safely, which in turn may lead to committing a maintenance error. In
relation to this, the study focuses on one of the components of Dirty Dozen factors –
Stress. The purpose of the study is to determine the following: the different factors
that may contribute to a maintenance personnel's stress, how stress may affect both
the working performance and health of the maintenance personnel, and how these
maintenance personnel cope and relieve stress. To conduct the study, a survey was
distributed to the aviation maintenance personnel, which includes both Aircraft
Maintenance Technicians (AMT) and Avionics Technicians (AVT), in Air Link
International Aviation College. The gathered data was analyzed and interpreted by
use of tables and graphs. Results show that there are several factors that contribute
to their stress with Working Environment and Lack of Equipment being common
primary causes. Moreover, the majority of the respondents’ answers indicate that
when stressed there is a negative outcome when it comes to both their health and
performance. Lastly, the aviation maintenance personnel found that getting enough
rest is the most effective way to relieve stress.
[1] Santos, L., & Melicio, R. (2019). Stress, Pressure and Fatigue on Aircraft Maintenance Personal.
International Review of Aerospace Engineering. Published. https://doi.org/10.15866/irease.v12i1.14860

JULY 14-15, 2022
The Cause and Effects of Ergonomics on Human Errors among
Aircraft Maintenance Mechanics of Air Link International
Aviation College
Lee Mosquera*, James Deato

*E-mail: lmosquera@aliac.edu.ph
Keywords: : Aircraft Maintenance, Ergonomics, Human Errors, Aviation
The purpose of this research was to learn about the causes and effects of human
errors, as well as whether ergonomics can be considered a factor in human errors
committed by aircraft mechanics at Air Link International Aviation College. The
researchers chose to conduct research on this topic because, as everyone knows,
human errors are one of the leading causes of accidents in the aviation industry,
which is why this research was conducted, to provide more knowledge as well as to
reduce the number of human errors. During the data collection phase of the study,
the researchers questioned five (5) ALIAC Aircraft Maintenance Mechanics, allowing
them to understand the connection between human errors and ergonomics. As a
result, the researchers found out the different factors that cause human errors such
as fatigue, miscommunication, lack of knowledge, norms, complacency, and many
more. Furthermore, the researcher discovered that ergonomics can be considered as
one of the factors that contribute to human errors because, according to data
gathered, the environment has a significant impact on the performance of
mechanics in the field.
Narvaez, T.M., & Noroña, M.I. (2021). A workplace design improvement for visual inspection in a Philippine-
based aircraft parts company: A cognitive ergonomic approach. Ieomsociety.Org. Retrieved from
http://www.ieomsociety.org/brazil2020/papers/601.pdf

JULY 14-15, 2022
Assessment on Gender Equality as the Main Driver for Female

Aircraft Mechanic Presence in the Aviation Industry
Jerald G. Orduna*, Juncen Gardose
ALIAC, Pasay City, Philippines

*E-mail: jorduna@alaic.edu.ph
Keywords: : Gender Equality, Aircraft Maintenance, Social Role
The purpose of this feasibility study is to see the dominant causes of why women are
drastically underrepresented in the aviation industry. Recent general gender studies
show that this is due to the gender discrimination in male-dominated fields, lack of
opportunities for women who took Science, Technology, Engineering, and
Mathematics (STEM) strand in senior high school, and lack of role models wherein
there are only a few women representing the aviation industry as a career. Moreover,
younger girls are hesitant to fight the status quo given that there are numerous
reports, indicative and supportive of “social roles' ' in Philippine society and
throughout the world. The participants aim to collect data from present female
aircraft maintenance students and engineers to highlight serious systemic and
structural issues in the industry through purposive sampling in local aircraft schools
in the Philippines. Sixty-minute semi-structured interviews are done to gather
information on how to better the learning and working environment for females and
to encourage more women to enter male-dominated fields such as aviation. With the
publishing of this research, the investigators promote gender equality and female
recognition in the field of STEM as not only a development in society but also a
standard.
Agarwal, D. P. (2020, March 05). Gender Bias In STEM: Women In Tech Still
Facing Discrimination. Retrieved from
https://www.forbes.com/sites/pragyaagarwaleurope/2020/03/04/gendr-bias-in-sm-women-in-tech-
report-facing-discrimination/?sh=1c2c1c6870fb
Feminist Theory and STEM. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.msmu.edu/newsroom/articles/feminist-theory-and-stem.php
Western Governors University. (2021, September 23). Why Are There So Few
Women In STEM. Retrieved from https://www.wgu.edu/blog/why-are-there-so-few-women-in-
stem1907.html#close
Omni Aviation (2019, July 21). Breaking gender roles: Being a female aircraft
maintenance specialist. Omni. Retrieved from
https://omniaviation.com/breaking-gender-roles-being-a-female-aircraftmai
ntenance-specialist/

AVIATION SECURITY & MANAGEMENT 1
SESSION CHAIR: MEREDITH REMCHIE OLIVEROS
Crislyn Del Castillo

Effectiveness of the safety and discipline
10:15 Dan Wilson Doto
department
Isabelita Villanoz
Private Security Agencies in Safeguarding the

10:30 Business Sector toward an Airport Security Rene Villanueva
Performance
Micah Joy Elora Mendoza

Arbhie Aguirre
Safety Risk Management Performance of The
Ron Joshua Antido
10:45 Philippine Air Force Personnel in Fernando Airbase
Alyssa Camille Goc
Hangar During Covid-19 Pandemic
Jireh Pancovilla
Ma. Barbara Gaco
Flight in Geopolitical Flashpoints: Implications of Francisco Jr Sanchez

11:00 Geopolitical Flashpoints in Aviation Industry cases Luigi Reginald Resoles
in East and Southeast Asia Arlynne Therese Bermejo
John Michael Jardelaza

Jimsreuben Alza
Safety and security of landside areas of Mactan- Arnold Adones Soriano
11:15
Cebu International Airport Keith Michael Cole
Dave Celada
Portia Suazo

JULY 14-15, 2022
Effectiveness Of The Safety And Discipline Department
Crislyn Del Castillo*, Dan Wilson H. Doton, Isabelita G. Villanoz
PATTS College of Aeronautics, Paranaque, Philippines

*E-mail: crislyn.delcastillo@patts.edu.ph
Keywords: discipline, effectiveness, safe school, safety, service, school
climate
The effectiveness of the services of the Safety and Discipline Department plays a
huge part on the students’ behavior in school. Several literatures support the idea
that a safe school leads to a good academic performance. These is possible though a
challenge to the management to ensure that the school is said to be a safe school
where parents are looking for. To ensure that the school provides effective services
on the said department, a study was conducted to ensure that the effectiveness of
the services is properly delivered in the academe. The results showed a very much
effective result on the implementation of the mission, vision, and objectives
including the way the department channeled the offenses got a very much effective
result. Respondents were also satisfied the department’s services in terms of the
human resource, duties and responsibilities, clarity and channeling of offenses got
an effective result. It was found out also that there were no significant relationships
on the respondents’ perception per year level and per program. The respondents
believed that the following are the actions that will make the discipline and safety
department serves much effectively by creating students help desk, implementing
work workplace safety program or trainings, installing of drop boxes, acquiring more
system and technology, adding awareness programs, hiring more staff, and imposing
of fines instead of suspension. The results of the study strengthened the framework
used that the behavior of the students depend upon the climate the school has
which relies on the safety and discipline department.

JULY 14-15, 2022
Private Security Agencies in Safeguarding the Business Sector

toward an Airport Security Performance
Rene B. Villanueva
Institute of Graduate Studies,

Philippine Stet College of Aeronautics, Pasay City Philippines
renebvillanueva@gmail.com
Keywords: Airport Security Performance
The most important resource of the private security agency is the personnel who deal directly
with the clientele. They are responsible for setting performance targets and establishing
provide services, and they are expected to provide assistance, security, orderliness, and
dissemination of accurate information to the clientele. However, the advancement of airport
security is a constantly important issue. These should not be taken for granted, starting from
security scanners to boarding security and carefully screening baggage. Airport security
impacts the safety of the passengers and the efficiency of airport operations. In addition, the
present study assesses the private security agencies in safeguarding the business sector
towards airport security performance. This study employed the descriptive method of
research using the survey questionnaire as a technique in gathering data among the sixty (60)
participants from the three (3) terminals of Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA) and the
four-point Likert scale was used. The result implies that Terminal B got a higher level of
efficiency in the screening process, customer service focus, experienced guards, compliance,
and insurance compared to Terminal A. While for the commitment to training, Terminal C
obtained a higher efficiency level than Terminal A. Furthermore, in Terminal B and C, the level
of efficiencies such as the screening process, commitment to training, customer service
focus, experienced guards, and compliance and insurance are on par. Lastly, the three
agencies had in common or no discrepancies in the level of efficiency as proven success and
specialization. Generally, Terminal A got the lowest level of efficiency among the three. Thus,
there must be an enhancement program for the private security agencies in the safeguarding
business sector toward airport security performance. Thus, they must adapt and modify some
features of quality management that might help them and the management to be a well-
improved organization.

JULY 14-15, 2022
Safety Risk Management Performance of the Philippine Air Force

Personnel in Fernando Airbase Hangar During Covid-19 Pandemic
Micah Joy Elora Mendoza, Arbhie Aguirre, Ron Joshua Antido, Alyssa Camille
Goc, Jireh Pancovilla, Ma. Barbara Gaco*

E-mail: gacoma.barbara@gmail.com
Keywords: Safety, Philippine Airforce, Risk Management, Covid-19
Pandemic
Safety risk management entails assessing and mitigating safety risks. The primary
objective of safety risk management is to assess the risks associated with identified
hazards and to develop and implement effective and appropriate mitigation
strategies. This study would only evaluate the performance of safety risk
management performance of the Philippine Air Force personnel in Fernando Air Base
hangar during the COVID-19 Pandemic. However, this could serve as the basis and
useful measurement of the group’s sincere intention of improving its performance
relative to the safety risk management, especially in times of crisis. The survey in the
study was based on a 4- Point Likert Scale to measure the level of agreement on the
performance and duties of the personnel in their service during the COVID-19
pandemic. The study has limited to a total of 80 personnel. The assessment of the
personnel’s performance points out that most of them strongly agreed that safety
risk management in terms of hazard identification, risk assessment, and risk
mitigation is duly implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the findings
and conclusions, this research offers a recommendation for executing a systematic
application and performance measurement of the requirements contained in safety
risk management regulations.
[1] Allahdadi et al., (2013). Safety Design for Space Operations (1st ed.). Houston, Texas, United States
of America: Elsevier Inc. Chapters.
[2] Creswell (2009). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (3rd
ed.). Thousand Oaks, California, United States of America: SAGE Publications, Inc.
[3] Price, J. (2013). Practical Aviation Security, Predicting and Preventing Future Threats (2nd ed.). New
York City, New York, United States of America: ButterworthHeinemann.

JULY 14-15, 2022
Flight in Geopolitical Flashpoints: Implications of Geopolitical
Flashpoints in Aviation Industry cases in East and Southeast Asia
Francisco Jr Sanchez*, Luigi Reginald Resoles, Arlynne Therese Bermejo
Philippine State College of Aeronautics, Pasay, Philippines

*E-mail: francelopezsanchezjr@gmail.com
Keywords: Geopolitics, Aviation, Flight
A Geopolitical Flashpoint is defined as territories that have political and geographical

contentions that may generate violence and conflict (Henriksson, 2003). One of the
most well known geopolitical flashpoint is the South China Sea, a contested territory
between Philippines, China, and maritime ASEAN countries like Indonesia, Brunei, and
Malaysia (Parameswaran, 2020). Despite the geopolitical flashpoints in East and
Southeast Asia being volatile areas, there are still continued presence of airspace
activities within these flashpoints both military and commercial in nature. This study
seeks to determine and analyze the implication of geopolitical flashpoints in terms of
Political, Economic, and Security of commercial flight activities within the airspaces
of select geopolitical flashpoints in East and Southeast Asia. The paper will be
qualitative in nature, in Case study design to understand the said implications of the
flashpoints in Political, Economic, and Security lenses, the researchers shall use
archival study in data gathering, analyzing trends through literature and statistical
content analysis. The concepts of freedom of navigation and political economics
shall be employed to understand how the flashpoints would implicate state relations
in accordance to policy making both local and regional that affect airspace activities
in commercial flights. The study seeks to be of importance in the field of Aviation
studies, notably in safety and security, as it also build a bridge between the fields of
international relations, geopolitics, and aviation.
References:
Henrikson, A. K. (2003). Henry Kissinger, Geopolitics, and Globalization. The Fletcher Forum of World
Affairs, 27(1), 95–123. http://www.jstor.org/stable/45289223
Parameswaran, P. (2020, April 2). Watch Asia's security flashpoints closely amid the Coronavirus
Challenge. – The Diplomat. Retrieved May 24, 2022, from https://thediplomat.com/2020/04/watch-asias-
security-flashpoints-closely-amid-the-coronavirus-challenge/

JULY 14-15, 2022
Safety and Security of Landslide Areas of Mactan-Cebu

International Airport
John Michael P. Jardelaza*, Jimsreuben G. Alza, Arnold Adones B. Soriano,

Keith Michael C. Cole, Dave L. Celada, Portia S. Suazo
Philippine State College Of Aeronautics Mactan Campus, Lapu-Lapu City, Philippines

*E-mail:jmichaeljardeleza@gmail.com

Keywords: Safety, Security, Landside Areas
This study aims to determine the safety and security of landside areas of Mactan-
Cebu International Airport, descriptive-quantitative approach is used with
researcher-made survey questionnaires as data gathering tool. The Status of safety
and security of landside area of airport at car park is very satisfactory. Status of
safety and security of landside area of the airport at departure terminal is very
satisfactory. On arrival terminal is very satisfactory. Business concessionaires are
very satisfactory with health protocols implemented strictly clean and safety
certified. Level of implementation of safety and security in the use of facility and
equipment is much implemented on strictly checking of tickets, passports and other
travel documents, terminals equipped with thermal shots and foot bath, presence of
exit and emergency areas with visible signages and security personnel, and baggage
check and security systems (cctv, metal detector) are available in terminals. Use of
sniffing dogs is much implemented on deployment at cargo areas and terminal
buildings, sniffing illegal odors in luggage, baggage, and surroundings, and
performing jobs with speed, accuracy, and efficiency. The top three problems
encountered in the level of implementation of safety and security measures are
nonprofiling and physical checking of vehicles entering the airport and no checking
of travel documents, and security personnel or Quick Reaction Forces are not
equipped with modern weapons.Action plan for enhancement of the safety and
security of the landside area of Mactan Cebu International Airport, Lapu-Lapu City is
recommended.
References:
Luel Galarpe, (2018). Cebu airport under heightened security alert/https://ptvnews.ph/cebu-airport-
heightened-security-alert/
Mactan - Cebu International Airport Authority (2021). Background Information section.
https://mciaa.gov.ph/profile/
Modić, Vidović, and Lovrić, (2016), Airport Landside Security: from recommended practice to
standard/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326320050
Navad Ahsan, (2019). Safety & Security Today | News on Safety, Security, Climate Change and Health.
Landside Security/http://sstoday.com.pk

AVIATION LOGISTICS
SESSION CHAIR: NORIEL LASTROLLO
John Jeffrey Castro

Best Procurement Practices for Local Aircraft
10:15 Operators: Towards Improving Aircraft
Noel Navigar
Management for Philippine Clients
Leo Mendel Rosario
Erick John Belo

Dianne Brindez
Assessing the Awareness and Engagement Level of
Antonio Lorenzo Rodriguez
10:30 Selected Logistics Companies in Metro Manila
Patrick Christopher Santos
towards Green Logistics
Mary Rose Tobias
Jose Antonio Mabute
Employees’ Organizational Commitment as a result
of Corporate Social Responsibility Activities:
10:45 Christian Tarroza

Employee Commitment Strategy for Air Freight
Forwarding Companies
John Carel Labandan

Franchesca Perreras
Assessment of Select General Aviation Companies
Jun Rie Amayna

11:00 as Potential Humanitarian Logistics Solutions to
Leslie Labendia
Covid-19 Pandemic
Abul Mohaimen Usman
Christian Tarroza
Jasper Masigla
Alyssa De Guzman
Operational Services Coping Mechanisms of Select
Bryan Compañero
11:15
Local Couriers in Response to COVID-19 Pandemic Jefferdine Pascua
Janelle Turco
Ruby Potian
John Niño Oliver Morales

Correlational Study on the Effects of Logistics
Fatima Rosemarie Hilvano
Services on the Level of Customer Satisfaction and
Veronica Paula Maglapuz
11:30
Retention Rate on Selected E-commerce
Yehlen Jhoy Perdon
Customers of Pasay City Christine Sescon
Noriel Lastrollo
Eunice Banayat
Jade Bryan Teraza
Reducing Aviation Logistical Handling and
Eugene Macalinga
11:45 Transport Mistake Through Improvement of
Ariel Luis Cunanan
Cognitive Functions
Leoric Christian Reyes
Christian Tarroza
12:00 LUNCH BREAK

JULY 14-15, 2022
Best Procurement Practices for Local Aircraft

Operators: Towards Improving Aircraft
Management for Philippine Clients
John Jeffrey C. Castro*1 , Ceciel Jane B. Mallorca2,

1
Noel R. Navigar 3, And Leo Mendel D. Rosario
1
Institute of Graduate Studies, Philippine State College of Aeronautics, Pasay City,
Philippines
2
PhilSCA Alumni Association, Philippine State College of Aeronautics, Pasay City,
Philippines
3
Research Development Center, Philippine State College of Aeronautics
*Email: johnjeffreycastro@yahoo.com.ph
Keywords: Safety, Security, Landside Areas
The procurement practices for local aircraft operators in the Philippines are
challenging. For example, the study assessed the effectiveness of aircraft purchase
practices in the aviation industry and improved aircraft management for Philippine
clients on the dimensions of transparency, flexibility, safety, competitive pricing, and
aircraft management services. The mixed-method was employed to analyze the
significant difference in the opinions of the participants on the effectiveness of
these practices in the aviation industry and the current level of improvement in
aircraft management, the problems encountered in aircraft purchase practices, and
the potential solutions recommended by the participants to overcome the problems
encountered. In addition, other aircraft purchase practices in the aviation industry,
which are not mentioned in the problem statement, are not included in the study.
The study's findings revealed a high level of awareness among aircraft purchasing
process participants in the dimensions of transparency, policy transparency for
clients, flexibility, safety, competitive pricing, and aircraft management services. In
addition, they were associated with achieving the best procurement practices for
local aircraft operators. Likewise, the result of the study also showed that the
potential solutions to overcome problems in aircraft procurement practices should
be focused on the practice of adherence to service level agreement, reduction in
production delays, and enhanced production rate and time.
[1] ACASS (2022). Aircraft management, Business Aviation Support Services, www.acass.com.
[2] AOPA (2022). Buying and aircraft: Resources to help with the aircraft purchase process, Aircraft
Owners and Pilots Association, https://www.aopa.org/go-fly/aircraft-and-ownership/buying-an-aircraft.
[3] CAA Philippines (2021). Civil aviation regulations part 5 airworthiness, Civil Aviation Regulations,
https://caap.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/PART-5-Airworthiness.pdf.
[4] Fuller, S. (2017). New online tool could make aircraft buying, selling more transparent,
https://www.aviationtoday.com/2017/10/17/new-online-tool-make-aircraft-buying-selling-transparent/.
[5] ISO (2022). ISO procurement policy and procedures, International Organization for Standardization, 1-
6, www.iso.org.

JULY 14-15, 2022
Assessing the Awareness and Engagement Level of Selected

Logistics Companies in Metro Manila towards Green Logistics
Erick John Belo, Dianne Brindez, Antonio Lorenzo Rodriguez, Patrick

Christopher Santos, Mary Rose Tobias, Jose Antonio Mabute*

*E-mail: jbmabute1@up.edu.ph
Keywords: Green logistics, Sustainability, Aviation
Logistics is a critical competitive component and a driver of global economic growth,

wealth development, and job creation (Ismail et al, 2019). Due to its high demand of
logistics services, our environment is extremely affected, hence, adapting green
logistics practices are imperative to minimize the pollution caused by the activities
in the logistics industry (Xia & Wang, 2013). A study employing quantitative method,
and used survey questionnaires to measure the awareness of logistics companies in
regards to green logistics was conducted in Metro Manila. It aimed to know the level
of awareness and engagement by selected logistics companies in Metro Manila, with
the objectives of identifying the practices related to green logistics a company
implements. Furthermore, the study identifies the barriers that holding back logistics
companies in applying green logistics. Results revealed that most of the companies
are already aware about the benefits of green logistics and some of them are already
implementing some activities that involves green logistics, Also, most of the barriers
are internal such as cost implication, fear of failure and company’s size being in the
third world country. Moreover, this study enabled the researchers to discover that
regardless of sustainability and ecological outcomes, the companies have a hard
time implementing green logistics due too high cost and lack of government
support.
[1] Ismail F., Ashfaq M., Irum S., Alifiah M. N., Adnan H. (2019). Awareness on Green Logistics among
Transportation Companies in Johor towards Business Performance. Bhopal, India. Retrieved from:
https://www.ijrte.org/wpcontent/uploads/papers/v8i2S/B10350782S19.pdf
[2] Xia Y., Wang B. (2013) GREEN LOGISTICS IN LOGISTICS INDUSTRY IN FINLAND. Lahti, Finland.
Retrieved from https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/57115/Xia_Yingying_Wang_
Bo.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y

JULY 14-15, 2022
Employees’ Organizational Commitment as a result of
Corporate Social Responsibility Activities: Employee
Commitment Strategy for Air Freight Forwarding Companies
Christian R. Tarroza
Aviation Logistics Program, Philippine State College of Aeronautics, Pasay City,
Philippines
christianreyestarroza@gmail.com
Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Air Freight Forwarders,
Employee Organizational Commitment
Corporate Social Responsibility focuses on corporate obligation and transparency,

which includes the benefit of the society, ethical concerns, environmental, and
economic measures that are typically voluntary and are usually undertaken both
inside and outside of the market and company activity (Riano & Yakovleva, 2020).
The framework for Corporate Social Responsibility includes Internal and External
dimensions in which Stakeholders’ benefits are considered aside from the direct
beneficiaries outside of the company. The study aims to aid Air Freight Companies
with a recommendatory framework for the organization’s Corporate Social
Responsibility Activities that is believed to enhance employee’s Organizational
Commitment. Using the multi-dimensional approach of Organizational Commitment
theory by (Meyer & Allen 1991) which includes the Affective, Continuance, and
Normative Approach, the research examines how organizationally committed
employees of Air Freight Forwarding Companies are and how employee involvement
in the company’s corporate social responsibility activities affects their loyalty to
their respective air freight companies. Through the Quantitative method using
correlational design specifically through the use of Pearson R Moment Correlation,
the result of the quantitative analysis revealed that Air Freight Forwarding
Employee’s Age and Civil Status has statistically significantly predicted involvement
to Corporate Social Responsibility activities and Employee Organizational
Commitment and that there is a Positive Moderate Correlation between Engagement
to Corporate Social Responsibility and Employee Organizational Commitment. Based
on the result of Quantitative analysis, the research suggests that the more involved
employees are in their CSR projects, the more organizationally committed they are.
As a result, the study suggests that specific organizations perform or improve their
CSR programs by increasing employee understanding of CSR behavior and its long-
term sustainability.
[1] Riano, Julian & Yakovleva, Natalia. (2020a). Corporate Social Responsibility. 10.1007/978-3-319-
95726-5_26.

JULY 14-15, 2022
Assessment of Select General Aviation Companies as Potential
Humanitarian Logistics Solutions to Covid-19 Pandemic
John Carel Labandan*, Franchesca Perreras, Jun Rie Amayna, Leslie Labendia,
Abul Mohaimen Usman, Christian Tarroza

Philippines
*jhoncarellabandan21@gmail.com

Keywords: General Aviation, Humanitarian Logistics, Covid-19 Response
This study aims to develop a deeper understanding of the role of General aviation in
serving humanitarian logistics. A phenomenological research design was used
through the use of a structured and standardized interview questionnaire to further
determine the challenges and practices of several General Aviation Entities in
conducting transportation related to Humanitarian Logistics. The study revealed that
the general aviation in terms of humanitarian logistics can be helpful in conducting
operations such as immediate transporting of medical supplies and relief goods,
transporting critically ill patients, and small cargo transport in remote areas
compared to the other modes of transportation that need several requirements
before it arrives. In addition, evidence shows that general aviation is a flexible and
effective way of humanitarian response solutions despite of the challenges they may
encounter, pre-determined and concluded. Overall, the researchers concluded that
Humanitarian Logistics can be more efficient along with the general aviation due to
the enhance capacity of transportation and access in remote areas. It could also
persuade the government to the possibility of using general aviation as an
alternative to military aviation in serving humanitarian logistics in times of crisis. A
recommendatory framework was suggested by the research to help General Aviation
perform more Humanitarian Logistics and Transactions especially in response to the
needs brought by Covid-19 pandemic in a more efficient and flexible manner.
[1] Nikbakhsh, Ehsan & Zanjirani Farahani, Reza. (2011). Humanitarian Logistics Planning in Disaster Relief
Operations. Logistics Operations and Management. 291-332. 10.1016/B978-0-12-385202-1.00015-3.

JULY 14-15, 2022
Operational Services Coping Mechanisms of Select Local
Couriers in Response to COVID-19 Pandemic
Jasper Masigla, Alyssa De Guzman, Bryan Compañero*, Jefferdine Pascua,

Janelle Turco, Ruby Potian
Aviation Logistics Department, Philippine State College of Aeronautics, Pasay City

*E-mail: bryanvalles924@gmail.com

Keywords: Coping mechanisms, Covid-19 Pandemic, Courier Services
The sector of courier organizations and businesses has undergone substantial

expansion and development in recent years. Due to the community isolation
measures being implemented in the Philippines to prevent the spread of disease, the
courier service industry has developed to become one of the most booming sectors
during the COVID-19 pandemic, as customers have shifted to online shopping.
However, the pandemic was producing difficulties for courier businesses. Therefore,
this research aims to investigate the various coping mechanisms used by chosen
local courier firms in the present pandemic crisis. The study used a narrative analysis
method to get a deeper understanding of the many challenges and coping methods
encountered by courier employees and organizations in order to continue providing
exceptional operational services despite the pandemic. The study held in Metro
Manila, includes managerial positions in any operation. Additionally, an interview was
done to acquire the study's data. According to the findings, courier companies
confront a variety of obstacles, including multiple protocols, community lockdowns,
manpower surges, delayed shipments, and other adjustments. The study indicated
that companies' coping mechanisms include people evaluation, adherence to a
restricted workforce, hazard compensation and incentives, management reform, and
strategy adaptation. As a result of these coping strategies, they were able to deliver
substantial and efficient services, which is critical for courier businesses'
development.
Dones, R. L. E., & Young, M. N. (2020). Demand on the of Courier Services during COVID- 19 Pandemic in
the Philippines. 2020 7th International Conference on Frontiers of Industrial Engineering (ICFIE).
https://doi.org/10.1109/icfie50845.2020.9266722
Ernst & Young Global Ltd. (2020). COVID-19 and pandemic planning: How companies should respond. Ernst
& Young Global Limited. Retrieved 2022, from https://www.ey.com/en_gl/covid-19/covid-19-and-
pandemicplanning--how- companies-should-res

JULY 14-15, 2022
Correlational Study on the Effects of Logistics Services on the
Level of Customer Satisfaction and Retention Rate on Selected
E-commerce Customers of Pasay City
John Niño Oliver Morales, Fatima Rosemarie Hilvano*, Veronica Paula

Maglapuz, Yehlen Jhoy Perdon, Christine Sescon, Noriel A Lastrollo

Philippines
*fatimarosemariehilvano@gmail.com
Keywords: E-commerce consumer, Customer Satisfaction, Customer
Retention, Local courier, Pasay City
For several years, academics have discussed the significance of logistics in B2C e-
commerce, and the consensus is that logistics is an integral aspect of every e-
commerce enterprise (Ramanathan et al., 2014). Indeed, logistics is viewed as a
source of competitive advantage (Visser and Nemoto, 2012), and the ecommerce
business treats distribution network stability as a performance driver (Cho et al.,
2018). To fully understand the effects of logistics services on the level of customer
satisfaction and retention rate, the researchers employed a correlational research
design in conducting an in-depth study on 100 ecommerce consumers of Lazada who
have purchased and experienced at least ten times from the said online shopping
platform whose age ranges from 18 to 31 years old coming from the city of Pasay,
Metro Manila. To approach the main problem, the researchers focused on identifying
what are the effects of logistics services in the E-commerce industry in terms of
customer satisfaction and customer retention, which logistics services affect
customer satisfaction and customer retention and what recommendary framework/s
can be proposed. The conclusions revealed that timeliness, accuracy, and care taken
during the distribution process to the end destination, massively impacts
consumer’s satisfaction levels and retention rate. Moreover, most of the consumers
belong to the Generation Z and Millennials age group. In addition, Lazada was able to
offer transparency which is a very critical factor in assessing concerns and issues
regarding parcels. The study shows that the after-sales service matters just as
important in satisfying new customers and retaining old ones.
[1]Ramanathan, R., George, J. and Ramanathan, U. 2014, "The role of logistics in E- commerce transactions:
An exploratory study of customer feedback and risk", in Supply Chain Strategies, Issues and Models,
Ramanathan R, and Ramanathan U. (Ed.), London, Springer, pp. 221-233.
[2]Visser, JGSN and Nemoto, T (2002). “E-commerce and the consequences for freight transport”. In E
Taniguchi, and R.G. Thompson (Eds.), Innovations in freight transport, Boston: WITpress, pp. 165-193.
[3]Cho J.J., Ozment, J., and Sink, H. (2018), “Logistics capability, logistics outsourcing and firm
performance in an e-commerce market”, International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics
Management, Vol. 38, No. 5, pp. 336 – 359.

JULY 14-15, 2022
Reducing Aviation Logistical Handling and Transport Mistake
Through Improvement of Cognitive Functions
Eunice Banayat*, Jade Bryan Teraza, Eugene Macalinga, Ariel Luis Cunanan,
Leoric Christian Reyes, Christian Tarroza

Philippines
*Efybanayat@gmail.com

Keywords: Cognitive function, Logistical Processes, Criterions
The purpose of this study is to Determine the key drivers of cognitive function that
influences effective and efficient performance of logisticians on selected companies
in Pasay City and Paranaque City and find out the strategies of the companies in
reducing the mistakes committed by their employees and improve the flow of
operation. In order to find the answer that we seek, we employed a quantitative-
qualitative research methodology through conducting survey and interview. The
findings of the study showed that there are several indicators of cognitive function
that influence the smooth and efficient flow of the logistical processes. Findings
have also shown about the common mistakes present in both handling and
transportation process such as lost documents as the primary problem. Being
attentive to the given task is an essential way to prevent this from happening. Also,
there are sets of different criterions each with different and unique strategies that
the companies have in addressing common mistakes committed such as a pre-
assessment, client-based assessment, weekly meetings, and seminars. Lastly, the
study recommends future researchers to conduct study about the factors of low-
motivation at work in the aviation industry and how to improve it.

SESSION CHAIR: ENGR. JOHN GABRIEL DECENA
Miguel Rivera
Survey of Composite Manufacturing in the
Marx Faith Sean Andaya
10:15 Philippines: Basis for Aviation Research
Zyrille John Coderes
Collaboration for Higher Education Winona Antonette Siozon
Strengthening the National Service Training

Clemen John Tuala
10:30
Program in Aviation Schools Eleonor Calayag
The Philippine State College of Aeronautics in the

10:45 Rene Bersoto
Aviation Industry Global Value Chain
Lizet Ann Claire Dela Cruz

A correlation analysis of a flight instructor’s working
Lyle Andre Pebenito
11:00 condition as a contributing factor to fatigue in a
Margaux Ragasa
Bulacan based Aviation Training Organization Jovencio Urbien
Juri Fiel Kane Catungal
Predicting Aircraft Maintenance Technology
11:15 Student’s Licensure Performance Through Mock

Louell Cabanela
Reviewer System Using Regression Model
Camille Toretio
Rhejina De Lena
Significant Relationship of Academic Standing and
Jayson Lascano
Behavioral Inputs of the Students of the Philippine
11:30 Sheena Mae Serrano
State College Ofaeronautics towards Online
Jedwin Jerson Tumasis
Learning
Kathrina Mercado
Ludivina Cunanan
Ian Kerby Donor

Leandro Mari Mandigma
Conceptual Comprehension on Basic Electric
Lemuel Paderez
11:45 Circuits Using DIRECT Instrument of BSAET 4th Year
John Benedict Samar

Students
Kenneth Camyr Mindajao
Elisa Grampil
12:00 LUNCH BREAK

JULY 14-15, 2022
Survey of Composite Manufacturing in the Philippines:

Basis for Aviation Research Collaboration for Higher Education
1 1 1
Miguel F. Rivera* , Marx Faith Sean R. Andaya , Zyrille John Q. Coderes , Winona
1 2
Antonette R. Siozon , Leo Mendel D. Rosario
1
Aeronautics, Pasay City, Philippines
2
*E-mail: rivera.miguel2112@gmail.com
Keywords: Survey, Composite Manufacturing, Aviation Research, Higher
Education
The utilization of composite materials in aircraft structures has been growing

steadily for several decades. Composite materials offer high material strength, cost-
effectiveness, and environmental sustainability. Despite the widespread use of
composite materials in aviation, there is no consolidated list of Philippine composite
manufacturing companies with their primary information and types of composites.
This study developed a catalog of composite manufacturers in the Philippines and
their products. Online key informant interviews and secondary source inquiries were
conducted to determine the properties of their composite products. The findings
have shown that some composite products from the manufacturers were not
applicable to aircraft structures. However, the manufacturing process available from
the companies may be partially adapted for aviation applications. This study will
serve as a basis for research collaboration of aviation schools with composite
manufacturers.
Pattan, M., Shetty, S., J, Bipin, J., Sajjan, S.C., (2019). Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Hybrid
Composite Material, 7(7), 1-5.

JULY 14-15, 2022
Strengthening the National Service Training Program

in Aviation Schools
1,2
Clemen John Tuala* , Eleonor Calayag 2
1
2
*E-mail: clemen.tuala@gmail.com
Keywords: Aviation Education, NSTP, ROTC, CWTS, LTS, RA 9163
The NSTP-CWTS is an effective/good educational innovation in the tertiary education

in the Philippines under the Republic Act No. 9163 known as the Act of Establishing
the National Service Training Program (NSTP) for Tertiary Level Students. The
National Service Training Program (NSTP) Philippines' is a type of service learning
that combines community service with education to increase students' civic and
communal duties. The goal of this research is to figure out how to strengthen the
NSTP program in Aviation Schools, ROTC in particular, which to date were one of the
concerns of the Congress and Senate as well as its effects on self-improvement and
performance participation in the community, presentation of strengths and skills,
and the challenges students experienced while enrolling in their different NSTP
classes; the participants in this study were 33 Graduates of the NSTP Course. A
questionnaire via google form were used to collect the information needed for the
study. Likewise, it looked on the extent of the attainment of the objectives of the
program as perceived by the graduates. This study evaluated the existing National
Service Training Program of Aviation Schools, in which the findings could be used as
the basis for the program enhancement of the aviation schools. In addition, the study
sought answers on questions on the extent of implementation of NSTP in terms of
program’s mission, goals and objectives. Likewise, the level of awareness of the
students had been evaluated under the component of ROTC, CWTS and LTS and their
awareness on values, concept of self-improvement, performance, community
involvement and demonstration of competencies in nation building. The findings
implied that NSTP is beneficial. The classes were beneficial in terms of self-
improvement, performance, and community involvement, engagement and, to some
extent, exhibition of students' abilities and capabilities. However, despite the many
benefits of this learning process for all participants, in his conclusion, the researcher
points out several challenges which still need to be overcome to strengthen the NSTP
in Aviation Schools.

JULY 14-15, 2022
The Philippine State College Of Aeronautics In The Aviation
Industry Global Value Chain
Rene E. Bersoto

reb020311@gmail.com
Keywords: Aviation, Aeronautics, Global Value Chain
The study is aimed at looking at the situation of the aviation industry in the post-
pandemic scenario with particular focus on the crucial role of the Philippine State
College of Aeronautics (PhilSCA). Like many other academic institutions and aviation
organizations, PhilSCA as a leading state college in aeronautics and aviation
engineering and technology, as well as liberal arts and sciences, has suffered from
the setbacks of the pandemic. Given the opportunity to build-back-better from this
global health crisis, the college is poised to become an important player in the
myriad academic and training services, which includes among others,
internationalization, research, community engagement and public sector partner.
Likewise, PhilSCA positions itself as an able industry partner in the global value chain
of the aeronautics services. Of principal concern is how the college would prepare its
organizational structure and academic content to suit the demands of the
immediate future of the aviation industry. Also, how the college looks beyond the
threats of pandemic and be a government partner in facing some other global
threats and surprises which may pose risk to its citizens and its infrastructure.

JULY 14-15, 2022
A Correlation Analysis of a Flight Instructor’s Working Condition

as a Contributing Factor to Fatigue in a Bulacan Based Aviation
Training Organization
Lizet Ann Claire Dela Cruz, Lyle Andre’ Pebenito, Margaux Ragasa, Jovencio
Urbien*, Juri Fiel Kane Catungal
Aeronautical Engineering Department, Institute of Engineering and Technology,

*E-mail: jovieurbien714@gmail.com
Keywords: Fatigue, Flight Instructor, Working conditions
Fatigue-related issues have contributed to about one-fifth of all aviation accidents.

Training pilots requires rigorous standards from flight instructors. Flight training is a
demanding activity that exposes flight instructors to various physiological and
psychological elements that might cause fatigue. This study aims to gain a clear
understanding of the working conditions that cause fatigue in flight instructors. It
also includes the training provided to aircraft pilots, their average workload, as well
as factors that may lead respondents to indicate a higher frequency of fatigue
during flight training activities. In addition, a survey was conducted to examine how
flight instructors deal with weariness. Overall, the data gathered by this study show
that the working conditions contribute to flight instructors’ fatigue. Most flight
instructors know how to manage fatigue by reducing workload, getting enough
sleep, and adhering to a routine. Results show that according to the survey piloted,
managing fatigue is challenging. There is a lack of quality sleep, an excessive
workload, and irregular sleeping patterns.

JULY 14-15, 2022
Predicting Aircraft Maintenance Technology Student’s
Licensure Performance Through Mock Reviewer System Using
Regression Model
Louell Cabanela
Keywords: Regression model, CAAP licensure exam, predictive analytics
After decades of research and development, computer science and information

technologies are now reaching a point where predictive models are very important.
Nowadays, higher education institutions are paying much attention to licensure
examination performance of their graduates and providing thorough reviews to
make them ready for the actual examination. However, limited studies pertaining to
the development and integration of mock review examination together with the
prediction of licensure performance in one system that will forecast how likely the
student will pass or fail before the actual licensure exam. This study focused on the
generation of the licensure examination performance models applying the formula
and the Algorithm of Regression techniques. Specifically, the development of a mock
reviewer or career placement examination system that will serve as an alternative
way or mode of preparing academic institutions and its students to gain a high
probability on obtaining more passers specially providing sufficient guidance and
time allotment to review and prepare more if necessary and also to make a way for
those who likely to fail to have an opportunity for appropriate actions and
interventions. It generated prediction models using R and WEKA; and will determine
how likely is a reviewee to pass the CAAP’s licensure Examination for AMT. The
respondents were obtained from the Aircraft Maintenance Technology Students
from the Institute of Engineering and Technology of Philippine State College of
Aeronautics who took a Mock examination from the institute.

JULY 14-15, 2022
Significant Relationship of Academic Standing and Behavioral

Inputs of the Students of the Philippine State College of
Aeronautics towards Online Learning
Camille Toretio*, Rhejinade Lena, Jayson Lascano, Sheena Mae Serrano,

Jedwin Jerson Tumasis, Kathrina Mercado, Ludivina Cunanan

*E-mail: camilletoretio@gmail.com
Keywords: Academic Standing, Behavioral Inputs, Correlational, Online
Learning, PhilSCA
In the intercession of the Covid-19 pandemic, learning institutions experienced

challenges as the government implemented rules and regulations in order to
minimize human interaction which is a contributing factor to the increase of covid
cases.This sort of circumstance comes to pass various difficulties to the educational
institutions and forces educators/teachers to shift to web-based methods of
teaching such as distance or online learning. Online learning has been introduced as
a method of building up interaction among teachers and students in a virtual
environment. The e-learning is characterized by different environments like
synchronous and asynchronous. Considering all these, the researchers aimed to find
out the significant relationship of academic standing and behavioral inputs of the
students of the Philippine State College of Aeronautics towards online learning. This
research study employed quantitative-correlational research design since the
primary objective of the study is to determine the relationship of the variables. So
much so, the researchers utilized Google Forms as the primary platform in
administering the survey questionnaire among the target respondents. As the
results, the study revealed that there is a weak correlation between the academic
standing and behavioral inputs of the students toward online learning. With a r-value
of 0.18737, the researchers interpreted it as weak correlation. Lastly, the researchers
recommended that teachers, professors and instructors should have a plan on how
to provide a conducive learning environment to the students towards the continuous
creation of knowledge, thus, securing and allowing students to have a good
academic performance with the assurance that students will not experience
predicaments in terms of their holistic health.
REFERENCES:
Allen, I. E, & Seaman, J. (2016). Changing course: Ten years of tracking online education in the United
States. The Online Learning Consortium
Maganga, J., (2016). Factors Affecting Students’ Academic Performance: A Case Study Of Puplic Secondary
Schools In Ilala District, Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania

JULY 14-15, 2022
Conceptual Comprehension on Basic Electric Circuits using

DIRECT Instrument of BSAET 4th Year Students
Ian Kerby Donor*, Leandro Mari Mandigma, Lemuel Paderez, John Benedict
Samar, Kenneth Camyr Mindajao, Elisa Grampil

*E-mail: donorian42@gmail.com
Keywords: Basic Electric, DIRECT Instrument, Aviation
This research aims to describe the profile of the students’ conceptions and
perception of simple electronic circuit of the BSAET 4th year students’ Academic
year 2021-2022 as well as their misconceptions. The study utilized a descriptive and
quantitative research design involving the administration of Determining and
Interpreting Resistive Electric Circuits Concept Test (DIRECT), an interview was
administered to survey the students’ conceptions and misconceptions supporting
the first test. Based on the result, the general population of BSAET 4th Year students
has a low comprehension regarding basic electric circuit. Male and female students
do not have significant difference on the student’s comprehension on basic
electronic circuit. Moreover, the degree of comprehension of 4th year section four
has the lowest degree compared to the other sections. The study also showed some
misconceptions of the students about electricity like, shared current, electrons
travel at a speed of light, current flow as water flow, short circuit, and local
reasoning models. In addition, supporting the students’ misconceptions, they
address the issue and gave insights on what do they really think, why they have
occurring misconceptions and within their studies. The student’s stated that their
misconception came from different factors as majority of them stated the
instructor’s teaching styles, teaching approach, instructors’ methodology or
operation and also the student themselves in relation to their study habits and
outlook in life, in addition the students face uncertainty, confusion, unawareness and
as well as forgetting the lessons over a period of time has also influence the existing
misconception. The researchers recommend conducting the study in a much larger
scale and using different strategies to improve the students’ conceptual
understanding of basic electronic circuit to address these misconceptions and
enhance their knowledge. We also recommend them to conduct in different
universities and electronic schools to provide more participants and different
responses from the different people and also have a more compact or solid results.
REFERENCES:
[1] Sangam, D. (2012). Conceptual Understanding of Resistive Electric Circuits among First-Year
Engineering Students. West Lafayette: Purdue University.
[2] Scholz, D., & Thorbeck, J. (2015). Computer Based Training in Aircraft Design Education. University of
Applied Sciences

AMT 4
SESSION CHAIR: DR. FROILAN BALUCIO
Sofia Isabelle Lumbera

Hydraulically-Operated Automatic Aircraft Wheel Angelo Llaga
3:15 Chocks: A Proposed Alternative Design for Manual Vince Lorenz Hernandez
Wheel Chocks in The Airport Apron Rendrhae Huelgas
Martell Gerard Anthony Geli
Andrei Juan Gonzales

Leonar Basco
Raynis Bundang
The Installation of Light Sensors in Aircraft Chocks: Adrian Mali
3:30
A Proposal for Enhanced Ground Safety Lariella Reign Ongoco
Ma. Stephanie Talens
Wendell Garcia
Ludiviina Cunanan
Jerome Miranda
Tensile strength of Graphene Oxide-Stretched Ma. Angelica Cajis
3:45
Acrylic Glass Matrix utilized for Aviation glass Jeremiah Comeda
John Louie Rabanzo
Mechanical characterization of stereolithography Psalm Gamier

(SLA)/digital light processing (DLP) printing resin Fhranzis Garcia
4:00
using water hyacinth-photopolymer matrix Nikka Magno
composite material for aircraft interior Daniel Santos
Marvic Del Poso

John Axiel Iglesia
Eric Ariel Ronquillo
Effect of the Pandemic to the Employment of
Wency Ace Tulud
4:15 Graduates of Aircraft Maintenance Technology in
Joshua Yabut
the Philippine State College of Aeronautics
Lueigy Oria
Cathlyne Carlos
Ludivina Cunanan

JULY 14-15, 2022
Hydraulically-Operated Automatic Aircraft Wheel Chocks: A
Proposed Alternative Design for Manual Wheel Chocks in The
Airport Apron
Sofia Isabelle D. Lumbera, Angelo G. Llaga, Vince Lorenz L. Hernandez,

Rendrhae S. Huelgas, Martell Gerard Anthony C. Geli

Keywords: Wheel Chocks, Alternative Design, Airport Apron
The probability of aircraft operation being delayed or suspended by a sudden

inconvenience can significantly lose money. Some of the disturbances can be traced
back to the chocks being stuck in the aircraft wheels. By eliminating these kinds of
problems, researchers came up with ideas to make sure that suspension and
disturbances of flight operations are close to zero probability as much as possible.
This experimental research aimed to provide a reliable design that can substitute the
commercially available aircraft wheel chock in the market by modernizing chocking
without compromising the performance and reliability of chocks in the aircraft
operation. It can lessen the probability of aircraft operation delays and increase the
safety and effectiveness of aircraft ground personnel in operation. The proposed
design is developed to be convenient and easy to maintain. The researcher
presented miniature models to demonstrate how the design works and a manual on
maintaining the product when executed in an actual scenario. The researchers
conducted surveys to particular groups of skilled people in both aircraft operation
and ground handlings. These surveys supported the proposed design by the
researchers for modernizing the application of aircraft wheel chocks.
REFERENCES:
[1] Alexander, D. (2021). The History and Evolution of the Wheel. Retrieved from
https://interestingengineering.com/the-history-and-evolution-of-the-wheel
[2] Apron. (2021). [Web blog post]. Retrieved from
https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.stratosjets.com/blog/apron/amp/
[3] Budimir, M. (2018) Linear Actuators: Smarter more Powerful. Retrieved from
https://www.linearmotiontips.com/linear-actuators-smarter-morepowerful/?
fbclid=IwAR3_KP01GYB9vxBM2wRUeIgUExTrefBZ_fURiHWxBDvYy- w1k7rPx0bq14

JULY 14-15, 2022
The Installation of Light Sensors in Aircraft Chocks: A Proposal
for Enhanced Ground Safety
Andrei Juan D. Gonzales*, Leonar D. Basco, Raynis Bundang, Adrian L. Mali,

Lariella Reign R. Ongoco, Ma. Stephanie M. Talens, Wendell Garcia,
Ludiviina Cunanan

*E-mail:andreijuangonzals@gmail.com
Keywords: Improvements, Chocks, Light sensors, Maintenance, Zero
Visibility, Ground Operations, Omni Aviation
This study aims on the improvement of wheel chocks to further enhance ground
safety during ground operations. Wheel Chocks refer to a wedge sturdy material
placed closely against a vehicle’s wheels to prevent accidental movement. Today’s
design of chocks for light aircraft does not guarantee the full safety as it can be
overlooked and can be misplaced. The objective of the study is to construct an
improved chocks with light sensors. The main component of these chocks is metal to
make it more efficient and safer when using. The light sensor feature makes it
different from the traditional chocks as it provides additional visibility that can
improve safeness during ground operations.Based from the evaluation of some
Aircraft Mechanics in selected aviation company in Clark Air Base, the installation of
light sensor in aircraft chocks can help in the visibility of chocks in low to zero
visibility conditions and can further enhance ground safety during low to zero
visibility conditions. Therefore, the Installation of Light Sensors in Aircraft Chocks is
proven safe and effective to be used in the aviation industry. This research is created
to enhance the safety capabilities for the aircraft and also for the maintenance
personnel and for enhancement of ground safety
FIG. 1. with Light Sensor placed in Cessna 152.

JULY 14-15, 2022
Tensile strength of Graphene Oxide-Stretched Acrylic Glass

Matrix utilized for Aviation glass
Jerome Miranda*, Ma. Angelica Cajis, Jeremiah Comeda, John Louie Rabanzo

*E-mail: romemiranda04@gmail.com
Keywords: Graphene Oxide, Electrochemical exfoliation, in-situ
polymerization
Aviation glass such as Aircraft windows and windshields is typically made up of stretched
acrylic. Manufacturers use unplasticized methyl-methacrylate based polymers to achieve the
transparency of the aircraft structural panels. However, these plastics are easily scratched in
flight and during other maintenance services. The advent of modern technology paved the
way to production of materials with remarkable physical and mechanical properties. One of
which is Graphene Oxide (GO). It can be mixed with various materials to serve as a carrier or
to improve the properties of the materials. In this study, the material the researchers intend
to produce is an acrylic glass matrix made up of Graphene oxide and Stretched Acrylic with
better physical and mechanical properties compared to its predecessors. The graphene oxide
nanoparticles were produced from graphite rods of used batteries thru electrochemical
exfoliation and mixed up with Poly Methyl Methacrylate (PMMA) or acrylic using in-situ
polymerization process. The initial examination of Graphene Oxide as nanoparticles was
conducted via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). There were three percentages by volume
of graphene oxide that were mixed with PMMA— 2.5%, 3.5% and 5.5%. Each sample of the
acrylic glass matrix underwent Tensile strength test using the process in American Society of
Testing Materials (ASTM) D638. The results of the tensile strength test were analyzed using
one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The best percentage by volume of Graphene oxide-
stretched acrylic glass matrix was determined. The results of within-groups ANOVA indicate
that there was a significant difference from the matrices of GO-Stretched acrylic glass on
the tensile strength. Multiple comparisons of each Category test group for its Tensile
Strength using Tukey’s Honestly significant difference (HSD) revealed that the comparisons
between Stretched Acrylic and 3.5% GO-Stretched Acrylic Glass matrix have the only
significant difference on the tensile strength.
Table 1. ANOVA of Elongation Percentage at Break

JULY 14-15, 2022
Mechanical Characterization of Stereolithography (SLA)/Digital

Light Processing (DLP) Printing Resin using Water Hyacinth-
Photopolymer Matrix Composite Material for Aircraft Interior
Psalm Gamier*, Fhranzis Garcia, Nikka Magno, Daniel Santos

*E-mail: gamierpsalm123@gmail.com
Keywords: Water Hyacinth, 3D Printing, Photopolymer Matrix
Nowadays, Natural fibers become one of the hot topics when it comes to
construction industry. One huge source of natural fiber is the water hyacinth which
is very popular not only in the Philippines but to all over the world as aquatic pest.
The focus of this study is to create a 3D printing resin from the mixture of water
hyacinth fiber and the conventional SLA/DLP 3d printing resin used for aircraft
interior. The research design that was used in this study is experimental method.
Water hyacinth will undergo in the series of procedure before mixing it to the
conventional 3D printing resin. Decortication process will create fibers from the
stalk of the water hyacinth and to lessen its water absorption capability which is
suitable for mixing in the resin it will undergo a so-called fiber bleaching treatment.
The experimental product was subjected to Izod Impact test and Tensile property
test including Tensile Strength (MPa), Tensile Stress at Break (MPa), Tensile Stress
at Yield (MPa), Tensile Strain (Elongation) at Yield (%), Tensile Strain (Elongation) at
Break (%), and Modulus of Elasticity (MPa). Testing, and computation are used to
determine the numerical values of the aforementioned tests. Then, these results are
utilized to calculate the effectiveness of the experimental product.

JULY 14-15, 2022
Effect of the Pandemic to the Employment of Graduates of

Aircraft Maintenance Technology
in the Philippine State College of Aeronautics
Marvic Del Poso*, John Axiel Iglesia, Eric Ariel Ronquillo, Wency Ace Tulud,
Joshua Yabut, Lueigy Oria, Cathlyne,Carlos, Ludivina Cunanan

*E-mail: byrondelposo@gmail.com

Keywords: Effects, pandemic, employment, graduates
The effect on AMT employment during the pandemic and to provide information
that will serve as an awareness and guidance to the industry in terms of
employment with the given kind of conflict situation. The researchers investigate
the Effect of the Pandemic to the Employment of Graduates of Aircraft Maintenance
Technology in the Philippine State College of Aeronautics Basa Campus, to present
the findings of a qualitative study under exploratory design. This research aims to
answer the questions that were given in the statement of the problem, to answer
those questions the researchers distributed a online survey-questionnaire method
of research to the respondents. Respondents said that they have difficulty in
getting a job. Most of them said that, before this pandemic there were many
opportunities and jobs to apply but now because of the pandemic the companies
have become more restrictive, and cut their employees because the budget is not
enough for their workers. Additionally, there are limited companies that are
currently taking because of the risk of spreading the virus from employees to the
company and vice versa. One of the respondents said that it’s too risky to go outside
during the pandemic but the passion drives the person to push themselves to the
limit and be there at the field and learn. It is also challenging to get hired because
lots of requirements are required like the swab test which can cause more. But some
of companies may hire employees based on the technical skills that the employee
possessed. On the other hand, some might consider because of some strings that
could be pull if the employee has a connection with someone who has a higher
position in the management
References:
https://blog.dviation.com/2019/02/18/heroes-of-the-sky-aircraft-maintenance-engineers/

AVIATION SECURITY & MANAGEMENT 2
SESSION CHAIR: DR. ALMA TAN
Kenneth De Dios
Effects of Coronavirus Pandemic in the Operations Kevin Valenzuela
3:15 of Omni Aviation Corporation in Clark Freeport, Felix Alegado
Pampanga Mercy Guinto
Mitzi Guttierrez
Jon Oliver Borcelis

A Qualitative Study on the Perception of Philippines
Andrew Manglicmot
3:30 AirAsia Pilots Towards Airborne Image Recorders
Byron Jay Polinga
(AIRS)
Niña Lei Ramirez
Airport Safety and Security of the Kalibo Jan Vic Basia

3:45
International Airport Under the New Normal Alfredo Joson
Gestoni Rectin
Integrated Security System: The Rise of Modern
4:00 Gilbert Salvador
Technologies in Airport Security
Romnel Angeles

JULY 14-15, 2022
Effects of Coronavirus Pandemic in the Operations of Omni

Aviation Corporation in Clark Freeport, Pampanga
Kenneth B. De Dios*, Kevin C. Valenzuela, Felix A. Alegado, Mercy P. Guinto,

Mitzi C. Gutierrez
Philippine State College of Aeronautics (PhilSCA) – Basa Air Base (BAB) Campus,
Pampanga, Philippines
*E-mail: kenzdedios6@gmail.com

Keywords: Effects, Pandemic, Protocol Guidelines, OMNI Aviation
Corporation
This research paper describes the effects of the coronavirus pandemic and
suggested other coping methods and safety guidelines when these kinds of
disasters happen. The researchers used the IPO format or the input process output
to show the process of conducting research in the Coronavirus pandemic. This IPO
model is a widely used approach in systems and describes the structure of an
information processing program or another process. The researchers used
quantitative descriptive research methods and frequency distribution was utilized
to obtain the percentage of the employees. The researchers used an online survey
questionnaire produced in Google forms and printed questionnaires as the primary
source of information in this research. Of the 100 employees of Omni Aviation
Corporation that are selected by the researchers, 62 of the employees were able to
answer the questionnaires. The researcher identified the demographic profile of the
respondents, they also learn the safety protocol adjustment of the company based
on the JATF Safety Guidelines, and lastly the effects of the pandemic on the
operation of the company.
References:
Kaitano Dube Ph.D., Godwell Nhamo Ph.D., David Chikodzi PhD COVID-19 pandemic and prospects for
recovery of the global aviation industry 21 January 2021.
Javier Andres Calderon-Tellez, Milton M.Herrera Appraising the impact of air transport on the
environment: Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic 18 March 2021.

JULY 14-15, 2022
A Qualitative Study on the Perception of Philippines AirAsia

Pilots towards Airborne Image Recorders (AIRS)
Jon Oliver Borcelis, Andrew Manglicmot*, Byron Jay Polinga, Niña Lei Ramirez

*E-mail: andrew.manglicmot@gmail.com
Keywords: Airborne Image Recorder, Perception, Thematic Analysis
Despite the safety of air travel, there are cases where an aircraft accident
investigation could only come to a clear conclusion when the Airborne Image
Recorder (AIR) data is available. However, the Air Line Pilots Association opposed the
installation of AIRs, stating privacy and reliability issues as their reasons. With this,
the aim of this study is to determine the perception of Philippines AirAsia pilots
regarding AIRs and its potential installation, if they agree or not, and what effects
they think this will bring. The 10 respondents were chosen through purposive
sampling, and through a thematic analysis which identified themes and patterns in
the data, two main themes were identified: Positive and Negative Connotations.
These themes were the result of initial coding, which were grouped into sub-
themes, and then grouped again into main themes. It was determined that seven out
of ten pilots agree that AIR installation will make a positive improvement on current
flight operations. However, the respondents also considered its negative impact in
terms of cost, privacy, discomfort, and misinterpretation of data. The study will
serve as additional information for the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines in
considering the mandate of AIR installation.

JULY 14-15, 2022
Airport Safety and Security of the Kalibo International Airport
Under the New Normal
2
Jan Vic Basia*1 , Alfredo Joson
1
2
*E-mail: jvbasia@aliac.edu.ph
Keywords: Aviation, Safety, Security
The aftermath of the COVID-19 outbreak brought lots of changes and challenges in
the economic recovery. The purpose of this study is to determine and evaluate the
effects of airport safety and security services in Kalibo International Airport under
new normal. Among the selected participants are thirty (30) passengers, ten (10)
airport safety securities, and ten (10) airport administrators. Statistically, this thesis
paper is a quantitative study and would utilize descriptive and correlational
research design to have an in-depth understanding of how passenger satisfaction is
perceived by the participants and identify several determinants associated with
their satisfaction. Furthermore, this study utilized and applied a four-point Likert
Scale to determine the effect of airport safety and security services under new
normal as well as evaluating passenger satisfaction when airport operation resumed
operation early quarter of 2021.Significantly, it emphasizes the importance of
airport safety and security services under new normal considering the resumption
of airport operations after series of lockdowns which dragged down their revenues.
To sum up, this study shall enable the helping of government agencies in the
management of all airport facilities in the Philippines, one of which is the Kalibo
International Airport in particular. By carrying out the outcome on passenger
satisfaction based on the performance level of airport safety and security services
including the implementation, improvement is possible to guarantee the overall
wellbeing of the general public.

JULY 14-15, 2022
Integrated Security System: The Rise of Modern Technologies in
Airport Security
Gestoni C. Rectin*, Gilbert F. Salvador, Romnel H. Angeles
WCC Aeronautical and Technological College, North Manila Campus, Philippines

E-mail: gestonirectin@gmail.com
Keywords: Airport Security, Integrated security system , Modern
technologies of Security
Security has become an ever increasing feature of our daily lives and nowhere is this
more readily apparent than in the airport. For the majority of passengers, the most
overt indicator is the queue at the security checkpoint as more rigorous checks on
passengers and their luggage cause bottlenecks. While passenger and baggage
screening understandably remains a high priority for airports, a more holistic
approach is often being adopted, one which brings together the different security
threats that are faced and deals with them through interoperable solutions using
fully integrated systems. Airport security refers to the techniques and methods
used in an attempt to protect passengers, staff, aircraft, and airport property from
accidental/malicious harm, crime, terrorism, and other threats. Aviation security is a
combination of measures and human and material resources in order to safeguard
civil aviation against acts of unlawful interference. Unlawful interference could be
acts of terrorism, sabotage, threat to life and property, communication of false
threat, bombing, etc. Integrated security systems are a type of multi-layered system
that uses different components and threads them into one. An ‘integrated security
system’, for example, usually refers to the combining or ‘integrating’ of two or more
electronic security systems, such as access control, video surveillance and intruder
detection. It can also refer to a ‘wide angled’ approach to security that incorporates
not only physical security measures, like guarding and CCTV, but also cyber
security, health and safety, and business continuity, etc. Majority of international
airports use integrated security system for their security. With new trends in
security, an airport now utilizes modern technologies to ensure the safety and
security of passengers. The main purpose of this study is to know the trends in using
modern technologies and its benefits to the general physical security management
of airports in the country.

AERONAUTICAL / AEROSPACE ENGINEERING 2
SESSION CHAIR: ENGR. JOEFREIM DELICANO
James Albert Baldrias

High-Frequency Aeroacoustic Effects of the
Andrea Capilla
3:15 Utilization of Trailing Edge Serrations on Helicopter
John Angelo Consunji
Rotor Blades
Tristan Fuellas
Marianne Ong
Gabriel Mon Andrei Daliva
MALINTALA: A Mission to Observe the Van Allen
3:30 Ivan Lance Casupang
Radiation Belts
Ivan Christian Agpalasin
Sherwin Trinidad
Daniel Albert L Sanchez

Philippine Space Agency: Its Influence On Students’
Ralph Asley Namuco
3:45 Preferences For An Aerospace Engineering Degree
John Lloyd A. De La Cruz
In Air Link International Aviation College
Sherwin Trinidad
John Ronald Palmeda

Utilization of Ultrasonic Testing to Aerospace Precious Jade Golveo
4:00
Materials Production Shawn Douglas Garaygay
Sherwin Trinidad
The Influence of Aerospace Engineering Students’ Eldrigde Alfon Plando

4:15 Computer-Aided Drafting Skills on their Carlos Vincent Obdin
Employability Sherwin Trinidad
Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Joshua Calosa

4:30 Yoshimura Origami Pattern-Adapted Active Surface Wai Ling Chia
Modifier on Aircraft Wing Myrrh Palen

JULY 14-15, 2022
High-Frequency Aeroacoustic Effects of the Utilization of
Trailing Edge Serrations on Helicopter Rotor Blades
James Albert Baldrias, Andrea Capilla, John Angelo Consunji*, Tristan Fuellas

*E-mail: consunji.angelo@gmail.com
Keywords: Airport Security, Integrated security system , Modern
technologies of Security
Security has become an ever increasing feature of our daily lives and nowhere is this more
readily apparent than in the airport. For the majority of passengers, the most overt indicator
is the queue at the security checkpoint as more rigorous checks on passengers and their
luggage cause bottlenecks. While passenger and baggage screening understandably remains
a high priority for airports, a more holistic approach is often being adopted, one which brings
together the different security threats that are faced and deals with them through
interoperable solutions using fully integrated systems. Airport security refers to the
techniques and methods used in an attempt to protect passengers, staff, aircraft, and airport
property from accidental/malicious harm, crime, terrorism, and other threats. Aviation
security is a combination of measures and human and material resources in order to
safeguard civil aviation against acts of unlawful interference. Unlawful interference could be
acts of terrorism, sabotage, threat to life and property, communication of false threat,
bombing, etc. Integrated security systems are a type of multi-layered system that uses
different components and threads them into one. An ‘integrated security system’, for
example, usually refers to the combining or ‘integrating’ of two or more electronic security
systems, such as access control, video surveillance and intruder detection. It can also refer to
a ‘wide angled’ approach to security that incorporates not only physical security measures,
like guarding and CCTV, but also cyber security, health and safety, and business continuity,
etc. Majority of international airports use integrated security system for their security. With
new trends in security, an airport now utilizes modern technologies to ensure the safety and
security of passengers. The main purpose of this study is to know the trends in using modern
technologies and its benefits to the general physical security management of airports in the
country.
FIG. 1. Main rotor with (A) Sawtooth and (B) Sinusoidal serrations

JULY 14-15, 2022
MALINTALA: A Mission to Observe the Van Allen Radiation Belts
Marianne Ong, Gabriel Mon Andrei Daliva, Ivan Lance Casupang,

Ivan Christian Agpalasin, Sherwin Trinidad*

*E-mail: strinidad@aliac.edu.ph
Keywords: Launch Mass, Radiation Dosage, Van Allen Radiation Belt
Exploration of space that goes beyond the height of near-Earth missions involves
the crossing of the Van Allen Radiation belts almost inevitably; prior missions relied
on doing so as quickly as possible. This offers the extra benefit of accelerating the
mission, but it also presents additional obstacles that must be addressed. Previous
expeditions have observed the Van Allen Radiation Belts, but the phenomenon is still
not fully comprehended. Thus, further observations are necessary. The MALINTALA
space project intended to launch a satellite in order to accomplish this purpose.
With a launch mass of 370 kilograms (265 kilograms of dry mass and 105 kilograms of
wet mass), the satellite was planned to conduct a variety of observations utilizing
sensor systems with a lifetime of at least one year. To guarantee that the satellite
can withstand the dose of radiation emitted by the belts, extensive research was
also conducted to choose the appropriate materials. Analyses of past missions,
multiple instruments, and materials, as well as numerical analyses of power system
capabilities and orbital simulations, were undertaken in order to comprehend how
the satellite may be constructed to operate at its maximum capability with a
$50,000,000 budget.

JULY 14-15, 2022
Philippine Space Agency: Its Influence On Students’ Preferences
For An Aerospace Engineering Degree In Air Link International
Aviation College
Daniel Albert L. Sanchez*, Ralph Asley B. Namuco, John Lloyd A. De La Cruz,

Sherwin Trinidad

*Email: dasanchez@aliac.edu.ph
Keywords: Philippine Space Agency, Influence, Aerospace Engineering

Degree
As international space organizations began to explore beyond the Earth's horizon

with the aid of aerospace innovation, student interest in Aerospace Engineering
increased. This study attempted to investigate if the establishment of the Philippine
Space Agency has a substantial influence on the students' decision to enroll in
Aerospace Engineering at Air Link International Aviation College. Based on the
number of students at the institution throughout the academic years 2018, 2020,
and 2021, the number of enrollees in the academic years 2020 and 2021 increased
significantly after the Philippine Space Agency was approved and founded in 2019.
To determine whether the Philippine Space Agency influenced the students who
enrolled at Air Link International Aviation College following the establishment of the
Philippine Space Agency and their preferences for pursuing Aerospace Engineering
as a college degree, the researchers conducted a quantitative study using validated
survey questionnaires with the respondents. The questions were disseminated using
Google Forms, and only students registered at Air Link International Aviation College
could access them. The questions were also separated into two categories:
Engagement (the Philippine Space Agency's engagement with the community) and
Career (Career Options and Opportunities that the Philippine Space Agency may
offer to future professionals).
The study results showed that the Philippine Space Agency indeed influenced the
students' preferences in taking Aerospace Engineering as a college course at Air
Link International Aviation College. The average weighted mean of the respondents'
answers to every question showed that the Philippine Space Agency influenced their
preferences in taking Aerospace Engineering as a college course.

JULY 14-15, 2022
Utilization of Ultrasonic Testing to Aerospace Materials
Production
John Ronald Palmeda, Precious Jade Golveo*, Shawn Douglas Garaygay,

Sherwin Trinidad

*E-mail: pjgolveo@gmail.com
Keywords: Ultrasonic Testing, Aerospace Materials, Aerospace Materials
Production

Ultrasonic testing has been utilized in the medical, construction, and semiconductor
industries, as well as in all aspects of aircraft and spacecraft production in the
aerospace industry. However, there is an issue with the pre-production of materials
since they are not examined for flaws or defects. The purpose of this research is to
examine the several benefits of ultrasonic testing in the development of aerospace
materials. Utilizing a qualitative research methodology, this paper demonstrates the
efficacy of ultrasonic testing in the manufacture of aerospace materials in terms of
the material's quality and quantity. The researchers conducted a descriptive study
to elicit specific responses from experts in nondestructive testing (NDT), ultrasonic
testing, and manufacturing. Professionals were asked questions on ultrasonic
testing capabilities and the detection of flaws and defects in aerospace materials
during manufacturing in order to collect data. The researchers reach the conclusion
that ultrasonic testing can enhance the quality of aerospace materials. Due to the
time provided for material inspection, however, its manufacturing time will increase.
Aside from warps, hairline fractures, voids, and delamination, ultrasonic testing
might discover different faults and problems in aerospace materials throughout the
production process, according to the experts. However, aerospace materials should
still be subjected to additional NDTs, as they face a variety of pressures during
operation. Vibrations, strong winds, drag, skin friction, high speed, torsion, and
compression are examples of these stressors. Ultrasonic testing for inspection in the
production of aerospace materials aids in the detection of flaws or defects and the
examination of the material's structural integrity.

JULY 14-15, 2022
The Influence of Aerospace Engineering Students’ Computer-

Aided Drafting Skills on their Employability
Eldrigde Alfon C. Plando, Carlos Vincent M. Obdin*, Sherwin Trinidad


*E-mail: carlosobdin95@gmail.com

Keywords: Computer-Aided Drafting, Employability Skills, Aerospace

Engineering
Aerospace engineering is a significant field of study that focuses on the design,

development, and manufacture of aircraft, spacecraft, and other associated
systems and equipment. Consequently, Aerospace Engineers must develop their
proficiency with computer-aided drafting tools in order to conceptualize and
execute their ideas, which are then implemented in real-world scenarios. The
objective of this paper is to assess whether or not Aerospace Engineering students
at Air Link International Aviation College possess the employability skills necessary
to obtain employment in the aviation industry. In addition, it attempts to identify
additional skills a candidate must possess before being hired. To achieve the stated
objective, quantitative research methods were utilized. Researchers conducted an
online survey using Google Forms to collect the necessary data and a series of
employment-related questionnaires were distributed to respondents currently
employed in the sector. On the other hand, student respondents were given a timed
assessment exam and were also instructed to design a particular CAD model, which,
upon submission, would be evaluated by a CAD specialist. A rubric modeled after
those used in college was provided to the professional who will evaluate the product.
The results of the study were determined by the frequency of responses in
accordance with the predetermined criteria and were presented in an organized
table and with such, the researchers discovered that Air Link International Aviation
College students possess the necessary technical skills for employment in the
aviation industry. On the professional side, moreover, abilities such as working well
under time constraints, analytical thinking mastery, etc. were identified as essential
employability skills that students must possess prior to entering the employability
phase.

JULY 14-15, 2022
Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Yoshimura Origami
Pattern-Adapted Active Surface Modifier on Aircraft Wing
Joshua A. Calosa, Wai Ling J. Chia*, Myrrh G. Palen

*E-mail: chia.wlaero1@gmail.com
Keywords: Origami, CFD, Dimple
Origami or the art of paper folding refers to the meticulous and elaborate folding of square
sheets of paper into various shapes and designs usually mimicking the form of animals and
plants. Extensive studies led to the conclusion that such structures exhibit characteristics
(e.g., achievement of larger spans, rigidity, reduced weight) that could resolve various
industry problems. This paper is concerned with the experimental and CFD analysis study of a
Yoshimura origami-adapted active surface modifier on aircraft wing. Exploration of the
concept of axial buckling and its potential applications on morphing structures yielded a
mode-shape called the “Yoshimura” pattern, an established pattern in the art of origami that
has been extensively applied in various modern engineering and architectural structures.
Similarities between aircraft dimples, a type of surface modification, and the valley folds
formed from folding have been determined, leading to the design of an origami-inspired
active aircraft wing surface modifier. In previous reports, aircraft dimples have found to result
in reduced drag and stall phenomenon as well as lift promotion. This is traced back to the
generation of vortices which result in the delay of the formation of the boundary layer. Thus,
the study seeks to test the effects of the surface modification on the lift, drag, stall, and
turbulence characteristics of 3D aircraft wing models on various angles of attack and
Reynolds number. Study has shown that the models with surface modification have lesser
drag formation and lower turbulence energy than their plain counterparts beyond a specific
angle of attack and Reynolds number. Moreover, lift and stall angle has also found to increase
with its application.
Fig 1. Fig 2
FIG. 1. Dimple Buckling Pattern

FIG. 2. NACA0018 with Yoshimura Pattern
[1] Use APA reference/citation style. https://www.mendeley.com/guides/apa-citation-guide/

AIR TRANSPORTATION
SESSION CHAIR: ENGR. SHERWIN TRINIDAD
Operational Strategies of the Philippine Airline

Companies to Sustain its Operations During Global Denis Desolo
3:15
Pandemic: Inputs for Standard Operational Jonathan Dela Peña
Guidelines
Maria Ellen Rose Laureano

Development of Training Program for Passenger
3:30 Alfredo Joson
Rights Action Officers in complaint handling
Risselle Edullantes
Laurise Martinez
Air Transport Considerations of Passengers Amidst
3:45 Alfredo Joson
COVID-19 Using Relative Importance Index
Aaron Francisco
Jenke Leigh Golle

Perceptions of Air Traffic Management Officers on Angelica Joyce Bangcuyo
4:00 Privatized Human Resource Management of the Air Norbert Joseph Caralde
Traffic Service in the Philippines Kaye Angelene Cupo
Jackelyn Jacosalem
Monika Tumlos
4:15 Customer Retention Of Turkish Airlines Manila
Froilan Balucio
Denn Mark Calimlim

Rynell Amil, Geeyco Castillo
A Study on the Emergence of Modern John Christian Caragdag
Transportation Alternatives and its Impact on Mitzi Marie Cueto
4:30 Behavioral Change of College Students at an Eunice Dayday
Aeronautical School towardsAir Travel in the John Troy De Guzman
Philippines Von Allen De Pedro
Rouen Dy Pueco
Marc Jhonas Dela Cruz

JULY 14-15, 2022
Operational Strategies of the Philippine Airline Companies to

Sustain its Operations During Global Pandemic:
Inputs for Standard Operational Guidelines
Denis Desolo*, Jonathan Dela Peña
PATTS College of Aeronautics, Parañaque City, Philippines

denis.desolo@patts.edu.ph

Keywords: Operational Strategies, Sustainability, Global Pandemic
The aviation industry is likely to be among the hardest hit of all industries. The
Philippines' airline industry, particularly commercial airlines, was not exempted from
the global pandemic's devastating impacts. Every local airline made some significant
modifications right away to keep their operations sustainable and recover from
near-bankruptcy. The early stages of the pandemic resulted in significant losses for
our local airline industries, which were addressed by removing flight destinations,
reconfiguring the cabin and its seats, returning leased aircraft, and retrenching
some employees, all in order to cover daily operational costs and expenditures.
These effects and adjustments have had a significant impact on the way airlines
operate today. In order to determine the operational strategies of the airline
companies made in relation to sustainability during global pandemic, the
researchers will use The Lowell Center for Sustainable Production (LCSP) as the
study’s theoretical framework. The input variables will be the responses of these
engineers, whether they work in the airline sector or any other aviation-related
industry in our country or abroad, and the findings will be subjected to a data
analysis procedure. The operational strategies that are accepted and recommended
for inclusion in the proposed standard operational guidelines for pandemic-related
events will be the output variables. The researcher used an online questionnaire
design to determine the level of effectiveness of the operational strategies adopted
by some airline companies in order to sustain their operation during the global
pandemic based on the assessment of our local Aeronautical Engineers. After the
data were collected and statistically treated, results showed that a very large
number of respondents agreed that the vaccination of air crews, optimization of
maintenance schedules and reduction of active aircrafts were the most effective
operational strategies adopted by some airline companies to sustain its operations
in terms of regulatory compliance and technical recommendations for the airline's
facility modifications. Most of the respondents recommended that the companies
should have insurance and emergency funds allocation to maintain their personnel
and avoid mass layoffs of employees to sustain its operations in the event that a
similar case happens in the future.

JULY 14-15, 2022
Development of Training Program for Passenger Rights Action

Officers in Complaint Handling
2 3
Maria Ellen Rose Laureano* 1 , Alfredo Joson , Risselle Edullantes
1
2
Philippine School of Business Administration, Manila, Philippines
3
Cebu Technological University, Cebu City, Philippines
*E-mail: ellen.laureano23@gmail.com

Keywords: training program, complaint handling, PRAO
Training is an important part of enhancing and developing the skills of an employee.

Thus, an organization must seek to improve the quality of its employees’
performance. One of the mandates of Civil Aeronautics Board is to protect the rights
of air passengers. In 2016, the CAB designated Passenger Rights Action Officers in
thirty-one (31) commercial airports in the Philippines. The study aims to determine
the level of effectiveness of PRAOs in handling airline passenger complaints in order
to develop a training program. Through a Quantitative-Qualitative Research method
using four-point Likert scale, this study will determine the skills that are needed to
enhance and improve quality of service they provide. The participants of the study
were one hundred (100) PRAOs who were grouped according to their assigned
(Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao) airports and five (5) top management heads. The
survey questionnaire was distributed through online Google forms. In addition, the
survey questionnaire was administered by the researcher and was based on
Complaint self-audit checklist of Victorian Public Sector Agency Australia. Two
survey questionnaires were prepared and utilized in this research. The experts in the
field of aviation industry and human resource validated the survey instrument. The
results of the study showed that the variable personnel and training in complaint
management system was interpreted effective for both PRAOs and top management
heads on the level of effectiveness of PRAOs’ performance in handling air passenger
complaints. It also showed that there is a significant difference among the three
groups (Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao) in terms of personnel and training. Thus, both
PRAOs and top management heads recommend the conduct of trainings in
complaint handling. Based on the statements of top management heads, the
trainings that need to be prioritized are complaint handling, decision-making,
effective communication, and stress management. These results helped the
researcher to develop a training program for PRAOs in complaint handling.

JULY 14-15, 2022
Air Transport Considerations of Passengers Amidst COVID-19
Using Relative Importance Index
Laurise Martinez*, Alfredo Joson, Aaron Francisco
Institute of Graduate Studies, Philippine State College of Aeronautics,

*laurisemartinez@yahoo.com.ph

Keywords: Passengers Transport Considerations
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on the global airline business with
continuous travel restrictions imposed by national governments causing a
significant fall in passenger air travel demand (IATA, 2020). For as long as COVID-19
remains a health risk, passenger confidence will be dramatically impacted by issues
such as health concerns, fear, and lower levels of household income all inevitably
affecting air travel demand (Suau-Sanchez et al., 2020). This study aimed to identify
the air transport considerations of passengers using the Relative Importance Index
to rank the criteria to their relative importance. Relative importance index analysis
allows identifying most of the important criteria based on participants' replies and it
is also an appropriate tool to prioritize indicators rated on Likert-type scales. A
Quantitative research method was then utilized, and the survey was done via an
online questionnaire through google forms, out of which 385 responses were
collected. Variables were then created and analyzed, using the Relative Importance
Index, and One-way ANOVA. The study confirmed that self-isolation, destination-
related, the level of preventive measures in combating infectious diseases in the
aviation sector, and the social atmosphere related to overseas travel towards
overseas travel influence one’s decision to resume air travel. Aside from the factors
directly linked to COVID-19, it was confirmed that the other four elements discussed
in this research play a substantial role in passengers' decision to fly again. By
identifying the structural path of these factors and then developing a valid survey
form, this study was able to present meaningful implications for the formulation of a
strategy to recover aviation demand.
[1] Song & Choi (2020). A Study on the Behavioral Change of Passengers on Sustainable Air Transport after COVID-19. Department of Aviation,
Korea Transport Institute, Sejong-si 30147, Korea

JULY 14-15, 2022
Perceptions of Air Traffic Management Officers on Privatized
Human Resource Management of the Air Traffic Service in the
Philippines
Jenke Leigh Golle, Angelica Joyce Bangcuyo*, Norbert Joseph Caralde, Kaye
Angelene Cupo, Jackelyn Jacosalem

*anglcbangcuyo@gmail.com
Keywords: Privatization, Perception, Human Resource Management, Air
Traffic Management Officers
Privatization is focused on decreasing the size and scope of government to lessen

the role of the state in the national economy. Hence, in the Philippines, human
resource management privatization of air traffic services hasn't really, so far, been
as common or applied as with other countries. This study quantifies variables such
as the benefits, salary and qualifications to understand the perception of
privatization by the Air Traffic Management Officers and evaluated the need for it to
be applied in the Philippines. The researchers were able to formulate a survey
questionnaire and an interview form for data collection to 20 Air Traffic Management
Officers from Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP). And it has been
concluded that the privatization of human resource management will create
significant changes and effects in the efficiency of air traffic services in the
Philippines such as improved communal infrastructure, strengthened role of the
private sector in the economy, improved quality of services the ATMOs may provide,
achieved productive efficiency, increased salary and benefits of the employees.
Also, this will create changes in the qualifications and training programs set by the
Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines. Privatization of human resource
management will strengthen the role of the private sector in the economy, will as
well improve communal infrastructure, some projects of Air Traffic Services entail
social responsibility that can only be maintained by the public sector, will minimize
political interference, will motivate regional and international economic openness,
will improve the quality of services the ATMOs may provide, will improve upon
privatization and will achieve productive efficiency.

JULY 14-15, 2022
Customer Retention Of Turkish Airlines Manila
2
Monika Tumlos* 1, Froilan Balucio
1
Turkish Airlines, Manila, Philippines.
2
Philippine State College of Aeronautics, Manila, Philippines
*E-mail: monikatumlos16@gmail.com

Keywords: Turkish Airlines; Customer Retention; Air Industry
Turkish Airlines is one of the top mainline carriers operating in the Philippines, it
services mostly countries from Europe, which makes the connectivity between
Philippines and Europe much easier and more convenient. This is also a great
contributor to the Philippines’ tourism and logistics sector as it helps connect
tourists and cargo from the Americas, Europe, Africa, and even Asia to the
Philippines. This research discusses further the level of satisfaction of the selected
participants with Turkish Airlines Manila’s products and services under the sub-
categories: Before the Flight, Convenience, During the Flight Experience, Value for
Money, Loyalty Programs and Rewards, and After-Flights Programs. The objective
was to identify the participants’ level of satisfaction and recommendations and to
provide the information and improvement plan to Turkish Airlines Manila to better
their service and conduct a survey of Turkish Airlines Manila’s passengers, there will
be 30 participants for the said survey. Based on the study, the researcher used Krus-
Wallis, frequency and distribution method, and Mann-Whitney tests to identify also if
there is a significant difference when participants are grouped according to profile.
Based on the gathered data it shows that participants are satisfied to very satisfied
with Turkish Airlines Manila’s products and services. In this research, it is also
discussed the significance of each service when grouped according to profile.
Recommendations and improvement plans are also provided and discussed in this
study for future use.

JULY 14-15, 2022
A Study on the Emergence of Modern Transportation
Alternatives and its Impact on Behavioral Change of College
Students at an Aeronautical School

1
towards
2
Air Travel in the
Philippines
Denn Mark Calimlim, Rynell Amil, Geeyco Castillo, John Christian Caragdag,
Mitzi Marie Cueto, Eunice Dayday, John Troy De Guzman,
Von Allen De Pedro*, Rouen Dy Pueco, Marc Jhonas Dela Cruz
PATTS College of Aeronautics, Parañaque City, Philippines

*Vonallen.depedro@patts.edu.ph
Keywords: behavioral change, air travel, emerging modern transportation
alternatives
The stimulus of this study was to analyze in a way that brings logical reasoning and
provides logical interpretations to the psychological exhibition of feelings, attitude,
and emotion of humans specifically in the facet of behavioral change of passengers
regarding air travel and the consequential influence of air transportation with
emerging modern transportation alternatives; to determine their perceivable
insights about their decision process in selecting their preferred modes of
transportation as well as to determine any behavioral changes to their attitude with
air travel. Through such definitive objectives, the researchers adopted a deductive
approach towards the investigation of the study following the application of a
Descriptive Research Design, under a Quantitative Research Method. As such, the
researchers utilized survey questionnaires through Google forms. The sample size of
the study consisted of 52 students, from an aeronautical school. By nature of the
research, the researchers arrived at the conclusion that somewhat likely, the
advancements in these emerging modes of public transportation brought upon by
modernization and technology, had the influence to pursue behavioral changes
towards passengers and, thus affecting their attitude towards the preference of
such emerging modes of public transportation over air travel.

Parc2022 Boa

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Parc2022 Boa

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

1st PHILIPPINE AVIATION

PARC 2022 is the first national research conference on aviation held in

With the theme, “Sustainability of Philippine Air Transport amidst the

The conference covers 11 scopes in the field of aviation research:

PARC 2022 ORGANIZING COMMITTEE 1

THEMED PANEL PRESENTATIONS

AVIATION INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND SYSTEM 39

AERONAUTICAL MANAGEMENT AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 52

CONFERENCE SESSIONS PAGE

AVIATION TOURISM 2 100

AVIONICS TECHNOLOGY 106

AVIATION EDUCATION 3 114

AVIATION SECURITY AND MANAGEMENT 1 130

AVIATION LOGISTICS 1 136

AVIATION EDUCATION 4 144

AVIATION SECURITY AND MANAGEMENT 2 158

AERONAUTICAL/AEROSPACE ENGINEERING 2 163

AIR TRANSPORTATION 170

Dr. Noel Navigar

Mr. Brian Ben Coronel

Dr. Hernando Salapare, III

Asst. Prof. Ramsey Ferrer

Dr. Leo Mendel Rosario

Mr. Clemen Tuala

Capt. Adrian Bueza

1 | 1ST PHILIPPINE AVIATION RESEARCH CONFERENCE 2022

Dr. Leo Mendel D. Rosario

Mr. Ben Brian C. Coronel

Dr. Hernando S. Salapare, III

2 | 1ST PHILIPPINE AVIATION RESEARCH CONFERENCE 2022

Johny Kennedy Villanueva

Mark Leus Dimaculangan

Ruth Jenneth Cacho

Divine Mae Magangan

Capt. Adrian Bueza

3 | 1ST PHILIPPINE AVIATION RESEARCH CONFERENCE 2022

DAY 1 - 14 July 2022 (Thursday)

Philippine National Anthem

8:00 Welcoming Remarks

COVID-19 Pandemic and Air Transportation: A Survey of Recent Research and

11:00 Conference Announcements and Group photo

12:00 Lunch Break

Themed Panel Presentations 1: Aviation Education

Maintaining standards of communication for aviation in an ever changing world

Antenna design considerations for aeronautical applications and new

4 | 1ST PHILIPPINE AVIATION RESEARCH CONFERENCE 2022

3:15 Coffee Break

3:30 Parallel Sessions 2

Aviation Information Technology and System

Aeronautical Management and Public Administration

5 | 1ST PHILIPPINE AVIATION RESEARCH CONFERENCE 2022

8:00 Parallel Sessions 3

10:15 Parallel Session 4

Aviation Security and Management 1

12:00 Lunch Break

Themed Panel Presentations 2: Aeronautical Communication

Cultural Influences on Aviation Safety

The Interface between Language and Aviation: A Sociolinguistics Perspective

Pragmatic Features in Radio Communication in Abnormal Situations

6 | 1ST PHILIPPINE AVIATION RESEARCH CONFERENCE 2022

3:00 Coffee Break

3:15 Parallel Sessions 5

Aviation Security and Management 2