Results in Physics 7 (2017) 1504–1505

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Comment on the paper ‘‘On Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model for

Carreau fluid flow over a slendering sheet, Hashim, Masood Khan,
Results in Physics 7 (2017) 310–319”
Asterios Pantokratoras ⇑
School of Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 67100 Xanthi, Greece

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t

Article history: The present comment concerns some doubtful results included in the above paper.
Received 18 February 2017 Ó 2017 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://
Received in revised form 27 March 2017 creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Accepted 7 April 2017
Available online 21 April 2017

In the above paper the transformed equations that have been The wall velocity is given by the following equation (Eq. (12) in
solved are as follows (Eqs. (22)–(25) in [1]) [1])
n on3 m
00 2 00 2 2 000 00 2m 0 2 uw ¼ U o ðx þ bÞ ð8Þ
1 þ nWe2 ðf Þ gf1 þ We2 ðf Þ f þ ff  ðf Þ
mþ1
Substituting the wall velocity from Eq. (8) into Eq. (7) we have
2m 2
þ A ¼0 ð1Þ
mþ1 k1 a20 1m
K1 ¼ ðx þ bÞ ð9Þ
  U0
m  3 0 0 m þ 1 2 00
h00 þ Prf h0 þ Prc ff h  f h ¼0 ð2Þ It is clear that the dimensionless parameters We, c and K 1 are
2 2
functions of coordinate x and this means that the problem treated
1 00 2K 1 in [1] is non-similar. However, the authors ignored this fact and
0 2
g þ fg  gh ¼ 0 ð3Þ treated the problem as similar.
Sc mþ1
In non-similar problems, in contrast to similar problems, the
d 00 0 2K 1 2
basic flow quantities change along the streamwise direction. The
h þ fh þ gh ¼ 0 ð4Þ following Eqs. (10) and (11) have been taken from Minkowycz
Sc mþ1
and Cheng [2] and represent a non-similar problem
where We is the Weissenberg number, c is the thermal relaxation  
number and K 1 is the reaction parameter given by the following @ 2 h f @h n @f @h @f @h
þ ¼  ð10Þ
equations (page 313 in [1]) @ g2 2 @ g 2 @ g @n @n @ g
!1=2
U 30 ðm þ 1Þðx þ bÞ
3m1
C2 where the parameter n is a function of x
We ¼ ð5Þ  1=2
2t 2v w lax
n¼ ð11Þ
a q1 gbKðT w  T 1 Þ
m1
c ¼ kU 0 ðx þ bÞ ð6Þ
In the above Eq. (10) there are derivatives in the streamwise direc-
tion (@f =@n; @h=@n) which are absent from the Eqs. (1)–(4). The local
k1 a20
K1 ¼ ðx þ bÞ ð7Þ similarity method is not correct according to the following excerpt
uw
from Minkowycz and Sparrow [3].
‘‘By deleting the terms involving @f =@n and @h=@n the computa-
tional task is simplified since the resulting equations are, in effect,
⇑ Corresponding author. ordinary differential equations. In addition, the streamwise cou-
E-mail address: apantokr@civil.duth.gr pling is severed so that locally autonomous solutions may be

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2017.04.008
2211-3797/Ó 2017 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V.
This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
 A. Pantokratoras / Results in Physics 7 (2017) 1504–1505
obtained. This approach, which is often designated as local similar-
ity, is computationally attractive but leads to results of uncertain
accuracy”.
For the solution of the non-similar problems Mincowycz and his
co-workers used the local nonsimilarity method in three steps
(first truncation, second truncation and third truncation). In [1]
only the first step was used.
Another route to treat a non-similar problem is the space
marching procedure. In this method, the initial equations, after a
non-dimensionalization are solved sequentially from upstream to
downstream locations starting from the leading edge. This method
has been used by Pantokratoras [4–7].
Taking into account all the above the results presented in [1] are
doubtful.
1505
References
[1] Hashim Masood Khan. On Cattaneo-Christov heat flux model for Carreau fluid
flow over a slendering sheet. Res Phys 2017;7:310–9.
[2] Minkowycz WJ, Cheng P. Local non-similar solutions for free convective flow
with uniform lateral mass flux in a porous medium. Lett Heat Mass Transfer
1982;9:159–68.
[3] Minkowycz WJ, Sparrow EM. Numerical solution scheme for local nonsimilarity
boundary-layer analysis. Numer Heat Transfer 1978;1:69–85.
[4] Pantokratoras A. The nonsimilar laminar wall plume in a constant transverse
magnetic field. Int J Heat Mass Transfer 2009;52:3873–8.
[5] Pantokratoras A. Nonsimilar aiding mixed convection along a moving cylinder
in a free stream. ZAMP 2010;61:309–15.
[6] Pantokratoras A. The nonsimilar laminar wall jet along a moving wall, in a free
stream and in a free stream moving wall. Appl Math Model 2011;35:471–81.
[7] Pantokratoras A. Non-similar Blasius and Sakiadis flow of a non-Newtonian
Carreau fluid. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2015;56:1–5.