Results in Physics 7 (2017) 139–146

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Results in Physics
journal homepage: www.journals.elsevier.com/results-in-physics

Computational analysis of magnetohydrodynamic Sisko fluid flow

over a stretching cylinder in the presence of viscous dissipation
and temperature dependent thermal conductivity
Arif Hussain a,⇑, M.Y. Malik a, S. Bilal a, M. Awais a, T. Salahuddin a,b
a
Department of Mathematics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
b
Department of Mathematics, Mirpur University of Science & Technology, Mirpur 10250, AJK, Pakistan

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t

Article history: Present communication presents numerical investigation of magnetohydrodynamic Sisko fluid flow over
Received 28 October 2016 linearly stretching cylinder along with combined effects of temperature depending thermal conductivity
Received in revised form 30 November 2016 and viscous dissipation. The arising set of flow govern equations are simplified under usual boundary
Accepted 5 December 2016
layer assumptions. A set of variable similarity transforms are employed to shift the governing partial dif-
Available online 21 December 2016
ferential equations into ordinary differential equations. The solution of attained highly nonlinear simul-
taneous equations is computed by an efficient technique (shooting method). Numerical computations are
Keywords:
accomplished and interesting aspects of flow velocity and temperature are visualized via graphs for dif-
Nanoparticles
Sisko fluid model
ferent parametric conditions. A comprehensive discussion is presented to reveal the influence of flow
Stretching cylinder parameters on wall shear stress and local Nusselt number via figures and tables.Furthermore, it is
Magnetohydrodynamic observed that magnetic field provides noticeable resistance to the fluid motion while both material
Variable thermal conductivity parameter and curvature accelerates it. The progressing values of both Eckert number and thermal con-
Viscous dissipation ductivity parameter have qualitively same effects i.e. they rise the temperature. Additionally, material
Shooting method parameter and curvature parameter increase the coefficient of skin friction absolutely and qualitively
similar effects are noticed for Nusselt number against variations in Prandtl number and curvature param-
eter. On the other hand local Nusselt diminishes for larger values of Eckert number and power law index.
The present results are compared with existing literature via tables, they have good covenant with pre-
vious results.
Ó 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Introduction
MHD is the field of science which addresses the dynamics of
electrically conducting fluid. The key fact behind the MHD is that
the applied magnetic field induces the current, the consequences
of this phenomenon produces Lorentz force which affects fluid
motion significantly. The dynamics of electrically conducting fluids
is mathematically formulated with well-known Navier–Stokes
equations along with Maxwell equations. The nature contains
variety of MHD fluids like plasmas, salt water, electrolysis etc.
Currently, MHD is a topic of intense research due to its use in many
industrial processes like magnetic materials processing, glass man-
ufacturing, magnetohydrodynamics electrical power generation.
Furthermore, it has applications in astrophysics and geophysics
as well, e.g. it is used in solar structure, geothermal energy extrac-
⇑ Corresponding author.
E-mail address: alihassan721214@gmail.com (A. Hussain).
tion, radio propagation etc. Whereas, MHD pumps and MHD flow
meters are some products of engineering which utilized the mag-
netohydrodynamics phenomenon. So, magnetohydrodynamics is
recently experienced a period of great enlargement and differenti-
ation of subject matter. Alfven [1] discovered electromagneto–hy
drodynamic waves in his work. Liao [2] discussed the magnetohy-
drodynamics power law fluid flow over continuously stretching
sheet. Solution was computed by utilizing HAM. In this analysis,
he described effects of magnetohydrodynamics on skin friction
coefficient by considering variations in power-law index. He sug-
gested that effects of MHD are prominent for shear thinning than
shear thickening fluids. Power law fluid flow in the presence of
MHD over stretching sheet was studied by Cortell [3]. In this prob-
lem, he calculated the numerical solution by way of shooting
method and analyzed the model for variations in power law index
and Hartmann number. He concluded that Hartmann number is a
source of decrease in both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids
velocity. Ishak et al. [4] investigated the incompressible flow of

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2016.12.006
2211-3797/Ó 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
140 A. Hussain et al. / Results in Physics 7 (2017) 139–146
Newtonian fluid over stretching cylinder under the influence of
magnetohydrodynamics. The solution was calculated numerically
by applying Keller-Box method. They illustrated that MHD causes
decline in velocity profile while enhances the skin friction coeffi-
cient. Nadeem et al. [5] examined the flow of MHD Casson fluid
over a porous stretching sheet in three dimensions. Numerical
solution of the problem was found by applying Runge–Kutta Fehl-
berg numerical scheme. They proved that Hartmann number
reduces both horizontal and vertical velocity profiles, but it
increases skin friction coefficients. Akbar et al. [6] investigated
the Jeffrey fluid in small intestine under the impact of magnetic
field and found exact solution. Ellahi et al. [7] discussed the blood
flow of two-dimensional Prandtl fluid through taperd arties. The
solution was calculated analytically and variations are found
against physical parameters. Mabood et al. [8] deliberated the heat
transfer analysis of boundary layer flow of nanofluid over a nonlin-
ear stretching sheet with aid of Runge–Kutta fifth order integration
scheme. They deduced that the applied magnetic field enhances
skin friction coefficient while decreases both Nusselt and Sher-
wood numbers. Rashidi et al. [9] analyzed the Darcy–Brinkman–F
orchheime fluid under the influence of transverse magnetic field
and computed the numerical solution via finite element technique.
The induced magnetic field on carbon nanotubes through a perme-
able channel was examined by Akbar et al. [10]. The resulting
equations are solved exactly and intersted quantities are deli-
brated. Malik and Salahuddin [11] examined the stagnation point
flow of Williamson fluid under magnetohydrodynamics effects
over stretching cylinder and calculated solution with shooting
method. Kandelousi and Ellahi [12] inspected the Fe3O4-plasma
nanofluid flow in a vessel under the combined influence of ferrohy-
drodynamic and magnetohydrodynamic. They computed numeri-
cal solution via Boltman technique and interpreted that magnetic
field subtantially affected the fluid movement. Ellahi et al. [13]
delibrated the generalized Coutte flow of Powell-Eyring fluid with
magnetohydrodynamics and slip effects and found numerical solu-
tion via pseudo-spectral collocation. Also, Malik et al. [14] dis-
cussed the flow of Powell-Eyring nanofluid over linearly
stretching sheet with the effect of normally impinging magnetic
field. The nonlinear set of resulting equations was solved with
Runge–Kutta Fehlberg method. A theoratical study on peristaltic
flow of MHD Jefferey fluid through a rectangular duct with Hall
and ion slip effects has been performed by Ellahi et al. [15]. The
influnce of magnetic field on water based nanofluids in the pres-
ence of Brownian motion was studied by Akbar et al. [16]. Khan
et al. [17] found analytic solution of the problem addressing
MHD peristaltic flow of Psedoplastic fluid along with varying vis-
cosity and bionic effects. The heat transfer of viscous fero magnetic
fluid along with thermal radiation effects over stretching surafce
was discussed by Zeeshan et al. [18]. A numerical investigation
on MHD slip flow of nanofluid in sollar collectors was designed
by Afzal and Aziz [19]. They considered heat transfer problem
along with thermal radiation and thermal conductivity effects.
Hayat et al. [20] and Latif et al. [21] also discussed the MHD flows
of non-Newtonian fluids along with different physical situations.
Flow of non-Newtonian fluids is one of the most influential
issue in few recent years, because they have wide range of applica-
tions in many fields of daily life such as food engineering, chemical
engineering, power engineering and petroleum production. Also,
the recent advancement in industry and improved engineering
expertise, motivated researchers to explore non-Newtonian fluids
characteristics in more systematic way. As non-Newtonian fluids
have lot of varieties in nature, so numerous constitutive equations
were proposed to examine physical properties of these fluids. Most
of the non-Newtonian fluids such as lubricating greases, water-
borne coatings, multiphase mixers etc. which encountered in
chemical engineering obeys the Sisko fluid model. This model
was presented by Sisko [25], he studied the properties of lubricat-
ing greases. Nadeem et al. [26] also designed theoretical model of
peristaltic motion in the endoscope by using constitutive equations
of Sisko fluid model. They computed both analytical and numerical
solutions and analyzed the pressure gradient and peristaltic
motion of Sisko fluid. In addition, they presented comparison
between Sisko and Newtonian fluid and found that Newtonian flu-
ids have best peristaltic transference. Khan and Shehzad [27]
explored the physical features of Sisko fluid flow over linearly
stretching sheet in radial direction. The analytic solution was cal-
culated by homotopy analysis method. The interesting quantities
were discussed by varying power law index. And showed that fluid
parameter accelerates the non-Newtonian fluid motion as well as
wall shear stress. Also, contrast of Sisko fluid with both viscous
and power law fluids was presented. The results show that friction
of wall is greater for Sisko fluid as compared to both viscous and
power law fluids. Khan and Shehzad [28] also examined Sisko fluid
flow over stretching sheet. In this investigation, velocity profile
was described under the influences of power law index and Sisko
parameter. They remarked that the power law index diminishes
velocity profiles for non-Newtonian fluids. Recently, Malik et al.
[29] discussed effects of transverse magnetic field on Sisko fluid
over stretching cylinder. Shooting technique was implemented to
solve governing equations.
The theory of boundary layer flows over stretching surfaces
accompanied by heat transfer analysis has many potential applica-
tions in practice like extrusion, paper production, fiber-glass pro-
duction etc. Also, many industrial processes such as hot rolling,
condensation process, crystal growing, polymer sheets, artificial
fibers and plastic films etc. are based on heat transfer in boundary
layer flows. Thus, due to numerous applications in industrial man-
ufacturing and engineering, the boundary layer flows are still topic
of great interest for researchers. The work of Sakiadis [30] is pro-
viding base to boundary layer flows. He analyzed the boundary
layer viscous fluid flow over continues solid surfaces in two-
dimension. The analysis of heat transfer problem was initiated by
Gupta and Gupta [31]. They studied the heat transfer of viscous
fluid flow over a stretching cylinder. Naseer et al. [32] formulated
the problem on tangent hyperbolic fluid flow over a exponentially
varying vertical cylinder. The calculation of solution was per-
formed with the aid of Runge–Kutta Fehlberg technique. Since
thermal conductivity of the fluid changes as temperature varies,
so it leads to consideration of variable thermal conductivity in heat
transfer analysis. Rangi and Ahmad [33] studied the flow of viscous
fluid over a stretching cylinder along with the effect of variable
thermal conductivity. They computed numerical solution via
Keller-Box method and recommended that the temperature profile
is significantly affected due to variable thermal conductivity. Abel
and Mahesha [34] analyzed the problem of MHD viscoelastic fluid
over the stretching sheet. They considered the impacts of non-
uniform heating, thermal radiation and temperature dependent
thermal conductivity. It was recognized that variable thermal con-
ductivity increases temperature profile i.e. fluid with less thermal
conductivity are better for cooling. Abel et al. [35] also examined
the power law fluid flow over stretching sheet under the effects
of non-uniform heating along with variable thermal conductivity
and found analytical expressions for temperature profile. Recently,
effects of linearly varying thermal conductivity on MHD Sisko fluid
flow over continuously stretching cylinder was investigated by
Malik et al. [36]. The interesting quantities were computed with
shooting method to analyze problem physically.
An analysis of heat transfer with viscous dissipation effects was
firstly considered by Brinkman [41]. He investigated the effect of
viscous heating in Newtonian fluids. Lin et al. [42] discussed the
effect of viscous dissipation on thermal entrance heat transfer
region in the laminar pipe flow with convective boundary
 A. Hussain et al. / Results in Physics 7 (2017) 139–146 141

conditions. The flow of incompressible viscous fluid over the por- The stream function W of flow velocity is defined as
ous stretching surfaces was analyzed by Anjali Devi and Ganga
1 @W 1 @W
[43]. The influence of MHD and viscous dissipation were discussed u¼ ; v¼ : ð4Þ
r @r r @x
in this problem. The solution was computed by hypergeometric
functions for special case when plate is stretched linearly and con- The suitable similarity transformations are defined as
cluded that influence of Eckert number is insignificant on temper- r 2 r 20 1 1

ature. Singh [44] formulated the problem on heat and mass g¼ b ;

Renþ1 W ¼ xr 0 URebnþ1 f ðgÞ;
2xr0
ð5Þ
transfer of MHD boundary layer flow of incompressible viscous hðgÞ ¼ TTT 1
w T 1
; a ¼ a1 ð1 þ hÞ;
fluid past the moving vertical porous plate. He discussed heat
transfer with viscous dissipation and temperature dependent vari- where  is the thermal conductivity parameter, a1 is the extreme
able viscosity and solved the problem numerically. The viscous dis- thermal diffusivity, Reb denotes the Reynolds number which is
defined as Reb ¼ qx Ub .
n 2n
sipation effects on time-dependent Newtonian flow over stretching
sheet was discussed by Reddy et al. [45]. They employed Kellor- After employing aforementioned similarity transformations in
Box method to find numerical solution of governing equations. the governing partial differential equations (1)–(3), the continuity
Mabood et al. [46] analyzed the impact of viscous dissipation on equation is satisfied identically, while the other two governing
MHD stagnation point flow of water based nanofluid over a flat equations are converted into the following ordinary differential
plate. The Runge–Kutta Fehlberg integration scheme was utilized equations
to compute solution of modeled differential equations. nþ1
000 00 n1 000 00 n
Að1 þ 2cgÞf þ nð1 þ 2cgÞ 2 ðf Þ f  ðn þ 1Þcð1 þ 2cgÞ
n1
In spite of all the aforementioned studies, the boundary layer 2 ðf Þ
flow of MHD Sisko fluid with viscous dissipation and thermal con- 02 2n 00 00 0
ductivity has paid less attention. Motivated from above literature f þ ff þ 2Acf  Mf ¼ 0; ð6Þ
nþ1
and also due to various potential applications of problem in engi-
2n
neering and industry, authors formulated the mathematical model ð1 þ 2cgÞðh00 þ ðhh00 þ h02 ÞÞ þ 2cð1 þ hÞh0 þ Prf h0
nþ1
for boundary layer flow of Sisko fluid in presence of magnetic field
00
2 nþ1 00
nþ1
and heat transfer problem with the effects of both variable thermal þ Að1 þ 2cgÞEcPr f þ EcPrð1 þ 2cgÞ 2 f ¼ 0; ð7Þ
conductivity and viscous dissipation. The modeled set of partial
boundary conditions of the problem reduce to
differential equations are transfigured to coupled ordinary differ-
0
ential equations via similarity variables. For numerical solution of f ð0Þ ¼ 0; f ð0Þ ¼ 1; hð0Þ ¼ 1;
similarity equations, shooting technique is employed and the prob- 0
f ð1Þ ¼ 0; hð1Þ ¼ 0: ð8Þ
lem is analyzed physically by varying governing flow parameters.
Curvature parameter c, magnetic field parameter M, Eckert
Mathematical formulation number Ec, material parameter A and Prandtl number Pr are
defined as
Let assume the two dimensional, axisymmetric, steady state
x nþ1
1 rxB20 qUx
flow of incompressible Sisko fluid along the continuously stretch- c¼ Re ; M¼ ; Rea ¼ ;
ing cylinder. The flow is induced due to stretching of cylinder along
r0 b qU a
2
the axial direction with stretching velocity UðxÞ ¼ cx, here c > 0. Renþ1 U2 xU 2
A¼ b
; Ec ¼ ; Pr ¼ b :
Re1þn ð9Þ
The magnetic field of strength B0 is applied on fluid along the radial Rea cp ðT w  T 1 Þ a
direction. The problem of heat transfer consists the effect of vis-
cous dissipation. Additionally, thermal conductivity is considered The physical objects which are practically important i.e. skin
variable in this investigation. After implying boundary layer friction coefficient and local Nusselt number of flow field distribu-
approximations on governing equations, these equations are mod- tion are defined in following equation
ified to sw xqw
Cf ¼ 1 and Nux ¼ : ð10Þ
@ ðruÞ @ ðr v Þ 2
q U 2 kðT w  T 1 Þ
þ ¼ 0; ð1Þ
@x @r In above formulas skin friction coefficient is expresses with C f
   n  n1 2 while Nux shows Nusselt number. Here sw is known as wall shear
@u @u a @ @u b @u nb @u @ u rB20
u þv ¼ r   þ   u; stress on the other hand qw denotes wall heat flux which are
@x @r r q @r @r rq @r q @r @r 2 q defined below
ð2Þ    n  
@u @u @T
   2  nþ1 sw ¼ a b  and qw ¼ k : ð11Þ
@r r¼r0 @r r¼r0 @r r¼r0
@T @T 1 @ @T a @u b @u
u þv ¼ ar þ  þ  ;
@x @r r @r @r qc p @r qc p @r By inserting similarity transformations in Eqs.(11) and (12), the
interesting physical quantities i.e. coefficient of skin friction and
along with presubcribed boundary conditions
Nusselt number are converted to
u ¼UðxÞ ¼ cx; v ¼ 0 at r ¼ r0 and u ! 0 at r ! 1; ð3Þ
1 1 1
00 00 n 0
b ¼ Af ð0Þ  ½f ð0Þ and Nux Reb ¼ h ð0Þ:
C f Renþ1 ð12Þ
nþ1
T ¼T w at r ¼ r 0 and T ! T 1 atr ! 1: 2
In above set of equations, the components of fluid velocity along
x and r directions are denoted with u and v. The material constants Numerical solution
are n (power law index), a (high shear rate viscosity) and b(consis-
tency index). The density of fluid particles is denoted with q and r As flow govern equations i.e. Eqs. (7) and (8) are highly nonlin-
called the electrical conductivity of fluid. In Eq. (3), T is ear simultaneous set of ordinary differential equations. In order to
temperature of the flow, T w represents temperature of fluid at wall, find solution of these simultaneous equations along with boundary
T 1 is ambient temperature, cp is the specific heat and ashows the conditions Eq. (9), shooting technique along with fifth order
thermal diffusivity. Runge–Kutta integration scheme is applied. Both velocity and
142 A. Hussain et al. / Results in Physics 7 (2017) 139–146

temperature profiles are discussed for different values of dimen- 3. In next step, set of ordinary differential equations is solved with
sionless complexes curvature parameter c, fluid parameter A, Hart- the aid of Runge–Kutta Fehlberg scheme.
mann number M, variable thermal conductivity parameter , 4. Finally, boundary residuals (absolute variations in given and
Prandtl number Pr and Eckert number Ec. Since Runge–Kutta Fehl- calculated values of y2 ð1Þ and y4 ð1Þ) is calculated. The solution
berg method solves only initial value problems. So first Eqs. (7) and will converge if absolute values of boundary residuals are less
(8) are converted into set of first order equations. For this aim, re- then tolerance error, which is considered 106 .
write the above set of equations as given below 5. If values of boundary residuals are larger than tolerance error,
00 n 00 02 00 0 then values of y3 ð0Þ and y5 ð0Þ are modified by Newton’s
ðn þ 1Þcð1 þ 2cgÞ ðf Þ  2Acf þ f  nþ1
n1
000
2 2n
ff þ Mf
f ¼ ; ð13Þ method.
nþ1 00 n1
Að1 þ 2cgÞ þ nð1 þ 2cgÞ 2 ðf Þ
The above procedure is continued unless the boundary residuals

1 2n are less than error tolerance.
h00 ¼ Prf h0 þ 2cð1 þ hÞh0 þ ð1 þ 2cgÞh02
ð1 þ 2cgÞð1 þ hÞ n þ 1
 
00
2 nþ1 00
nþ1 Results and discussion
þ EcPr Að1 þ 2cgÞ f þ ð1 þ 2cgÞ 2 f : ð14Þ

In current investigation, the non-Newtonian Sisko fluid flow

New variables are defined in Eq. (16), which are utilized to
over stretching cylinder is examined under the impact of normally
reduce above higher order equations into system of first order dif-
applied magnetic field. In addition, effects of viscous dissipation
ferential equations
and variable thermal conductivity are also considered. As modeled
0 00 000
f ¼ y1 ; f ¼ y2 ; f ¼ y3 ; f ¼ y03 ; h ¼ y4 ; h0 ¼ y5 and h00 ¼ y05 : set of equations having non-linearity of higher order, so numerical
ð15Þ technique Runge–Kutta-Fehlberg method is employed to obtain
more realistic results. The accuracy of solution is verified by com-
After inserting Eq. (16), into Eqs. (14) and (15), new system of paring results with existing literature. Presently calculated values
ordinary differential equations Eqs. (17)–(21), is obtained of skin friction coefficient for variations in power law index n are
y01 ¼ y2 ; ð16Þ compared with previously reported data i.e. Hassanien et al. [39],
Cortell [3], Liao [2], Andersson and Kumran [38] and Abel et al.
y02 ¼ y3 ; ð17Þ [35] presented in Table 1. It can be observed that present results
are same with previous up to desired significant digits. Table 2
ðn þ 1Þcð1 þ 2cgÞ ðy3 Þn  2Acy3 þ y22  nþ1 illustrates the comparison of Nusselt number i.e. h0 ð0Þ against
n1
2 2n
y1 y3 þ My2
y03 ¼ nþ1
; alteration in Prandtl number Prwith previously published results
Að1 þ 2cgÞ þ nð1 þ 2cgÞ 2 ðy3 Þn1
i.e. Grubka and Bobba [37], Ishak et al. [40], Yih [22], Machireddy
ð18Þ [23] and Ali et al. [24]. This table shows that present results have
excellent agreement with previous results. Also, for visualizing
y04 ¼ y5 ; ð19Þ
computed results more clearly, the variations are displayed against
1 2n single parameter in each figure (while others keeping fixed).
y05 ¼ ½ Pry1 y5 þ 2cð1 þ y4 Þy5
ð1 þ 2cgÞð1 þ hÞ n þ 1 Fig. 1a exhibits the behavior of magnetic field parameter M on
0
velocity f ðgÞ. It is worth mentioning that the transverse magnetic
þ ð1 þ 2cgÞy25 þ 2cy5 þ EcPrðAð1 þ 2cgÞðy3 Þ2
field reduces the fluid velocity inside the momentum boundary
nþ1
þ ð1 þ 2cgÞ 2 ðy3 Þnþ1 Þ; ð20Þ layer. Because consequences of electrically conducting fluid
dynamics produced Lorentz force. The resisting nature of this force
together with the boundary conditions 0
opposes the fluid motion and hence slows down the velocity f ðgÞ.
y1 ð0Þ ¼ 0; y2 ð0Þ ¼ 1; y2 ð1Þ ¼ 0; y4 ð0Þ ¼ 1 and y4 ð1Þ ¼ 0: Also, it is noticed that increment in power law index n leads to
0
ð21Þ decrease in velocity profile f ðgÞ.
Fig. 1b elucidates the impact of curvature parameter c on veloc-
This system of equations is solved with shooting method, the ity profile for n ¼ 1; 2. As curvature have opponent relation with
following procedure is adopted; radius of cylinder, so the consequences of increment in curvature
led to shrink the radius and surface area. Hence, fluid motion expe-
1. Firstly limit for g1 is chosen, the best suited limit for g1 is 5. rienced less resistance which consequently escalates fluid velocity.
2. Now choose appropriate initial guesses for y3 ð0Þ and y5 ð0Þ. The presently computed results validated the above mentioned
Initially y3 ð0Þ ¼ 1 and y5 ð0Þ ¼ 1 are selected. fact.

Table 1
00 00 n
Comparison table of skin friction coefficient i.e. ½Af ð0Þ  ðf ð0ÞÞ  for different values of power-law index n and considering c ¼ 0, A = 0, M = 0.

n Hassanien et al. [39] Cortell [3] Liao [2] Andersson and Kumaran [38] Abel et al. [35] Present Results
0.2 1.9287 1.943685 1.9200
0.4 1.2730 1.2715 1.272119 1.2716
0.5 1.16524 1.1605 1.167740 1.1640
0.6 1.0951 1.095166 1.0976
0.8 1.02883 1.0280 1.0284 1.028713 1.0282
1.0 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.000000 1.0000
1.2 0.98737 0.9874 0.987372 0.9888
1.4 0.9819 0.981884 0.9812
1.5 0.98090 0.9820 0.9806 0.980653 0.9805
1.6 0.9798 0.979827 0.9797
1.8 0.97971 0.9794 0.989469 0.9791
2.0 0.9797 0.9800 0.9800 0.979991 0.9801
 A. Hussain et al. / Results in Physics 7 (2017) 139–146 143

Table 2
Comparison of h0 ð0Þ by varying Pr and considering c ¼ 0; Ec ¼ 0; n ¼ 1.

Pr Grubka and Bobba [37] Ishak et al. [40] Yih [22] Machireddy [23] Ali et al. [24] Present Results
0.71 0.8686
1.0 1 1 1 1 1.0001 1.0067
3.0 1.9237 1.9237 1.9237 1.9237 1.9230 1.9260
10.0 3.7207 3.7207 3.7207 3.7208 3.72028 3.7267

1 1

0.9 0.9
M = 0.1, n = 1
Pr = 1, γ = 0.5, M = 0.2, n = 1 0.8 A = 1, n = 1
0.8 A = 1, ε = 0.1, M = 0.3, n = 1 Pr = 1, M = 0.3, A = 2, n = 1
Ec = 0.2, M = 0.1, n = 2 ε = 0.1, γ = 0.5, A = 3, n = 1
0.7 0.7
M = 0.2, n = 2 Ec = 0.2, A = 1, n = 2
M = 0.3, n = 2 A = 2, n = 2
0.6 0.6
A = 3, n = 2

f’(η)
f’(η)

0.5 0.5

0.4 0.4

0.3 0.3

0.2 0.2

0.1 0.1

0 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
η η
0
0
Fig. 1a. Velocity profile f ðgÞ by varying magnetic field parameter M and power law Fig. 1c. Variations of f ðgÞ for altering values of material parameter A and n ¼ 1; 2.
index n.

1 0.9 Pr = 1, ε = 0.1,
γ = 0.5, A = 1, Ec = 0.1, n = 1
0.9 M = 0.3, Ec = 0.5, n = 1
Pr = 1, Ec = 0.2, γ= 0.1, n = 1 0.8
A = 1, ε = 0.1, γ= 0.5, n = 1 Ec = 1, n = 1
0.8 γ= Ec = 0.1, n = 2
M = 0.3, 1, n = 1 0.7
γ= 0.1, n = 2 Ec = 0.5, n = 2
0.7 γ= 0.5, n = 2 Ec = 1, n = 2
0.6
γ= 1, n = 2
θ(η)

0.6
0.5
f’(η)

0.5
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 η
η
Fig. 2a. Influence of Eckert number Ec on temperature profile hðgÞ for power-law
Fig. 1b. Influence of curvature parameter c and power law index n on velocity index n ¼ 1; 2.
0
profile f ðgÞ.

Fig. 2a reflects the influence of Eckert number Ec on tempera-

Fig. 1c depicts the behavior of the fluid parameter A on velocity
0 0
profile f ðgÞ by varying power law index n. The fluid velocity f ðgÞ
enhances for large values of material parameter A, it holds physi-
cally because when A has large values viscous forces diminishes,
so it offers less resistance to fluid motion. Additionally, it increases
the boundary layer thickness. Also, this figure reflects that the
velocity profile decreases by varying power-law index n.
ture profile hðgÞ for power law index n ¼ 1; 2. Since enhancement
in Eckert number Ec rapids the advective transportation i.e. kinetic
energy. As a result fluid particles collide more frequently with each
other, the consequences of these collisions transformed kinetic
energy into thermal energy. And hence it increases temperature
profile hðgÞ which can be observed from the figure. Finally, it can
be seen that temperature profile hðgÞ decreases by increasing
power-law index n.
144 A. Hussain et al. / Results in Physics 7 (2017) 139–146

1 1

0.9 Pr = 1, A = 1, Ec = 0.2, 0.9 M = 0.3, A = 1,

γ = 0.5, M = 0.3, ε = 0.1, n = 1 ε = 0.1, γ = 0.5,
Pr = 3, n = 1
Pr = 3, n = 1
0.8 ε = 0.3, n = 1 0.8 Ec = 0.2,
Pr = 3, n = 1
ε = 0.5, n = 1
Pr = 1, n = 2
0.7 ε = 0.1, n = 2 0.7
Pr = 2, n = 2
ε = 0.3, n = 2
Pr = 3, n = 2
0.6 ε = 0.5, n = 2 0.6

θ(η)
θ(η)

0.5 0.5

0.4 0.4

0.3 0.3

0.2 0.2

0.1 0.1

0 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
η η

Fig. 2b. Effects of thermal conductivity parameter  and power-law index n on hðgÞ. Fig. 2d. Impact of Prandtl number Pr on temperature profile hðgÞ for n ¼ 1; 2.

Fig.2b demonstrates the influence of thermal conductivity

parameter  on temperature profile hðgÞ. Since enhancement in 7
thermal conductivity boosted the capability of heat transference, A = 1, n = 1
6.5 A = 2, n = 1
this causes increase in the fluid temperature which can be shown A = 3, n = 1
from the graph. 6 A = 1, n = 2
Fig. 2c reveals the impact of curvature parameter c on temper- A = 2, n = 2
ature profile hðgÞ. Since curvature parameter cenlarges fluid veloc- 5.5 A = 3, n = 2
-[A f’’ (0) - (-f’’(0))n]

ity and kinetic energy, as a result temperature increases because it

5
is well-known fact that temperature is the average kinetic energy.
Fig. 2d delineates the fluctuations in temperature profile for 4.5
variations in Prandtl number Pr. When values of Prandtl number
Pr increases it causes decrease in temperature profile hðgÞ. This is 4
practically true because Prandtl number Pr is ratio of momentum
diffusivity to thermal diffusivity, thus for larger values of Prandtl 3.5
number Pr thermal diffusivity decreases.
3
Effects of material parameter A and magnetic field parameter M
are illustrated on skin friction coefficient via Fig. 3a. Current graph 2.5
describes that material parameter A increases the skin friction
2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
M
1 Fig. 3a. Combined effects of Sisko parameter A as well as magnetic field parameter
M on coefficient of skin friction by considering power law-index n ¼ 1; 2.
0.9
γ = 0.1, n = 1
Pr = 1, M = 0.3, γ = 0.5, n = 1
0.8 ε = 0.1, A = 1,
γ = 1, n = 1 coefficient in absolute sense, it holds physically because larger val-
Ec = 0.2,
γ = 0.1, n = 2 ues of material parameter A enhances boundary layer thickness.
0.7
γ = 0.2, n = 2
γ = 1, n = 2
Also, variations in magnetic field parameter M increases coefficient
0.6 of skin friction. Finally, this figure also shows that wall friction
coefficient has less values for n ¼ 2 as compared with values calcu-
θ(η)

0.5
lated for n ¼ 1.
0.4 Fig. 3b is graphical representation of variations in skin friction
coefficient by altering magnetic field parameter M and curvature
0.3 parameter c. Since, Reynolds number and skin friction coefficient
are in inverse relation as shown in Eq. (13). Also, curvature param-
0.2 eter chas inverse relation with Reynolds number. Thus increase in
curvature parameter cReynolds number becomes low, which alter-
0.1
natively enhances the skin friction coefficient values in absolute
0
manner.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Influence of Eckert number Ec and thermal conductivity param-
η
eter  is discussed on wall temperature gradient i.e. h0 ð0Þ through
Fig. 2c. Temperature profile hðgÞ by varying curvature parameter c and power law Fig. 4a. Both parameters decreases Nusselt number i.e. h0 ð0Þ. It is
index n. true because both parameters rise fluid temperature, which
 A. Hussain et al. / Results in Physics 7 (2017) 139–146 145

4 1

3.8 0.9
γ = 0.1, n = 1
3.6 γ = 0.5, n = 1
0.8
γ = 1, n = 1
3.4 γ = 0.1, n = 2 0.7
γ = 0.5, n = 2
-[A f’’ (0) - (-f’’(0))n]

3.2 γ = 1, n = 2 0.6
3 0.5

-θ’ ( 0 )
2.8
0.4
2.6
0.3
2.4
0.2
G = 0.1, n = 1
2.2 G = 0.5, n = 1
0.1
2 G = 1, n = 1
0 G = 0.1, n = 2
1.8 G = 0.5, n = 2
-0.1 G = 1, n = 2
1.6
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
M Ec
Fig. 3b. Influence of magnetic field parameter M and curvature parameter c on wall Fig. 4b. Variations in heat transfer from the surface i.e. h0 ð0Þ by varying Eckert
shear stress for power law-index n ¼ 1; 2. number Ec, curvature parameter c and power law-index n ¼ 1; 2.

0.8 Table 3
Values of skin friction coefficient for different values of parameters c; M and A for
n ¼ 1; 2.
0.7
c M A 00
ðA þ 1Þf ð0Þ 00
Af ð0Þ  f
002
ð0Þ
0.1 0.3 0.2 1.6455 1.8221
0.6
0. 1.9163 2.0223
1.0 2.1818 2.2284
0.5 0.1 2.4416 2.4396
0.5
1.8265 1.9549
-θ ’ (0)

0.3 0.3
0.5 2.3528 2.3716
0.3 1 2.8454 2.8531
0.4
2 3.3201 3.3594
3 1.7640 1.8704
ε = 0.1, n = 1
0.3
ε = 0.5, n = 1
ε = 1, n = 1
ε = 0.1, n = 2
0.2 Table 4
ε = 0.5, n = 2
ε = 1, n = 2 Nusselt number table for different values of parameters c; Ec and Pr for n ¼ 1; 2.

0.1 c  Pr Ec h0 ð0Þ h0 ð0Þ

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
Ec 0.1 0.1 1 0.2 0.4740 0.6327
0.5 0.6493 0.7914
0
Fig. 4a. Variations of Nusselt number i.e. h ð0Þfor altered values of Eckert number 1.0 0.8589 0.9804
Ec, variable thermal conductivity parameter  and power law-index n ¼ 1; 2. 0.5 0.1 0.6493 0.7914
0.3 0.5922 0.7145
0.5 0.5497 0.6569
0.1 1 0.6493 0.7914
reduces difference between surface and fluid temperature. Hence, 2 0.7762 1.0428
this decelerates the rate of heat transfer from the surface. Also, val- 3 0.8966 1.2593
ues of Nusselt number increases for power law index n. 1 0.1 0.6493 0.7914
0.3 0.4301 0.6483
Deviations in temperature gradient at surface i.e. h0 ð0Þ for
0.6 0.1011 0.4336
altered values of Eckert number Ec and curvature parameter c
are shown by Fig. 4b. This graph illustrates that Nusselt number
declines for large values of Eckert number Ec. Also, this figure illus-
trates that curvature parameter c causes enhancement in h0 ð0Þ, heat transfer from the surface, while the Eckert number Ecand
because large values of curvature parameter creduces thermal thermal conductivity parameter reduces the rate of heat transfer
boundary layer. from wall.
The behavior of the physical parameters n; c; A and M on the
skin friction coefficient is analyzed via Table 3. This table shows Concluding remarks
that fluid parameters c; A and M enlarges the skin friction coeffi-
cient absolutely for both cases i.e. n ¼ 1 and 2. In current investigation, the numerical scheme for simulations
Table 4 reveals the influence of curvature parameter c, Eckert of MHD Sisko fluid model is developed to explore the dynamics
number Ec, thermal conductivity parameter  and Prandtl number over stretching cylinder. Effects of temperature dependent thermal
Pr on wall temperature gradient i.e. h0 ð0Þ for power law index conductivity and viscous dissipation are taken into account. The
n ¼ 1 and 2. The curvature parameter c and Pr increases rate of modeled non-linear coupled partial differential equations are
146 A. Hussain et al. / Results in Physics 7 (2017) 139–146
transfigured into ordinary differential equations by employing self-
similar set of transformations, which then solved by shooting
method. The main outcomes of the current observation are:
 An increment in material parameter A and curvature parameter
cleads to accelerate fluid velocity while the consequences of
magnetic field parameter M on fluid motion are opponent.
 Prandtl number Pr is responsible of decrease in temperature of
the fluid hðgÞ while the flow field temperature hðgÞ rise up
against flow parameters Ec; c and .
 The effects of all pertinent parameters i.e. M; A and c on skin
friction coefficient are qualitatively similar but Sisko parameter
A has prominent effects in quantitative sense.
 Curvature parameter c and Eckert number Ec augments the
Nusselt number while Prandtl number Pr and thermal conduc-
tivity parameter  are responsible to reduce it.
Acknowledgment
Authors are thankful to Higher Education Commission (HEC) of
Pakistan.
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