Gen Chem: Lecture 1

Introduction

INTRODUCTION TO
CHEMISTRY

GENERAL CHEMISTRY
CBLIQUIGAN

outline
• Definitions

• Basic Concept: Matter

– Classification
– Composition
– Properties
– Changes

• Basic Concept: Energy

– Types and Forms
– Related Laws

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Gen Chem: Lecture 1
Introduction

DEFINITION

• CHEMISTRY

– The science that deals with the composition and

properties of matter

– Study of matter, its composition, properties, structure,

and the changes they undergo

– Branch of science that systematically studies

composition, structure, properties, and activities of
elements and substances they form

MAIN BRANCHES
• Study the composition and structure of matter
Analytical Chemistry

• Study of how matter behaves on a molecular and

Physical Chemistry atomic level, and the energetics involve in reactions

• Study of carbon-containing compounds, usually

Organic Chemistry hydrocarbons

• Study of the remaining subset of compounds other

Inorganic Chemistry than organic compounds

• Study of chemical processes within and related to

Biochemistry living organisms

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Gen Chem: Lecture 1
Introduction

RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER
SCIENCES
CRIMINOLOGY MATERIALS
SCIENCE

ENVIRONMENTAL
SCIENCE

GEOCHEMISTRY
CHEMISTRY

MEDICINE/
TOXICOLOGY
CHEMICAL
FOOD ENGINEERING
SCIENCE

MATTER
• Definition
– Anything that has mass and occupies space

• Characterized by physical state and

composition

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Introduction

PHASES OF MATTER

CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER

MATTER

PURE
MIXTURES
SUBSTANCES

ELEMENTS COMPOUNDS HOMOGENEOUS HETEROGENEOUS

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Gen Chem: Lecture 1
Introduction

CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER

COMPOSITION OF MATTER

• Composition
– refers to different components of matter and their
relative proportions

• Related Laws
– Law of Constant (Definite) Proportions
• States that the elemental composition of a pure substance is
always the same, regardless of its source
– Law of Multiple Proportions
• If two elements A and B combine to form more than one
compound, the masses of B that can combine with a given
mass of A are in the ratio of small whole numbers

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Introduction

PROPERTIES OF MATTER

• INTENSIVE PROPERTIES
– Do not depend on the amount of matter being
examined

• EXTENSIVE PROPERTIES
– Depend on the quantity of matter being
examined

PROPERTIES IN MATTER

• PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
– Observed without changing the identity of a
matter

• CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
– Transformation of matter to new kinds with
altered compositions

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Gen Chem: Lecture 1
Introduction

PROPERTIES OF MATTER

• PHYSICAL CHANGE:
– a substance changes its physical appearance
but not its composition

• CHEMICAL CHANGE:
– a substance is transformed into a chemically
different substance

ENERGY

• DEFINITION

– Capacity of a system to perform work

– Work is the transfer of energy from one form

to another

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Introduction

TYPES AND FORMS OF ENERGY

POTENTIAL ENERGY KINETIC ENERGY

Chemical Radiant

Nuclear Thermal

Stored Mechanical Motion

Gravitational Sound

Electrical

LAWS OF MATTER AND ENERGY

• Law of Conservation of Mass
– Matter can neither be created nor destroyed in
a chemical reaction

• First Law of Thermodynamics

– Law Conservation of Energy
– Energy can neither be created nor destroyed in
a process

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Gen Chem: Lecture 1
Introduction

Thank you!

END OF LECTURE

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