True Yes

False No
Not given Not mentioned

1. If the statement agrees with the

information in the passage. – YES (Y)

2. If the statement disagrees with or

contradicts the information in the passage.
– NO (N)

3. If there is no information on this in the

passage. – NOT GIVEN (NG)
True False Not Given
Example 1

Questions:
1. We can decide what to dream
2. Not all day dreams come true.
3. Day dreaming helps in formation of new ideas.
4. Day dreams may become dreams.
5. Issac Newton said that imagination is more important than knowledge

Example 2
Questions:
• The Thames Tunnel was the first tunnel ever built under a river.
• The Thames Tunnel was the Eighth Wonder of the World.
• The tunnel was used more by the middle and upper classes.
• People were able to travel by sea or land in those days.
• The aim of the tunnel was to turn a profit as a tourist attraction.

Example 3
Questions:
1. The controversy over the method used in the construction of the pyramids
has been solved by scientists.
2. It is possible that Ancient Egyptians could have lubricated paths to aid
transportation by sledge.
3. Sledges were dragged by animals not humans.
4. The Romans learned the techniques of moving huge stones from the
Ancient Egyptians.
5. The building work of the Ancient Egyptians is unrivalled.

Example 4

No one doubts that intelligence develops as children grow older. Yet, the concept of
intelligence has proved both quite difficult to define in unambiguous terms and unexpectedly
controversial in some respects. Although at one level, there seem to be almost as many
definitions of intelligence as people who have tried to define it, there is broad agreement on
two key features. That is, intelligence involves the capacity to not only to learn from
experience but also to adapt to one’s environment. However, we cannot leave the concept
there. Before turning to what is known about intelligence development, it is necessary to
consider whether we consider the growth of one or many skills. That question has been
tackled in rather different ways by psychometricians and by developmentally.

Questions:
1. As children grow older, Intelligence evolves.
2. The concept of intelligence has failed to win over the controversies regarding the definition
of intelligence..
3. Intelligence can be defined as the capacity to learn from experience and learn to adapt to
the environment.
4. It is unnecessary to consider how many skills are involved in the evolution of intelligence.
5. Many psychometricians have avoided giving an exact definition of intelligence.
Example 5

In many coral-reef areas, tourism is one of the main industries bringing employment, and in
many cases, is promoted to provide alternatives to fisheries-based livelihoods and to ensure
that local reef resources are conserved. In the Caribbean alone, tours based on scuba-diving
have attracted 20 million people in one year. The upgrading of roads and communications
associated with the expansion of tourism may also benefit local communities. However, plans
for development must be considered carefully. The ability of the poorer members of the
community to access the benefits of tourism is far from guaranteed, and requires development
guided by social, cultural, and environmental principles. There is growing recognition that
sustainability is a key requirement, as encompassed in small-scale eco-tourism activities, for
instance.

Questions:

1.Tourism is one of the primary industries that bring job opportunities to the coral-reef regions.
2. Caribbean Island depends only on tourism for their economy.
3. Scuba-diving in the Caribbean Islands witnesses more than 20 million tourists in one year.
4. Plans associated with upgrading the roads and communications will not help expand the coral-
reef region’s development.
5. In the small-scale ecotourism activities, sustainability is the crucial requirement.
 Example 6

One of the strongest explanations for the severe loss of life has been the fact that the Titanic did
not carry enough lifeboats for everyone on board. Maritime regulations at the time tied lifeboat
capacity to the ship size, not to the number of passengers on board. This meant that the Titanic,
with room for 1,178 of its 2,222 passengers, actually surpassed the Board of Trade’s requirement
to carry lifeboats for 1,060 of its passengers. Nevertheless, with lifeboats being lowered less than
half full in many cases, and only 712 passengers surviving despite a two-and-a-half-hour window of
opportunity, more lifeboats would not have guaranteed more survivors in the absence of better
training and preparation. Many passengers were confused about where to go after the order to
launch lifeboats was given; a lifeboat drill scheduled for earlier on the same day that the Titanic
struck the iceberg was cancelled by Captain Smith to allow passengers to attend church.

Questions:

1. The Titanic carried 1,178 lifeboats for 2,222 passengers.

2. Out of the total 2,222 passengers, only 712 passengers survived with the help of lifeboats
3. Lifeboat drills were cancelled by Captain Smith on the very same day when Titanic ended up
hitting the iceberg
4. Captain Smith knew that the Titanic would hit the iceberg.
5. Passengers who survived the tragic accident were already trained and prepared.

Example 7

Hot-air ballooning is generally a safe activity, and serious accidents are rare. In the event that
something does go wrong, several items of safety gear are useful to have on board. In case, the
pilot light and the auxiliary piezo ignition fail, it is a good idea to have a welding torch flint sparker
available for the pilot’s use. Given the propane combustion used to propel the hot-air balloon, a fire
extinguisher is an absolute necessity. Flame-resistant gauntlets made out of either leather or Nomex
are required for the pilot so that a gas valve can be disabled even if an open flame is present. While
Nomex is a specially manufactured synthetic form of fire retardant material, synthetic clothing is
generally a hindrance to fire safety, and clothing made of natural fiber is a superior option for pilots.
Finally, a handling line – a long rope that can be thrown overboard – is a vital precautionary
measure that allows people on the ground to steer the balloon away from trouble.
Questions:

1.Fatal accidents are more common in hot-air balloons

2. Safety gears are always available on the hot-air balloons
3. It is unnecessary to carry a fire extinguisher in the hot-air balloons.
4. Flame-resistant gauntlets made of leather are one of the required items for a pilot.
5. People on the ground use handling rope to steer the balloon.

Example 8

No one doubts that intelligence develops as children grow older. Yet, the concept of intelligence has
proved both quite difficult to define in unambiguous terms and unexpectedly controversial in some
respects. Although at one level, there seem to be almost as many definitions of intelligence as
people who have tried to define it, there is broad agreement on two key features. That is, intelligence
involves the capacity to not only to learn from experience but also to adapt to one’s environment.
However, we cannot leave the concept there. Before turning to what is known about intelligence
development, it is necessary to consider whether we consider the growth of one or many skills. That
question has been tackled in rather different ways by psychometricians and by developmentally.

Questions:
1. As children grow older, Intelligence evolves.
2. The concept of intelligence has failed to win over the controversies regarding the definition of
intelligence..
3. Intelligence can be defined as the capacity to learn from experience and learn to adapt to the
environment.
4. It is unnecessary to consider how many skills are involved in the evolution of intelligence.
5. Many psychometricians have avoided giving an exact definition of intelligence.

Example 9
 But salt is also an essential element. Without it, life itself would be impossible since the human
body requires the mineral in order to function properly. The concentration of sodium .ions in the
blood is directly related to the regulation of safe body fluid levels. And while we are all familiar with
its many uses in cooking, we may not be aware that this element is used in some 14,000
commercial applications. From manufacturing pulp and paper to setting dyes in textiles and fabric,
from producing soaps and detergents to making our roads safe in winter, salt plays an essential
part in our daily lives. Salt has a long and influential role in world history. From the dawn of
civilization, it has been a key factor in economic, religious, social and political development in
every corner of the world, it has been the subject of superstition, folklore, and warfare, and has
even been used as currency.

Questions

1. It is possible to live without consuming salt.

2. Sodium ions control body fluid levels.
3. Salt has only culinary uses.
4. Salt deficiency results in diseases.
5. Salt has been used as money.

Example 10

In Australia, the University of Sydney’s Professor Ian Caterson says while major genetic defects may
be rare, many people probably have minor genetic variations that combine to dictate the weight and are
responsible for things such as how much we eat, the amount of exercise we do and the amount of
energy we need. When you add up all these little variations, the result is that some people are
genetically predisposed to putting on weight. He says while the fast/slow metabolism debate may have
been settled, that doesn’t mean some other subtle change in the metabolism gene won’t be found in
overweight people. He is confident that science will, eventually, be able to ‘cure’ some forms of obesity.
Still, the only effective way for the vast majority of overweight and obese people to lose weight is a
change of diet and an increase in exercise.

Questions:
1.Dr Susan Jebb said that the genetic defects for obesity may be rare.
2. Some people are genetically liable to putting on weight.
3. Caterson believed that science will help in curing some of the obesity forms.
4. Obese people often try to deny their responsibility.
5. One of the most effective ways to lose weight is to exercise daily, and follow a healthy-eating plan.

Example 11

Humans and monkeys are mammals, in the animal family known as primates. These are not the only
animals whose numerical capacities rely on ratio. The same seems to apply to some amphibians.
Psychologist Claudia Uller’s team tempted salamanders with two sets of fruit flies held in clear
tubes. In a series of trials, the researchers noted which tube the salamanders scampered towards,
reasoning that if they could recognize the number, they would head for the larger number. The
salamanders successfully discriminated between tubes containing 8 and 16 flies respectively, but not
between 3 and 4. 4 and 6, or 8 and 12. So it seems that for the salamanders to discriminate between
two numbers, the larger must be at least twice as big as the smaller. However, they could
differentiate between 2 and 3 flies and between 1 and 2 flies, suggesting they recognize small
numbers differently from larger numbers.

Questions:
1. Primates are the only animals whose numerical capacities rely on ratio.
2. Salamanders were tempted by two sets of fruit flies by Claudia Uller and the researchers.
3. It was very difficult for Claudia Uller’s team to recognize the scampered salamanders in the
tube.
4. Salamanders could easily discriminate between the tubes containing 8 and 12 flies.
5. The researchers gave a final reason that the salamanders could discriminate between two
numbers in which the larger number must be twice as big as the smaller number.

Example 12
 The concept of indoor farming is not new since hothouse production of tomatoes and other
produce has been in vogue for some time. What is new is the urgent need to scale up this
technology to accommodate another three billion people. Many believe an entirely new
approach to indoor farming is needed, employing cutting-edge technologies. One such proposal
is for the “Vertical Farm”. These are multi-story buildings in which food crops are grown in
environmentally controlled conditions. Situated in the heart of urban centres, they would
drastically reduce the amount of transportation required to bring food to consumers. Vertical
farms would need to be efficient, cheap to construct, and safe to operate. If successfully
implemented, proponents claim, vertical farms offer the promise of urban renewal, sustainable
production of safe and varied food supply (through year-round production of all crops), and the
eventual repair of ecosystems that have been sacrificed for horizontal farming.

Questions:
1. Vertical farm technology will accommodate the production for another three billion people –
No.
2. Vertical farming is proposed by people as a part of a new approach to indoor farming.
3.Vertical farming technologies face economic challenges with large start-up costs compared to
traditional farms.
4. Vertical farming would reduce the use of transportation required to carry food items to the
consumers.
5. With the implementation of vertical farms, there will be a reliable production of safe and varied
food supplies.

Example 13

It is commonly thought that A.D.D. only affects children, and that they grow out of the condition
once they reach adolescence. It is now known that this is often not the case. Left undiagnosed
or untreated, children with all forms of A.DD. risk a lifetime of failure to relate effectively to
others at home, school, college, and work. This brings significant emotional disturbances into
play and is very likely to negatively affect self-esteem. Fortunately, early identification of the
problem, together with appropriate treatment, makes it possible for many victims to overcome
the substantial obstacles that A.D.D. places in the way of successful learning. One
approximately 15% of A.D.H.D. children do, however, have learning disabilities
Questions:
1. Children with Attention Deficit Disorder (A.D.D) usually improve once they become teenagers.
2. Untreated A.D.D in children can lead to significant problems at home, school, college, and
work.
3. Attention Deficit Disorder (A.D.D) is a neurobiological problem that affects 3-5% of all children.
4. Early recognition of A.D.D and effective treatment will help children overcome the A.D.D
obstacles.
5. Children with A.D.H.D have learning disabilities.

Example 14

Half a billion people in Asia and Africa depend on bananas. Bananas provide the largest source of
calories and are eaten daily. Its name is synonymous with food. But the day of reckoning may be
coming for the Cavendish and its indigenous kin. Another fungal disease, black Sigatoka, has
become a global epidemic since its first appearance in Fiji in 1963. Left to itself, black Sigatoka,
which causes brown wounds on leaves and premature fruit ripening – cuts fruit yields by 50 to 70
percent and reduces the productive lifetime of banana plants from 30 years to as little as 2 or 3.
Commercial growers keep Sigatoka at bay by a massive chemical assault. Forty sprayings of
fungicide a year is typical. But despite the fungicides, diseases such as black Sigatoka are getting
more and more difficult to control. “As soon as you bring in a new fungicide, they develop
resistance,” says Frison. “One thing we can be sure of is that the Sigatoka won’t lose in this battle.”
Poor farmers, who cannot afford chemicals, have it even worse. They can do little more than watch
their plants die. “Most of the banana fields in Amazonia have already been destroyed by the
disease,” says Luadir Gasparotto, Brazil’s leading banana pathologist with the government research
agency EMBRAPA. Production is likely to fall by 70 percent as the disease spreads, he predicts. The
only option will be to find a new variety.

Questions:

1.Bananas are among the most commonly consumed fruits in Asia and Africa.
2. Black Sigatoka is a common leaf-spot disease in banana plants caused by Fungus
Mycosphaerella fijiensis.
3. Due to the Black Sigatoka, banana plants’ lifetime decreases from 30 years to 2 or 3 years.
4. Frison says that the banana fields in Amazonia have been affected by the black Sigatoka.
5. According to Luadir’s predictions, if the black Sigatoka spreads, production will drop down by 70%
 Example 15

Nature is abundant with sweet foodstuffs, the most common naturally occurring substance being
fructose, which is found in almost all fruits and berries and is the main component of honey. Of course,
once eaten, all foods provide one or more of the three basic food components – protein, fat, and
carbohydrate – which eventually break down (if and when required) to supply the body with the essential
sugar glucose. Nature also supplies us with sucrose, a naturally occurring sugar within the sugar cane
plant, which was discovered and exploited many centuries BC. Sucrose breaks down into glucose within
the body. Nowadays, this white sugar is the food industry standard taste for sugar – the benchmark
against which all other sweet tastes are measured. In the U.S.A. a number of foods, and especially soft
drinks, are commonly sweetened with High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS), derived from corn starch by a
process developed in the late 1960s. And man has further added to nature’s repertoire by developing a
dozen or so artificial sweetening agents that are considered harmless, non-active chemicals with the
additional property of sweetness to cater to his sweet tooth.

Questions:

1.Fructose is the main constituent of honey and is present in almost all fruits and berries.
2. Sucrose is known as table sugar and chemically consists of glucose & fructose.
3. Sucrose is a common form of sugar found in the sugarcane plant, which was earlier discovered and
exploited.
4. Artificial sweeteners developed by man are considered to be harmful as they consist of active
chemicals.
5. High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS) is a sweetener made from corn starch which is commonly used in
soft drinks.