DEDAN KIMATHI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY 6

=
ELEC & ELEC ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT s2 − 2s + 1 − 9
EMT CIRCUIT & NETWORK THEORY II - CAT I SOLUTION 2×3
=
(s − 1)2 − 32
1). Using Laplace transforms, solve completely, the simultaneous differential
equations taking the inverse laplace transform gives

dx dy y(t) = 3et sinh 3t

− + 2x − 2y = 0
dt dt
substituting 3 in 1
dx dy
+2 − 7x − 5y = 0
dt dt 6(s + 2)
X(s + 2) − = 2
given that x = 2 and y = 0 when t = 0. s2 − 2s − 8
6(s + 2)
Solution: X(s + 2) = 2+
s2
− 2s − 8
Taking the laplace transforms of the two equation
2 6
X = + 2
sX − x(0) − sY + y(0) + 2X − 2Y = 0 s + 2 s − 2s − 8
2 6
sX − x(0) + 2[sY − y(0)] − 7X − 5Y = 0 = +
s + 2 s2 − 2s + 1 − 9
imposing the initial condition 2 2×3
= +
s + 2 (s − 1)2 − 32
sX − sY + 2X − 2Y = 2
taking the inverse laplace transform gives
X(s + 2) − Y (s + 2) = 2 (1)
sX + 2sY − 7X − 5Y = 2 x(t) = 2e−2t + 2et sinh 3t
X(s − 7) + Y (2s − 5) = 2 (2)
2). Find the Fourier transform of
Multiplying 1 with (s − 7) and 2 with (s + 2) we have (
cosh(t); for|t| ≤ 1
X(s + 2)(s − 7) − Y (s + 2)(s − 7) = 2s − 14 f (t) =
0; for|t| ≥ 1
X(s − 7)(s + 2) + Y (2s − 5)(s + 2) = 2s + 4
Solution:
subtracting Given f (t) = cosh t for −1 < t < 1
Z ∞
Y (2s − 5)(s + 2) + Y (s + 2)(s − 7) = 18
F (ω) = f (t)ejωt dt
Y [2s2 − s − 10 + s2 − 5s − 14] = 18 −∞
∞
et + e−t jωt
Z
Y [3s2 − 6s − 24] = 18 = e dt
−∞ 2
∞
e(1+jω)t e(−1+jω)t
Z
= + dt
18 −∞ 2 2
Y =
3s2 − 6s − 24 1 1
6 e(1+jω)t  e(−1+jω)t 
= (3) = +
s2 − 2s − 8 2(1 + jω) −1 2(−1 + jω) −1

1
 e(1+jω) − e−(1+jω) e(−1+jω) − e−(−1+jω) from residue theorem,
= +
2(1 + jω) 2(−1 + jω) 
10 
sinh(1 + jω) sinh(−1 + jω) A =  =0
= + j10ω + 1 jω
1 + jω −1 + jω
sinh 1 cosh jω + cosh 1 sinh jω − sinh 1 cosh jω + cosh 1 sinh jω = 10 
= + 1 
1 + jω −1 + jω B =
2 sinh 1 cosh jω − 2ω cosh 1 sinh jω jω jω=− 1
10
= ; but = −10
(1 + ω 2 )
cosh(jω) = cos ω, sinh(jω) = j sin ω 10 10
Vc = +−
2 sinh 1 cos ω + 2ω cosh 1 sin ω jω j10ω + 1
F (ω) =
(1 + ω 2 ) By inspection

vc (t) = F −1 {Vc (jω)}

3). Find the voltage across the capacitor in Figure 1 given that i(t) = u(t). t
= 10 − 10e− 10
Solution:

4). Using node voltage analysis, determine v1 (t) and v2 (t) in the figure 2
below using Laplace transform method given the supply current is a unit
ramp signal and assuming zero initial conditions

Figure 1:
Using current division

10
Ic = 1 × Is Figure 2:
10 + jω Solution:
j10ω 1 NODE 1:
= ×
j10ω + 1 jω
1 V1 s
10 2
= + (V1 − V2 )
= s 8 4
j10ω + 1
8 = V1 (2s3 + s2 ) − 2s3 V2
Vc = Ic × Zc
10 1 NODE 2
= ×
j10ω + 1 jω
10 s V2 V2
= (V1 − V2 ) = +
jω(j10ω + 1) 4 6 2s
2
A B 3s (V1 − V2 ) − 2sV2 − 6V2 = 0
= + 3s2 V1 − V2 (3s2 + 2s + 6) =
jω j10ω + 1

2
 3s2 + 2s + 6
V1 = V2
3s2
inverse laplace transforming
substituting back
" √ √ #
3 2 2 −t 7 5 7
(2s + s )(3s + 2s + 6) v1 (t) = 8t − 16 + 16e cosh t + sinh t
8 = V2 − 2s3 V2 7 7 7
3s2
24s2 = (2s3 + s2 )(3s2 + 2s + 6)V2 − 6s5 V2
24 = (7s2 + 14s + 6)V2
24
V2 = 2
7s + 14s + 6
24
7
= 6
s2 + 2s + 7
24
7
= 1
(s + 1)2 − 7

inverse laplace transforming

24 1
v2 (t) = √ e−t sinh √ t
7 7
From

V1 =
3s2 + 2s + 6 24
= × 2
3s2 7s + 14s + 6
8(3s2 + 2s + 6)
=
s2 (7s2 + 14s + 6)
A B Cs + D
= 2
+ + 2
s s 7s + 14s + 6
8(3s2 + 2s + 6) 

A = =8
(7s2 + 14s + 6) s=0
d 8(3s2 + 2s + 6) 

B = = −16
ds (7s2 + 14s + 6)  s=0

Further manipulation gives C = 112 and D = 192

8 16 112(s + 1)
V1 = − + 2 +
s2 s 7s + 14s + 6
8 16 112s + 192 80
= − + 2 +
s2 s 7s + 14s + 6 7s2 + 14s + 6