6/5/22, 11:46 AM Project 2 - Rankine cycle Simulator using Matlab : Skill-Lync

Project 2 - Rankine cycle Simulator using Matlab

updated on Jul 05, 2020

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Aim-

1. To Simulate a Rankine cycle using matlab.

2. Extracting Steam and water properties from Xstram file.
3. Calculating all the state points of the cycle based on User inputs.
4. Plotting the T vs S and H vs S plot for the given input.

Theory- A rankine cycle is an idealised Thermodynamic cycle which governs the working of a Heat Engine. In Rankine cycle,the
friction losses of a heat engine are neglected. It is a cycle which converts heat into mechanical energy which usually is converted into
electrical energy . There are four components in this cycle which work on four different processes.The four components are
turbine,Condensor,Pump and Boiler. Rankine cycle is nothing but a modification of Carnot cycle. Ideal Rankine cycle is very useful in
steam power plants and gas power plants. To improve the efficiency of Rankine cycle in the steam power plant, there are some
changes in Rankine cycle which differs from the Carnot cycle. Firstly, a pump is used in place of condenser to handle only liquid, not a
mixture of liquid and vapour.Secondly, exhaust steam from the turbine is completely condensed in the condenser, see in the following
diagram:

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Processes and Working :

There are four processes in the rankine cycle :

1. Process 1-2 : Isentropic Expansion in the turbine

2. Process 2-3 : Constant pressure Heat rejection in condenser
3. Process 3-4 : Isentropic compression in the pump
4. Process 4-1 : Constant pressure heat addition in the boiler

Rankine cycle efficiency ηR is -

Back Work Ratio:

The fraction of the work produced by the turbine that is consumed by the compressor.

BW ratio=Wp/Wt

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6/5/22, 11:46 AM Project 2 - Rankine cycle Simulator using Matlab : Skill-Lync

MATLAB PROGRAM FOR RANKINE CYCLE SIMULATOR

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6/5/22, 11:46 AM Project 2 - Rankine cycle Simulator using Matlab : Skill-Lync

clear all
close all
clc

disp(' RANKINE CYCLE ');

disp('1-2 is Constant pressure heat addition in the boiler');
disp('2-3 is Isentropic Expansion in the Turbine');
disp('3-4 is Constant pressure heat removal in the Condenser');
disp('4-1 is Isentropic compression in the pump');

p1 = input('nValue of pressure at turbine inlet, p1(in bar) = ');

T1 = input('nValue of temperature at turbine inlet, T1(in degree.C) = ');
p2 = input('nValue of pressure at condenser inlet, p2(in bar) = ');

% At State 1
h1 = XSteam('h_pT', p1, T1); % Extracting Enthalpy at state pt 1
s1 = XSteam('s_pT', p1, T1); % Similarly

% At State 2
s2 = s1; % Isentropic Expansion
sf2= XSteam('sL_p', p2); % Saturated Liquid Entropy
sg2 = XSteam('sV_p', p2); % Saturated Vapour Entropy
x2 = (s2-sf2)/(sg2-sf2);
hf2 = XSteam('hL_p', p2);
hg2 = XSteam('hV_p', p2);
h2 = hf2 + (x2*(hg2-hf2));

% At State 3
p3 = p2; % Constant pressure Heat rejection in Condenser
s3= XSteam('sL_p', p3);
h3 = XSteam('hL_p', p3);

% At State 4
s4 = s3;
p4 = p1;

% Work done by turbine

Wt = h1 - h2;

% Work done to run pump

v3 = XSteam('vL_p', p3);
Wp = v3*(p4 - p3)*100;
h4 = h3 + Wp;

%Net work
Wnet = Wt - Wp;

%Heat into the system

Qin = h1 - h4;

%Heat out of the system

Qout = h2 - h3;

%Thermal efficiency
thermal_eff = (Wnet/Qin)*100;

%Specific Steam Consumption

%SSC = mass flow rate/power
SSC = (3600/Wnet);

% Back Work ratio

BW = (Wp/Wt)

% Calculation of Temperatures at the state points

T3 = XSteam('Tsat_p', p3);
T2 = T3;
Cp4 = XSteam('Cp_ps', p4, s4);
Cv4 = XSteam('Cv_ps', p4, s4);
k = Cp4/Cv4;
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6/5/22, 11:46 AM Project 2 - Rankine cycle Simulator using Matlab : Skill-Lync

T4 = T3/((p3/p4)^((k-1)/k));

%Calculating Temperature, Entropy and Enthalpy at the vapour and liquid line for plotting
T6 = XSteam('Tsat_p', p1);
s5 = XSteam('sL_p', p1);
s6 = XSteam('sV_p', p1);
h5 = XSteam('hL_p', p1);
h6 = XSteam('hV_p', p1);
T5 = T6;

%Plotting the saturation curve

T = linspace(1,375,1000);
for i = 1:length(T)

sf(i) = XSteam('sL_T', T(i));

sg(i) = XSteam('sV_T', T(i));
hf(i) = XSteam('hL_T', T(i));
hg(i) = XSteam('hV_T', T(i));
end

%Plotting T-s diagram

figure(1)
hold on
plot(sf, T, 'r','linewidth',1)
plot(sg, T, 'r','linewidth',1)
plot([s1 s2], [T1 T2], 'b', 'linewidth', 2)
plot([s2 s3], [T2 T3] ,'b', 'linewidth', 2)
plot([s3 s4], [T3 T4], 'b', 'linewidth', 2)
plot([s4 s5], [T4 T5], 'b', 'linewidth', 2)
plot([s5 s6], [T5 T6], 'b', 'linewidth', 2)
sc1 = linspace(s6, s1, 1000);
for l = 1:length(sc1)
Tc1(l) = XSteam('T_ps', p1, sc1(l));
end
plot(sc1, Tc1, 'b', 'linewidth', 2)
text(s1+0.1, T1, '1')
text(s2+0.1, T2, '2')
text(s3, T3-20, '3')
text(s4, T4+20, '4')
title('Temp vs Entropy plot')
xlabel('Entropy ,S (Kj/kgk')
ylabel('Temperature (degree C) ')
legend('Saturation curve')

%Plotting h-s diagram

figure(2)
hold on
plot(sf, hf, 'k', 'linewidth', 1)
plot(sg, hg, 'k', 'linewidth', 1)
plot([s1 s2], [h1 h2], 'r', 'linewidth', 2)
plot([s2 s3], [h2 h3], 'r', 'linewidth', 2)
plot([s3 s4], [h3 h4], 'r', 'linewidth', 2)
hc = linspace(h4, h5, 100);
for r = 1:length(hc)
sch(r) = XSteam('s_ph', p1, hc(r));
end
plot(sch,hc, 'r', 'linewidth', 2)
plot([s5 s6], [h5 h6], 'r', 'linewidth', 2)
for m = 1:length(sc1)
hc1(m) = XSteam('h_ps', p1, sc1(m));
end
plot(sc1, hc1, 'r', 'linewidth', 2)
text(s1+0.1, h1, '1')
text(s2+0.1, h2, '2')
text(s3, h3-100, '3')
text(s4, h4 +200, '4')
title('Enthalpy vs Entropy plot')
xlabel('Entropy , S (KJ/kgk) ')
ylabel('Enthalpy , H (KJ/kg)')
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6/5/22, 11:46 AM Project 2 - Rankine cycle Simulator using Matlab : Skill-Lync

legend('Saturation curve','location','northwest')

% Displaying the Results in the Command Window:

disp('Results');
p1 = p1;
T1 = T1;
p2 = p2;
disp('At stage point 1');
n1 = sprintf('P1 is %.3f bar',p1);
disp(n1);
n2 = sprintf('T1 is %.3f C',T1);
disp(n2);
n3 = sprintf('h1 is %.3f kJ/kg',h1);
disp(n3);
n4 = sprintf('s1 is %.3f kJ/kgK',s1);
disp(n4);
disp('At stage point 2');
n11 = sprintf('P2 is %.3f bar',p2);
disp(n11);
n21 = sprintf('T2 is %.3f C',T2);
disp(n21);
n31 = sprintf('h2 is %.3f kJ/kg',h2);
disp(n31);
n41 = sprintf('s2 is %.3f kJ/kgK',s2);
disp(n41);
disp('At stage point 3');
n12 = sprintf('P3 is %.3f bar',p3);
disp(n12);
n22 = sprintf('T3 is %.3f C',T3);
disp(n22);
n32 = sprintf('h3 is %.3f kJ/kg',h3);
disp(n32);
n42 = sprintf('s3 is %.3f kJ/kgK',s3);
disp(n42);
disp('At stage point 4');
n13 = sprintf('P4 is %.3f bar',p4);
disp(n13);
n23 = sprintf('T4 is %.3f C',T4);
disp(n23);
n33 = sprintf('h4 is %.3f kJ/kg',h4);
disp(n33);
n43 = sprintf('s4 is %.3f kJ/kgK',s4);
disp(n43);
n14 = sprintf('Wt is %.3f kJ/kg',Wt);
disp(n14);
n15 = sprintf('Wp is %.3f kJ/kg',Wp);
disp(n15);
n16 = sprintf('Wnet is %.3f kJ/kg',Wnet);
disp(n16);
n17 = sprintf('Thermal_efficiency is %.2f Percent',thermal_eff);
disp(n17);
n18 = sprintf('SSC is %.2f kg/kWh',SSC);
disp(n18);
n19 = sprintf('Back work ratio is %.3f ',BW);
disp(n19);

Exp lanation of Program

1. Xsteam data is used to extract steam and water properties of enthaly , entropy at specific pressure and temperatures
for sat liquid, sat vapour conditions etc .
2. The program requires the input of Pressure ( in bar) at state point 1 ( turbine inlet) , Temperature at same point (degree celcius)
and pressure at condenser inlet (point 2).
3. With the help of these inlets & from Xsteam data, the program calculates all the state points of the Rankine cycle .
4. The Xsteam data works as , h1 = XSteam('h_pT' , p1 , T1) it returns the enthalpy of water at given pressure and temperature
in bar and degC respectively
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6/5/22, 11:46 AM Project 2 - Rankine cycle Simulator using Matlab : Skill-Lync

5. As we extract the data , we use thermodynamic relation to further find state points and extract their data from XSteam which
are mentioned after studying the Rankine cycle.
6. Sf and sg , hf and hg , where f and g stands for saturated liquid and saturated vapour respectively are calculayed after studying
the plots of Rankine cycles and extracting data from Xsteam file.
7. The net work , work done by turbine , work done to run the pump , Heat in and heat out are calculated using
standard thermodynamic relation
8. Efficiency and Specific steam consumption (s.s.c) of the Rankine cycle is calculated from thermodynamic relations
and mentioning them in program using relations.
9. T , s and h are extracted at vapour and liquid line for plotting purpose , after 4th point for the variation you observe in the plot .
10. Saturation curve is plotted in red for saturated liquid and saturated gas in T-S and in H-S it is black .
11. Plot of T vs s and h vs s is created from all the points obtained from the program using the plot command and
mentioning all the lables, linewidth, color and title.
12. The plot changes as the user input changes for the above mentioned inputs .
13. Results are displayed in the command window by using sprint command .

Result - The input, ouput screen and the various state points with various parameters generated in the command window are shown
below

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6/5/22, 11:46 AM Project 2 - Rankine cycle Simulator using Matlab : Skill-Lync

RESULTS and PLOTS

The performance of the Heat Engine was calculated and the following Observations were made:

1. Net Work = 1120.863kJ/kg

2. Thermal Efficiency = 36.17%
3. Back Work Ratio = 0.003
The T-S and H-S performance curves of the Rankine Cycle were plotted.

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6/5/22, 11:46 AM Project 2 - Rankine cycle Simulator using Matlab : Skill-Lync

REFERENCES

http://www.thermopedia.com/content/1072/
http://www.ecourses.ou.edu/cgi-bin/ebook.cgi?topic=th&chap_sec=10.1&page=theory
https://in.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/9817-x-steam-thermodynamic-properties-of-water-and-steam
https://www.learnthermo.com/T1-tutorial/ch09/lesson-E/pg10.php

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6/5/22, 11:46 AM Project 2 - Rankine cycle Simulator using Matlab : Skill-Lync

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