Brushless DC Motors

Presented by
Kumaresan A (161me527)
Moutheepan S (161me542)
Brushless DC Motors
Contents…
• Introduction
• Motor basics
• Principles of BLDC motor
• Construction
• Hall sensors
• Dismantling of BLDC motor
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
• Applications
• Conclusion
Introduction…
• Classical DC motors are no doubt good and
simple but inefficient in some ways.
• Although dc motors possess good control
characteristics and ruggedness, their performance
and applications are inhibited due to sparking and
commutation problems.
• The Permanent Magnet Brushless DC
(PMBLDC) motor is able to overcome the
limitations mentioned above and satisfy the
requirements of a variable speed drive.
 Motor Basics
• What is a motor
Converts electrical energy into kinetic energy
• How it works
 Brushless DC Motor(BLDC)
Principles
• A BLDC is simply a normal dc motor turned inside out,
that means the coil is on the out side and the magnets
are inside
• The stator consists of several
coils which current is led through
Creating a magnetic field that
makes the rotor turns
Construction
• Stator consists of stacked steel
laminations with windings placed in
the slots that are axially cut along the
inner periphery

• Rotor is made of permanent magnet and can vary from two to

eight pole pairs with alternate North (N) and South (S) poles.
Ferrite magnets and Rare earth alloy magnets are used in rotor
Unlike a brushed DC motor, the commutation
of a BLDC motor is controlled electronically.

It is important to know the rotor position in order

to understand which winding will be energized
following the energizing sequence.

Rotor position is sensed by different ways some

of them are
1) Hall sensors
2) Optical encoders
Hall Sensors
When a magnetic field applied to a system with electric current a
hall voltage Perpendicular to the field and to current is generated.
This was discovered by Edwin Hall in 1879.
TORQUE/SPEED CHARACTERISTICS
DISASSEMBLED VIEW OF BRUSHLESS
DC MOTOR
Advantages
• Increased Reliability & Efficiency

• Longer Life

• Elimination of Sparks from Commutator

• Reduced Friction

• Faster Rate of Voltage & Current

Disadvantages

• Requires Complex Drive Circuitry

• Requires additional Sensors

• Higher Cost

• Some designs require manual labor

(Hand wound Stator Coils)
Applications
Consumer: Hard Drives, CD/DVD
Drives, PC Cooling Fans, toys, RC
airplanes, air conditioners
Medical: Artificial heart,
Microscopes, centrifuges,
Arthroscopic surgical tools, Dental
surgical tools and Organ transport
pump system.
Conclusion
• Although Brushless DC Motors are more expensive of
the same kW rating than conventional DC Motor but
there are many advantages.

• Brushless DC Motors can run when submerged in

fluids.

• Brushless DC Motor does not produce brush or

commutator particles or gases as by-products of
operation.