National University of Technology

(NUTECH)-Islamabad

Mechanics of Materials II
CEP Report: Design & simulation of a remote-controlled hybrid
ploughing machine

Submitted By:
M.Muddassar Khalid
F18602001

Taseer Abbas
F18602017

Abdul Rehman
F18602024

Submitted to:
Dr. Imran Shah

Date:
Wednesday, February 16, 2022

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 Contents
1. Abstract .................................................................................................................... 3
2. Introduction ............................................................................................................... 3
3. Design and Modelling ............................................................................................... 3
3.1. Design Methodology .......................................................................................... 3
3.2. Experimental methodology ................................................................................. 4
3.3. Parametric study ................................................................................................ 4
4. Results and discussion ............................................................................................. 7
4.1. Solid works Design: ............................................................................................ 7
4.2. Mesh .................................................................................................................. 9
4.3. Applied Forces ................................................................................................. 11
4.4. Total deformation ............................................................................................. 12
4.5. Elastic Strain .................................................................................................... 13
4.6. Stresses ........................................................................................................... 13
5. Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 14
6. References ............................................................................................................. 15

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1. Abstract
This report covers the Complex Engineering Problem (CEP) of a remote-controlled
hybrid ploughing machine. It includes varied aspects like the mathematical
analysis, Design & simulation. This report talks in length about the scope of the
CEP, methodology employed, Parametric study, ANSYS analysis and discusses
the results obtained. Results obtained are shown with the help of graphs and
pictures to better grasp the concept.

2. Introduction
Since thousands of years until now the farming is dependent on oxen drawn plough
plow. But this system is labor intensive, time consuming and its depth of ploughing
is shallow. These draw backs of existing agricultural system result in insufficient
productivity. Now a day’s modern agricultural machines are used. But they are
used by few organizations, small agriculture investors. Using this machine results
in considerable improvements in productivity of farmers at lower cost.

This CEP covers the design and simulation aspect of this full-scale project. Design
and simulation are of very fundamental importance. Before fabrication and
manufacturing, the CAD model design and Analysis must be done to foresee the
potential problems and identify the scope of the project. It also provides the design
specifics of the project.

We are improving already existing ploughing machines by making them hybrid and
a low-cost equipment for small scale farmers. It is more fuel efficient, uses clean
energy and easily accessible device/machine than already existing heavy and
large-scale machine which consume more energy and aren’t available to
everyone. This is also a step towards a smart farming revolution in Pakistan.

3. Design and Modelling

3.1. Design Methodology
Following were the steps involved in simulation while designing this CEP on
ANSYS
• First open the Ansys workbench 2021 R2 version.
• Select the Explicit dynamics from the analysis system.
• After that a table will appear where we will work on our simulation.
• The first was to choose Material from engineering data i.e., Structural
Steel, Mild steel,
• Then select geometry where we design our geometry according to specific
parameters, for thickness and round corners of design we use the pull icon.
• Once the design was ready close the geometry section.

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 • After that select the model portion where we apply different boundary
conditions. Select the geometry assign specific material to design. Then
insert fixed support and displacement and specify faces for each.
• Select Mesh and specify the mesh size and then generate mesh.
• At last, select solution insert the required results like total deformation,
stress etc. which we required and click on the solution.
• Once the solution completed, generate the report of the simulated results.
3.2. Experimental methodology
A protype (scaled down version) of the full-scale project will be made for testing
in laboratory.
3.3. Parametric study
Velocity = 3.3m/s = 12km/h
Alpha = 35⁰
S = 0.39 m
H = 0.1 m
Mass Weight Plough force Plough force Power Power
(kg) (N) (N) (KN) (W) (HP)
25 245.25 803.1241 0.803124 2650.309 3.55
26 255.06 835.249 0.835249 2756.322 3.69
27 264.87 867.374 0.867374 2862.334 3.83
28 274.68 899.499 0.899499 2968.347 3.97
29 284.49 931.6239 0.931624 3074.359 4.12
30 294.3 963.7489 0.963749 3180.371 4.26
31 304.11 995.8739 0.995874 3286.384 4.40
32 313.92 1027.999 1.027999 3392.396 4.54
33 323.73 1060.124 1.060124 3498.408 4.68
34 333.54 1092.249 1.092249 3604.421 4.83
35 343.35 1124.374 1.124374 3710.433 4.97
36 353.16 1156.499 1.156499 3816.446 5.11
37 362.97 1188.624 1.188624 3922.458 5.25
38 372.78 1220.749 1.220749 4028.47 5.40
39 382.59 1252.874 1.252874 4134.483 5.54
40 392.4 1284.999 1.284999 4240.495 5.68
41 402.21 1317.123 1.317123 4346.508 5.82
42 412.02 1349.248 1.349248 4452.52 5.96
43 421.83 1381.373 1.381373 4558.532 6.11
44 431.64 1413.498 1.413498 4664.545 6.25
45 441.45 1445.623 1.445623 4770.557 6.39

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 Mass vs Power & Plough Force
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Mass (kg)

Power (HP) Force (KN)

Velocity = 3.3m/s = 12km/h

Mass = 40 kg
Weight = 392.4 N
S = 0.39 m
H = 0.1 m
Angle Plough force Plough force Power Power
(N) (KN) (W) (HP)
15 1990.666 1.990666 6569.196 8.80
16 1929.678 1.929678 6367.937 8.53
17 1873.21 1.87321 6181.593 8.28
18 1819.953 1.819953 6005.844 8.05
19 1773.559 1.773559 5852.746 7.84
20 1726.505 1.726505 5697.466 7.63
21 1684.699 1.684699 5559.505 7.45
22 1644.869 1.644869 5428.068 7.27
23 1607.538 1.607538 5304.875 7.11
24 1571.863 1.571863 5187.149 6.95
25 1537.738 1.537738 5074.536 6.80
26 1505.64 1.50564 4968.613 6.66
27 1476.465 1.476465 4872.333 6.53
28 1447.383 1.447383 4776.364 6.40
29 1420.915 1.420915 4689.021 6.28
30 1393.466 1.393466 4598.438 6.16
31 1369.395 1.369395 4519.002 6.05
32 1347.944 1.347944 4448.215 5.96
33 1325.855 1.325855 4375.321 5.86
34 1239.771 1.239771 4091.245 5.48
35 1284.999 1.284999 4240.495 5.68

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 Angle vs Power & Plough force
10
8
6
4
2
0
10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Angle (⁰)

Plough force (KN) Power (HP)

Velocity = 3.3m/s = 12km/h

Mass = 35 kg
Weight = 343.35 N
S = 0.39 m
H = 0.1 m
Angle Plough force Plough force Power Power
(N) (KN) (W) (HP)
15 1741.832 1.741832 5748.047 7.70
16 1688.468 1.688468 5571.945 7.46
17 1639.059 1.639059 5408.893 7.25
18 1592.459 1.592459 5255.113 7.04
19 1551.864 1.551864 5121.153 6.86
20 1510.692 1.510692 4985.282 6.68
21 1474.111 1.474111 4864.567 6.52
22 1439.261 1.439261 4749.56 6.36
23 1406.596 1.406596 4641.766 6.22
24 1375.381 1.375381 4538.756 6.08
25 1345.521 1.345521 4440.219 5.95
26 1317.435 1.317435 4347.537 5.82
27 1291.907 1.291907 4263.292 5.71
28 1266.46 1.26646 4179.318 5.60
29 1243.301 1.243301 4102.893 5.49
30 1219.283 1.219283 4023.633 5.39
31 1198.22 1.19822 3954.127 5.30
32 1179.451 1.179451 3892.189 5.21
33 1160.123 1.160123 3828.406 5.13
34 1084.8 1.0848 3579.839 4.79
35 1124.374 1.124374 3710.433 4.97

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 Angle vs Plough force and power
9

0
10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Angle (⁰)

Plough force (KN) Power (HP)

4. Results and discussion

4.1. Solid works Design:

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Page 8 of 15
4.2. Mesh

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Page 10 of 15
4.3. Applied Forces

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4.4. Total deformation

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4.5. Elastic Strain

4.6. Stresses

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5. Conclusion
The aim of this CEP was to understand how CAD and Numerical analysis takes
place and how to integrate this analysis while doing a project or a solving a real-
world problem. We took design and Analysis part of our FYP (final year project)
and treated it as a CEP for this subject.
During this CEP, after analysis of our model design we learnt about the effects of
loading on chassis of model and which type of deformations will occur due to these
loadings and the extent of such happenings. We came to know about a lot of
design specifics about our project and the suitable choice of material for fabrication
of different parts.

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6. References
1. Measuring of pulling resistance in machinery with passive working organs
J. Musil, J. Červinka Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture
and Forestry in Brno, Brno, Czech Republi
2. Geometric performance parameters of three-point hitch linkage system of a
2WD Indian tractor G.V. Prasanna Kumar Department of Agricultural
Engineering, Triguna Sen School of Technology, Assam University, Silchar,
Assam, India Vol. 61, 2015 (1): 47–53 doi: 10.17221/79/2012-RAE
3. Plough calculation peculiarities for walking tractors Sergey Ovsyannikov1,*
, and Evgeniy Kalinin2 1 Belgorod State Technological University named
after V.G. Shukhov, 42, Kostyukova Street, Russia, Belgorod, 308012 2
Kharkiv National Technical University of Agriculture Petro Vasilenko, 44,
Alchevski Street, Ukraine, Kharkov, 62002
MATEC Web of Conferences 224, 02054 (2018)
https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822402054 ICMTMTE 2018
4. Friction Coefficients of Selected Agricultural Soil and Agro-Products – A
Review Ahmad Suhaizi Mat Su 1* and Desa Ahmad 2 1 Department of
Agriculture Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia.
43400 Serdang Selangor, Malaysia. 2 Department of Agricultural and
Biological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia.
43400 Serdang Selangor, Malaysia
5. MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF CHISEL PLOUGH V.Madhava1 ,
D.Mohana Krishnudu2 , P.Hussain 3, Dr.S.Sudhakar Babu 4 . V.Madhava,
AVR&SVR Engg College, Kurnool 2. D Mohana Krishnudu, Associate
professor, AVR&SVR Engg College, Kurnool 3. P Hussain, Associate
Professor & HOD, AVR&SVR Engg College, Kurnool 4. Dr.S.Sudhakar
Babu, Professor & principal of AVR&SVR Engg College, Kurnool

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