MATHS FORMULA - POCKET BOOK MATHS FORMULA - POCKET BOOK

3. INTEGRATION BY SUBSTITUTION : SOME RECOMMENDED SUBSTITUTION :

By suitable substitution, the variable x in

into another variable t so that the integrand f(x) is changed

z ch
f x dx is changed
Function

a −x , 2 2
1
, a2 – x2
Substitution

x = a sin θ or a cos θ
a2 − x2
into F(t) which is some standard integral. Some following
1
suggestions will prove useful.
x2 + a2 , , x2 + a2 x = a tanθ or x = a sinhθ
x + a2
2

Function Substitution Integration 1

x −a , 2 2 , x 2 – a2 x = a sec θ
x2 − a2

zc h f ax + b dx ax + b = t
1
a
F(ax + b) + c
x a+ x
or x = a cosh θ

, ,
a+ x x

zch ch f x f' x dx f(x) = t

dfcxhi
2
2

+c
c
1
x a+ x . x a+ x h c h x = a tan2 θ

z d c hi c h
fφx φ x dx φ(x) = t z ch
f t dt x
a− x
,
a− x
x
,

1
z cc hh f' x
f x
dx f(x) = t log|f(x)| + c
x a−x , c h c
x a− x h x = a sin2 θ

x x−a
, ,
x−a
z d c hi c h
f x
n
f' x dx f(x) = t
cf(x)h
n+1
n+1
+ c, n ≠ – 1
x x−a , c h
x
1
x = a sec2 θ
c
x a− x h
z cc hh f' x
fx
dx f(x) = t 2[f(x)]1/2 + c a− x
a+ x
,
a+x
a−x
x = a cos 2θ

x−α
β−x
, cx − αh cβ − xh ,(β > α) x = α cos2 θ + β sin2 θ

, 608-A, TALWANDI KOTA (RAJ.) Ph. 0744 - 6450883, 2405510 PAGE # 143 , 608-A, TALWANDI KOTA (RAJ.) Ph. 0744 - 6450883, 2405510 PAGE # 144
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