Mechanics of Deformable Bodies I Lecture Notes Lecture 1

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Mechanics of Deformable Bodies I - Lecture notes - Lecture 1
Mechanics of Deformable Bodies I (University of Alberta)
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CIVE 270
Mechanics of Deformable Bodies
Strength of Materials
Mechanics of Materials
How does the course differ from ENGG 130,

Engineering Mechanics ?
Study of the interactions between bodies and
the forces acting on them.

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Mechanics of Deformable Bodies

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Three Fundamental Questions

• Will an object or structure supports the
loads to which it is subjected?
• What is the change in shape, or in
deformation, of an object subjected to
loads?
• What can be done if the external loads
on an object cannot be determined by
using equilibrium static equations?

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• Lecturer: Yaman Boluk

• Textbook: R.C. Hibbeler, Mechanics of Materials, 8th
Ed, SI Units, Pearson
• Lectures: Attendance and participation in all lectures are
strongly recommended.
• Grading
– Assignments 10%
– Laboratories 10%
– Mid-term 30%
– Final 50%
• Read CivE 270 Syllabus
• Always follow eclass for updated course information and
announcements.
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Assignments
• Problem sets
• For learning
• Prepare yourself to examinations
• Assigned weekly and due Mondays
• Work individually

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General Rules of Solving a Problem
• Sketch the problem

– Label the coordinate system and signs
– Label dimensions and forces
– Draw free body diagrams
• Show your thinking
• Follow all rules and conventions
• Plug numbers in SI units
• Check the answer

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Today we will discuss:

1.1. Introduction
1.2 Equilibrium of Deformable Body
6.1 Shear and Moment Diagrams

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Equilibrium of a Deformable Body
1. External Loads
2. Support Reactions
3. Internal Resultant Loadings
– Axial Force, N
– Shear Force, V
– Bending Moment, M

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1. External Forces acting on a Body

Surface Forces
• Concentrated Forces (F)
• Linear distributed Forces (F/L)
• Distributed Forces (F/L2)
Body Forces
• Force du to Gravity (Weight)
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd

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An example of external forces

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1. External Loads
– Axial Force, N
– Shear Force, V

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Support Reactions at Connections

M
Fixed Fx
Fy
Pinned Fx
Type of connections
Fy
Roller
(horz)
Fy
Roller Fx
(vert)
Smooth
support F
If the support prevents translation in a given direction, then force
must be developed on the body in that direction.
Likewise, if rotation is prevented, a moment must be exerted.
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An example of support reactions

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How to calculate
Support Reactions?

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Equilibrium Equations
Equilibrium equations are used to calculate

forces acting on the body
Support reactions are treated as external forces

acting on the body

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1. External Loads
– Axial Force, N
– Shear Force, V

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(IRLs)
• We will determine internal resultant loadings which
are the loadings acting within a body.
• Cut a convenient section though the body where the
IRL are to be determined.
• Sketch free-body diagram showing all the external
loads and the IRL acting both normal and parallel to
the section.
• Directions of IRL are assumed.
• Compute the magnitudes and the directions of the
IRL.

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Internal Resultant Loadings at the

Cutting Plane

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2D Loadings

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Calculations of IRLs
Magnitudes and directions
• Use equilibrium equations to compute the resultant

internal loadings.
• Directions of IRL are assumed.
• If the resultant is negative, the assumed direction is
incorrect.

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Internal Resultant Loadings
Reactions acting perpendicular to section:

1. Normal Force, N ΣFN = 0 (F)
2. Bending Moment, M ΣMN = 0 (F•L)
Reactions acting parallel to section:
1. Shear Force, V ΣFV = 0 (F)
2. Torsional Moment
or Torque, T ΣMT = 0 (F•L)

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How to determine Internal Resultant

Loadings (IRLs)
• Cut the section through
the body where the IRLs
are determined
• Draw Free Body
Diagram which shows all
the external loads and
IRLs acting both normal
and parallel to the section
• Calculate the
magnitudes and
directions of the IRLs
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Example 1

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12.5 (2/3)
25.0

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Free Body Diagrams (F.B.D)
Shear Force Diagrams (S.F.D.)

and
Bending Moment Diagrams (B.M.D.)

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Classification of Beam Supports

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S.F.D. and B.M.D.

• Plots of V(x) and M(x) along the x-axis.
• The purpose of shear and moment
diagrams is to determine the maximum
values of V and M and their locations.

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Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagrams

• Shear Force is obtained by summing forces
perpendicular to the beam’s axis up to the end of
the segment.
• Bending Moment is obtained by summing
moments about the end of the segment.
• Note the sign conventions are opposite when the
summing processes are carried out with opposite
direction.

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Sign Convention
• Loads acting upward are positive.
• The sign convention for shear forces and
bending moments are not based on their
directions along the coordinates axes.
• Shear force tends to rotate the material clockwise
is positive. Shear force tends to rotate the
material counterclockwise is negative.
• Moment that cause compression in the top and
elongate the lower part of the beam is positive.
Bending moment tends to elongate the upper part
of the beam and compress the lower part of the
beam is negative.

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How to Plot SFD and BMD (analytical method)

• Sketch the FBD of the beam showing the external
loads and support reactions.
• Compute the external support reactions using
equilibrium equations.
• Cut a vertical section at each section where the
loading changes.
• Sketch the FBD of each section showing the internal
reactions.
• Compute V(x) and M(x) using the equilibrium
equations.
• Sketch the shear and moment diagrams.
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Example 2
For the beam with the loading P shown, a) draw the shear
force and bending moment diagrams; b) determine the
equations of the shear and bending moment curves.

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Example 3
Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the simply supported beam

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Shear Force Diagrams (S.F.D.)

and
Bending Moment Diagrams (B.M.D.)
by
Graphical Solutions
Lecture 2
CIVE 270
Fall 2013
Instructor Y. Boluk, Ph.D., P.Eng
Professor, Nanofibre Chair

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Classification of Beam Supports

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S.F.D. and B.M.D.

• Plots of V(x) and M(x) along the x-axis.
• The purpose of shear and moment
diagrams is to determine the maximum
values of V and M and their locations.

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Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagrams

• Shear Force is obtained by summing forces
perpendicular to the beam’s axis up to the end of
the segment.
• Bending Moment is obtained by summing
moments about the end of the segment.
• Note the sign conventions are opposite when the
summing processes are carried out with opposite
direction.

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Sign Convention
• Loads acting upward are positive.
• The sign convention for shear forces and
bending moments are not based on their
directions along the coordinates axes.
• Shear force tends to rotate the material clockwise
is positive. Shear force tends to rotate the
material counterclockwise is negative.
• Moment that cause compression in the top and
elongate the lower part of the beam is positive.
Bending moment tends to elongate the upper part
of the beam and compress the lower part of the
beam is negative.

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Sign Conventions (cont.)

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How to Plot SFD and BMD (analytical method)

• Sketch the FBD of the beam showing the external
loads and support reactions.
• Compute the external support reactions using
equilibrium equations.
• Cut a vertical section at each section where the
loading changes.
• Sketch the FBD of each section showing the internal
reactions.
• Compute V(x) and M(x) using the equilibrium
equations.
• Sketch the shear and moment diagrams.
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GRAPHICAL METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTING

SHEAR AND MOMENT DIAGRAMS
Regions of distributed load:
Change in shear = area under distributed loading
∆V = ∫ w( x )dx
Change in moment = area under shear diagram
∆M = ∫ V ( x )dx
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SHEAR AND MOMENT DIAGRAMS (cont.)
Regions of distributed load:
Change in shear = area under distributed loading
∆V = ∫ w( x )dx
Change in moment = area under shear diagram
∆M = ∫ V ( x )dx
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SHEAR AND MOMENT DIAGRAMS (cont.)
Regions of concentrated force and moment:
V − F − (V + ∆V ) = 0
∆V = F
M + ∆M − M 0 − V∆x − M = 0
∆M = M 0
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EXAMPLE 1
Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the beam shown in Fig.
6–12a.
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EXAMPLE 2 (cont.)
•Solutions
• The reactions are shown on the
free-body diagram in Fig. 6–12b.
• The shear at each end is plotted first,

Fig. 6–12c. Since there is no
distributed load on the beam,
the shear diagram has zero slope
and is therefore a horizontal line.
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EXAMPLE 1 (cont.)
•Solutions
• The moment is zero at each end,
Fig. 6–12d. The moment diagram
has a constant negative slope of
-M0/2L since this is the shear in the
beam at each point. Note that the
couple moment causes a jump in the
moment diagram at the beam’s
center, but it does not affect the
shear diagram at this point.
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EXAMPLE 2
Draw the shear and moment diagrams for each of the beams shown in
Figs. 6–13a and 6–14a.
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EXAMPLE 2 (cont.)
•Solutions
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EXAMPLE 3
Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the simply supported beam

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EXAMPLE 4
For the beam with the loading P shown, a) draw the shear
force and bending moment diagrams; b) determine the
equations of the shear and bending moment curves.

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EXAMPLE 5
Draw the shear and bending moment diagrams for the

beam and loading shown.

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Mechanics of Deformable Bodies I - Lecture notes - Lecture 1

Mechanics of Deformable Bodies I (University of Alberta)

StuDocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university

Downloaded by Data Stats (datastatz@gmail.com)

How does the course differ from ENGG 130,

Downloaded by Data Stats (datastatz@gmail.com)

Mechanics of Deformable Bodies

Downloaded by Data Stats (datastatz@gmail.com)

Three Fundamental Questions

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• Lecturer: Yaman Boluk

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General Rules of Solving a Problem

• Sketch the problem

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Today we will discuss:

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Equilibrium of a Deformable Body

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1. External Forces acting on a Body

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd

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An example of external forces

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd

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Equilibrium of a Deformable Body

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Support Reactions at Connections

An example of support reactions

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd

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Equilibrium equations are used to calculate

Support reactions are treated as external forces

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Equilibrium of a Deformable Body

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3. Internal Resultant Loadings

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Internal Resultant Loadings at the

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• Use equilibrium equations to compute the resultant

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Internal Resultant Loadings

Reactions acting perpendicular to section:

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How to determine Internal Resultant

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Free Body Diagrams (F.B.D)

Shear Force Diagrams (S.F.D.)

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Classification of Beam Supports

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S.F.D. and B.M.D.

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Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagrams

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How to Plot SFD and BMD (analytical method)

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