BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

EE 223

Topic 9: Multimeter Reading

What is a Multimeter
A multimeter is a test tool used to measure two or more electrical values—principally voltage current and resistance. It is
a standard diagnostic tool for technicians in the electrical/electronic industries.

By attaching two leads to different parts of an electrical system, it can be used to detect levels of voltage and resistance,
or changes in electrical currents.

This tool may also be known as a volt-ohm meter or volt-ohm-milliammeter (VOM).

There are two types of Multimeter:

1.) Analog Multimeter

2.) Digital Multimeter

Analog Multimeter
An analog multimeter has a needle that moves over a graduated scale. Analog multimeters are less expensive than their
digital counterparts but can be difficult for some users to read accurately. Also, they must be handled carefully and can
be damaged if they are dropped. Analog multimeters typically are not as accurate as digital meters when used as a
voltmeter.

However, analog multimeters are great for detecting slow voltage changes because you can watch the needle moving
over the scale.

Analog multimeters are preferred by some technicians because the movement of the needle can show you some things
that are not so obvious with digital multimeters.
Analog Multimeter

Needle/Pointer Scale

Dial/ Infinity Knob

Zero Ohm Adjuster

Range
Range Selector

Test Probes

Positive Probe

Negative Probe
Analog Multimeter
Parts of an Analog Multimeter

This electronic measuring tool needs a number of components to be able to perform the tasks for which it was designed to
work well. So, the result of the cooperation between these parts is measuring the values we have already mentioned.

a.)Pointer or Needle – indicates the values read from the scale

b.) Scale
c.) Dial/Infinity Knob
d.) Zero Ohm Adjuster
e.) Range Selector Knob
f.) Range
g.) Test Probes
– shows the value of what is being measured
– points the needle to the 0 at the left side of the scale
– adjusts the needle to the right side of the scale
– allows changing the function and scale
– allows more accurate measurement for small values
– Positive probe (red) and Negative Probe (black) are used to connect to the circuit or
device under test.
Digital Multimeter
Digital multimeters are the most commonly available type and include simple versions as well as advanced designs for
electronics engineers. In place of the moving needle and scale found on analog meters, digital meters provide readings
on an LCD screen. They tend to cost more than analog multimeters, but the price difference is minimal among basic
versions. Advanced testers are much more expensive.

Advantage of Digital over Analog:

Digital multimeters typically are better than analog in the voltmeter function, due to the higher resistance of digital. But
for most users, the primary advantage of digital testers is the easy-to-read and highly accurate digital readout.

Digital multimeters long ago replaced needle-based analog meters due to their ability to measure with greater accuracy,
reliability and increased impedance.

Digital multimeters combine the testing capabilities of single-task meters—the voltmeter (for measuring volts), ammeter
(amps) and ohmmeter (ohms). Often, they include several additional specialized features or advanced options.
Technicians with specific needs, therefore, can seek out a model targeted to meet their needs.
Digital Multimeter

Digital Display

Hold and Range

Function

Light Test Probes

Range Selector/
Dial

Input Jacks for

Test Probe
Importance of Multimeter
Why is a Multimeter important?

The voltmeter, or more often the multimeter, is an incredible tool, capable of troubleshooting nearly every
electrical system and fault in existence. No matter how often they are used, and what job they perform, there is always
more you can accomplish with knowledge of how they work.

Multimeters are important for all types of electrical works especially with energized equipment/system. From
simple installation of lighting fixtures or ceiling fan to replacement of convenience outlet, using a multimeter helps to
determine if the conductors are hot or not.
BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
EE 223

End of Topic 9