UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS

(Universidad del Perú, DECANA DE AMÉRICA)

ESCUELA DE ESTUDIOS GENERALES
Área: Ciencias de la Salud
Asignatura: Inglés Aplicado a la Ciencia de la Salud I

Código: CSE003
School of Medical Technology

Physical
Therapy
 What is Physical Therapy?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b8WzXzKWV40
 OBJECTIVES
On completion of this class, the students will:

➢ Improve clarity and consistency in clinical education communication.

➢ Know more about physical therapy terms.

 Physical What is a
Therapy physical
Physical therapy: A branch
of rehabilitative health that
therapist?
uses specially designed exercises
and equipment to help patients A physical therapist is a
regain or improve their physical
abilities. trained and licensed medical
professional with experience
Source: MedicineNet.
in diagnosing physical
abnormalities, restoring
physical function and
Etymology of the word
mobility, maintaining
Physiotherapy
physical function, and
By definition Physio- derives promoting physical activity
from the Greek term phusis and proper function.
meaning ‘nature’, while -
therapy comes from the Greek
word therapeia, or ‘healing’.
 Peruvian Association of Medical
Technologist of Peru
Specialties: • Dean CTM
• Medical Technologists in Laboratory Lic.Carlos Sanchez Rafael
• Principal of Professional School
• Medical Technologists in Radiology
at San Marcos University
• Medical Technologists in Physical Mg. PAREDES ARRASCUE, JOSÉ ANTONIO
Therapy and Rehabilitation

• Medical Technologists in
Oftalmology and Optometry

• Medical Technologists in
Otorhinolaryngology
 History of Physical Therapy
The Very Beginning- Early history of Physical Therapy

✓ Physical therapy's first documented account is from the old master of

medicines- Hippocrates. In the year 460 BC, Hippocrates
introduced the idea of manual manipulation for pain relief.

✓ Since then, physiotherapy has evolved from simple massage to a

complex portfolio of therapies with many specialized applications.

According to certain records (pictorial and written) discovered by

historians, physical therapy treatments such as hydrotherapy,
therapeutic messages and exercises were used in countries like India,
China and Greece thousands of years ago.
➢ Around 1000 B.C, Chinese people used to
perform an exercise namely Cong Fu to
correct the body positioning and improve
the breathing.

➢ Indians were also known to perform certain

form of exercises and messages to treat arthritis.

❑ Around 500 BC, in ancient Greece, Herodicus, a

Greek physician, explained about exercises
known as Ars Gymnastica or The Art of
Gymnastics that includes wrestling, walking and
weight lifting to improve certain febrile conditions.
❖ In 460 BC, Hippocrates, an ancient Greek physician traditionally regarded as
the father of medicine, emphasized on exercising to improve physical
strength.

❖ During the same year, in Greece, Hector employed

hydrotherapy (meaning water therapy). In addition, Aristotle

also recommended that messaging with oil can relieve

tiredness.

❑ Around 180 BC, Romans adopted a form of exercise known as gymnastics

to improve physical strength.

❑ Later, in the second century, Galen, a famous physician, taught about

performing modern exercises to improve the overall strength.
 History of physical therapy (nineteenth century)

Per Henrik Ling, “Father of Swedish Gymnastics,” who founded the

Royal Central Institute of Gymnastics (RCIG) in 1813 for massage,
manipulation, and exercise.
✓ Later, it was extended to America and Europe. Ling introduced
certain techniques, which were adopted from Chinese martial arts,
known as Tunia.

These techniques were later popularly called as Swedish massage. In

1860, George H. Taylor introduced these massage techniques in America.
Chronic phase of COVID-19: challenges for physical therapists
in the face of musculoskeletal disorders

The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) belongs

to a group responsible for causing acute
respiratory syndromes that can vary from mild
symptoms to severe conditions, resulting in
hospitalization, need for mechanical
ventilation, and significant mortality rate.
Despite respiratory impairment, other systemic

symptoms may be manifested, such as

neurological, gastrointestinal and
musculoskeletal disorders.
• Patients who needed mechanical ventilation in the most acute phase of
disease can experience serious side effects, developing the so-called post-
intensive care syndrome, which affects survivors of all ages.

This syndrome is primarily characterized by prolonged disability, with

muscle dysfunction, fatigue, pain and dyspnea as secondary effects.
❑ A second very common consequence in critically ill
patients is ICU-acquired weakness, related to
immobility, suboptimal glycemic control, and iatrogenic
use of steroids and neuromuscular blocking agents.

❑ Other possible subsequent changes are critical illness

polyneuropathy and myopathy.

Less common physical sequelae of prolonged immobility may also occur, including
cardiorespiratory deconditioning, postural instability, venous thromboembolism, muscle
shortening, contractures (myogenic, neurogenic, arthrogenic) and pressure injuries.
How to position a Stroke patient

https://youtu.be/gnyiwPXSxkI
 GLOSSARY OF COMMONLY USED
PHYSICAL THERAPY TERMS

1. Abduction - A movement of a limb away from midline or the center of the body.
2. Adduction - A movement of a limb toward midline or the center of the body.
3. Ataxia - Muscular incoordination especially manifested when voluntary muscular
movements are attempted.
4. Calcaneal Valgum - Angling of the heel of the foot outward, thereby flattening the
arch of the foot.
5. Calcaneal Varum - Angling of the heel of the foot inward, thereby increasing or
heightening the arch of the foot.
6. Cervical - Pertaining to the neck.

22
7. Core - Pertaining to the trunk (primarily abdominals and back).
8. Distal - Farthest from the center, from midline or from the trunk.
9. Extension - A straightening or backward movement of the spine or limbs.
10. External Rotation - An outward turning of the limb away from the body (outward
rotation).
11. Flexion - A bending or forward movement of the spine or limbs.
12. Genu Valgum - Angling of the knees inward as in “knock kneed”.
13. Genu Varum - Angling of the knees outward as in “bow legged”.
14. Gross Motor - Refers to movement of large muscle groups.
15. Hyperextension - Excessive movement in the direction of extension.
16. Hypermobility - Movement beyond normal range of motion.
17. Hypertonic - Muscle tone higher than normal; resistance to passive movement; in
extreme form = spasticity.
18. Hypotonic - Less than normal tone; floppy.
19. Internal rotation - An inward turning of the limb toward the body (inward rotation).
20. Instability - Lack of firmness in weight-bearing. Difficulty maintaining weight bearing.
21. Kinesthesia - Conscious awareness (perception) of body movement (direction and
speed), detected by joints.
22. Kyphosis - An increased convexity in the curvature of the thoracic spine (hunchback).
23. Long-sitting - Sitting with legs straight out in front.
24. Lordosis - An anterior/forward curvature of the lumbar and cervical vertebrae (spine).
An increase is often referred to as “sway-back”.
25. Lumbar - Pertaining to the low back.
26. Midline - The theoretical lines that divide the body into two equal halves vertically or
horizontally.
27. Midline - The theoretical lines that divide the body into two equal halves vertically or
horizontally.
28. Motor Control - The ability of the Central Nervous System to regulate or direct the
musculoskeletal system in a purposeful act.
29. Pes Planus - Flat feet.
30. Pronation - Lying on the belly, face down.
31. Recurvatum - A backward bending, frequently referring to the knees.
32. Reflex - An involuntary/automatic response to a stimulus.
33. Ring Sitting - Sitting on the buttocks with legs forming a ring in front (not crossed)
34. Sacral - The triangular-shaped bone below the lumbar spine formed, typically, by the
fusion of 5 vertebrae 3
35. Scoliosis - is an abnormal curvature of the spine. The normal shape of a person’s spine
includes a curve at the top of the shoulder and a curve at the lower back.
36. Side-sitting - Sitting on one hip with legs flexed to the opposite side.

37. Static - At rest; in equilibrium; not in motion.

38. Supination - Lying on the back, face up.

39. Tailor-sitting - Buttocks on the floor with legs flexed and crossed (“pretzel sitting”)

40. Thoracic - Pertaining to or affecting the chest or upper back

41. Tone (muscle) - The degree of tension normally present in the resting
state of a muscle

42. Unilateral - Affecting or occurring on only one side of the body

 LET’S PRACTICE

A. LOOK AT THE PICTURES AND WRITE THE TYPE OF SITTING. USE THE GLOSSARY:

1.
2. 3.
4.

B. LOOK AT THE PICTURE AND COMPLETE. TYPE OF CURVATURE. USE THE GLOSSARY:

3.

1. 2.
 BEFORE WATCHING THE VIDEO

Discuss these questions with your partner.

Share your answers with the class

WATCH THE VIDEO: RANGE OF MOTION EXERCISES

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t6hE_ntz4Ho
 AFTER WATCHING THE VIDEO
A. ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS.
1.What’s the aide’s name?
2. What’s the patient’s name?
3. Why is the aide there?
4. What has she already done?
5. Which part of the body did she start exercise?
6. What will she do after the exercises?
B. LOOK AT THE PICTURES AND WRITE WHAT TYPE OF MOVEMENT YOU SEE

1. 2. 3. 4.

5. 6. 7. 8.
In Peru the Physical In Peru The medical
Therapist day is Technologist day is
celebrated on celebrated on 27th
1st September February
La labor del tecnólogo médico en Perú
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1vAEfkAkDWo
 WEBOGRAPHY

• READING: Physical therapists’ job https://www.careerexplorer.com/careers/physical-therapist/

• HYSTORY HISTORY OF PHYSICAL THERAPY https://www.physiotherapy-

treatment.com/history-of-physical-therapy.html

• VIDEO

How to position a Stroke patient https://youtu.be/gnyiwPXSxkI

Range of motion exercises https://youtu.be/t6hE_ntz4Ho