Maria Angeline Mendoza BSN 3a2 - Communicable Disease Study

Republic of the Philippines
City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
College of Allied Health Studies
Bachelor of Science in Nursing
www.gordoncollege.edu.ph
MARIA ANGELINE MENDOZA BSN 3A-2

DISEASES CAUSATIVE (3) SIGNS MODE OF INCUBATIO (2) NURSING (3)
AGENT & TRANSMISSI N PERIOD INTERVENTION PREVENTIV
SYMPTOM ON with Rationale E
S MEASURES
LEPROSY an infection Symptoms Droplet These bacteria 1. Wound Care. Since • Proper
caused by mainly Transmission grow very leprosy mainly handwashin
bacteria called affect the slowly and it affects the skin, if g
Mycobacterium skin, nerves, may take up there is wound, it is • Using mask
leprae. and mucous to 20 years to better to provide or covering
membranes develop signs wound care to mouth and
(the soft, of the avoid severing of nose when
moist areas infection. the infected site. sneezing or
just inside 2. Keep skin moist to coughing
the body’s prevent dryness • Social
openings). and fissuring and distancing
avoid ulceration or or isolation
The disease infection of the
can cause skin. Bacteria
skin usually grows
symptoms: when moist, so it is
A large, better to dry the
discolored wound after wound
lesion on the care such as
chest of a covering or putting
person with bandage.
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GORDON COLLEGE
Hansen’s
disease.
Symptoms
caused by
damage to
the nerves
are:
Numbness
of affected
areas of the
skin
Muscle
weakness or
paralysis
(especially
in the hands
and feet)
Symptoms
caused by
the disease
in the
mucous
membranes
are: A stuffy
nose
Nosebleeds
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Since
Hansen’s
disease
affects the
nerves, loss
of feeling or
sensation
can occur.
When loss
of sensation
occurs,
injuries such
as burns
may go
unnoticed
and Burning
sensation in
the skin
DENGUE Dengue is caused Nausea, • Bites from The 1. Fluid replacement. • Avoid
FEVER by a virus of the vomiting infected incubation Establish 24-hour crowded
Flaviviridae Rash mosquitoes period ranges fluid replacement places. Stay
family, Aches and are the only from 3 to 14 needs. away from
Flavivirus genus pains (eye mode of days, with an 2. Managing nose heavily
which includes pain, transmission. average of 4– bleeds. Elevate populated
viruses such as typically • A pregnant 7 days. position of the residential
yellow fever, behind the woman patient and apply areas.
West Nile and eyes, already ice bag to the • Mosquito
tick-borne muscle, infected with bridge of the nose repellents.
encephalitis. dengue can and to the forehead. Use
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joint, or pass the mosquito

bone pain) virus to her repellents
fetus during that are
pregnancy or mild for the
around the skin, even
time of birth. indoors.
• Through • Proper
infected clothing.
blood, When
laboratory, outdoors,
or healthcare wear long-
setting sleeved
exposures shirts and
• Rarely, long pants
dengue can tucked into
be spread socks.
through • Mosquito-
blood free
transfusion, environmen
organ t. Make
transplant, or sure
through a window
needle stick and door
injury. screens are
secure and
free of
holes or use
mosquito
nets.
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• Stagnant
water.
Empty or
cover
bottles,
cans, and
any
containers
with
stagnant
water as
these can
become
breeding
places of
mosquitoes.
MALARIA Malaria is caused • Fever • Mosquito For P. • Improve body • Avoid
by a single- and Bite falciparum, temperature. Warm crowded
celled parasite of sweating • From mother the incubation water compress on places. Stay
the genus . to unborn period is 7 to forehead and both away from
plasmodium • Headach child 14 days. For axilla (not more heavily
e and • Through P. vivax and than 15 minutes populated
muscle blood P. ovale each time); residential
aches. transfusions infection, the maintain warm areas.
• Chest • By sharing incubation environment by • Mosquito
pain, needles used period is using warm repellents.
breathin to inject typically 12 to blankets, adequate Use
g drugs 18 days clothing); patient mosquito
problems may sweat repellents
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and excessively, make that are

cough. sure to avoid mild for the
• Diarrhea, exposing patient to skin, even
nausea wet clothes and indoors.
and linens; • Proper
vomiting administration of clothing.
. antipyretic drugs as When
• As ordered. outdoors,
malaria • Improve tissue wear long-
gets perfusion. Patient sleeved
worse, it may need shirts and
can supplemental long pants
cause oxygen if condition tucked into
anemia is severe; maintain socks.
and a well-ventilated • Mosquito-
jaundice room; head of the free
(yellowi bed at 30º.; lessen environmen
ng of the activities that t. Make
skin and require moderate to sure
whites of high exertion. window
the • Improve fluid and door
eyes). volume. Expect screens are
loss of fluid secure and
through sweat; free of
provide holes or use
information about mosquito
fluid balance and nets.
guideline for fluid • Stagnant
replacement; water.
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GORDON COLLEGE
encourage increase Empty or

in oral fluid intake; cover
administer bottles,
parenteral fluids as cans, and
ordered. any
containers
with
stagnant
water as
these can
become
breeding
places of
mosquitoes.
DIPTHERIA Diphtheria is a • Weaknes Droplet The • Improve • Vaccination
serious infection s Transmission incubation thermoregulation. . Keeping
caused by strains • Sore period for Maintain room up to date
of bacteria called throat diphtheria is 2 temperature; advise with
Corynebacteriu • Mild to 5 days, the client to wear recommend
m diphtheriae fever with a range thin clothes that ed vaccines
that make a toxin • Swollen of 1 to 10 absorb sweat is the best
(poison). glands in days. easily; encourage way to
the neck to increase oral prevent
fluid intake, and diphtheria.
administer • Antibiotics.
antipyretics as It is
ordered. recommend
• Improve caloric s that close
intake. Monitor contacts of
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calorie intake and someone

quality of food with
consumption; diphtheria
provide foods that receive
stimulate the antibiotics
appetite, and to prevent
measure the them from
bodyweight daily. getting sick.
• Isolate or
social
distance
yourself to
other
PERTUSSIS Bordetella • Runny Airborn/ Droplet The • Educate about • Vaccines.
pertussis nose Transmission incubation coughing and The best
• Low- period of breathing. Teach way to
grade pertussis is the patient the prevent
fever commonly 7 proper ways of pertussis
(generall through 10 coughing and (whooping
y days, with a breathing. (e.g., cough)
minimal range of 4 take a deep breath, among
througho through 21 hold for 2 seconds, babies,
ut the days and cough two or children,
course of three times in teens,
the succession). pregnant
disease) • Educate about women, and
• Mild, proper positioning. adults is to
occasion Position the patient get
al cough upright if tolerated. vaccinated.
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Regularly check • Proper

the patient’s handwashin
position to prevent g
sliding down in • Using mask
bed. or covering
mouth and
nose when
sneezing or
coughing
TETANUS Tetanus is an • Jaw The spores can 3 and 21 days • Wound Care. To • Vaccination
infection caused crampin get into the body (average 10 lessen the risk for . Being up
by a bacterium g through broken days) infections to date with
called • Painful skin, usually • Oxygenation. To your
Clostridium muscle through injuries provide adequate tetanus
tetani. stiffness from oxygenation since vaccine is
all over contaminated patient with tetanus the best tool
the body objects. Tetanus are risk for to prevent
• Jerking bacteria are respiratory tetanus.
or more likely to complications • Wash hands
staring infect certain often with
(seizures breaks in the soap and
) skin. These water or use
include: an alcohol-
• Wounds based hand
contaminated rub if
with dirt, washing is
poop (feces), not
or spit possible.
(saliva)
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• Wounds • Immediate
caused by an care, such
object as cleaning
puncturing the wound
the skin or
(puncture consulting
wounds), to the
like a nail or physician
needle as much as
• Burns possible.
• Crush
injuries
• Injuries with
dead tissue
COVID- 19 COVID-19 • Fever or Droplet on average • Manage fever – use • Proper
(coronavirus chills Transmission 5.2 days up to appropriate therapy handwashin
disease 2019) is • Cough 14 days for hyperthermia, g
a disease caused • Shortnes including adjusting • Using mask
by a virus named s of room temperature, or covering
SARS-CoV-2 breath or eliminating excess mouth and
difficulty clothing and nose when
breathin covers, using sneezing or
g cooling mattresses, coughing
applying cold • Social
packs to major distancing
blood vessels, or isolation
starting or
increasing
intravenous (IV)
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fluids as allowed,
administering
antipyretic
medications as
prescribed, and
readying oxygen
therapy in the event
of respiratory
problems resulting
from the metabolic
demands for
oxygen during a
fever.
• Maintain
respiratory
isolation – isolation
rooms should be
well-marked with
limited access; all
who enter the
restricted-access
room should use
personal protective
equipment, such as
masks and gowns.
MEASLES Measles is • high The virus is The • Hydration. • Getting
caused by a fever transmitted by incubation Encourage oral vaccinated
single-stranded, (may direct contact period of hydration; medical is the best
enveloped RNA spike to with infectious measles from literature way to
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virus with 1 more droplets or by exposure to encourages the use protect

serotype. It is than airborne spread prodrome of oral rehydration against
classified as a 104°), when an infected averages 11 to solution. measles.
member of the • cough, person breathes, 12 days. The • Temperature • Isolation.
genus • runny coughs, or time from control. Patients
Morbillivirus in nose sneezes. exposure to Antipyretics should will need to
the (coryza) rash onset be administered to be on
Paramyxovirida averages 14 the patient as isolation
e family. days, with a ordered for a precautions
range of 7 to temperature greater to decrease
21 days. than 100.4 transmissio
Fahrenheit unless n within the
directed elsewise community;
by a healthcare emphasize
provider; be sure to the need for
remind parents not immediate
to administer isolation
aspirin due to the when early
risk of Reye’s catarrhal
syndrome. symptoms
appear.
• Covering
nose or
mouth
when
sneezing or
coughing
HERPES Herpes zoster, • Fever The virus is herpes zoster • Apply cool, moist • Cover the
ZOSTER also known as spread through rash, with a dressings to pruritic rash.
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shingles, is • Headach direct contact range of 10 to lesions with or • Avoid

caused by the e with the rash or 21 days without Burrow’s touching or
reactivation of • Chills through solution several scratching
the varicella- • Upset breathing in times a day. the rash.
zoster virus stomach virus particles Discontinue once • Wash your
(VZV), the same that get mixed in the lesions have hands often.
virus that causes the air. dried. This
varicella provides relief and
(chickenpox). reduces the risk for
secondary
infection.
• Avoid rubbing or
scratching the skin
or lesion. Avoid
rubbing or
scratching the skin
or lesion.
CHICKEN POX Chickenpox is a • fever Contact It takes about • Manage • Vaccination
highly • tiredness Transmission. 2 weeks (from pruritus. Manage • Social
contagious • loss of The virus 10 to 21 days) pruritus in patients Distancing
disease caused appetite spreads mainly after exposure with varicella with • Isolation
by the varicella- • headache through close to a person cool compresses
zoster virus contact with with and regular
(VZV). someone who chickenpox or bathing; warm
has chickenpox. shingles for soaks and oatmeal
someone to or cornstarch baths
develop may reduce itching
chickenpox. and provide
comfort.
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• Trim
fingernails. Trimm
ing the child’s
fingernails and
having the child
wear mittens while
sleeping may
reduce scratching.
AIDS Acquired • Recurrin • HIV is a Between 1 • Nutrition therapy. • Safe sex.
immunodeficienc sexually and 6 weeks For all AIDS Use latex
g fever
y syndrome transmitted (median 3 patients who condoms
(AIDS) is a • Chronic infection weeks) experience (rubbers)
chronic, (STI). unexplained weight whenever
diarrhea
potentially life- • It can also be loss, calorie counts you have
threatening • Swollen spread by should be obtained, any type of
condition caused contact with and appetite sex
by the human lymph
infected stimulants and oral (vaginal,
immunodeficien glands blood and supplements are anal or
cy virus (HIV). from illicit also appropriate. oral).
•
injection • Maintain thought • Never share
drug use or processes. Family needles to
sharing and support take drugs.
needles. network members • Protect
• It can also be are instructed to yourself.
spread from speak to the patient Avoid
mother to in simple, clear getting
child during language and give drunk or
pregnancy, the patient high.
childbirth or sufficient time to Intoxicated
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breastfeeding respond to people

. questions. might be
less likely
to protect
themselves
POLIOMYELIT Polio, or • Sore Fecal-oral or the onset of • Physical therapy. • Inactivated
IS poliomyelitis, is throat transmission paralysis in Physical therapy is poliovirus
a disabling and • Fever paralytic indicated in cases vaccine
life-threatening • Tirednes poliomyelitis, of paralytic (IPV) given
disease caused s the incubation disease; in paralytic as an
by the • Nausea period is disease, it provide injection in
poliovirus. • Headach usually 7 to frequent the leg or
e 21 days. mobilization to arm,
• Stomach avoid the depending
pain development of on the
chronic decubitus patient’s
ulcerations; active age. Only
and passive motion IPV has
exercises are been used
indicated during in the
the convalescent United
stage. States since
• Diet. Because 2000.
patients with • Oral
poliomyelitis are poliovirus
prone to develop vaccine
constipation, a diet (OPV) is
rich in fiber is still used
usually indicated. throughout
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much of the
world.
• Drink
Clean
Water
MUMPS Mumps is a viral • Fever Airborne or The average • Drink plenty of • Vaccination
illness caused by • Headach Droplet incubation fluids. • Use of
a e Transmission period for • If the glands are Mask or
paramyxovirus, • Muscle mumps is 16 swollen and covering
a member of the aches to 18 days, causing discomfort, mouth and
Rubulavirus • Tirednes with a range ice or heat packs nose when
family. s of 12 to 25 can help ease the sneezing or
• Loss of days. pain. coughing
appetite • Hand
washing
LEPTOSPIROS Caused by • High Direct contact, The • Provide education • Avoid
IS bacteria of the fever through incubation to clients telling touching
genus • Headach contaminated period is 2–30 them to avoid fresh water
Leptospira e water. days, and swimming or or soil that
• Chills illness usually wading in may be
occurs 5–14 potentially contaminate
days after contaminated water d with
exposure. or flood water. animal
• Use of proper urine.
protection like • Avoid
boots and gloves touching
when work requires objects that
exposure to may be
contaminated contaminate
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water. to avoid d with

direct contact with animal
the contaminated urine, such
water as animal
• Drain potentially bedding.
contaminated water • Don't wade,
when possible. to swim, or
avoid water put your
contamination of head in
animals such as floodwaters
rats. or water
from lakes,
rivers, or
swamps.

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Republic of the Philippines

MARIA ANGELINE MENDOZA BSN 3A-2

joint, or pass the mosquito

and excessively, make that are

encourage increase Empty or

calorie intake and someone

Regularly check • Proper

virus with 1 more droplets or by exposure to encourages the use protect

shingles, is • Headach direct contact range of 10 to lesions with or • Avoid

breastfeeding respond to people

water. to avoid d with

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