GRADE9 SCIENCE

GOVERNOR ANDRES PASCUAL COLLEGE Mr. Gabriel DR. Tejada

Grade
Level The learners demonstrate understanding of:
Standards 1. How the different structures of the circulatory and respiratory systems work
together to transport oxygen-rich blood and nutrients to the different parts of the
body.

TOPICS: OBJECTIVES: At the end of this lesson, the learners should

 Circulatory System be able to:
 Subsystem of the circulatory system  Explain how the respiratory and circulatory
 Circulation systems work together to transport nutrients,
 Respiratory System gases, and other molecules to and from different
parts of the body.

MODULE 1: CIRCULATORY AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION: Water. Earth. Fire. Air. Long ago, the four nations liv . . . We all know that almost every living organisms
need water, nutrients, heat, and respiratory gases to survive. But the answer to the questions “why do we need it”,
“how do we use it in our body” are yet to be discussed in this module. Basically the organs that are involved in this
intricate process belong in two systems – the circulatory and the respiratory system. Together they work with the rest
of the body to serve as the courier like Lazada or Shopee; working tirelessly to deliver the essential nutrients, gas, and
waste around and away from the body.

EXPLORE
Directions: Research the following terminologies that are related in our topics.
1. Pulmonary Circulation 4. Heart
2. Coronary Circulation 5. Lungs
3 Systematic Circulation

FIRM UP

1.1 CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

The cells of an organism need food, oxygen, and other

substances to survive and maintain essential body functions. To
accomplish this task, an organism’s body relies heavily on its
circulatory system. The circulatory system is responsible in
transporting materials throughout the entire body. On the
introduction above I used Lazada and Shopee as an example. Well
that is because our circulatory system delivers the nutrients, water,
and respiratory gases to the billions of body cells composing the
body. The circulatory system also heals, fight infections, and
remove the wastes from our body. The layout of the circulatory
system is like a highway made up of blood vessels that runs
throughout our entire body.

Figure 1 The Human Circulatory system

 GRADE9 SCIENCE
GOVERNOR ANDRES PASCUAL COLLEGE Mr. Gabriel DR. Tejada

1.2 SUBSYSTEM OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

The circulatory system have 2 subsystems, the cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system.

1.2.1 CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

Figure 2.1 Cardiovascular System Figure 2.2 Blood Vessels

The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood vessels and blood; their job is to transport the nutrients
and oxygen-rich blood to the body and also remove wastes.
 Heart – the heart is the muscular organ that pumps blood to the different parts of the body. The heart is
as big as one’s own clenched fist. A sac known as pericardium encloses it.
 Blood vessels – the blood vessels are the network of channels that carry blood throughout the body. As
the blood travels through the body, it remains confined within these blood vessels. You can imagine
these as the roads or highways that allow vehicles to travel around the country. However unlike some
of our roads that allow vehicles to travel in a two-way direction, our blood vessels only allow blood to
travel ONE-WAY! To do this, we have 3 different types of blood vessels.
1. Arteries – arteries TRAVEL AWAY from the heart to deliver oxygenated blood to your
organs. Arteries have thick walls with muscle tissue. The smallest arteries are called
arterioles
2. Veins – veins TRAVEL TOWARDS the heart to deliver deoxygenated blood that came
from your organs. Veins have thin walls and use valves to keep your blood flowing. The
smallest veins are called venules.
3. Capillaries – capillaries are the smallest of all the blood vessels. Their job is to connect
the smallest artery (arterioles) and the smallest vein (venule) together. They can be as
thin as 5 micrometers much thinner than our hair which is around 17 micrometers.
 Blood – the last part of the cardiovascular system is of course the blood itself. The blood carry the
materials throughout the body. Aside from that, our blood is also responsible for carrying the cells and
antibodies that fight infection, repair our body tissues, bring waste products to the kidneys and liver,
and regulate body temperature. To do these complicated tasks, the blood has 4 main components:
 GRADE9 SCIENCE
GOVERNOR ANDRES PASCUAL COLLEGE Mr. Gabriel DR. Tejada

Figure 2.3 Components of
the blood
1. Red Blood Cells – also known as erythrocytes or RBCs (ang hirap ng erythrocyte sir, RBC
na lang po). They are known for their bright red color, RBCs are the most abundant cell
in the blood around 40 to 45 percent. They contain a protein called hemoglobin that
carries oxygen. As you may have guessed, yes! They are also the reason why our blood is
red.
2. White Blood Cells – also known as leukocytes. White blood cells protect the body from
infections, actually they do more than “fight” off infections; they literally consume or
eat the harmful pathogens that they encounter inside our body. There are different
kinds of white blood cells, but it’s a pretty long discussion. I recommend doing your own
research if you’re curious, or just watch the anime called Cells at Work! It’s very much
accurate but some scenes are of course made for entertainment purposes, so be sure to
double check the facts.
3. Platelets – also known as thrombocytes. Unlike red and white blood cells, platelets are
NOT actually cells, but rather small fragments of cells. Platelets help repair damaged
body tissues through the process called blood clotting or namumuong dugo in Tagalog.
You can observe this process on your injury when you see a scab or langib that serves as
a protective layer in the site of injury. Platelets are also the reason why a body builder’s
muscle grow big! Lifting a heavy weight causes micro-cracks or micro-tears on our
muscle fibers; what platelets do is that they repair these tiny cracks with a much better
and stronger muscle fiber than before. Repeating these process over and over again will
result in a much bigger and well-adapted muscle.
4. Plasma – last but not the least is the plasma. Plasma is the liquid component of our
blood, it’s a mixture of water, sugar, fat, protein, and salts. The main job of plasma is to
transport our blood cells throughout our body. The other three main components – red
blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets – are suspended in this liquid.

1.2.2 LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

The other subsystem called the lymphatic
system consists of a large network of lymphatic vessels,
lymph nodes, lymphatic or lymphoid organs, and
lymphoid tissues. The lymphatic system can be thought
of as a drainage system, because as blood circulates
throughout the body, blood plasma leaks into tissues
through the thin walls of the capillaries. Every day out of
the 20 liters of plasma that is transferred from the
arteries only 17 liters makes it back to the veins. Now
what about the remaining 3 liters? That becomes what
we call as lymph. The lymphatic system then removes
this lymph from the tissues and processes it back into
our blood stream. The lymphatic system also plays a key
role in our immune system thanks to the part of the
lymphatic system called lymph nodes, hundreds of it are
scattered throughout our body and they are filled with
immune cells that keeps our body clear of harmful
pathogens. Without our lymphatic system our bodies
will die from harmful diseases and our body tissues will
be filled with fluids. Edema is an example of what
happens in your body when the lymphatic system fails
to drain excess fluids in our tissues; in Tagalog we call edema as Figure 2.4 Lymphatic System
manas.
 GRADE9 SCIENCE
GOVERNOR ANDRES PASCUAL COLLEGE Mr. Gabriel DR. Tejada

1.3 CIRCULATION

TYPE OF CIRCULATION DESCRIPTION DIAGRAM

Movement of blood from heart,

1. PULMONARY CIRCULATION to the lungs, and back to the
heart

2. CORONARY CIRCULATION Movement of blood through

the tissues of the heart

Movement of blood from the

3. SYSTEMATIC CIRCULATION heart to the rest of the body,
excluding the lungs
 GRADE9 SCIENCE
GOVERNOR ANDRES PASCUAL COLLEGE Mr. Gabriel DR. Tejada

1.4 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

The respiratory system is what allows an organism to breathe. Every animal has its own set of respiratory organs
that is well adapted for the environment that they live in. For most fish, they have gills that extracts the dissolved
oxygen from the water, for insects they can be as simple as a network of tubes that runs along their body, and for us
mammals we use or lungs that work together with our circulatory system to extract the gases that we need and expel
those that we don’t. No matter what kind of respiratory organs a creature has, they all have the same purpose, and that
is TO FACILITATE GAS EXCHANGE.
Breathing is the process of drawing air into the lungs (inhalation) and its corresponding expulsion (exhalation).
Inhalation and exhalation are the two phases of breathing. During inhalation, oxygen enters our lungs which then
delivers it into our blood; and during exhalation carbon dioxide from our blood enters the lungs and then the lungs
expels the carbon dioxide outside our body.

Figure 4.1 Respiratory System

1.4.1 PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Referring to Figure 3 most of us are already familiar with some of the respiratory organs mentioned in
the image above. But as for the question of what they actually do, or how important they are, remains to be
answered for some of us. In this section we are going to thoroughly discuss the functions and importance of
these respiratory organs.
 Nasal cavity – The nasal cavity is the inside of our nose, and where the air first enter during inhalation. It
is lined with a mucous membrane to keep our noses moist by making mucus, so we won’t get
nosebleeds from a dry nose. There are also little hairs that help filter the air we breathe in, blocking dirt
and dust from getting into our lungs.
 Pharynx and Larynx – The pharynx and larynx are two separate parts. The pharynx is what we usually
call the throat, it carries air, food, and fluid down from the nose and mouth. Larynx on the other hand is
what we know as the voice box. You might wonder how our body separates food and air; this is thanks
to the cartilage known as epiglottis.
 Trachea – Trachea or windpipe is simply the passageway of air from the larynx down to the bronchi.
 Bronchi – The end of the trachea or windpipe separates into two “branches”. These two branches are
called bronchial tubes or simply bronchi, one entering each lung.
 Diaphragm – Is the muscle that is located below the lungs. Remember that AIR DOES NOT PASS
THROUGH THE DIAPHRAGM! It is simply the muscle that allows your lungs to expand and contract.
 GRADE9 SCIENCE
GOVERNOR ANDRES PASCUAL COLLEGE Mr. Gabriel DR. Tejada

 Lungs – The lungs are the cone-shaped organs of respiration in humans. The lungs are covered with a
two layer membrane called pleura. The gas exchange happens inside the lungs; to understand how it
does that, let’s take a look inside the lungs.
1. Bronchioles – Looking at
Figure 4.1, we can see that
the Bronchi further subdivides
inside the lungs, these tiny
branch-like or stem-like
structure are called
bronchioles.
2. Alveoli (plural) – At the end
of the bronchioles is finally
the alveoli also known as air
sacs. This part is where the
lungs and the blood
exchange oxygen and carbon
dioxide through the process
called diffusion. The singular
form of alveoli is alveolus.

Figure 4.2 The process of gas

exchange

DEEPEN

ACTIVITY 1.1 – HEART SHAKER

Directions: Answer the following questions about the circulatory and respiratory systems APPROPRIATELY. (2 points
each).

1. How important is the function of the heart?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Is the circulatory system the same as cardiovascular system? Explain your answer.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Which is more important, The Circulatory System or The Respiratory System? Or if you think that they are
equally important, then explain your answer.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

4. How do the Circulatory System and the Respiratory System work together?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

5. What will happen if one part of the system FAILED to function properly? Will it affect your entire body?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
 GRADE9 SCIENCE
GOVERNOR ANDRES PASCUAL COLLEGE Mr. Gabriel DR. Tejada

TRANSFER
ACTIVITY 1.2 – CIRCLES

Directions: The graphic organizer below describes the entire concept of the circulatory system. Fill the missing part,
description, and functions to complete it.

Circulatory System

CARRIES PUMPS
BLOOD BLOOD

TYPES OF
BLOOD VESSELS PLASMA

TYPES

PULMONARY CIRCULATION SYSTEMATIC CIRCULATION

References:

Rabago L., Ph.D., et al., 2014. Science and Technology for Grade 9 (K to 12 Edition). Vibal Group Inc. Santos G.N., et al., 2014. RBS Science and Technology Series Science Links 9 (Seamless K-12 Edition 2014). Rex
Book Store, Inc.

Standring S (2016). Gray's anatomy: the anatomical basis of clinical practice (Forty-first ed.). pp. Moore K (2018). Clinically oriented anatomy (Eighth ed.). pp. 43–45.

Internet Links: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/cardiovascular-system#organs-and-tissues https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/blood.html https://www.hematology.org/education/patients/blood-basics https://www.webmd.com/heart/difference-

between-arteries-veins-capillaries https://www.britannica.com/science/lymphatic-system https://innerbody.imgix.net/cardiovascular_system.png https://mmegias.webs.uvigo.es/02-english/2-organos-a/imagenes/circulatorio.png
https://cdn.britannica.com/06/92806-050-A7AFBD5B/Blood-heart-capillaries-arteries-veins.jpg https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRygfjpKSQq3thtD69aaH1I-v_qaKYfvk8fAA&usqp=CAU
https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/2241/0819/articles/lymphatic-system_1024_900x.jpg?v=1610360059 https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/word-nasal-cavity.html https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/21869-pharynx
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/imagepages/19595.htm https://www.britannica.com/science/pharynx https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/21872-larynx https://www.britannica.com/science/human-digestive-system/Pharynx
https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/trachea https://o.quizlet.com/PjhqqEgfHzFxowphFLQMPQ_b.jpg https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/alveoli