> 9.1 Generating sequences 1 Here is a sequence of numbers: 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, ... ‘The first term of the sequence is 4. Tho term-to-term rule is ‘Add 2 44+2=6,6+2=8,8+2=10, etc. Exercise 9.1 Focus 1 Write down the next two terms in each of these sequences, Also write down the term-to-term rule. a 5,10, 15, 20,7], Term-to-term rule: . b 1,3,5,7,.[]}. Term-to-term rule: ¢ 6,10, 14, 18, Term-to-term d 20, 28, 36, 44, Term-to-term e 10,9,8,7, Term-to-term rule: f 16, 13, 10, 7, Term-to-term rule: finite sequence infinite sequence The first term is the first number in the list. Tips 5+5=10, 10+5=15, 15+5=20, The rule is "Add 5". 1+?=3, 3+2=5, 5+2=7, 742=? The rule is ‘Add 7. 121)9 Sequences and functions » g 20,18, 16, 14,7], Term-to-term rul Term-to-term rule: 2. Use the given first term and term-to-term rule to write down the itp | neat four terms of each sequence. a Add3 so.o0.0. For the sequence Cre ialalal cepa © Add 10 12.0).01.0) d Add7 OF j.L_jsL_]. Subtract 2 . TY PaeRete: f Subtract 5 Oh 9 Subtract 1 301.010. h Subtract 20 100, | HLL 3 Write down the missing terms in each of these sequences. itp a 4, 10, 16, |, 28, |. 40, 46 id b 45,43,(7). 39.37. ].33 a a 4+2=10, Practice 10+7=16,sothe 4 Foreach of these infinite sequences, write down: idols Agar: i theterm-to-term rule ii the next two terms the tenth term a 12,14, 16,18, b 5.81114.) © 46,42, 38, 34, 5 Write down the first three terms of each of these sequences. Show your working. a 4 b 30 _| subtract 5 c 4 | multiply by2 d 80 | divide by 2 & — Copy these finite sequences. Fill in the missing terms. . 15, (F), 21, 24 b 3, 10,17,[-],[7), 38. 1,27, 21,09 d 0. 17,14, :9.1 Generating sequences 1 10 Write down whether each of th a 5,10,15,20 b 3,5,79[] ¢ Write down the first three terms of each of these sequences. The first one has been started for you. a First term is 5. Term-to-term rule is: Multiply by 2 then add 3. sequences is finite or infinite. Firstterm = 5 Second term = 5x2+3=10+3=13 Third term = 13%2+3=[]+3= b First term is 7. Term-to-term rule Subtract 4 then multiply by 3. ¢ First term is 30. Term-to-term rule is: Divide by 2 then subtract 1. Hari invests $100. At the end of each month $15 is added to his, investment, but he must pay a $3 a How much money does Hari have at the end of the first month? During the neat three months exactly the same happens. $15 added to Hari’s investment and he pays a $3 fi b Work out how much money he has at the end of the second, third and fourth months. Marcus and Zara are looking at this number sequence. 3, 6, 17, 42, 87, 158,[—].[_] I think the tem- to-term rule is: “Multiply by 2.” | think the term- to-term rule is: “Add 3." Iscither of them correct? Explain your answer. 123)9 Sequences and fun: Challenge 41 Write down three possible term-to-term rules for cach of these sequences and work out the next two terms for each rule. The first one has been started for you a 13 ® Add 2 would give 1, 3, 5.7.[[] ® Mubtply by 4 and subtract | would give 1, 3, 11,43,[7] b 3,6, c 1,8, d 3,17) 12. The second term of a s : Multiply by Athen s equence is 10. The term-to-term rule btract 2. What is the first term of the sequence? 13. The fourth term of a sequence is 18. The term-to-term rul then multiply by 3. What is the first term of the sequence’ is: Subtract 3 14 What is the term-to-term rule for this s quence? 2,4, 10, 28, 15. Write two sequences containing the numbers 4 and 12. There must be at least one term in between 4 and 12. For each sequence, write down the term-to-term rule that you use. 16 Foreach of thes i term-to-term rule i a 4,1,-2,-5, b 30, -44, -38, -32 oO d= -S0,-26, -14, -8,[7] equences, write down the: next two terms > 9.2 Generating sequences 2 Exercise 9.2 Focus 41 Look at this sequence of patterns of squares pattern! pattern2——_ pattern 3 a oo ooo a Ga Baa Write down the number of squares in: i pattern | ii pattern 2 iii pattern39.2 Gene ing sequences 2 Zara and Sofia look at this sequence of patterns, Zara Sofia sa I think the term-to-term rule AD, for this patton i: ‘Add 2" Who is correct? Draw pattern 4 and pattern 5 Copy and complete this table. Pattern number I Number of squares | 2 | 4 | © Copy and complete the sequence of the number of squares in cach pattern: 2460), Look at this sequence of patterns of triangles. pattern | pattern 2 pattern 3 AA AA DAA A AA AA a Write down the number of triangles in i pattern I ii pattern 2 iii pattern 3 b What is the term-to-term rule for this sequence of patterns? (Choose the correct rule from the box shown. add3 add! add? add ¢ Draw pattern 4 and pattern 5. d Copy and complete this table. Pattern number 1 3]4]5 Number of triangles | 3 | + @ Copy and complete the sequence of the number of triangles in cach pattern: 34,9 Sequences and functions > 3. This sequence of pattems is made from dots. a Draw the next two patterns in the sequence. b Write down the number sequence of the dots. ¢ Write down the term-to-term rule. d_ Explain how the sequence is formed. Practice 4 This sequence of patterns is made from squares. a Draw the next two patterns in the sequence. b Copy and complete the table to show the number of squares in cach pattern. 1[2[3]4][s5 3 [os | ¢ — Write down the term-to-term rule. How many squares will there be in i pattern 6? paticmn 8? 5 This sequence of patterns is made from blocks. a b Draw the next two patterns in the sequence. Copy and complete the table to show the number of blocks in cach pattern. erro iE Write down the term-to-term rule. How many blocks will there be in: i pattern 6? pattern 9? 6 This sequence of patterns is made from dots. Copy and complete the table to show the number of dots in each pattern a pattern | pattern 2 pattern | pattern 2 fe, pattern 3 eee patter | pattem 2 pattern 3 @eee pattern 3 @0000 @00000 126 >9.2 Generating sequences 2 b How many dots will there be in: i pattern 107 ii pattern 18? Show how you worked out your answers. This sequence of pattems is made from hexagons. pattern 1 a Copy and complete the table to show the number of hexagons in cach pattern, 1] 2]3 {4 peters 2 b Irena thinks that one of the patterns will have SI hexagons pitiern 3 init, Is she correct? Explain your answer. € Sion thinks that one of the patterns will have 92 hexagons init. Without doing any calculations, explain how you can tell that he is incorrect. What can you say about the number of hexagons used in this sequence of patterns? Sesane is using dots to draw a sequence of patterns. There are marks over the first and third patterns in her sequence pattern 1 pattern 2 pattern 3 tos RASS Draw the first and the third patterns of Sesane’s sequence. b How many dots will there be in pattern 6? Zara and Sofia are looking at this sequence of patterns made from squares. pattern | pattern 2 pattern 3 pattern 4 Ssquares 8 squares 11 squares 14 squares wz)»9 Sequences and functions > Zara says: Sofia says | think there are 62 squares in pattem 20 | think there are 23) because if! multiply the ‘squares in pattern 20 pattem number by 3 and because the pattem add 2, | always get the 1s going up in 3s, and 20+3=23" number of squares. 20x3+2=62. Who is correct? Explain your answer. Challenge 10 Draw patterns to show these sequences. You can use a shape of your choice for each pattern Draw the first three patterns in each sequence. a 4,68, b 14470) © 3,813, 11. This sequence of patterns is made from grey and white triangles pattern | a Copy and complete the table to show the number of grey and white triangles in cach pattern, Also write down the total number of triangles in cach pattern. pattern 2 pattern 3 ERARAA b Writedown the term-to-term rule for the: i number of grey triangles ii number of white triangles total number of t ingles What do you notice about your answers to parts |, land III? ¢ How many grey triangles will there be in pattern 10? How many white triangles will there be in pattern 12? @ — Whatis the total number of triangles in pattern 21?9.3. Using the nth term 12. This sequence of patterns is made from grey octagons and pattem | white squares. a Copy and complete the table to show the number of grey ‘octagons and white squares in cach pattern. Also write down the total number of shapes in each pattern, pattern 2 1] 2 + pattern 3 b Write down the term-to-term rule for the: i number of grey octagons ii number of white squares iii total number of shapes ‘What do you notice about your answers to parts I, Il and II? How many grey octagons will there be in pattern 12? How many white squares will there be in pattern 20? @ What is the total number of shapes in pattern 50? ao > 9.3 Using the nth term Exercise 9.3 Focus 1 Copy and complete the tables to find out the ath term rule for these sequences. The first one has been started for you. a 2,468, 10, The sequence 2, 8, 10, is the 2 times table, so the rule is nx2. 10 position number, so nth term rule is: nth term = 2n,9 Sequences and functions > b 3,6,9, 12,15, x position number, so wth term rule is: mth term=|_|n. © 4,8, 12, 16, 20, Term=[_]x position number, so nth term rule is: nth term=[_}n. 2 Copy and complete the tables to find out the nth term rule for these sequences. The first one has been started for you. a 2,3,4,5,6, The numbers 2, tT2[3]4][5 3,4,5,6,[ Jaro Wla always ono moro th than the position 2 [3 41-56 number, so the tule isn+1. Term = position number +[_], so nth term rule is: mhterm=n+1. b 3,4,5,6,7, 7 sOPolhoro 6 3 [ 4 5 Li ‘Term = position number +[_]. so nth term rule is: mhterm=nh + 130>9.3. Using the nth term ¢ 7,89, 10,11, +O+O] +O] + 8 [9 {wf Term = position number +[_} so ath term rule is: nth term =n +} 3. Copy and complete the workings to find the first four terms of these sequences. as mthterm= Sn When it First four terms of this sequence are 5, 10, b mthterm=n+3 When w= 1,1+3=4. When 3 When When #=4, First four terms of this sequence are 4.|_].[_}. 4 Copy and complete the workings to find the 10th term of these sequences. a athterm=: When #= 10,4 10=[_] b mhterm=8n When = 10,8 x 10= ¢ nthterm=n+4 When n= 10,1044 dmthterm=n+8 When = 10, 10+8 Practice ‘Ali Giese: 5 Work out the mth term rule for each of these sequences. sequences a 9, 18,27, 36,45, b 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, avaitha tila © 12,24, 36,48, 60, d 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, mbearen |] 6 For each of the sequences in Question $, use its mth term rule to work out the: i 10thterm 20th term9 Sequences and functions » 7 Work out the nth term rule for cach of these sequences, a 8,9, 10,11, 12, b 1, 12,13, 14,15, 14,15, 16, 17,18, d 2, 23, 24, 8 For each of the sequences in Question 7, use its mth term rule to work out the: i 12thterm 9 Sofia is looking at the sequence ~ | think the nth rule is: Is Sofia correct? Explain your answer and show all your working. 10 Work out the first five terms of each of these sequen a nthterm=4-8 bo nthterm=n +24 ¢ nth term = 50n d-nthterm=n- 10 11 Copy and complete this table. All these sequences have the rule nth term =n 4| Tip You could start by writing the sequence ina table. wi Substitute n=1, 2, 3,4 and 5 into ‘each nth term rule. nth term rule [Sth term in sequenco| 10th term in sequence| 20th term in sequonco| mbhterm=n +30 35 mh term=n — 12 mhterm=Sn 25 mbhterm=n +14 34 mh term=n ~ 20 =10 mhterm=40n 8009.3. Using the nth term Challenge 12° Match each sequence given ina rectangle (A to E) to its correct mh term rule given in an oval (Ito ¥). A c E 17, 34, 51, 68,[7] B17, 18,19, 20,7] 17, 16, 15, 14, O D -17,-18,-19, 20,7] =17,=16, -15, =14, [7] i on-i8 ii 18—n ii 17 iv nto vo -16-n Work out the first five terms of these sequences i Work out the first five terms of these sequences. ni wth term=11 —» What do you notice about your answers to parts a and b? -n i mh term: What can you say about the two sequences with ‘a number’ and nth term= "a number’ —», number’ is the same number? mh term: where 14° Here are some number cards, 4 “2 -10 a 0 1 Here are some th rule cards for four sequences. ‘Sequence A: nth term= Sequence C: nth term An ‘Sequence B: nth term =n — 22 =n Sequence D: nth term All of the numbers can be in only one of the sequences. Is the sequence A, B, C or D? Show that all of the numbers are in the sequence by working Sn out their positions in the sequence. Work out the Which number is in all of the sequences? Show that itisin all | Yalue of n that the sequences. oes Eo : P ‘ number on Two of the numbers can be used in three of the sequences. the cards Show that thi Which sequence uses the fewest of these number how you worked out your answer. true. ? Explain> 9.4 Representing simple functions Here is a function machine. input output Exercise 9.4 Focus 1 Find the missing output numbers in each of these function machines a input output b input output ye} x2 a IS—} =3 1] © input output d input output 8 = - | xs = 10 —+| — s— oe © input output i ‘a 7+ v— For parta: output number = input number x2 s03%2=? For part b: 15+3=? There can be more than one input number, so in parte work out both output numbers: 8-8=and 10-8-?9.4 Representing simple functions 2 Find the missing input numbers in cach of these function machines. a input output input output Find the —- +3 4 | x4 12 input number by working ¢ input ‘output d_ input ‘output backwards. For 2 + —> 3 Part a “(ks)” a Input+3=output, | —§ | — 10 s04-3=7 © input output For part b: 12: ? Practice 3 Copy these function machines and find the missing inputs and outputs. a input output = output = input output 3—f en 10 —+f —F 7—| +5 4 7 || «5 —| — | —e| —> 100 4 Copy and complete these inverse function machines and tables of values. z — input—*} +8 )-* output o 3 | 8 | 0 input b input —} 16 | 26 | 60 input c input —+} 1 | 14 | 2s input9 Sequences and fun 5 — Work out the rule to complete these function machines. a input output —-b input output = ¢ input output 3 >) 6 51—=— 5 3-4 i io i j 3 DE 14 3—D)= 40 is & — Copy and complete the mapping diagram below for thi: \ction machine. input 012345678910 input output 3 7 5] +4 9 i | — 10 output 012345678910 Challenge YW’ Shen draws this mapping diagram for a function. input 012345678910 output 012345678910 Copy and complete this function machine and table of values for the same function. Explain how you worked out your answer. SY 8 This function machine shows only one input and one output “i Write down two possible functions for this function machine, Justify your answers. qY 9 Thisis part of Marcus’s homework. There are marks covering some of the numbers. 64 —p S19 ae b [sit possible to work out all the numbers? If not, what numbers could the missing numbers be? Explain your answer.